备战2021届高考英语阅读理解分类训练卷——专题1 人物传记（2）（含解析）

备战2021年高考英语阅读理解分类训练卷 ——专题1 人物传记(2) 注意事项：1、本专题训练卷由高三英语教研组和备课组老师精选精编精改的题目。 2、题目难度合适，题目新颖，贴合高考，请同学们务必认真作答，提高自己！ 3、题目按照高考阅读理解形式进行编排，每卷4篇，15题。 A For days, Hunter Mollett had little to eat but he insisted on heading to Enterprise High School in Mississippi. He never complained; he’d simply do his work, hang about with friends and attend band practice. Finally, after four days, Hunter’s mom found some peas and cornmeal and made a meal for them. In high school, Mollett experienced various degrees of homelessness. However, as one of the smartest students in his grade, when struggling to find stable housing, he also wanted to attend Harvard University. Jackie Lewis first learned of his dream when she met him in her ninth-grade algebra class. “He told me he was going to Harvard,” she said, “but I was unsure if he was going to make it.” However, after having Mollett in class, Lewis changed her views on his chances in the Ivy League. Mollett first decided on Harvard when he was in Grade One when he was watching Boston Legal with his mother. He asked her how the characters became lawyers. She said they went to Harvard. Though he didn’t know if she was just joking, Mollett decided that was where he wanted to go. When Mollett’s teachers learned of his unstable housing, they started helping when they could. If Mollett needed some books, a teacher would buy them for him. If he needed a ride, someone would take him. Meanwhile, Mollett worked hard toward his goal of becoming a lawyer. He took his tests and started applying to colleges, including Mississippi State University and Harvard. Soon he learned Mississippi State University accepted him and offered him a full scholarship. Then he got an e-mail about financial aid at Harvard even before his university acceptance letter. He felt bewildered. “I sat there for 16 minutes just staring at my phone. I couldn’t believe I got in.” Mollett said. 1. What made Hunter Mollett set the goal of going to Harvard? A. His mother’s joke. B. The inspiration from a TV play. C. His friend’s encouragement. D. His teacher’s support and help. 2. Which word can replace the underlined word “bewildered” in Paragraph 6? A. Confused. B. Satisfied. C. Frustrated. D. Upset. 3. Which of the following words can best describe Mollett? A. Social and intelligent. B. Confident and patient. C. Ambitious and considerate. D. Determined and diligent. B When Rachel Ratelle saw a news video of a burned koala trying to climb a tree to safety in fire-ravaged（火灾肆虐的）Australia, she decided to do something about it. She looked up wildlife rescue and relief agencies in Australia to find out what they needed most. Besides donations, many organizations asked for hand-sewn and knitted pouches（袋子）and wraps for koalas and other animals that were burned or had lost their homes and parents in the fires. This idea attracted Ratelle, but there was just one problem. "I'd never sewn in my life," said Ratelle, 17, a senior at Rancho Buena Vista High School in Vista, US. "Giving money seemed like something too simple. But I wanted to directly help these animals by doing something myself, so I decided to learn how to sew." Over the next few months, Ratelle bought her own sewing machine and taught herself how to sew via videos online. Then she bought 18 yards of fabric and sewed 25 pouches of different sizes and shipped them off to Fir Australian Wildlife Needing Aid (FAWNA), one of several relief organizations that have rushed to rescue koalas, kangaroos and other species suffering from bums. A week later, she received a photo from FAWNA with a baby kangaroo in one of her larger pouches. "It made me feel like I contributed to the world and it showed how a simple act of kindness can go a long way," said Ratelle, who hopes to study biology for a future career as a nurse practitioner. "I plan to use my new sewing skills to help animals and people devastated by natural disaster," she said. Several craft union websites around the world have called for Australian relief by making the animal pouches. Karen Newberry and her two daughters Madison, 12 and Rochelle, 8, from San Diego also offered their help in such a way. For Newberry, "It was a big push that made us crafters, sewers realize there's something more we can do than just make things for ourselves," she said. 4. What do the first two paragraphs mainly talk about? A. What inspired Ratelle to learn to sew. B. What is needed to save koalas and other species. C. The poor living conditions of wild animals in Australia. D. Different ways to help koalas and other animals in Australia. 5. How did Ratelle feel when she received a photo from FAWNA? A. Surprised. B. Calm. C. Proud. D. Moved. 6. What does the underlined word "devastated" mean? A. Ruined B. Challenged C. Reduced D. Abandoned 7. What do Newberry's words in the last paragraph suggest? A. People should stay united through difficult times. B. Life is not easy for crafters and sewers in Australia. C. It is challenging for crafters and sewers to do relief work. D. Crafters and sewers can do more to help animals. C I. M. Pei, one of the best-known architects of the 20th century, has died. He was 102. Born in China, Ieoh Ming Pei moved to the United States in 1935 to study architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University. Pei’s works around the world include museums, government buildings, hotels, schools and other structures built with stone, steel and glass. One of his best-known and most disputed works was built 30 years ago. Pei created a new entrance for the world-famous Louvre Museum in Paris. Pei first spent four months studying the museum and French history. He then drew plans for a 21-meter-tall steel and glass id, with three smaller pyramids nearby. It was a very futuristic style of work for the 12th-century building. A French newspaper criticized Pei’s pyramids as “an annex to Disneyland”. An environmental group said they belonged in a desert. Others accused Pei of ruining one of the world’s greatest landmarks. Pei said the Louvre was the most difficult job of his career. He argued that he had wanted to create a modern space that would not take away from the traditional part of the museum. He said the glass pyramids were based on the works of French landscape architect Le Notre. They honored French history. The pyramids opened in the spring of 1989. Over the years that followed, the structure came to be loved by most, if not all, of its critics. Other well-known Pei buildings include the John F. Kennedy Library in Dorchester, Massachusetts, the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, the East Wing of the National Gallery of Art in Washington and the Dallas City Hall in Texas. Pei officially retired in 1990. However, he continued to work on projects—including museums in Luxembourg, Qatar and his ancestral home of Suzhou. 8．What is true about the entrance created by Pei for the Louvre Museum? A．Pei spent four mouths drawing plans for it. B．There are four pyramids in total. C．It’s in a style of the 12th century. D．It took 30 years to complete the work. 9．What can we infer from Pei’s words in Paragraph 4? A．The glass pyramids were originally designed by Le Notre. B．The glass pyramids were based on the French landscape. C．The glass pyramids were in harmony with the Louvre. D．The glass pyramids reflected both French and Chinese style. 10．What were most people’s attitudes towards Pei’s pyramids years after its opening? A．Indifferent. B．Puzzled. C．Critical. D．Favorable. 11．What do we know about Pei according to the passage? A．He was hardworking, optimistic and easygoing. B．He spread Chinese traditional architecture to the world. C．He created many great works both in China and other countries. D．He was the most outstanding architect of the 20th century. D Hawking died early Wednesday at his home in England at the age of 76. Throughout his career as one of the world’s most recognizable cosmic thinkers, he regularly threw himself into pop culture’s comedic ring with cameos（客串）on programs such as The Simpsons and Late Night with Conan O’Brien. These appearances defined Hawking’s personal life as mush as his universe-shaking theoretical work. Humor, however, was not just one side of his personality, but a key to overcoming the disease he struggled against since 1963. “Keeping an active mind has been vital to my survival, as has maintaining a sense of humor,” Hawking said in a 2013 documentary. “I am probably better known for my appearances on The Simpsons and on The Big Bang Theory than I am for my scientific discoveries.” At 21, Hawking was diagnosed with a condition similar to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis（肌萎缩性侧索硬 化症）, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. According to the ALS Association, “Half of all people affected with ALS live at most three or more years after diagnosis. Twenty percent live five years or more; only ten percent will live more than ten years.” The disease would eventually shut down Hawking’s motor functions, making him speechless and unable to move without a wheelchair. Doctors initially said he would be dead in two years. His condition, however, proved to be a rate slow-acting version. But Hawking fought through his worse physical state, rising to a position as a celebrated professor of mathematical at the University of Cambridge and altering the popular conception of physics with his 1988 bestseller, A Brief History of Time. “When I turned 21, my expectations were reduced to zero,” he said in a TV show. He added, “It was important that I came to appreciate what I did have. It’s also important not become angry, no matter how difficult life is, because you can lose all hope if you can’t laugh at yourself and at life in general.” 12. What was Hawking like according to the text? A. He was kind and brave. B. He was friendly and adventurous. C. He was humorous and strong-minded. D. He was shy and uncommunicative. 13. How did Hawking deal with ALS? A. He did further research into the disease. B. He kept a positive attitude towards his disease. C. He did more exercise and spoke a lot with others. D. He went to hospital to have a health check regularly. 14. What can be learnt from the story of Hawking? A. Laughter is the best medicine. B. Lost time is never found again. C. Everything comes to him who waits. D. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. 15. What can we know from the text? A. ALS is a common disease in England. B. Doctors once abandoned treatment for Hawking. C. Playing roles in comedy was Hawking’s favorite. D. It’s almost a wonder that Hawking can survive the disease. 英语试题参考答案 A篇 1. B 2. A 3. D 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了Hunter Mollett在一部电视剧的影响下，设定了上哈佛大学的 目标。并为这个目标不断努力奋斗，最终被成功录取的故事。 【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段Mollett first decided on Harvard when he was in Grade One when he was watching Boston Legal with his mother. He asked her how the characters became lawyers. She said they went to Harvard. Though he didn’t know if she was just joking, Mollett decided that was where he wanted to go. 可知Mollett第一次决定上哈佛大学是在他一年级的时候，当时他和母亲在看《律师风云》。他问她这些 角色是如何成为律师的。她说他们上的是哈佛大学。尽管Mollett不知道她是不是在开玩笑，但他还是决 定去那个地方。由此可知，是一部电视剧的灵感让Hunter Mollett设定了上哈佛大学的目标。故选B。 【2题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文Soon he learned Mississippi State University accepted him and offered him a full scholarship. Then he got an e-mail about financial aid at Harvard even before his university acceptance letter.可知不久，他得知密西西比州立大学接受了他，并给了他全额奖学金。然后，他在大学录取通知书 之前就收到了一封关于哈佛大学经济资助的邮件。以及下一段“I sat there for 16 minutes just staring at my phone. I couldn’t believe I got in.” Mollett said.可知“我在那里坐了16分钟，一直盯着手机。我不敢相信我 被录取了。”Mollett说。由此可知，突然被密西西比州立大学录取，还收到了哈佛大学的资助，让Mollett 一时间感到很困惑，觉得不敢相信。故划线词意思为“困惑的”。A. Confused.困惑的；B. Satisfied.满意的； C. Frustrated.懊恼的；D. Upset.沮丧的。故选A。 【3题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中Meanwhile, Mollett worked hard toward his goal of becoming a lawyer. He took his tests and started applying to colleges, including Mississippi State University and Harvard. 可知与此同时，Mollett朝着成为律师的目标努力工作。他参加了考试并开始申请大学，包括密西西比州 立大学和哈佛大学。结合文章主要记叙了Hunter Mollett在一部电视剧的影响下，设定了上哈佛大学的目 标。并为这个目标不断努力奋斗，最终被成功录取的故事。由此可推知，Mollett是个有决心和勤奋的人。 故选D。 B篇 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，澳洲大火肆虐，许多动物丧生，17岁的Ratelle在了解野生动 物救援和救济机构需要针织袋子后，决定自己学习缝纫技术并做袋子捐给慈善机构。 【4题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段“When Rachel Ratelle saw a news video of a burned koala trying to climb a tree to safety in fire-ravaged（火灾肆虐的）Australia, she decided to do something about it.”（当Rachel Ratelle在火灾肆虐的澳大利亚看到一段新闻录像，一只被烧伤的考拉试图爬上一棵树到安全的地方，她 决定做点什么。）和第二段“She looked up wildlife rescue and relief agencies in Australia to find out what they needed most. Besides donations, many organizations asked for hand-sewn and knitted pouches（袋子）and wraps for koalas and other animals that were burned or had lost their homes and parents in the fires.”（她查阅 了澳大利亚野生动物救援和救济机构，以了解他们最需要什么。除了捐款，许多组织还要求为在火灾中 被烧毁或失去家园和父母的考拉和其他动物提供手工缝制的编织袋和包裹。），可知前两段主要讲是什 么激发了Ratelle学习缝纫，说明她学习缝纫的原因/动机。故选A项。 【5题详解】推理判断题。由倒数第三段中的“"It made me feel like I contributed to the world and it showed how a simple act of kindness can go a long way," said Ratelle, who hopes to study biology for a future career as a nurse practitioner.”（Ratelle说，“它让我觉得我对世界做出了贡献，它表明了一个简单的善举是如何发 挥巨大作用的。”，她希望将来能成为一名护士从业者。），可知Ratelle觉得自己对世界做出了贡献，可 推断出当Ratelle收到FAWNA寄来的照片时，她感觉很自豪。故选C项。 【6题详解】词义猜测题。由倒数第二段中的“"I plan to use my new sewing skills to help animals and people devastated by natural disaster," she said.”（她说：“我计划用我的新缝纫技巧来帮助被自然灾害摧毁的动物 和人们。”），根据help animals and people和natural disaster，可知此处指“帮助被自然灾害摧毁的动物和 人们”，devastated在此处意为“Ruined（毁坏的）”。故选A项。 【7题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段中的“For Newberry, "It was a big push that made us crafters, sewers realize there's something more we can do than just make things for ourselves," she said.”（对于Newberry来说， “这是一个巨大的推动，使我们手工艺者、缝纫者意识到，我们可以做更多的事情，而不仅仅是为自己 制造东西，”她说。），可知Newberry认为，手工艺者、缝纫者除了做衣服外，还有很多事情可以做， 例如，做编织袋子给动物，可推断出手工艺者、缝纫者可以为动物提供更多帮助。故选D项。 C篇 8．B9．C10．D11．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了贝聿铭在建筑领域上的成就。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段第五句“He then drew plans for a 21-meter-tall steel and glass pyramid, with three smaller pyramids nearby.”然后，他绘制了一个21米高的钢和玻璃金字塔的计划，附近还有三个较小的金 字塔。由此可知，卢浮宫入口一共有4个金字塔。故选B。 9．推理判断题。根据第四段中“He argued that he had wanted to create a modern space that would not take away from the traditional part of the museum. He said the glass pyramids were based on the works of French landscape architect Le Notre. They honored French history.”他争辩说，他想要创造一个不会脱离博物馆的传 统部分的现代空间。他说，玻璃金字塔是基于法国景观设计师勒诺特尔的作品。他们向法国历史致敬。 可知这个玻璃金字塔是与卢浮宫的传统风格相契合的。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“Over the years that followed, the structure came to be loved by most, if not all, of its critics.”在接下来的几年里，该结构受到了大多数(如果不是全部的话)批评人士的喜爱。由此 可知，这个建筑被大多数人喜爱。故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“However, he continued to work on projects—including museums in Luxembourg, Qatar and his ancestral home of Suzhou”然而，他继续从事项目工作——包括卢森堡、卡塔尔 和他的祖籍苏州的博物馆。由此可知，在中国和其他国家都有其创作的作品。故选C。 D篇 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D 【解析】本文是记叙文。主要讲了霍金被确诊为肌萎缩性侧索硬化症后，是如何积极面对，最终创造奇 迹的。 【12题详解】推理判断题根据第二段第二句Humor, however, was not just one side of his personality, but a key to overcoming the disease he struggled against since 1963.可知霍金是一个幽默的人，而且从1963年就开 始与疾病作斗争。所以说霍金是一个幽默而又意志坚定的人，故选C。 【13题详解】推理判断题根据第六段But Hawking fought through his worse physical state, rising to a position as a celebrated professor of mathematical at the University of Cambridge and altering the popular conception of physics with his 1988 bestseller, A Brief History of Time.(但霍金克服了他糟糕的身体状况，在剑桥大学担任 著名的数学教授，并以1988年的畅销书，即一部简短的历史，改变了物理学的流行概念)可知霍金克服身 体状况，最后成为著名的数学教授。所以说他对自己的病保持着积极的态度。故选B。 【14题详解】推理判断题从最后一段“It was important that I came to appreciate what I did have. It’s also important not become angry, no matter how difficult life is, because you can lose all hope if you can’t laugh at yourself and at life in general.(重要的是，我欣赏我所拥有的。 同样重要的是，不要生气，无论生活多么 艰难，因为如果你不能嘲笑自己和整个生活，你就会失去所有的希望)”可知霍金以积极的心态对待自己 的疾病，最终改变肌萎缩性侧索硬化症不可战胜的说法，所以我们可以推断出微笑是治病的良药，故选 A。 【15题详解】推理判断题根据第四段According to the ALS Association, “Half of all people affected with ALS live at most three or more years after diagnosis. Twenty percent live five years or more; only ten percent will live more than ten years.”可知确诊为肌萎缩性侧索硬化症的病人最多活三年或者三年多点；20％的人 能活五年或者更长；只有10％的人能活十年以上。霍金能活到76岁确实是一个奇迹，故选D。