2021 年高三二轮复习英语精品资料【讲】
专题 08 阅读填空
【构建知识体系】
阅读填空
考点 1 细节理解类题型
考点 2 篇章结构类题型
【考纲解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
给出一篇缺少 5 个句
子的文章，对应有七个选
项，要求考生根据文章结
构、内容，选择正确的句
子，填入相应的空白处。
考查考生的逻辑思维
能力，也就是对上下
文之间、层次之间逻
辑关系的判断能力
主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构，以
及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。选项特点：主
旨概括句（文章整体内容）；过渡性句子（文章结
构）；注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）。
【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向
阅读填空
2021 年命题解读和近年考点再现
1. 阅读填空【2021·浙江 1 月】
You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need, head to the front, and
choose the line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the
parking lot. 11．
It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.
12．Any small interruption - a price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.
If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the
probability:13．So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line- called
a serpentine line - and serve each person at the front with the next available register. 14．This is what they do at most
banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people
who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
15．It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower.
So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.
A．Why does this always seem to happen to you?
B．So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?
C．Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D．The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E. How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?
F. With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G. But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.
【答案】11．A12．G13．D14．F15．B
【解析】本文是说明文。文章说明了杂货店排队方式以及研究人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式，并分析了各自的
利弊。
11．下文“It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster. （原来，这只是
你的数学问题；很可能，另一个队伍真的更快。）”解释了上文“You chose wrong.(你选错了)”的原因，下文与
空格处是因果关系，所以本空应该是对前文选错提出疑惑，故选 A 项。
12．上文“Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum
delay.（杂货店尽量让足够的员工在结账时让所有的顾客以最小的延误完成结账。）”解释了杂货店之前的工作
模式，下文“Any small interruption a price check, a chatty customer -can have downstream effects, holding up an
entire line.（任何一个小小的中断，一个价格检查，一个喋喋不休的顾客，都会产生下游效应，拖住整个生产线。）”
描述了杂货店的特殊情况，故本空应该填出现特殊情况的原因，故选 G 项。
13．根据上文“If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. （如果杂货店
中有三列队伍，延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生。）”联系下文“So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably
is moving faster.（所以这不仅仅是在你的脑海里：另一条队伍可能移动得更快。）”可知本空说的是任何一个队
伍都有可能出现问题。你的队伍跑得最快的几率只有三分之一。故选 D 项。
14．根据“上文 Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.(我们得知研究人员有一个很好的方法来处
理这个问题)”以及下文“This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long
delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone little
bit but speed up checkout overall.（这个大多数银行和快餐店都是这样做的。有了一条蜿蜒的队伍，在一个登记处
长时间拖延不会不公平地惩罚后面排队的人。相反，它会减慢每个人一点点，但加快了整体结帐速度。）”说明
这个新方案迅速有效，联系上下文可知，空格中应该是与旧的结账方案作比较。故选 F 项。
15．结合下文“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or
manpower.（要保持一条生产线的快速运转，需要很多的收银机，而且有些商店负担不起空间和人力。）”说明
了一个原因，由此可知，空格处提出了一个问题；通过“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly.(保
持一条生产线的快速运转)”可知这里描述的是不鼓励蛇形队伍的原因。故选 B 项。
2. 【2020·海南卷】阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余
选项。
Talking with your doctor
Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and gives your doctor the information she or he needs to
give you the best care. Don't be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you. 36
●Stay positive.
Go to your doctor's visits with a good attitude. 37 Think teamwork! Think positive!
●Keep track of how you are feeling.
38 This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms（症状）and how medicines
make you feel. It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about. Make sure to be honest
about how you feel and how long you've felt that way.
● 39
Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments, what the doctors told you to do, and anything else you
think your doctor should know. Also, if you are allergic（过敏）to any medicines, be sure to mention that to your doctor.
●Ask questions.
Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have. To remember all the questions you have when you are
not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment. 40 Remember—
there's no such thing as a stupid question. If you don't understand the answer to a question, ask the doctor to explain it
again until you do understand.
A. This will make getting answers easier.
B. Here are some tips for talking with your doctor.
C. You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don't work.
D. Before your doctor's visit, keep notes on how you are feeling.
E. Remember, your doctor and other caregivers are on your side.
F. Bring your medical history, including a list of your current medicines.
G. Writing down what the doctor says will help you remember important information.
【答案】36．B37．E138．D39．F40．A
【解析】这是一篇应用文，文章讲述了与医生谈话的几个小建议。
36．根据文章第一段“Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and gives your doctor the information
she or he needs to give you the best care. Don't be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you.”
可知，与你的医生畅所欲言可以让你感觉好些，并向你的医生提供她或他需要的信息，以便为你提供最好的护
理。不要害怕或尴尬地讨论困扰你的事情。再结合下文为几条具体的建议，所以 B 项：Here are some tips for talking
with your doctor.（这里有一些与你的医生交谈的小建议。）符合题意，为顺承关系，故选 B。
37．根据文章第二段“teamwork!”意为团队可知，E 项：Remember, your doctor and other caregivers are on your
side.（记住，你的医生和其他护理人员都站在你这边。）与此呼应，故选 E。
38．根据文章“This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms（症状）and how medicines
make you feel. It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about. Make sure to be honest
about how you feel and how long you've felt that way.”可知，这将使你更容易回答关于你的症状和药物让你感觉
如何的问题。这也让你更容易提出你担心的任何事情。一定要诚实地说出你的感受，以及你这种感觉持续了多
久。由此可知，这都是在讲感受，故 D 项：Before your doctor's visit, keep notes on how you are feeling.（在你的
医生来之前，记下你的感受。）与之呼应，故选 D。
39．根据文章“Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments, what the doctors told you to do, and
anything else you think your doctor should know. Also, if you are allergic（过敏）to any medicines, be sure to mention
that to your doctor.”可知，你的病史是你的疾病，治疗，医生告诉你做什么，以及你认为你的医生应该知道的
任何事情的清单。如果你有过敏的话，你也要提一下。因此可知看出，这是关于病史和清单的，故 F 项：Bring
your medical history, including a list of your current medicines.（带上你的病史，包括你目前的药物清单。）符合题
意，相呼应，故选 F。
40．根据文章“Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have. To remember all the questions you have
when you are not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment.”可知，不要
害怕问你的医生你有的任何问题。当你不在医生办公室时，为了记住你的所有问题，把它们写下来，并带着清
单去你的预约。以及“Remember—there's no such thing as a stupid question. If you don't understand the answer to a
question, ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand.”可知，记住，没有什么愚蠢的问题。如果你不
明白问题的答案，请医生再解释一遍，直到你明白为止。因此中间缺少过渡句，故 A 项：This will make getting
answers easier.（这将使获得答案更容易。）正好可以连接两句，故选 A。
3. 阅读填空【2020·浙江卷】
I experienced years of loneliness as a child. 31． His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his
interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by
myself.
A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me
every evening. 32．I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a
week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical children’s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer
chapters. Reading opened new worlds to me. 33．
My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and
constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations,
she told me how creative my designs were. 34． I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform
them into something new and useful. It was a trait(特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to
make things with me.
35．My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. My
brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself. There was making leaf houses in
autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more. They’re all memories I treasure today.
A．I wasn't alone any longer.
B．I enjoyed reading stories aloud.
C．I was invited to play with another kid.
D．I loved the colorful photographs in the books.
E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.
F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
G. My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me.
【答案】31．G32．D33．A34．F35．E
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者养成几个生活习惯的原因。
31．设空在段中，应是承前启后句。根据后文“His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were
far different from mine”可知，设空句应提及“his”的身份，即 G 项中的“My elder brother”，且 G 项“我哥哥懒得和
我一起玩”在此起到了承上启下的作用。故选 G 项。故选 G 项。
32．根据前句提到“我对文字的爱始于母亲每天晚上给我读故事的时候”可知，D 项“我喜欢书中的彩色照片”和
上句构成进一步说明。同时 D 项中的“书”指代上句提到的母亲每天给我读故事的书。D 项切题。故选 D 项。
33．根据前句提到“阅读为我打开了新世界”可知，A 项“我不在孤独”和上句构成了因果关系。A 项切题。故选
A 项。
34．根据前句“当我的母亲看到我的创作时，她说我的设计很有创意”可知，F 项“于是，我开始对制造东西产生
了长久的兴趣”和上句构成因果关系，我正是在听了母亲那句话后才开始了对制造东西产生兴趣。F 项切题。故
选 F 项。
35．根据后句“无论天气或季节，我的父母都要让他们的两个孩子花时间在户外”可知，E 项“我很早养成的另一
个习惯是去户外”和前句表示因果逻辑。作者有去户外的习惯是因为后句提到的父母的影响。E 项切题。故选 E
项。
4. 【2020·全国新高考 II 山东卷】阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有
两项为多余选项。
Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 16 Do you want to be a good public speaker?
Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often, when you stand up to
give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.” 17 Focus on the speaking. Talk
directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the
one who is speaking. People's attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a
speaker's message. So, don't stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious one. 18
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 19 And like everything else in life, that takes practice.
Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
20 It's rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer.” On the other hand, you probably
can't count the times that you've thought, “I'm glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever!” So surprise your
audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It's better to leave your listeners wishing
for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don't need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.
G However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
【答案】16.G 17.A18.C 19.B 20.D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了成为好的演讲者需要掌握的一些原则。
16.G 本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。上句提到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G 项：然而，
大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。与上句转折，引出本文主题——演讲者要训练。
故选 G。
17.A 下句 Focus on the speaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。上句提到一种常见现象，当
站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在“公众”上，而不是“演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A 项
Do the opposite.说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。承上启下，故选 A。
18.C 本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。上句建议当出错时不要停止演讲，除
非是非常严重的错误。C 项：你不需要为一个小失误道歉。与上句承接，是对待演讲出错的方法。故选 C。
19.B 本段是说明练习的重要性。上句提到你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，下句应该说明目标是什么。
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选 B。
20.D 下 文 提 到 观 众 并 不 是 认 为 演 讲 越 长 越 好 ， 根 据 Always make your presentation just a
bit shorter than anticipated. 可知作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待
演讲结束。D 项：公开演讲时，通常少就是多。说明了演讲时多和少的辩证关系。故选 D。
5. 阅读填空【2020·全国新课标 I】
A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance
We all want it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36． Here’s
a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
●37． Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping
that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you
are the only you in this world.
●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and
our failures. 38． You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have
done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? ＂That didn’t go as planned. But, I tried my
best.＂
●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before
weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of
bed today. 39．
●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why
you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 40． Turn to a page in
your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?
A．Feeling upset again?
B．Where do you start?
C．Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D．Remember, you are only human.
E. Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F. Stop comparing yourself with others.
G. When does the comparison game start?
【答案】36．B37．F38．D39．C40．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个自我接纳的小技巧。
36．根据题目 A Few Tips for Self-acceptance 及下文的 Here's a handful of ways that will set you in the right
direction.(这有很多可以帮你找到正确方向的方法。)可知，选项 B. Where do you start? (从哪里开始那？)最合下
文语境，故选 B 项。
37．根据下文 Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know
that your life is your own; you are the only one in this world.(你是否希望最终你会因为自己的生活比他们的好而感
到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在这个世界上是独一无二的。)可知，本段主要讲述不要把自己和
别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。故 F. Stop comparing yourself with others.(停
止把自己和别人进行比较。)可以作为本段中心句，故选 F 项。
38．根据本文的中心句 Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. (原谅自己所犯的错误。)及下文的 You will
make mistakes, time and time again. (你会一次又一次地犯错误。)可知，选项 D. Remember, you are only human.(记
住，你只是个人。)与上下文衔接最好，故选 D 项。
39．根据上文 List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out
of bed today.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位，今天就起床了。)可知，选项 C. Nothing is too small
to celebrate.(没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝。)与上文衔接最好，故选 C 项。
40．结合上文 Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don't feel good enough. Now, read these words back to
yourself.(用语言来解释为什么你觉得自己不值得，为什么你觉得自己不够好。现在，自己读一下这些话。)和下
文的 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are? (翻到你日
记本上记下你的有点和成就的那页。看到你有多棒了吗？)可知，选项 A. Feeling upset again?(再次感觉心烦意乱
了吗？)最合上下文语境，故选 A 项。
6. 阅读填空【2020·全国新课标 II】
Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace Communication
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play.
36．. It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping
intention clear. 37．, encouraging better and more frequent communication.
In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in
communication style can be a challenge. 38．. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those
used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is that it’s
simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? 39．.
Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.
40．, and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling
emojis to their business communication, you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
A．Message with emojis feel more conversational
B．Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C．Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D．The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
【答案】36．D37．A38．G39．B40．F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了表情符号以及在工作交流所带来的优势。
36．根据前句“In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work
and play.(在亚洲，即时通讯平台正在迅速发展，无论是工作还是娱乐，都有数亿用户)”和后句“It's been reported
that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.(据报道，在一些西方国家，76%的
员工在工作中使用表情符号)”可知，前后句都说明了即时通讯平台受欢迎程度。所以选择项 D. The popularity of
these platforms is spreading globally. (这些平台的受欢迎程度正在全球蔓延)符合题意。故选 D。
37．根据前句“Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.(使用表情符号可以增加幽默和感情，
保持明确的意图)”和后半句“encouraging better and more frequent communication.(鼓励更好更频繁的交流)”可知，
这里陈述使用表情符号的优点。所以选择项 A. Messages with Emojis feel more conversational. (使用表情符号的信
息让人感觉更健谈)符合题意。故选 A。
38．根据前句“In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in
communication can be a challenge. (在任何一间办公室，员工的年龄从 22 岁到 70 岁甚至更大，在交流中找到共
同点可能是一项挑战)” 中关键词句“employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond,”与选择项中“all work
generations”是一致的。故选 G。
39．根据前句“ Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? (谁没有收到过毁掉了一整天的
邮件呢？)”和后文介绍表情的优点，可知，这里陈述电子邮件的缺点。所以选择项 B. Even a formal email can seem
cold and unfriendly. (即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好)故选 B。
40．根据后句“and Emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. (并且表情符号可以直接促成这种积极的结
果)”可知，这里陈述表情符号能给工作场所带来的好处。所以选择项 F. Studies show that friendlier communication
leads to a happier workplace. (研究表明，更友好的沟通会带来更快乐的工作场所)故选 F。
7. 【2020·全国新课标 III】第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读填空
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house.
The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the panty. The party is a chance for friends and
family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36 And it is good time to fill the new space with love and
hopefully presents.
37 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local or store or stores.
Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if
there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a
plant.
38 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no
planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all
the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves
into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a
new home as a gift. 40 Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A. This isn’t usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
【答案】36.E37.B38.C39.A40.G
【文章大意】本文是说明文，介绍了乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取，活动安排和名称的由来。
36.上句 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(这个聚会
是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句 And i
t is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补
新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E 项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与
上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选 E。
37.下文 Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things li
ke curtains.和 like a piece of art or a plant. 列举了参加聚会所带礼物的清单，可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品
或绿植。这些都和参加聚会带礼物有关，B 项：带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统，概括了本段内容，引出下
文，故选 B。
38.本段介绍了聚会的活动安排，根据后文 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn' t a lot
of food served.(这一点通常是值得赞赏的，因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物)。指出因为新搬家，所以主人
不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。那么本句是在建议你可以带上自己的食物或饮料与其他客人分享搬家，
所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。C 项：你也可以带上食物或饮料与其他客人分享。故选 C。
39.本段提到在乔迁聚会上人们会聚餐，主人带领客人参观新家。上句提到，由于乔迁聚会是在搬进新家后不久
举行的，人们可能会被要求帮助打开箱子。根据常识可知在乔迁聚会上让客人们帮忙干活是不常见的，A 项：
但这并不常见。表达了此意，与上文衔接，故选 A。
40.上句介绍了乔迁聚会名称的由来，根据 bring firewood to a new home as a gift.可知人们会带柴火作为礼物，那
么本空承接上文说明了带柴火的目的和作用。G 项：这样人们就可以在冬天的时候保持家里温暖。符合语境。
故选 G。
【高考预测】
纵观近两年全国高考试题，预测 2021 年全国高考试题还会
①体裁以说明文和议论文为主（300 词左右），且结构清晰（提出问题→解决问题），过程完整，适合考查标题
概括、主题句和过渡句等。
②以考查细节理解类题型为主。
【精讲研法】——课堂讲解突破核心考点
考点一 细节理解类题型
（1）词汇复现
【例 1】【东北三省三校（、东、）2021 届高三第一次联合模拟考试】
It seems that society has placed so much value on the word “humility (谦逊)”, sometimes we’re told to lower
ourselves in order to be recognized as a more modest student or employee.
16．, rather than how society looks at you, according to a US-based business magazine. Here are three ways to start
developing a more modest personality.
A．Be eager and flexible
B． Be determined and hard-working
C．Develop a healthier relationship with uncertainty
D．Uncertainty is a double-edged sword in many cases
E. Remember that you are valuable regardless of outside variables
F. This can allow you to interact with the people around you in new ways
G. The true humility，however, is more about the way you relate to yourself and your surroundings
【答案】16．G
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了三种培养谦虚性格的方法。
16．由第一段“It seems that society has placed so much value on the word “humility (谦逊)”, sometimes we're told to
lower ourselves in order to be recognized as a more modest student or employee.”（似乎社会如此重视“谦逊”这个词，
有时为了被认为是一个更谦虚的学生或雇员，我们被告知要降低自己。）和后半句“rather than how society looks at
you, according to a US-based business magazine”（根据美国一家商业杂志的报道，而不是社会如何看待你。）可知，
上文提到谦逊，结合转折词 rather than 后文讲到谦逊不是社会如何看待你，此处应该讲的是谦逊的真正含义，
应该表转折含义，前后句意义不同，承接上下文，G 选项“然而，真正的谦虚更多的是你与自己和周围环境的相
处方式”切题。词 humility 复现，还有其同义词 modest。故选 G 项。
规律方法 1： 词汇复现法
复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行
重复描述。包括原词复现、同源词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。
【变式精练】
【安徽省六校教育研究会 2021 届高三 2 月第二次联考】
20． Having a large house doesn’t guarantee the best party. In fact, larger space can be worse, as people can
become segregated more meaning they’re more unlikely to bump into each other and start a conversation. At the other
end of the scale, you need to ensure your guests don’t feel as though they’re stood on top of each other.
Wish your next party a great success!
A．Use space well.
B．Use paper plates.
C．Remember to thank everyone when they leave.
D．There’s often something we don’t like about our homes.
E. If people don’t want to get involved in an activity, let them watch instead.
F. If you’re looking for a guide for hosting a great party, you’re in the right place.
G. It’s the perfect opportunity to bring friends together and enjoy each other’s company.
【答案】20．A
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了在家举办派对的四个小窍门。
20．根据下文“In fact, larger space can be worse (事实上，更大的空间可能更糟糕)”可知，此处是本段小标题，总
领本段，内容与空间有关，选项 A “Use space well. (充分使用空间。)”符合题意。故选 A。
（2）代词线索
【例 2】
But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person
per year ， but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying ， storing ， and cooking fish isn ’ t
difficult.__17__This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.
A．Do not buy it.
D．It just requires a little knowledge.
【解析】空格上一句提到买鱼、贮藏鱼和烹饪并不难，启承上句，此处指只是需要一些这方面的知识。D 选项
中的代词“It”指代前面提到的“Buying，storing，and cooking fish”。
答案： __D__
规律方法 2：代词线索
英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代
关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。it 可指代单数名词或整个句子；they 或 them 指代复数名
词;one 指代单数可数名词；that 指 代不可数名词或句子；this 指代单数名词或句子；these 或 those 指代前句的
复数名词。
【变式精练】 73 They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the
real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about.
B. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger.
F. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.
G. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.
【答案】G
【解析】73 空后的 they 与 A 项 doctors 照应。
（3）数字线索
【例 3】As in China, the weather is different from area to area.___17____ The temperatures can
fall to –60℃ ，which is 60℃below freezing. In the capital, Ottawa, the average of winter
temperature is –10℃,and in summer 21 ℃.___18____ The average January temperature is 3 ℃,and in July it is 18 ℃
F. In the North, the winters are long and hard with snow for six months.
G. The west coast of Canada is the warmest place in winter
【答案】
17. F
18.G
规律方法 3：数字线索
包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如 ratio, rate 等等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较
之外，还可以用数据来说明一个观点。
【变式精练】Researchers analyzed the contents of 28 strawberry-flavored products sold in stores． 72 Of the
11 products that did contain strawberries, five of them contained less than one percent real fruit．In addition, each juice
box contained nearly eight teaspoons of sugar．
A．The products which contain real fruit are popular with people.
B．Even products advertised as more natural often contained no fruit.
C．They found that about 60 percent of them didn't contain any fruit at all.
D．If companies can cut their costs by using flavoring, they are likely to do so.
E. It is important and necessary to demand a small amount of flavoring in the products.
F. Actually the product contains just a tiny percentage of strawberry or even no fruit at all.
G. The Food Commission suggested all flavors used in a product should be listed on the packaging.
【答案】
72. C
（4）逻辑关系线索
【例 4】【河南省新乡市 2021 届高三第二模拟】
There was a time when I was very concerned about what other people thought of me, especially when I was
misunderstood and labeled incorrectly.16．Of course, you need to do something to let go of that mental suffering if you
are stuck in such a similar situation.
●Identify and understand why you care. What makes what other people think of you so important? If other
people's opinions cause you to worry, chances are that you have a tendency to be pleased. Being favored might be a
winning formula for you in the past. 17． But if it doesn't come as expected, just be yourself.
●Understand you can't control others. The reality is that you cannot control what another person thinks of you.
What most people don't understand is that we often form opinions of others based on associations we had in the past.
And the bottom line is that it's none of your business what another person thinks of you. 18．
●Practice daily self-love and acceptance. Your situation may come from a concept that we are not as worthy as
another person and our needs are not as important as theirs. Recognize you are equal to every other person. 19． We all
have different roles but that does not make anyone more valuable as a human being.
●Live a life that pleases you. Constant worry about what others think of you must create considerable stress and
will impact your relationships, your health, and your peace of mind.
●20． You will not need to be concerned with the few people who just don't seem to understand you. You can live
your fulfilling life and they can live theirs.
A．That's his or her private views.
B．Don't take your role to your heart.
C．Everyone deserves respect and admiration.
D．Stay true to your values and do your own thing.
E. That's to say, there is no one above or below you.
F. Certainly, there are advantages to having someone's high regard.
G. Caring too much about their views was energy-consuming and unnecessary.
【答案】16．G17．F18．A19．E20．D
【解析】本文是说明文。讲述我们经常被别人误解，对于这种情况我们应该做些什么来释放精神痛苦。文章给
出了几点建议。
16．后文“Of course, you need to do something to let go of that mental suffering if you are stuck in such a similar
situation.”提及，陷入类似情况要做一些事情来释放精神痛苦，所以说明过分关注他们的观点是一件耗精力，不
必要的事，故选 G。
17．下文“But if it doesn't come as expected, just be yourself.”说明但是事与愿违，表转折，说明此空应填好的事情，
F 项“当然，有人高度尊重是有好处的。”符合语境，certainly 说明与上文“被青睐可能是你过去成功定式。”一致，
故选 F。
18．本段首句“Understand you can't control others.”说明你不能控制别人，以及空前一句“And the bottom line is that
it's none of your business what another person thinks of you.”说明别人对你的看法与你无关，可知那是他或她的个
人观点，故选 A。
19．上文“Recognize you are equal to every other person.”说明要认识到你与别人是平等的，E 项中“there is no one
above or below you(没有人比你好或者比你差)”与此处语境相符，That's to say 说明前后内容一致。故选 E。
20．此空为总领句，应为动词开头。以及后文的“You will not need to be concerned with the few people who just don't
seem to understand you.（你不需要关心那些似乎不理解你的少数人）”可知你应该坚持你的价值观，做你自己的
事。故选 D。
规律方法 4：逻辑关系线索
(a)并列与递进关系：and, or, also，neither…nor…,either…or…,likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is
to say ,as well as, the same …as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more
(b)因果关系：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to,
as a result ,because of ,in that, for this reason, of course
(c)转折让步关系：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas,
unlike, rather than ,instead of, it is true that, of course, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in
spite of
(d)时间关系：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the mean time, last,
later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with 以及一些具体的时间。
【变式精练】
【黑龙江大庆市 2021 届高三一模】
There has been a remarkable rise in the popularity of house plants over the past few years, with trendy new
shops popping up all over the country selling every kind of plant you can imagine.16．But follow a few basic tips aid
you'll soon get the hang of it.
Choosing your plant doesn't seem that simple. It's a common mistake to wander into a shop and grab the plant that
you first fall fox, but it's important to understand what type of environment you're introducing it to before picking one
out.17．For example, some plants arc better suited to maximum light and heat, while others prefer cooler spots.
18．One of the most common reasons for houseplant killing is overwatering. You might think it has a constant
thirst but chances are it won't take to spending extended periods sitting in wet soil. Every plant is different, so research
is once more key, but generally home-dwellers like watering most when they're growing rapidly（spring and summer）
and prefer an occasional water when the soil is dry, rather than as a daily routine.19．
Your plants may actually need feeding. While some louse plants don't need many nutrients to grow, others are
greedy for extra nutritional goodness（especially those that display flowers and fruits）.20．And you'll also need to check
what type of fertilizer each variety requires and how much to use each time.
A．Using good soil for your plant is vital.
B．Different plants require different amounts of water.
C．Taking care of plants is much easier than raising other creatures.
D．And always use water that has been brought up to room temperature
E. Looking after house plants isn't always as straightforward as some think.
F. As with watering， they'll need more food during their growing season than during winter.
G. A little research before buying will save you lots of stress when you get you plants home.
【答案】16．E17．G18．B19．D20．F
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章从室内植物的种类选择、浇水和营养等方面介绍了如何照顾室内植物。
16．上文“There has been a remarkable rise in the popularity of house plants over the past few years, with trendy new
shops popping up all over the country selling every kind of plant you can imagine（过去几年来，室内植物的受欢迎
程度显著上升，时髦的新商店如雨后春笋般出现在全国各地，出售各种你能想到的植物） ”说明，人们对室内
植物的需求增多。结合下文“But follow a few basic tips aid you'll soon get the hang of it（但是遵循一些基本的技巧，
你会很快掌握它）”和后面四个小题的解析可知，下文主要从室内植物的选择、浇水和营养方面介绍了如何种植
室内植物。该空和下一句构成转折关系，应该说明种植室内植物不易。故 E 选项（照看室内植物并不总是像一
些人想的那么简单）符合语境。故选 E。
17．上文“it's important to understand what type of environment you're introducing it to before picking one out（在选
择之前，了解你要将它引入的环境类型是很重要的）”说明，买植物之前，首先要进行一番了解。该空承接上文，
应该介绍这么做的好处。结合选项，G 选项（在你把植物带回家之前做一些调查会帮你减轻很多压力）符合语
境，故选 G。
18．空后“One of the most common reasons for houseplant killing is overwatering（室内植物死亡最常见的原因之一
是过度浇水）”说明，很多植物不需要那么多的水分。所以空前应该提到和植物需水量有关的话题。结合选项，
B 选项（不同的植物需要不同的水量）符合语境，故选 B。
19．上文“generally home-dwellers like watering most when they're growing rapidly（spring and summer）and prefer an
occasional water when the soil is dry, rather than as a daily routine（一般来说，家居植物最喜欢在它们生长迅速的
时候(春天和夏天)被浇水，并且喜欢在土壤干燥的时候偶尔浇水，而不是每天浇水） ”说明，该部分介绍的是
给家居植物浇水的时候应该注意的问题。该空承接上文，应该继续介绍浇水时需要注意的地方。结合选项，D
选项（而且一定要用已经加热到室温的水）符合语境。故选 D。
20．上文“Your plants may actually need feeding. While some louse plants don't need many nutrients to grow, others are
greedy for extra nutritional goodness（你的植物可能真的需要喂养。虽然一些室内植物不需要太多的营养来生长，
但其他一些植物却渴望额外的营养）”说明，室内植物需要营养。下文 “And you'll also need to check what type of
fertilizer each variety requires and how much to use each time（你还需要检查每种品种需要哪种肥料，每次使用多
少）”说明，在给植物提供营养的时候，还要注意肥料种类和数量。该空和后文并列，应介绍和植物营养有关的
话题。结合选项，F 选项（和浇水一样，它们在生长季节比冬天需要更多的食物）符合语境。故选 F。
考点二 细节理解类题型
（1）问题在段首或是小标题
【山西省怀仁市 2021 届高三下学期一模】
iPad vs textbooks
18．. Students usually have multiple classes, which results in multiple textbooks. Heavy backpacks filled with books
can cause back problem. A solution to that is an iPad, which only weighs 1.33 pounds and can hold all of a student's
textbooks.
A．iPads absorb the need to buy calculators, dictionaries, and other items that are found within the device.
B．Schools have every reason to do away with their school books and switch to iPads.
C．Moreover, in high school, textbooks have an average of 4.8 pounds each.
D．iPads have already replaced textbooks in over 600 American counties.
E. Therefore, they can use the saved money for other programs.
F. Secondly, iPads cost less and are more popular.
G. iPads are perfect for busy students.
【答案】18．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了可以当作书本使用的 iPads 的情况，与普通书本相比 iPads 更有优势。
18．本句为段落的主题句。根据下文“Heavy backpacks filled with books can cause back problem.”（装满书的沉重
背包会引起背部问题。）可知，提到了书本的重量会引发背部疾病，所以主题句应该讲述书包的重量。C 选项
“Moreover, in high school, textbooks have an average of 4.8 pounds each.”（此外，在高中，教科书平均每本 4.8 磅。），
与下文最符，故选 C。
法 1：如果问题在段首或是小标题？
通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题
句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。
【变式精练】【江西省红色七校（分宜中学、会昌中学等）2021 届高三第二次联考】
4. 39．
Let's say you've taken the advice above, but you're still feeling heated. If so, changing the topic of conversation
can also be a good way to cope with anger in the moment.40． If you were discussing something serious-or something
that needs to be explained finally-table the discussion for later or the next day, when you calm down.
A．Change the subject of the conversation.
B．Stop the conversation with your partner.
C．Anger will do damage to your lungs and heart.
D．Try responding to your loud voice by gradually lowering it.
E. Now that you've calmed down, think about what's motivating your anger.
F. Make a joke and reroute the conversation to a safe, calm, enjoyable dialogue.
G. Anger will often cause changes in our body, such as muscle tension or sore neck.
【答案】39．A40．F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章给出了当人愤怒时，怎样冷静下来的几个方法。
39．下文“If so, changing the topic of conversation can also be a good way to cope with anger in the moment. ( 如果是
这样的话，改变谈话的主题也可以是一个很好的方式来处理愤怒的时刻)”说明改变谈话主题也可以处理愤怒，A
项“改变谈话的主题”作为小标题，点明段落中心。选项中的 Change the subject of the conversation 和下文中的
changing the topic of conversation 语义一致。故选 A 项。
40．上文“If so, changing the topic of conversation can also be a good way to cope with anger in the moment.（如果是
这样的话，换个话题也是应对当下愤怒情绪的好方法。）”说明换个话题是应对愤怒情绪的好办法，F 项“讲个笑
话，让谈话转向安全、平静、愉快的对话。”承接上文，说的是换个话题的具体方法。故选 F 项。
（2）问题在段尾
【例 2】【山东济南市 2021 届高三模拟】
Making beer is complex and variable enough to be interesting. The basic reward of a good bottle of beer is easy to
enjoy and from there you can create your own personal variety. If you're someone who likes to experiment, this could
be a fun hobby for you. 19．
A．The activity combines several senses.
B．This hobby has grown in popularity in recent years.
C．Gardening involves creativity and time outside in nature.
D．Developing film used to be time-consuming and expensive.
E. Studies have looked at how hobbies make you better at your job.
F. Plus, you'll always have a great homemade gift to give friends and family.
G. In fact, a lot of research has looked at the stress-reducing properties of hobbies.
【答案】19．F
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了几种爱好。
19．由上三句“Making beer is complex and variable enough to be interesting. The basic reward of a good bottle of beer
is easy to enjoy and from there you can create your own personal variety. If you're someone who likes to experiment,
this could be a fun hobby for you.”（酿造啤酒是复杂多变的，足以让人感兴趣。一瓶好啤酒的基本奖励很容易享
受，从那里你可以创造自己的个人品种。如果你是一个喜欢实验的人，这对你来说可能是一个有趣的爱好）可
知，上文中作者认为自己酿造啤酒很有趣，讲了自己酿造啤酒的优点（即创造自己的个人品种），并建议读者把
自己酿造啤酒作为爱好，可得出此空填写内容应与自己酿造啤酒的优点有关，承接上文，F 选项“另外，你将永
远有一个伟大的自制礼物送给朋友和家人”切题，其中“自制礼物”指的就是“自己酿造的啤酒”，故选 F 项。
规律方法 2：如果问题在段尾？
通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如 therefore, as a result,
thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word 等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
【变式精练】【内蒙古呼和浩特市 2021 届高三年级第一次质量普查调研考试】
Do you often go out for shopping? How to avoid germs when shopping in the grocery store? 16．.
A．you decrease your risk of becoming infected
B．If you have an elderly neighbor who needs help
C．you had better stay at home instead of going out
D．As a result, avoid touching your face while shopping
E. As a result, you should wear a mask when you go shopping
F. Moreover, try to maintain a safe, six-foot distance from other shoppers
G. Before you head out to one, you need some guidelines to ensure your safety
【答案】16．G
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了出去购物时避免感染病毒的几个建议。
16．空前提出问题“在杂货店购物时如何避免细菌呢？”，下文是具体的方法，所以 G 项“在你出去进一个杂货店
之前，你需要一些指导来确保你的安全”承上启下，符合语境，故选 G 项。
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