专题 04 动词的时态和语态（新模拟和新高考）
I.语法填空
1. 【江苏省苏锡常镇四市 2021 届高三教学情况调查（一）】Someone once said."Habits are like a cable （电
缆线）.We form it little by little every day and soon it cannot 56． (break)."
【答案】be broken
【解析】考查语态。句意：我们每日为其编织一股，不久它便不容易断裂。句中 it 代指 cable，与 break 之
间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词 can 后接动词原形。故填 be broken。
2. 【江苏省苏锡常镇四市 2021 届高三教学情况调查（一）】More energy 60． (spend) in the first few minutes
of lift-off than was used over the next several days to travel half a million miles.
【答案】was spent
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：在发射的前几分钟所消耗的能量，比接下来几天飞行 50 万英里所消耗的
能量还要多。根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。主语 energy 与 spend 之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。
故填 was spent。
3. 【2021 届江苏省南京市高三学情调研】Michael Todd was found in the same clothes every day. When the other
kids began to notice that he 36．(wear)the same black pants and blue shirt day after day, Todd, a freshman at a high
school in Memphis, became the target of offensive remarks and laughter.
【答案】was wearing/wore
【解析】考查时态。句意：当其他孩子开始注意到他日复一日地穿同样的黑裤子和蓝衬衫时，托德，这位
孟菲斯一所高中的新生，就成了人们攻击和嘲笑的对象。根据上一句 Michael Todd was found…的时态可知，
文章叙述的是过去的事情，应该用过去时态；此处可以用过去进行时 was/ were doing，表示过去某一阶段正
在进行的动作；也可以用一般过去时；wear 是不规则动词，过去式为 wore。故填 was wearing/wore。
4. 【2021 届江苏省扬州市高三上学期期初调研】China's navigation satellite system37．（name)after "Beidou”，
which carries the meaning of "pointing out the right direction."China started constructing the BeiDou Navigation
Satellite Experimental System(BDS-1)back in 1994,and now it consists of 55 satellites and can provide services
worldwide.
【答案】is named
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：中国的导航卫星系统以“北斗”命名，意为“指明正确的方向”。name after：
以…命名，此句描述的是一个事实，且主语 navigation satellite system 与 name 之间是被动关系，故此处用一
般现在时的被动语态。故答案为 is named。
5.【江苏省 2020—2021 学年高三上学期开学考试】On June 29th India44．(ban) TikTok and 58
other Chinese apps. America is now threatening to ban the app altogether.
【答案】banned
【解析】考查动词时态。根据句中时间状语 On June 29th 可知发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填 banned。
6. 【2021 届江苏省高三上学期期初考试】Domestic pork production 39． (hit) seriously by the
outbreaks of African swine fever since August last year.
【答案】has been hit
【解析】考查动词时态。根据 since August last year 可知，此处用现在完成时；production 和 hit 之间是被动
关系；主语是第三人称单数，故填 has been hit。
7. 【2021 届江苏省高三上学期期初考试】Pork is the most commonly consumed meat in China, and the
supply of it 43． (matter) to the nation’s food security.
【答案】matters
【解析】考查动词时态。由前面的 is 可知句子是一般现在时；主语是第三人称单数。故填 matters。
8. 【2021 届高三上学期第一次月度检测】"Learn through use"20．(be) a good piece of advice
for those who are studying a new language. Practice is important. We must practise speaking and writing the
language whenever we can.
【答案】is
【解析】考查谓语动词。 Learn through use 是一种观念，看作单数，根据上下文可知用一般现在时。故填
is。
9.【江苏省苏州市 2021 届八校联盟高三第一次适应性检测】The American space agency, NASA, 36．(release)
its latest plan to place the first humans on the moon since 1972.
【答案】has released
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：美国航天局(NASA)公布了自 1972 年以来首次将人类送上月球的最新计划。
根据 since1972 推出，此处应使用现在完成时态，主语 The American space agency 是单数概念，谓语动词用
单数形式。故填 has released。
10. 【江苏省苏州市 2021 届八校联盟高三第一次适应性检测】Three projects 41． (compete) to build a moon
lander that will transport two astronauts to the moon from the Orion spaceship. The competitors are all private
companies, Blue Origin, SpaceX and Dynetics.
【答案】are competing
【解析】考查动词时态，句意：三个项目正在竞争建造一个月球着陆器，这个着陆器将把两名宇航员从猎
户座飞船送到月球。根据语境可知，此处表示现在正在发生的事情，应使用现在进行时。故填 are competing
11.【江苏省镇江市八校 2021 届高三 10 月联考】Of all the pastimes (消遣) that the Chinese 36．(bring) to a fine
art since the dawn of civilization, tea drinking is one of the most typical and it requires a highly trained mind as
well as palate (味觉) to appreciate it to the full.
【答案】have brought
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：自文明诞生以来，中国人给艺术带来了各种消遣。设空处在句中作
谓语，结合时间状语 since the dawn of civilization 可知，应使用现在完成时。故答案为 have brought。
12. 【江苏省镇江市四校 2021 届高三上学期第一次联考】Therefore, maintaining a healthy diet not only
60． (provide) your body with energy but also numerous health benefits.
【答案】provides
【解析】考查动词时态。provides:动词，提供。主语为 maintaining a healthy diet 现在分词短语做主语，动词
为单数形式。故填 provides。
13. 【江苏省徐州市（市区部分学校）2021 届高三 9 月学情调研】With seasonal temperatures breaking records
almost every year, tree species 36． (expect) to adapt to the changes by slowly shifting their population centers
northward.
【答案】are expected
【解析】考查语态。分析句子 tree species ___1___ (expect) to adapt to the changes 可知，本句中的 expect 的宾
语是 tree species，故本句中要用被动语态。因为 expect sb/sth. to do…，而 sth/sb. be expected，故本空要填 are
expected。
14. Having spent every penny of his money and been reduced to hiring himself out to feed pigs, he realized that he
had been a fool and 60．(go) home. In honor of his return, his father killed and cooked a calf so that they could have
a feast.
【答案】went
【解析】考查动词时态。根据上文 realized 可知应用一般过去时。故填 went。
15.【江苏省连云港市智贤中学 2021 届高三月考】On the fifth day, however, a tragedy (悲剧) happened. I put my
face so close to the glass farm that I knocked it over. All the tunnels 39．(fall) down.
【答案】fell
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：所有的隧道都塌了。整篇文章为过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填
fell。
16. 【江苏省扬州市 2021 届高三上学期十月月考】When a woman37．(step) out in the 1740s, on a
regular basis, her private belongings would have included a watch, money, jewelry and perhaps some food.
【答案】stepped
【解析】考查动词时态。根据后文 in the 1740s 可知此处描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填 stepped。
17. 【江苏省扬州市 2021 届高三上学期十月月考】So what your bag can convey45．(be) your status,
or your belief.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致。本句陈述客观事实用一般现在时，且主语为 what your bag can convey，故谓语动词
应用第三人称单数形式。故填 is。
18. 【江苏省徐州市 2021 届高三上学期期中】 Colorful lights 38．(produce) when the outer sphere of the
atmosphere is disturbed by solar wind.
【答案】are produced
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：当大气外层受到太阳风的干扰时，就会产生五颜六色的光。句子陈述
客观事实应用一般现在时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为 colors，
谓语动词应用复数。故填 are produced。
19. 【江苏省徐州市 2021 届高三上学期期中】“When you see the stars and auroras in the night sky, you have a
feeling that universe 44．(talk) to you. The South Pole shaped me and it has become more than the name of a place
for me. It is a distant home."
【答案】is talking
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当你看到夜空中的星星和极光时，你会有一种宇宙正在对你说话的感觉。
从句中表示动作正在进行，应用现在进行时，且主语为 universe，谓语动词应用单数。故填 is talking。
20. 【江苏省苏北四市 2020-2021 学年高三第一次质量检测】Kobe Bryant is a famous basketball player. His
talent can 36．(see) not only on the court, but also in his writing. His book The Wizenard Series: Training Camp
came out in March.
【答案】be seen
【解析】考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：他的才华不仅体现在球场上，也体现在他的作品中。句子主
语 talent 和谓语动词 see 之间是一种被动关系，是含情态动词的被动语态，故填 be seen。
II.语法填空
1.（2020·新课标 I 卷语法填空）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient
Chinese moon goddess 61． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】touched
【解析】考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周
在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语 last week 可知应使用一般过去时，故填 touched。
2.（2020·新课标 I 卷语法填空）＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University,
says, ＂because it 67． (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68． (construct) .＂
【答案】means
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家 Carle Pieters 说：
“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处
也使用一般现在时，主语是 it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式 means，故填 means。
【答案】is constructed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语 construct
与主语 the moon 之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语 the moon
是单数，故填 is constructed。
3．（2020·新课标 III 卷语法填空）The artist was sure he would63．(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece
to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.
【答案】be chosen
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人
笑了。本句中主语 he 与谓语动词 choose 构成被动关系，且 would 后跟动词原形。故填 be chosen。
4．（2020·新课标 III 卷语法填空）When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the
legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66． (point) down the river.
【答案】pointed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指
着河的下游。根据上文 they smiled and 可知此处应用一般过去时。故填 pointed。
5.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）And，as more children were born，more food 59．(need).
【答案】was needed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和 need 之
间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food
为不可数名词。故填 was needed。
6.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）By about 6000 BC，people 61． (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
【答案】had discovered
【解析】考查时态。句意：大约在公元前 6000 年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。
分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动
逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到……为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填 had discovered.
7.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）New methods 65． (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需
填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动
关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填 meant。
8.（2020·山东卷语法填空）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38． (form) the core
collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
【答案】formed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的 8 万件藏品构成了 1759 年开馆的大英博物馆的核心
藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语 in1759 可知，应使用一般过去时。故填 formed。
9.（2020·山东卷语法填空）The parts of a museum open to the public 40． (call) galleries or rooms.
【答案】are called
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，
应使用一般现在时；主语与 call 是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填 are called。
10.【2020·全国新课标 II】This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62． (carry) special significance.
【答案】carries
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表
语从句，从句主语为动名词短语 decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填
carries。
11.（2019 全国 I 卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _____ (report) increases in bear sightings
around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
【答案】have reported
【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语 in recent years 可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填 have
reported。
12.（2019 全国 II 卷）Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ______(declare) she had no plans
to retire from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】declared
【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为 Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文 had 以及 said 可
知用一般过去时态，故填 declared。
13.（2019 全国 III 卷）Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _____(recommend)wonderful places to eat，
shop，and visit.
【答案】recommended
【解析】考查一般过去时态。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、
购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填 recommended。
14.（2019 浙江卷）When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ______ (have) to worry about
fashion(时尚).
【答案】will have/has
【解析】考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是 when 引导的时间状
语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时 will do；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，
因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是 nobody，谓语用 has。故填 will have/has。
15.（2019 浙江卷）One study in America found that students' grades _____ (improve) a little after the school
introduced uniforms.
【答案】improved
【解析】考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是 after
引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填 improved。
16.（2018 全国 I 卷）While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it (be) more
effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.is
【答案】is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。本文介绍了跑步的好处，通篇以一般现在时为主。本句中宾语从句与主句
的时态应保持一致，故用一般现在时；且宾语从句中的主语为 it，故用 is。
17.（2018 全国 II 卷）Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice.
【答案】has grown
【解析】考查时态。由句中的时间状语 Since 2011 可知，此空应用现在完成时。
18.（2018 全国 II 卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005－when the government
______(start) a soiltesting program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers － and 2011,
fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】started
【解析】考查时态。根据语境可知，此处叙述发生在过去的情况，应用一般过去时，故填 started。
19.（2018 全国 III 卷）I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't
feel (challenge)．
【答案】challenged
【解析】考查时态。此处表示“我迅速低下头避免和它直视，以便它不会感到受到挑战”，主语 he 和 challenge
构成被动关系，故填 challenged。
20.（2018 全国 III 卷）True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature，the huge animal (mean) me no real harm.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。由于此处描述的动作已经发生，故用一般过去时。
21.（2018 浙江卷） I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I (shock) when I
learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
【答案】was shocked
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处表示“我感到很震惊”，shock 与主语 I 为被动关系，同时根
据后面的 learnt 可知，时态为一般过去时，所以填 was shocked。句意：我还记得访问过一个住在这里 5 年
的朋友，当我知道她在这段时间里没有煮过一次饭的时候，我很震惊。
22. 【2018·浙江】While regularly eating out seems to ___61___(become) common for many young people in
recent years, it’s not without a cost.
【答案】have become
【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语 in recent years 可知用现在完成时，seems to 后用动词原形，故填 have
become。
23.（2017 全国 I 卷）When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
【答案】are removed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语 fat and salt 是复数概念，
且与 remove 是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构 are removed。句意：当脂肪和盐被从食物中除
去时，食物的味道就好像它缺少某种东西一样。
24.（2017 全国 II 卷）Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the
passengers，with all the smoke and noise.
【答案】were used
【解析】考查时态和被动语态。steam engines 与 use 是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被
动语态。句意：用冒着烟雾和带有噪音的蒸汽机拉马车，这对乘客来说一定是相当不愉快的体验。
25.（2017 全国 II 卷）Later, engineers (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道),
which became known as the Tube.
【答案】managed
【解析】考查时态。全文讲述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。句意：后来，工程师们成功地在
一个深挖隧道的系统中建造铁路，这种系统被称为地铁。
26.（2017 全国 III 卷）Sarah (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the
next year.
【答案】has been told/was told
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境，萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超模儿，可以用现在完
成时或一般过去时。句意：有人告诉萨拉，她可能成为英国的新超级名模，下一年可以赚一百万美元。
27.（2017 全国 III 卷）But at the moment，school (come) first.
【答案】comes
【解析】考查动词时态。此处为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时。
28.【2017·浙江卷 6 月】Pahlsson and her husband 62.________ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but
turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63.________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and
was spread over the garden.
【答案】searched 【解析】考查动词的时态。根据语意可知，他们过去曾搜遍了整个厨房，故填 searched。
【答案】 swept 【解析】考查过去分词。此处是 get done 结构，表示被动，意为“被扫进了垃圾堆”。
29. (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of
gold and silver with Chinese characters.
【答案】be made
【解析】考查情态动词表推测。be made 根据语境可知，筷子是被制造的。此处为含有情态动词的被动语
态 might be done。
30.【2016·全国新课标 I】So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where
ticket money helps pay for research, I_____62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.
【答案】was allowed
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据句意可知作者是被允许走近这些动物， be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”。
31.【2016·全国新课标 III】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be) too violent for use at the
table.
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态。根据句意可知，这里指的是刀子因太暴力而不适合在餐桌上使用，believed 后跟一个宾
语从句，and 连接了两个并列的谓语，主语 knives 是复数，根据时态一致的原则，这里用一般过去时，故填
were。
32.【2016·上海】(B)In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems,
from high blood pressure to mental illness.
【答案】has been regarded
【解析】考查时态语态。本句的时间状语是 in recent years 最近几年以来，该时间状语通常和现在完成时连
用，且句子主语 stress 与动词 regard 构成被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式 has been regarded。
33.【2016·四川】
The giant panda 41 (love) by people throughout the world.
Then, after two and a half years, the mother 49 (drive)the young panda away.
【答案】is loved 【解析】句意：大熊猫被全世界的人喜欢。根据句意可知用一般现在时态的被动语态，The
giant panda 是单数第三人称形式，故填 is loved。
【答案】drove 【解析】句意：然后，两年半后妈妈让小熊猫离开。根据句意可知用一般过去时态，故填
drove。
34.(2015·全国Ⅰ,61)It was raining lightly when I (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.
【答案】arrived
【解析】根据前后句时态可知,此处用一般过去时。
35.(2015·全国Ⅰ,67)Yangshuo (be) really beautiful.
【答案】is
【解析】这里表述的是客观事实,故用一般现在时。
36.(2014·全国Ⅰ,61)It (be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.
【答案】was
【解析】此空应与后面的 could 在时态上保持一致,故用一般过去时。
37.(2015·全国Ⅱ,68)This cycle (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during
the night...
【答案】goes
【解析】此空应与后面的 warm 在时态上保持一致,故用一般现在时。
38.(2014·全国Ⅱ,65)A boy on a bike (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his
arms.
【答案】caught
【解析】根据下文中的 was 可知,该句谓语动词用一般过去时。
39.(2012· 新 课 标 Ⅰ,23)“Life is like walking in the snow,” Granny used to say, “because every step
(show).”
【答案】shows
【解析】这句话说的是客观事实,故用一般现在时。
40.(2012·新课标Ⅱ,18)The manager (tell)the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
【答案】has been telling
【解析】此处表示从九点钟一直持续并依然在进行的动作,故用现在完成进行时。
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