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高考二轮复习语法专项训练-三大从句
主从复合句
(1) 宾语从句
I’m not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out
of nowhere.2018 年（新课标 I）
figured out exactly__70__thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
2015 年新课标 II
(2) 状语从句
but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help. 2016 年全国Ⅲ 卷
The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
2018 年新课标 II
(3) 定语从句
Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2019 66 showed a mere five to 10
minutes ......2018年（新课标I）
They also had a small pond which they raised fish. 2018年（新课标I）
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government started a
soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011,
fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 2018年新课标II
Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 2017 年（新
课标 I）
In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of
their house. 2017 年全国 II 卷
My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I love. 2016 年（新课标 I）
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,
2016 年全国Ⅲ 卷
I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark
waters of the Li River_64__are pictured by 2015 年新课标 I
Maybe you leave a habit __67___is driving your family crazy. 2019 年新课标 I
(4) 主语从句
(5) 表语从句
which
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how I 前加 need where-when which/that which-in which that / which which
that-which that-where who which which
定语从句
一、关系词的用法
引导定语从句的关系词(也称为引导词)包括关系代词和关系副词两类。关系词在定语从句中起连接作
用，同时代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语成分。
关系词 被修饰的先行词
关系词在从句中充当
的
成
分
that 指人或物的词 主语、宾语、表语
which 指物的词或整个主句 主语、宾语
who 指人的词 主语、宾语
whom 指人的词 宾语
whose 指人或物的词 定语
as 指人或物的词或整个主句 主语、宾语
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why 表示原因的名词 reason 原因状语
The work that/which has just been finished is very important.
She is the girl who/that lives next door.
This is the house whose window broke last night.
Tom was late for work again this morning, which made the boss angry.
As is known to all, China is the biggest developing country in the world.
I still remember the day when (on which) I first came to this school.
This is the small village where (in which) he was born.
The reason why (for which) he refused the invitation is not clear.
注意：①关系代词作宾语时可以省略，但作介词的宾语时不能省略；
②关系副词一般可用“介词＋关系代词”来代替。
二、只能用关系代词 that 的几种情况
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1．当先行词既有人又有物时。
They are talking about the director and his films that I like best.
2．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。
It is the first/best film that I have ever seen.
3．当先行词被 the only/the very 修饰时。
This is the only book that is worth reading.
4．当先行词是不定代词，或先行词被不定代词修饰时。
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?
5．当主句是以 which 或 who 开头的疑问句时。
Who is the man that is standing there?
三、只能用关系代词 which 的几种情况
1．“介词＋关系代词”结构中指物的关系代词只能用 which(指人时用 whom)。
This is the school in which I studied 10 years ago.
2．在非限制性定语从句中指物的关系代词只能用 which。
The meeting was put off, which was actually what we wanted.
一、在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)。
1．Can you lend me the novel ________ you talked about the other day?
2．A foo tball fan is a person ________ has a strong interest in football.
3．Is there anyone in your class ________ family is in the country?
4．The reason ________ Tom invented for his being late made no sense to the boss.
5．His best movie, ________ won several awards, was about the life of Gandhi.
6．I shall never forget those years ________ I lived on the farm with the farmers.
7．Is this the school ________ some German friends went last week?
8．We all know that this is the second book ________ he has ever written.
9．________ is often the case in China, foreign firms will face big barriers.
10．Those ________ have six or more close friends are described as “very happy”．
答案 which/that 分析句子成分可知，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词为 novel，因此用关系代词
which/that。
答案 who/that 句意：球迷是对足球有强烈兴趣的人。分析句子成分可知，从句中缺少主语，应用
关系代词，指人可用 that/who。
答案 whose whose 引导定语从句，在从句中作主语 family 的定语。
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答案 that/which 空格处在定语从句中作 invented 的宾语，所以用关系代词 that/which 引导。
答案 which 空格前有逗号与主句分开，是非限制性定语从句的标志，且空格处在从句中作主语，
故用 which 引导该定语从句。
答案 when 句意：我永远也不会忘记和农夫一起住在农场的那些年。years 是表示时间的名词，用
when 引导定语从句，when 在从句中作时间状语。
答案 where 改为陈述语序为：This is the school where some German friends went last week. 不难看出，
作表语的 the school 是先行词。因为空格处在从句中作状语，所以应用关系副词
where。
答案 that 句意：我们都知道这是他曾经写的第二本书。当先行词前有序数词修饰时，要用 that 引
导定语从句。
答案 As 此处为 as 引导的定语从句，as 在从句中作主语，指代逗号后面的内容。
答案 who 句意：那些有六个或更多亲密朋友的人常被认为是非常幸福的。此处用关系代词 who 代
指先行词 those，并作定语从句的主语。
主语从句
1. 位置
◎句首：That the earth travels around the sun is true
◎It (形式主语) It worried her a lot that her hair turned gray.
2. 引导词
◎that 引导(句子中不充当成分，不可省)
◎if/whether z 区别：引导主语从句，只能用 whether
◎wh- 引导 what you are doing seems very difficult.
注意点
◎疑问语气→陈述语气
◎主谓一致
◎that 引导的主语从句常用形式主语 it 代替
◎ It’s + necessary/important/natural/strange that sb (should) do
二．宾语从句
1. 位置
◎动宾：I don’t know where he is.
◎介宾：he only laughed at what we said.
◎it 形式宾语 we thought it good news that he would come the next day.
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2. 引导词
◎ that 引导 he told me (that) he didn’t pass the exam (不充当成分，可以省)
◎动宾+if/whether 引导(皆可)
◎wh- 引导
3.注意点
◎宾语从句第二个开始的 that 不可省
I know (that) the earth travels around the sun and that what he said is true。
◎疑问语气→陈述语气
◎I don’t know what is the matter
◎否定前移 （think/consider/suppose/believe/expect/guess/imagine......）
I don’t think the dress fits you well.
3. 只用 whether 情况
◎介词+whether
◎whether+to do /....or to
◎表示强调/引导主从或是表从
Our success depends on whether he will come to our aid or not.
归纳：if 和 whether 区别：whether 用法比 if 广，同时出现选择 whether,除了 if 表示假如的意思。
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