2021年高考英语二轮复习介词和代词考点讲解(附解析)
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2021年高考英语二轮复习介词和代词考点讲解(附解析)

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时间:2021-04-02

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介词和代词 知识点一、表示时间的介词 1.in,on,at,over (1)in 表示在一段时间之内。通常时间较长,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、 中、晚等。如: in the 1950s,in 1989,in summer,in January,in one's thirties,in the morning 等。 (2)on 表示具体的某一天及其早、中、晚。如: on May 1st,on Monday,on a cold night in January, on a fine morning 等。 (3)at 表示在一个时间点上。指某一时刻或较短暂的时间,也泛指圣诞节,复活节等。如: at 3:20,at this time of year,at Christmas,at night,at this moment 等。 (4)over 后面接一段时间,表示“超过……”或“在……期间”。如: David Crum, the CEO of Geldart Software, announced that the corporation would open three branches in Bangkok over the next several months. (5)在 last,next,this,that,some,every 等词之前一律不用介词。如: He went to Japan last year. We meet every day. 2.in,after (1)“in+一段时间”表示将来的一段时间之后。如: My mother will come back in three or four days. (2)“after+一段时间”表示过去的一段时间之后。如: He arrived after five months. (3)“after+具体时间”表示将来或过去的某一时刻之后。如: She will appear after five o'clock this afternoon. The rain began to fall after seven. 3.from,since,for (1)from 后接具体时间,说明从什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久。如: I hope to do morning exercises from today. (2)since 后接具体过去时间,表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用。如: We have not seen each other since 2010. (3)for 后接一段时间,通常与完成时连用。如: I have been in the army for 5 years. 知识点二、表示地点方位的介词 1.at,in,on,to (1)at 表示在小地方或“在……附近;在……旁边”。如: He arrived at the station at ten. He is sitting at the desk. (2)in 表示在大地方或“在……范围之内”。如: He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. Shandong lies in the east of China. (3)on 表示毗邻或接壤。如: Russia lies on the north of China. (4)to 表示“在……范围外”,不强调是否接壤。如: Japan is to the east of China. 2.above,over,on (1)above 意为“在……上方”,只表示位置高于某物但不强调是否垂直,与 below 相对。如: The bird is flying above my head. (2)over 意为“在……之上”,表示垂直高于,与 under 相对。over 强调与物体有一定的空间,不直 接接触。如: There is a bridge over the river. (3)on 意为“在……之上”,表示在某物体上面并与之接触。如: He put his watch on the desk. 2.above,over,on (1)above 意为“在……上方”,只表示位置高于某物但不强调是否垂直,与 below 相对。如: The bird is flying above my head. (2)over 意为“在……之上”,表示垂直高于,与 under 相对。over 强调与物体有一定的空间,不直 接接触。如: There is a bridge over the river. (3)on 意为“在……之上”,表示在某物体上面并与之接触。如: He put his watch on the desk. 知识点三、表示运动方向的介词 1.across,over,through (1)across 表示从物体表面穿过,与 on 有关。如: across the playground/square/desert/river (2)over 表示动作是在空中进行的。如: He jumped over the wall. (3)through 表示从物体里面穿过,与 in 有关。也可表示时间,指“(从开始到结束)经历了……”。如: through the pipe/forest/door We work hard all through the year. 2.in,into (1)in 通常表示静态,意为“在……里面”。如: We walked in the park. 我们在公园里走着。 (2)into 通常表示动态,意为“进入到……里面”。如: We walked into the park. 我们走进了公园。 知识点四、表示原因的介词 1.for 表示原因时,常与 sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame 等词连用。如: I am sorry for what I said to you. 2.at 表示引起某种情感变化的原因,常与表示看、听或喜、怒、吃惊的词连用,意为“因听到或看到…… 而……”。如: He was surprised at the news. 3.from 常接抽象名词表示自然、间接或外在的原因,如受伤、车祸等。如: He died from the wound. 4.of 多用于表示自身或内在的原因,如病、饿等。如: The old man died of hunger. 5.with 指生理上或情感上由外界到内心的原因。如: Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. He was shaking with anger. 6.by 表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。如: She took your umbrella by mistake. 她错拿了你的雨伞。 7.over 一般用于 cry,weep,laugh 等带有感情色彩的动词后,表示所发生的事情的原因。如: She wept over the death of her daughter. We laughed over the victory. 8.because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。如: He retired last month because of his illness. 9.thanks to 表示引起某种幸运结果的原因,常译为“幸亏……,多亏……”。如: Thanks to John, we won the game. 知识点五、表示计量的介词 1.at 表示“以……速度;以……价格”。如: It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. I sold my car at a high price. 2.for 表示“用……交换;以……为代价”。如: He sold his car for 500 dollars. 注意:at 表示单价,for 表示总钱数。 3.by 表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。如: They paid him by the month. 注意:by 后接具体度量单位要加 the。 知识点六、表示工具或手段的介词 1.by 意为“用某种方式”,后面的名词不带冠词。如: I went there by bus. 2.with 表示“用某种工具”,后面的名词需带冠词。如: He broke the window with a stone. 3.in 表示“用”时,后面的宾语不带冠词,且多为铅笔、墨水、颜色、语言等。如: I hate letters written in pencil. We will never forget this historical lesson written in blood. 4.on 表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。如: They talked on the telephone. She learns English on the radio/on TV. 知识点七、表示“在……之间”的介词 1.between 表示在两者之间。如: You are to sit between your father and me. 2.among 表示在三者或三者以上之间。如: He is always happy among his classmates. 3.有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,但强调多者中的两两关系时用 between。如: Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany. Pay attention to the relationship between the sentences in your composition. 知识点八、表示“除了”的介词 1.besides 表示“除……之外,还有……”。如: We all went to see the film besides you. 除你之外我们也都去看电影了。 2.except 表示“除……外,把……除去”。如: We all went to see the film except you. 除你之外我们都去看电影了。 3 . but 与 except 同 义 , 但 多 用 于 不 定 代 词 no one/nobody/nothing/everything/all 和 副 词 nowhere/anywhere 以及疑问代词 who 之后。如: I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper. 4.except for 表示“如无……就……,只是……”,多表明理由细节。如: His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 5.except that 表示“除……外,把……除去”,后面接句子。如: I know nothing about him except that he is from Beijing. 6.apart from 在不同的上下文中,既有 besides 的含义,又有 except 和 except for 的含义,要根据 上下文来判别。如: Apart from/Besides English,he has a good command of Russian and French. He has no interests,apart from/except his work. It's a good paper,apart from/except for a few spelling mistakes. 知识点九、介词与某些词类的习惯搭配 高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。 1.名词词组:如 on the contrary 相反;in turn 依次;in one's opinion 根据某人的看法;on time 准时;out of reach 够不着 2.动词词组:如 remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事;rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人的……;result from 由……引起;call at 访问(某地) 3.形容词词组:如 be curious about 对……好奇;be proud of 因……而自豪;be popular with 受 到……的欢迎 4.介词短语:如 apart from 除……之外;in addition to 除……之外(还);because of 因为;instead of 代替;in fear of 为……提心吊胆;for fear of 以免;in case of 防备,万一;thanks to 由于;in the middle of 在……中间 according to 根据;in front of 在……前面;in return for 作为对……的回报; in charge of 负责;as a result of 作为……的结果;in exchange for 与……交换等。 知识点十:both,all,either,each,every,neither,none 的用法 1.both,either,neither 用于两者。both 意为“两者都”;either 意为“两者中的任何一个”;neither 意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。如: Both the boys are clever.两个男孩每个都很聪明。 Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。 Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。 2.all,none,each,every 用于多者。all 意为“全部都”,指可数的东西时为复数,指不可数的东 西时为单数;none 意为“全都不,任何一个都不”,指可数的东西时可为单数或复数,指不可数的东西时 为单数;each 和 every 意为“每一个”,为单数,两者都能作定语用,但 each 还可作主语、宾语和同位语。 All of the students are there. All (of) the milk is there. Every student in our school works hard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。 Each student may have an edictionary./Each of the students has an edictionary./The students each have an edictionary. 每个学生都可有一本电子词典。 知识点十一:some 和 any 的用法 1.表示“一些”时,some 常用于肯定句;any 常用于否定、疑问或条件句中。如: If you have any questions, please ask me. 2.在疑问句中可用 some,表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。如: Would you like some coffee? 3.some 可接单数名词表示“某一个”;any 可接单数名词表示“任何一个”。如: I remember having read this article in some magazine. Here are three novels.You may read any. 知识点十二:复合不定代词的用法 由 some,any,no,every 加上body,one,thing 构成的不定代词,叫复合不定代词。 1.some 构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句,意为“某人或某物,重要的人或事”。如: Somebody is waiting outside. I have something for you. She thinks she's something since she won the prize. 获奖之后,她觉得自己了不起了。 2.any 构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中,意为“随便某个人或物,无论什 么人或物,什么人或物都可以”。如: Does anybody else want to go? There isn't anything in the box. If anyone wants to go on the trip, register here please! 有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如: Anybody can work out that simple maths problem. You can take anything you like. 3.no 构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。如: I know nothing about it. There is nobody here. 4.every 构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物,每个人或物”。everything 还可表示“最重要的人或物”。 如: Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation. She does everything to help her mother. Her son is everything to her. 对她来说儿子就是一切。 知识点十三:the other,other,another,others,the others 的区别 the other/ other the other 可单独使用,特指两个人或物中的“另一个”;也可修饰名词表示“另 外的……”。other 不能单独使用,只能修饰名词,表示泛指意义 anothe r 可单独使用,也可修饰名词,泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”,代替 或修饰单数可数名词。另外 another 后可接“基数词/few+复数名词”形式,表示“另 外的……(多少)” others / the others others 只能单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与 some 一起出 现;特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用 the others He is willing to help others/other people. Twenty of the students in our class have been to Beijing. The other students/The others have not. Some of us like football, and others are fond of basketball. We need another five chairs/five more chairs. 知识点十四:none,no one,nobody,nothing 的区别 none 既可指人,也可指物;侧重数量,通常指三者或三 者以上的人或物;后可接 of 短语;作主语时谓语动词可 用单数,也可用复数;常用来回答由 how many/much 引 导的疑问句 —How much money do you have? —None. no one/ nobody 只能指人;是泛指概念,常用来回答由 who 引导的 疑问句;不与 of 短语连用;作主语时,谓语动词用单数 —Who is in the room? —Nobody./No one. nothin g 只能指物,且表泛指概念;常用来回答由 what 引导 的疑问句 —What are you doing now? —Nothing. 知识点十五:替代词的用法和区别 it 替代前面提到过的同一个人或者物 —Have you found your pen? —No, I haven't found it. one/one s one 用来替代前面出现的单数名 词,是泛指概念,相当于 a/an+单数 名词。其复数形式为 ones I think this book is better than the one I read last time. These shoes are not good enough. Show me some better ones. that/ those that 用来替代前面出现的同类的 名词,是同类替代,但并非同一个,可 以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词。 指代单数可数名词相当于 the one。其 复数形式为 those,相当于 the ones The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Nanjing in winter. 知识点十六:it 的用法 1.it 可用于无人称句,表示自然现象、季节、时间、距离、环境等。如: It is getting warmer and warmer. It was already ten o'clock when he arrived home. It's ten minutes' walk from here to our school. It's very quiet at the moment. 2.it 可代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。如: It's important for us to learn a second language. We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 3.熟记下列有关 it 的固定句型 make it;get it;keep it up;see to it that;put it 高频考点一、考查介词辨析 例 1.【2018·北京】—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office. —Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon. A. for B. on C. in D. at 【答案】A 【解析】考查介词。句意:——早上好,Lee 先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午(和 Mr. Lee 见面)。make an appointment for 意为“为……预约”,是固定搭配,故 A 选项正确。 【变式探究】(2017·北京)Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry. A. at B. in C. on D. by 【答案】B 【解析】许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词 in,不用 by,因为 by 后面通常接做什 么事情来谋生,此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里,在这个行业里谋生,用 in,故选 B。 【变式探究】I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm always too busy to carry ________ a conversation with her. 【答案】on 【解析】句意:我不喜欢她在我工作时给我打电话——我总是太忙,不能和她进行会话。carry on“继 续进行,从事”,符合句意。 【变式探究】Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃____ the average. A. below B. on C. at D. above 【答案】D 【解析】句意:去年是有纪录以来最热的一年,全球平均气温上升 0.68 度。With 的宾语 global temperature ,宾语补足 above the average。 高频考点二、考查介词短语辨析 例 2. (2019·江苏卷)Favorable policies are ________ to encourage employees’ professional development. A.in effect B.in command C.in turn D.in shape 【答案】A 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:有利的政策正在有效地鼓励员工的职业发展。in effect“有效”。 【举一反三】【2018·江苏】 China’s soft power grows _______ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally. A. in line with B. in reply to C. in return for D. in honour of 【答案】A 【解析】句意:中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with 按照; 与...一致;B. in reply to 答复;C. in return for 作为 ... 的报酬;D. in honour of 为纪念。故选 A。 【变式探究】These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen. A. in memory of B. in response to C. in touch with D. in possession of 【答案】B 【解析】句意:这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。A. in memory of 意为纪念, B. in response to 意为回应,C. in touch with 意为联系,D. in possession of 意为拥有。分析句子成 分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用,根据常识和句意,评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案应该是 B. in response to 回应。 高频考点三、考查介词或介词短语的用法 例 3、(2019·天津卷)________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances. A.According to B.Instead of C.In addition to D.In spite of 【答案】D 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:尽管存在各种问题,但是其中的一些选手还是表现出色。A 项意为 “根据”;B 项意为“代替”;C 项意为“除……以外”;D 项意为“尽管”。结合句意可知,应选 D。 【举一反三】【2018·天津】Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________. A. at first B. after all C. above all D. at random 【答案】B 【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。句意:鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会,因为他不得不写一份报 告,但他终究去了。A. at first 起初;B. after all 毕竟,终究。C. above all 首先;D. at random 随 便地。根据前面的转折连词可知,与前面情况相反,故选 B。 【变式探究】(2017·江苏)Determining where we are ____________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. A. in contrast to B. in defense of C. in face of D. in relation to 【答案】D 【解析】考查介词短语。句意:根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。A. in contrast to 对比,截然不同;B. in defense of 为……辩护;C. in face of 面对;D. in relation to 与……有关。故选 D。 【变式探究】That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help .______, he's reliable. A. Or else B. In short C. By the way D. For one thing 【答案】B 【解析】句意:这个年轻人是诚实的,有合作精神的,当你需要他的帮助的时候,总是在那里。简言 之,他是可靠的。A.否则;B.简言之;C.顺便说一下;D.首先。故选 B。 高频考点四 all, both, any, either, neither, none 的辨析 例 4.It's an eitheror situation — we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do ________. A.others B.either C.another D.both 【答案】D 【解析】句意:这是一种二选一的情况,我们今年要么买一辆新车,要么去度假,但两者不可兼得。 空格处表示部分否定,应用 not ... both,故选 D。 【变式探究】I've lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like ________ of them very much. A.either B.any C.each D.another 【答案】A 【解析】句意:我在纽约和芝加哥住过,但是我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。题干中提到“芝加哥”和 “纽约”两个城市,根据转折词 but 可知,后面的意思应为“两个都不喜欢”,所以选 A。 【变式探究】Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost ________ of her enthusiasm for life. A.some B.neither C.none D.all 【答案】C 【解析】句意:虽然罗斯玛丽多年身患重病,但是她一点也没有失去对生活的热情。根据句意可知, 此处表示“一点儿也不,一点儿也没有”,所以应用 none。 高频考点五 another, the other, (the) others, the rest 的辨析 例 5.Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ________. A.another B.the other C.one another D.one 【答案】A 【解析】句意:回收是保护环境的一种方法;而重复使用是另一种。another 表示“(三者及三者以上 的)另一个”;the other 表示“(两者中的)另一个”;one another“相互”;one“一”。 【变式探究】To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ________ of her colleagues. A.that B.one C.ones D.those 【答案】A 【解析】句意:使黛拉高兴的是,她首先赢得了她的学生的信任,然后又获得了同事的信任。空后面 的 of her colleagues 与前面的 of her students 是同样的结构,因此此空应该选择 that 来替代 the trust, 以避免重复。 高频考点六 it, one, ones, the one(s), that 和 those 的辨析 例 6. (2019·天津卷)A study shows the students who are engaged in afterschool activities are happier than ________ who are not. A.ones B.those C.these D.them 【答案】B 【解析】考查代词。句意:一项研究表明,参加课后活动的学生比不参加课后活动的学生更快乐。本 句中为了避免重复,需用 those 代替 the students。故选 B。 【举一反三】The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ________ on the small ones. A.one B.this C.that D.it 【答案】C 【解析】句意:大街上的绿灯比小街上的绿灯亮得时间更长。that 在此处替代前面提到的 traffic, 以避免重复。one 泛指可数名词单数;this 通常指代下文要提到的事情;it 指代上文出现的同一事物。 【变式探究】At our factory there are a few machines similar to ________ described in this magazine. A.them B.these C.those D.ones 【答案】C 【解析】句意:我们工厂里的一些机器与这本杂志里描述的那些机器很相似。空格处应用 those 表特 指,替代前面出现的复数可数名词 machines。注意题干中 machines 后有限制语 described in this magazine, 故不能用表泛指的 ones,若选 ones,则应在其前加上 the。 【变式探究】Half of ________ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears. A.these B.some C.ones D.those 【答案】D 【解析】句意:来自 16 个国家的受访人当中有一半人说,在他们有最强烈的愿望和最恐惧的时候,他 们首先想到他们最亲近的朋友。所以这里用 those 来指代前面提到的那些被调查的人。 高频考点七 复合不定代词的辨析 例 7. ________ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it. A.Anybody B.Everybody C.Nobody D.Somebody 【答案】C 【解析】句意:没有人能持续四十年把某件事做得很好,除非他热爱它。根据句意可知,空处应用 Nobody。 【变式探究】 This project requires close teamwork. ________ will be achieved unless we work well together. A.Nothing B.Anything C.Something D.Everything 【答案】A 【解析】句意:这个项目需要密切的合作,除非我们通力合作,否则一事无成。根据句意可知此处应 用表示否定意义的词语,故选 A。 一、介词 1.【2019·江苏卷】27.Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional development. A. in effect B. in command C. in turn D. in shape 【答案】A 【解析】考查介词短语。句意:好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect 实际上;B. in command 指挥;C. in turn 轮流,依次;D. in shape 在外形上,处于良好的状态。故选 A。 2.【2019·新课标 I 卷】Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area. 【答案】of/for 【解析】考查介词用法。此处 tracking polar bear populations 作 Modern methods 的定语,用 of 连 接,“methods of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”,构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方 法”用 for。故填 of/for。 3.【2019·新课标 III 卷】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs, seven to be exact. 【答案】of 【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填 of。 4.【2019·浙江卷】But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear. 【答案】to 【解析】考查介词。句意:这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配,“……的 答案是……”。故填 to。 1.【2018·北京】—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office. —Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon. A. for B. on C. in D. at 【答案】A 【解析】考查介词。句意:——早上好,Lee 先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午(和 Mr. Lee 见面)。make an appointment for 意为“为……预约”,是固定搭配,故 A 选项正确。 2.【2018·江苏】China’s soft power grows _______ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally. A. in line with B. in reply to C. in return for D. in honour of 【答案】A 【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和 理解相一致。A. in line with 按照;与...一致;B. in reply to 答复;C. in return for 作为 ... 的 报酬;D. in honour of 为纪念。故选 A。 3.【2018·天津】Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________. A. at first B. after all C. above all D. at random 【答案】B 【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。句意:鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会,因为他不得不写一份报 告,但他终究去了。A. at first 起初;B. after all 毕竟,终究。C. above all 首先;D. at random 随 便地。根据前面的转折连词可知,与前面情况相反,故选 B。 1.(2017·江苏)Determining where we are ____________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. A. in contrast to B. in defense of C. in face of D. in relation to 【答案】D 【解析】考查介词短语。句意:根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。A. in contrast to 对比,截然不同;B. in defense of 为……辩护;C. in face of 面对;D. in relation to 与……有关。故选 D。 2.(2017·北京)Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry. A. at B. in C. on D. by 【答案】B 【解析】许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词 in,不用 by,因为 by 后面通常接做什 么事情来谋生,此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里,在这个行业里谋生,用 in,故选 B。 3.(2017•天津)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _____ trees that are over 1,000 years old. A. among B. against C. behind D. below 【答案】A 【解析】 句意:当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时,你将会位于超过百年历史的树木之间。 be among 位 于之间; be against 反对; be behind 在后面; be below 在之下。根据句意,故选 A。 1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,64)But my connection with pandas goes back ________ my days on a TV show in the mid1980s,when I was the first... 【答案】to 【解析】句意:但是我与熊猫之间的联系要追溯到 20 世纪 80 年代中期我在一档电视节 目的时候,那是我第一次……。go back to“追溯到”,是固定短语。 2.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,44)Most of us are more focused ________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. 【答案】on 【解析】句意:我们大多数人在早晨时对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。 be focused on 意为“集中于……”。 3.(2016·新课标Ⅲ,70)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example, most people traditionally eat ________ their hands. 【答案】with 【解析】句意:筷子并非被亚洲的所有国家(的人民)使用。例如在印度,大部分的人 习惯用手吃饭。with“用……”,符合句意。 4.(2016·四川,67)The mother continued to care for the young panda ________ more than two years. 【答案】for 【解析】句意:这位母亲持续照顾熊猫幼崽两年多。“for+一段时间”作时间状语, 表示“持续了一段时间”。 5.(2016·浙江,16)In this article,you need to back up general statements ________ specific examples. 【答案】with 【解析】句意:在这篇文章中,你需要用具体的例子来支持总的观点。根据句意及结 构可知,这里用介词 with 表示“用……”。 6.(2016·天津,8)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice ________ her opinion on the subject. 【答案】to 【解析】句意:在讨论刚开始时,玛丽一言不发,但最后她就这个主题发表了自己的观 点。give voice to“表达,吐露,发泄”,符合句意。 二、代词 1.【2019·天津卷】3.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are not. A. ones B. those C. these D. them 【答案】B 【解析】考查代词。句意:一项研究表明,参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空 格处代词与 the students 是对应关系,可以用 the ones 或者 those 替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的 复数名词,不能与 the students 形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选 B。 1.(2017 江苏)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of_____purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. A.which B.it’s C.whose D.whom 【答案】C 【解析】关系代词 whose 引导定语从句并且在定语从句中作 purpose 的定语。which,whom 在定语从句 中不能作定语,it’s 不能引导定语从句,故选 C。 2.(2017·江苏卷) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 【答案】C 【解析】分析句子结构可知,one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation 是定 语从句,先行词是 the World Food Programme,关系词在定语从句中作定语,修饰名词 purposes,所以用 关系代词 whose 引导,故选 C 项。句意:1963 年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一就是缓解世 界范围内的饥荒。 3. (2017·江苏卷)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词 the World Food Programme 在非限制性定语从句中作定语,修饰名词 purposes,所以用关系代词 whose 引导,故选 C 项。句意:1963 年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目 的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。 4.(2017·江苏) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of_____purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. A.which B.it’s C.whose D.whom 【答案】C 【解析】关系代词 whose 引导定语从句并且在定语从句中作 purpose 的定语。which, whom 在定语从句 中不能作定语,it’s 不能引导定语从句,故选 C。 1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,68)On my recent visit,I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by ________(it)mother. 答案 its 解析 句意:在我最近的一次参观中,可爱的三个月大的双胞胎中的一只被它的妈妈遗弃了。 由后面的 mother 可知,此处应用形容词性物主代词 its 表示所属关系。 2.(2016·四川,68)By that time,the panda no longer needed ________(it)mother for food. 答案 its 解析 句意:到那时,这只熊猫不再需要从它的母亲那里获取食物。此处用形容词性物主 代词 its 修饰 mother。 3.(2016·浙江,3)In many ways,the education system in the US is not very different from ________ in the UK. 答案 that 解析 句意:在很多方面,美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不一样。这里指代前面的 名词 education system,所以用 that。

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