特殊句式
知识点一 、倒装句
(一)完全倒装(Full Inversion)
谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有：
1．表示方式、方位的副词或介词短语，如 here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room,
on the wall 等，置于句首，且主语是名词时。如：
In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.
在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。
South of the river lies a small factory.
一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。
Out rushed the children.
孩子们冲了出去。
2．such 置于句首时。如：
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist.
这就是艾伯特·爱因斯坦，一个朴实的人，也是 20 世纪最伟大的科学家。
(二)部分倒装(Partial Inversion)
只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有三种：
1．only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。如：
Only in this way can we learn English well.
只有以这种方法，我们才能学好英语。
Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
只有当他回来时，我们才查明了真相。
使用特点：
(1)在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则须找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。如：
(×)Only after the war learned he the sad news.
(√)Only after the war did he learn the sad news.
只是在战后他才知道那个悲惨的消息。
(2)only 修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。如：
(×)Only when did he return did we find out the truth.
(√)Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
只有当他回来的时候，我们才查明了真相。
(3)only 修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。如：
(×)Only can he answer the question.
(√)Only he can answer the question.
只有他能回答这个问题。
2．否定副词 never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely 及表否定意义的介词短
语 at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition 等置于句首
时。如：
Never before have I seen such a moving film.＝I have never seen such a moving film before.
以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。
Not a single mistake did he make.＝He didn't make a single mistake.
他一个错也没犯。
3．七个重要的固定句型：
(1)．..so＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语“……也是如此”。如：
They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities.
他们喜欢交很多朋友，那些有残疾的人也是如此。
【警示】
如果句意不是“……也是如此”，而仅是对前面内容的肯定或附加(此时的 so＝indeed)，那么，句子
不可使用倒装形式。试比较：
A：I was afraid. (句中的 I 指是说话者 A)
B：So was I. (I 指的是 B，此句意为：I was afraid, too.)
A：我害怕。
B：我也是。
A：I was afraid. (I 指的是 A)
B：So you were.
(you 指的也是 A。此句意为：Indeed you were afraid.)
A：我害怕。
B：你就是这样。
(2)．..neither(或 nor)＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语“……也不这样”。如：
Lily can't ride; neither (或 nor) can Lucy.
莉莉不会骑车，露西也不会。
此句型中的 neither(或 nor)不可用 so...not 替代，但可用 not...either 改写。如：
(×)I have never been abroad. So hasn't he.
(√)I have never been abroad. Neither/Nor has he.
(√)I have never been abroad. He has never/not been abroad, either.
我没出过国，他也没有。
(3)So＋adj./adv....that.../Such＋adj.＋n....＋that...“如此……以至于……”。如：
So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
他说英语如此清晰以至于别人都听得懂。
【警示】
在这个句型中，so/such 引导的句子要倒装，而 that 引导的句子不倒装。
(4)Neither...，nor...“……不……，……也不……”。如：
Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.
我不知道，也不关心。
【警示】
由于 neither 和 nor 都是否定词，所以其后面的分句均需倒装。
(5)Not only...，but also...“不仅……而且……”。如：
Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided
for people who need it.
不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些需要帮助的人提供医疗保健服务。
【警示】
此句型也可写成 Not only...but...或 Not only...but...as well 的形式，但 but (also)引导的句子
必须用正常语序。
(6)Not until...“直到……才……”。如：
Not until he returned did we have supper.
直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。
【警示】
①这句话可以改写成：We didn't have supper until he returned.再如：
Not until 4 00 in the morning can he fall asleep.
＝He can't fall asleep until 4 00 in the morning.
直到凌晨 4 点他才睡着。
②如果 not until 引导的是句子，until 从句不可倒装，只是主句需要倒装。
(7)hardly...when...，no sooner...than...“刚……就……”等引导两个句子时，前一个句子用部
分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。
Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.
他一听到这个消息就哭了。
(三)形式倒装(Formal Inversion)
形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是，只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。这样的结
构较多，但尤其要注意 as, though 引导让步状语从句时采用形式倒装的情况。
1．表语的倒装
Tired as/though he was, he still went on with his work.
尽管他很累，他还是继续工作。
2．谓语动词的倒装
Try as he might，he didn't pass the exam.
尽管很用功，但他考试还是不及格。
3．状语的倒装
Much as he likes the bike, he doesn't want to buy it.
他虽然很喜欢那辆自行车，但不想买它。
【警示】
如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词。如：
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
尽管他是孩子，但他懂得很多。
Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English the best.
他虽然是我们班年龄最小的，但英语说得最好。
知识点二、强调
It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋句子剩余成分
(一)强调人时可用 who/that 来连接，强调事物时用 that 来连接。
被强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状
语，但不能是定语或谓语。如：
It is I who/that am right.
我才是对的。(强调主语)
(二)强调句的特殊句式
强调句的特殊句式 结构构成
一般疑问句 Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋句子其他部分？
not until 句式 It is/was not until...＋that＋句子其他部分
not...but...句式 It is not...＋that...，but.../It is not...but...that...
Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?
第二次世界大战是在 1939 年爆发的吗？
When was it that you called me yesterday?
你昨天给我打电话是什么时候？
What is it that you want me to do?
你要我做什么？
I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
→It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
直到她摘掉墨镜我才认出她是著名影星。
(三)用助动词 do，does 或 did 来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do
还可以用于祈使句。
Do be careful while crossing the street.
过马路时一定要当心。
知识点三、省略
(一)定语从句中作宾语的关系代词 that, which, whom 常可以省略。
(二)状语从句中的省略现象
1．当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含 be 动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和 be 动
词。
Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.
While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.
当我正在沿着大街走时，我听见有人叫我的名字。
The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.
展览比预料的更有趣。
He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.
他张了张嘴好像有话要说。
2．当从句中的主语是 it，谓语动词中又含有系动词 be 时，可以把 it 和系动词 be 一起省略。此时构
成连词(if, unless, when, whenever)＋形容词。如：
Unless (it is) necessary, you'd better not refer to the dictionary.
如果没必要，你最好别查词典。
另外，我们还可以用 so 或 not 代替上文内容，此时可有“if＋so/not”省略句式：If so 和 If not。
He may not be at home then. If so (If he is not at home), leave him a note.
他那时也许不在家。如果不在家的话，给他留下个便条。
(三)不定式的省略
1．单独使用不定式符号 to，代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常用在 be afraid, expect, forget, hope,
intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish 等后边。如：
I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to.
2．否定形式的省略用 not to。
—Shall I go instead of him?
—I prefer you not to.
——我可以代替他去吗？
——我宁可你不去。
3．如果不定式中含有 be，have，have been，通常保留 be，have 和 have been。如：
—Are you a sailor?
—No, but I used to be.
——你是个海员吗？
——不是，但我以前是。
—He hasn't finished yet.
—Well, he ought to have.
——他还没完成。
——哦，他早该完成了。
(四)宾语从句中的省略
1．由 which, when, where, how 和 why 引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省去，只保留引导词。
Please pass me one of these books, I don't care which(you pass me)．
请递给我一本书，随便哪一本。
He will come back, but he doesn't know when (he will come back)．
他会回来的，但他不知道什么时候回来。
2．由 that 引导的宾语从句，连词 that 可省略，若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个 that 可省略，其
余不能。
He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
他说这篇课文非常重要，我们应该背下来。
知识点四、主谓一致
(一)并列主语的主谓一致
1．两个单数名词用 and 连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词常用复数形式。如：
Tom and Jack were close friends.
汤姆和杰克是亲密的朋友。
2．两个单数名词用 and 连接，表示同一人、同一物、同一个概念或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语动词
仍用单数形式。如：
The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.
那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。
3．被 every, each, many a, no 等限定的单数名词由 and 连接时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。其中，后
一个限定词可省略。如：
Each boy and (each) girl has an apple.
每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。
4．一个单数名词被几个用 and 连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语，
要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数。如：
What he says and does do not agree.
他言行不一致。
Simple and plain living is a fine quality.
生活俭朴是一种优良的品质。
English and American literature are appealing to her.
英国文学和美国文学都对她有吸引力。
5．由 and 连接的两个 what 从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数。如：
What he says and does does not concern me.
他的言行与我无关。
6．由 or, nor, either...or，neither...nor, not only...but (also)连接的并列主语，通常根据就
近原则，谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。如：
One or two friends are coming this evening.
今天晚上有一两个朋友要来。
Neither I nor he is in favour of her marriage.
我和他都不赞成她的婚姻。
7．“单数名词＋with, along with, together with, as well as, rather than, as much as, but,
except 等＋名词”作主语时，谓语仍用单数形式。 如：
Dr. Smith, together with his wife, is to arrive on the evening flight.
史密斯博士及其夫人将乘晚班飞机抵达。
Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory.
除了一个老师和三个学生外，没有人在实验室里。
(二)某些名词作主语时的主谓一致
1．集体名词 family, class, crew, team, group, public, audience, crowd, government, committee
等作主语时，动词的单复数形式要根据主语所指的意义而定。当把集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动
词常用单数形式；如果指其中各个成员时，谓语动词常用复数形式。如：
The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.
这个班由 25 个男生和 20 个女生组成。
The class are doing experiments.
全班学生正在做实验。
2．由两部分构成的表示物体的名词，如 trousers, pants, jeans, compasses, glasses, shorts 等
作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了 a pair of 或 two/three/...pairs of 来修饰，
谓语动词的数往往取决于 pair 的单复数形式。如：
Your glasses are very nice.
你的眼镜很漂亮。
This pair of trousers is mine.
这条裤子是我的。
(三)数词与量词作主语的主谓一致
1．表示时间、重量、距离、价格、体积等的名词的复数形式作主语，通常当作整体看待，谓语动词用
单数形式。如：
Twenty years is a long time in one's life.
20 年在人的一生中是很长的一段时间。
2．分数和百分数修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数取决于它们表示的意义。
试比较：
About one third of the books are worth reading.
这些书中大约有 1/3 值得读一读。
3．有“kind(form, type, sort, species, portion, series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取
决于这些词的单复数。如：
This new type of buses is on show.
这种新型的公共汽车现在正在展出。
All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome.
必须克服各种各样的困难。
4．如果主语由“many a/more than one＋单数名词”构成，谓语动词常用单数。如：
Many a page in this book is missing.
这本书缺了许多页。
5．a quantity of 及 quantities of 后既可接复数名词，亦可接不可数名词；a quantity of...作主
语时谓语动词的单数形式取决于后面的名词是否可数；而 quantities of...作主语时谓语总用复数形式。
如：
With more forests being destroyed, a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each
year.
＝With more forests being destroyed, quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走了。
(四)从句中的主谓一致
1．在用 it 作形式主语的句子中和在用 it 构成的强调句型中，谓语动词常用单数。如：
It isn't obvious which route would be the best.
哪条路线会是最好的还不明显。
It was he who taught us English last year.
去年是他教我们英语。(强调句型)
知识点五、其他特殊句式
(一)祈使句的固定句式
1．祈使句＋and＋简单句表示“如果……就……”
2．祈使句＋or＋简单句表示“……否则……”
(二)感叹句的固定句式
1．What a(an)＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
2．What＋形容词＋复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
3．How＋形容词＋a(an)＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
4．How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
(三)反义疑问句
1．主从复合句，与主句的主谓语保持一致。但当陈述部分是 I (We) think/believe/expect/suppose
加从句时，疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。
2．must 表示猜测时的反意疑问句
(1)“must be”对现在情况进行推测作一般现在时或现在进行时的附加疑问句进行处理。
3．陈述部分是祈使句，疑问尾句用 will you；但如果陈述部分是 let's 开头的祈使句，疑问尾句用
shall we。
高频考点一、考查强调句型
例 1、【2018·天津】It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we
saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A. which B. that
C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考
查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主
语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语 only when the car pulled up in front of our house。
故选 B。
【变式探究】（2017•天津）It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across
my new neighbors.
A. who B. where C. which D. that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词 It was 开头，后面
连词首选 that，，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉 It was 和 that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句
型。故选 D。
【变式探究】You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up
tourists.
【答案】that 【解析】句意：你等错地方了。长途汽车来宾馆接游客。本题考查强调句型：It is/was
＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。本句中 at the hotel 是被强调部分，缺强调句式中的 that，故填 that。
【变式探究】 Was it because Jack came late for school ______ Mr. Smith got angry?
A. why B. who C. where D. that
【考点】考察强调句型的一般疑问句
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查的特殊句式中强调句的一般疑问句。强调句的基本结构“It is/was+被强调成分
that/who+其他成分”。本题强调的成分较为特殊，强调的是原因状语从句 because Jack came late for
school。句意：斯密斯先生是因为 Jack 上学迟到才生气的吗？故 D 正确。
【举一反三】It was only after he had read the papers ________ Mr. Gross realized the task
before him was extremely difficult to complete.
A．when B．that
C．which D．what
【答案】B
【解析】句意：只有他看了论文之后，克洛斯先生才意识到摆在他面前的任务很难完成。本题为强调
句型，其结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that...，故 B 项正确。
高频考点二、考查倒装句
例 2．(2019·天津卷)The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile
phones in his class.
A．should they B．they should
C．dare they D．they dare
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装和情态动词。句意：教授警告学生说在他的课上绝对不应该使用手机。on no
account(绝对不)具有否定意义，置于句首时，句子应使用部分倒装结构；再结合句意“不应该”可知，应
选 A。
【举一反三】（2017•江苏） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not
overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it
C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be 动词统一用 were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把 if
省略，同时把 were/should/had 提前，即 Were /Should/ Had I...，故选 B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，
该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
【变式探究】Not until recently ______the development of tourist-related activities in the
rural areas.
A. they had encouraged B. had they encouraged
C. did they encourage D. they encouraged
【答案】C
【解析】句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。当 not until 所引导的时
间状语放在句首时，主句要使用部分倒装。故 C 项正确。
【变式探究】No sooner ________ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous
applause.
A. had Mo Yan B. Mo Yan had C. has Mo Yan D. Mo Yan has
【答案】A
【解析】本题中的固定句式 no sooner… than…一…就…；当否定词放在句首的时候，主句中要使用
部分倒装的形式。句义：莫言一走上舞台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。根据句义可知莫言走上舞台是在
观众鼓掌之前，而观众鼓掌已经使用了一般过去时，在这之前的动作要使用过去完成时。同时要使用倒装
句式。故 A 正确。
【举一反三】Only when you can find peace in your heart _____good relationships with others.
A. will you keep B. you will keep C. you kept D. did you keep
【答案】A
【解析】本题考察的是 only 的倒装句。当 only 放在句首，且强调的是状语的时候，需要使用部分倒
装的形式。本题中 only 放在了句首，强调的是时间状语从句 when you can find peace in your heart，
所以后面的主句要使用倒装句。D 项的时态错误。句义：只有当你取得内心的安宁以后，你才可以和别人保
持良好的关系。故 A 正确。
高频考点三 主谓一致
例 3．【2019·江苏卷】 22.The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances
in the last three months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完
成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除 AD 选项。本
句主语为 the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故
谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选 B。
【举一反三】(2017·江苏卷)The publication of Great Expectations，which________both widely
reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
A．is B．are
C．was D．were
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，which 指代 Great Expectations 这本书，故定语
从句中的谓语动词应该使用单数形式；根据句中的 strengthened 可知，应使用一般过去时态。故答案为 C。
【举一反三】It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made
each day and often ________ years to achieve.
A．is；takes B．are；takes
C．are；take D．is；take
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：重要的是要记住，成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的总和，它常常
需要很多年的时间才能实现。此处 success 是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选 A 项。
【变式探究】The scientists claimed that only now and then ________ this kind of bird living
in the wild.
A．they could see B．could they see
C．they have seen D．have they seen
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和倒装。句意：科学家们称他们只是偶尔能看到处于野生状态的这种鸟。分析句子
结构可知，“only＋状语”位于宾语从句句首，从句的主语和谓语应用倒装。结合句中的“claimed”“now
and then”及选项可知，此处陈述过去的某种事实，应用一般过去时。故选 B。
【变式探究】Among the biggest problems facing those remote mountainous villages ________ the
lack of experienced teachers.
A．is B．are
C．is there D．are there
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装句和主谓一致。表示方位的介词短语置于句首时，句子要用全部倒装，而本题中的
介词短语“Among the biggest problems facing those remote mountainous villages”正是表示抽象的
方位的，所以本句要用全部倒装，而且主语为单数名词 the lack，故选 A 项。
高频考点四 省略
例 4． Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands.
A．to leave B．leaving
C．leave D．left
【答案】D
【解析】考查省略句。句意：如果落在不合适的人的手中，电子游戏就会有一个很坏的影响。leave 的
逻辑主语是 video games，主语 video games 与 leave 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。if left...是“连
词＋过去分词”构成的状语从句的省略。
【举一反三】If ________ for the job，you’ll be informed soon.
A．to accept B．accept
C．accepting D．accepted
【答案】D
【解析】考查省略句。句意：如果你被接受做这份工作，你很快就会接到通知。句中 you 与 accept 之
间为被动关系，应用过去分词，所以答案为 D。本题中 if 之后省略了主语和 be 动词，补充完整为：If you
are accepted for the job，you’ll be informed soon.。
【变式探究】The climate here is quite pleasant，the temperature rarely，________，reaching
30℃ in summer.
A．if not B．if ever
C．if any D．if so
【答案】B
【解析】考查省略句。句意：这里的气候宜人，如果曾经有的话，在夏季气温极少达到 30 摄氏度。if
not 如果不；if ever 如果曾经有，如果曾经发生；if any 如果有的话；if so 如果是这样的话。根据句中
的关键词 quite pleasant(宜人)，rarely(极少)可知，空格处表达的意思是“如果曾经有(if ever)”。
【变式探究】The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police
________．
A．not to do B．not to
C．not do D．do not
【答案】B
【解析】考查省略。句意：那个司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。这里为了避免重
复，省略与前文相同的部分，只保留不定式符号 to。补充完整后应为“was asked by the police not to park
his car near the roadside”。
高频考点五 其他特殊句式
例 5．(2018·北京卷)In any unsafe situation, simply ________ the button and a highly－trained
agent will get you the help you need.
A．press B．to press
C．pressing D．pressed
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下按钮，一个训练有素的代理人就会
给你需要的帮助。根据句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，所以用动词原形。
【举一反三】—I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，________ you?
A．mustn’t B．haven’t
C．didn’t D．hadn’t
【答案】C
【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：——去年夏天，我在伦敦度过了两个星期。——那么，在此期间你
肯定参观了英国博物馆，是不是？must have done 结构在句中表示对过去事情的肯定推测，当句末有反意
疑 问 的 语 气 时 ， 可 分 为 两 种 情 况 ： (1) 句 中 没 有 明 确 的 过 去 时 间 状 语 时 ， 反 意 疑 问 句 结 构 为
“haven’t/hasn’t...？”；(2)句中有明确的过去时间状语时，反意疑问句结构为“didn’t...？”。
根据题干中的过去时间状语 last summer 以及 during your stay 可知，反意疑问句的结构应用第二种情况。
【变式探究】Every day ________ a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.
A．read B．reading
C．to read D．reads
【答案】A
【解析】考查祈使句。句意：每天都要大声朗读几遍谚语，直到你能背诵为止。连词 until 引导时间
状语从句，前面为主句，主句是一个祈使句，故选 A。
【变式探究】The old president of that company must have donated most of his money to the charity
and those in need, ________？
A．didn’t he B．doesn’t he
C．hasn’t he D．mustn’t he
【答案】C
【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：那个公司年迈的董事长肯定把他大部分的钱捐献给了慈善机构和那
些贫困的人，不是吗？当 must 用来表示对过去情况进行推测(must have done)时，如果强调动作的完成(此
时句中一般没有表示过去的时间状语)，反意疑问句部分用“haven’t/hasn’t＋主语”。
1.（2019·新课标 I 卷）Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are
declining, six _____ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】are
【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据 three are declining，此处数词 six 作主语，代指前文中的“polar
bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填 are。
2．(2019·天津卷)The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile
phones in his class.
A．should they B．they should
C．dare they D．they dare
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装和情态动词。句意：教授警告学生说在他的课上绝对不应该使用手机。on no
account(绝对不)具有否定意义，置于句首时，句子应使用部分倒装结构；再结合句意“不应该”可知，应
选 A。
1.【2018·北京】In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained
agent will get you the help you need.
A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed
【答案】A
【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就
会使你得到你需要的帮助。and 是连词，连接并列结构，and 后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子，选
项中只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非谓语动词，无法构成句子。故 A 选项正确。
2.【2018·天津】 It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw
Lily in the passenger seat.
A. which B. that
C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考
查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主
语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语 only when the car pulled up in front of our house。
故选 B。
1．（2017•江苏） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome
her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it
C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be 动词统一用 were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把 if
省略，同时把 were/should/had 提前，即 Were /Should/ Had I...，故选 B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，
该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
2．（2017•江苏） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome
her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be 动词统一用 were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把 if
省略，同时把 were/should/had 提前，即 Were /Should/ Had I...，故选 B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，
该 生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
3．（2017·江苏卷·单项填空） ____________ not for the support of the teachers, the student
could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中，be 动词统一用 were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把 if
省略，同时把 were/should/had 提前，即 Were /Should/ Had I...，故选 B。
4．（2017•江苏） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome
her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be 动词统一用 were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把 if
省
略，同时把 were/should/had 提前，即 Were /Should/ Had I...，故选 B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，
该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
5．（2017•江苏） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome
her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it
C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be 动词统一用 were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把 if
省略，同时把 were/should/had 提前，即 Were /Should/ Had I...，故选 B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，
该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
6.(2017·江苏卷) ____________ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not
overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中，be 动词统一用 were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把 if
省略，同时把 were/should/had 提前，即 Were /Should/ Had I...，故选 B。
7．（2017•江苏） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome
her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be 动词统一用 were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把 if
省略，同时把 were/should/had 提前，即 Were /Should/ Had I...，故选 B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，
该 生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
8．（2017•天津）It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.
A. who B. where C. which D. that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词 It was 开头，后面
连词首选 that，，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉 It was 和 that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句
型。故选 D。
1．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，50)It could be anything—gardening，cooking，music，sports—but whatever
it is，________(make)sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
【答案】make
【解析】句意：它可以是园艺、烹饪、音乐、运动等任何事情，但是，无论它是什么，务必保证它是
让你释放压力而不是让你担忧的事。句中动词短语置于句首，构成祈使句，故用动词原形。
2．(2016·天津，13)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach
picks up tourists.
【答案】that
【解析】句意：你等错地方了。长途汽车来宾馆接游客。本题考查强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分
＋that/who＋其他。本句中 at the hotel 是被强调部分，缺强调句式中的 that，故填 that。
3.【2016·江苏】34.Not until recently ______the development of tourist-related activities
in the rural areas.
A. they had encouraged B. had they encouraged
C. did they encourage D. they encouraged
【答案】C
【解析】句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。当 not until 所引导的时
间状语放在句首时，主句要使用部分倒装。故 C 项正确。
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