2021 中考英语代词专项复习
1 代词语法的基本框架
代词可以分为以下七大类
1
人称
代词
主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
2
物主
代词
形容词性 my, your, his, her, its, our, their
名词性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
3 反身代词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themsel
ves
4 指示代词 this, that, these, those, such, some
5 疑问代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever
6 关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as
7 不定代词
one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a fe
w/ a little,
other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either
形容词性物主代词的相关短语 all one’s life 某人一生,终生 change one’s mind 改
变某人的主意 lose one’s life 某人丧生 take one’s time 不着急,慢慢来 with one’s help 在
某人的帮助下 do/try one’s best 尽某人最大的努力 lose one’s way 某人迷路 hold one’s
breath 某人屏住呼吸 make up one’s mind 某人下定决心 to one’s surprise 令某人感到惊
讶的是
反身代词的相关短语 dress oneself 自己穿衣服 by oneself 单独地,独自地 keep sth. to
oneself 保密 prove oneself 证明自己 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 hurt oneself 伤害自己 for
oneself 为自己,亲自 come to oneself 恢复,苏醒 lose oneself 失去自我 help oneself (to)
自用(食物等)teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学
不定代词用法注意点
1. one, some 与 any1) one 可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为 ones。some 多用于肯定
句,any 多用于疑问句和否定句。2) some 可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或
者表示建议,请求等。Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some
money?3) some 和 any 修饰可数名词单数时,some 表示某个,any 表示任何一个。I have
read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.
2. each 和 everyeach 强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上,而 every 强调整体,所
指的数必须是三个或三个以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a
dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points. / Every
one of us has strong and weak points.
3. none 和 nono 等于 not any,作定语。none 作主语或宾语,代替不可数名词,谓语用单
数 , 代 替 可 数 名 词 , 谓 语 单 复 数 皆 可 以 。 There is no water in the
bottle. How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the
students are (is) afraid of difficulties.
4. other 和 another1) other 泛指“另外的,别的”the other 特指两者中的另外一个,复数为
the others。He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.Two students in our
class failed, but all the others passed the exam.2) another 指“又一个,另一个”无所指,复
数 形 式 是 others , 泛 指 “ 别 的 人 或 事 ”I don’t like this shirt, please show me another
(one).Some like football, while others like basketball.
5. all 和 both, neither 和 eitherall 表示不可数名词时,其谓语动词用单数。both 和 all 加否
定词表示部分否定,全部否定用 neither 和 none.All of the books are not written in English.
/ Not all of the books are written in English.Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are
teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.
6. little 几乎没有 修饰 不可数名词 a little 一些 修饰 不可数名词 few 几乎没有 修饰 可
数名词 a few 一些 修饰 可数名词
7. 复合不定代词 复合不定代词的辨析及复合不定代词与形容词的位置关系上。解答不定
代词的辨析类试题,首先要分析语境或找出句中的关键词,并明确代词所指代的对象:①指
代人还是指代物;②肯定概念还是否定概念;③有没有固定句型。因此考生在复习过程中应
掌握复合不定代词的基本用法。
2 代词在选择题中的运用当选项同为人称代词(I,she, you, he),物主代词(my, his,
her, your)或反身代词(himself, herself, myself, yourself)时,根据句子中的提示词或
已给出的人称来判断空格处相应的代词。如:能代表第三人称 she 以及相关形式的提示词
有:lady, woman, mother, Miss, Mrs., sister, aunt, Lily, girl 等等;能代表第三人
称 he 以及相关形式的提示词有:gentleman, man, father, Mr., brother, uncle, boy 等等
1—Excuse me, what’s your name?—_____ name is Betty.A. My B. His C. Her D.
Your
【答案】A【解析】考查物主代词词义辨析。句意“打扰一下,请问你叫什么名字?”“____
名字是贝蒂。”四个选项都为形容词性物主代词。根据句子中的”your”可知,问的对象是你,
所以回合时主语应该是“我”,此处是指“我的名字是贝蒂”。故选 A。
2.Each time I listen to Erquan Yingyue, a picture of _____ sad beauty appears in my
mind.A. it B. its C. it’s D. itself
【答案】B【解析】考查代词的用法。句意为:每次我听《二泉映月》时一幅凄美的画面就
出现在我的脑海里。分析句子结构,空格处需修饰限定后面的名词 beauty,故用形容词性
物主代词 its。故选 B。
3.Help _____ to food and drinks, boys and girls!A. yours B. you C. your D.
yourselves【答案】D【解析】考查人称代词词义辨析。句意:男孩和女孩们!随意吃食物、
喝饮料吧!help oneself to 请自取……。再根据 boys and girls 可知为复数形式。故选 D。
4.Miss Zhang is _____ English teacher. She has taught in our school for ten years.A.
me B. my C. I D. mine
【答案】B【解析】考查人称代词词义辨析。句意为:张小姐是____英语老师。她在我们学
校教书 10 年了。根据句意可知此处是指“我的”英语老师,需用 I 的形容词性物主代词 my 修
饰。故选 B。
5.This morning I forgot to bring food. And it’s kind of you to share _____ with me.A.
you B. yours C. my D. mine
【答案】B【解析】考查人称代词词义辨析。句意为:今天早晨我忘记带食物了。你真好,
和我分享____。you 你(们),人称代词主格或宾格;yours 你(们)的,名词性物主代词;
my 我的,形容词性物主代词;mine 我的,名词性物主代词。由句意可知,空格处指物,故
应用能够替代 your food 的名词性物主代词。故选 B。
6.Whenever Mary reads an interesting story, she can’t keep it to _____ and wants to
share it with her friends. A. she B. her C. hers D. herself
【答案】D【解析】考查人称代词词义辨析。句意为:无论什么时候玛丽读到一则有趣的故
事,她都不能独享,并且想跟她的朋友们分享。she 她,代词主格;her 她,人物代词宾格
或形容词性物主代词;hers 她的,名词性物主代词;herself 她自己,反身代词。keep… to
oneself 为固定用法,意为“保守秘密”,故选 D。
7.—Which city would you like to live in, Beijing or Shanghai?—____. I’d like to choose
Kunming.A. Either B. Both C. Neither D. None
【答案】C【解析】考查不定代词词义辨析。句意“你想住在哪座城市,北京还是上海?”“____。
我会选择昆明。”Either 二者之一;Both 二者都;Neither 二者都不;None 没有一个,常指
对三者或三者以上事物或人的否定。从“I’d like to choose Kunming.”可知是对前面两座城市
的否定。因此,Neither 符合语境。故选 C。
8.—Can you speak Chinese, Steve?—Yes, only ____. I have been in China for only one
month.A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
【答案】D【解析】考查不定代词词义辨析。句意为“史蒂夫,你会说汉语吗?”“是的,只____。
我在中国仅仅待了一个月。”few 几乎没有(修饰可数名词复数);a few 一些、几个(修饰可数
名词复数);little 几乎没有(修饰不可数名词);a little 一点儿(修饰不可数名词)。根据答语“Yes”
以及“I have been in China for only one month.” 可知他会说,但会得不多,汉语是不可数
名词,所以用 a little。故选 D。
9.—How did you get the MP4, from a shop or by phone?— ____. I always like shopping
online.A. None B. Neither C. Both D. All
【答案】B【解析】考查不定代词词义辨析。句意为“你是如何买的这个 MP4,从商店还是
通过电话?” “____。我总是喜欢网购。”None(三者或三者以上)都不;Neither 两者都不;
Both 两者都;All(三者或三者以上)都。根据答语 “I always like shopping online.”可推知既
不是从商店买的,也不是通过电话买的,二者都不是。故选 B。
10.—Would you like to play basketball or football?— ____ is OK. I am good at both of
them, so it’s up to you. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. All
【答案】A【解析】考查不定代词词义辨析。句意:这道题是这么难,以至于____学生能回
答上来。根据前【解析】考查普通不定代词词义辨析。句意为“你想打篮球还是踢足球?”都
可以。两个我都擅长,所以你决定。Either 表示两者中任意一者;Neither 表示两者都不;
Both 表示两者都;All 表示三者或三者以上都。根据答语“I am good at both of them, so it’s up
to you.”可知,此处表示两者中任意一个都可以。故选 A。文“so difficult”可知后半句表示否
定含义,且 students 为可数名词复数。故选 A。
11—I don’t know how to do. Any good suggestions?—Don’t always think of yourself, and
you should also think of ____.A. the other B. another C. others D. other
【答案】C【解析】考查普通不定代词词义辨析。句意为“我不知道该怎么做。(你)有好
的建议吗?” “不要总想着你自己,你应该为____着想。” the other 两者中的另一个;another
三者及三者以上的另一个;others 其他的人/物;other 别的,其他的。根据句意可知此处指
“其他人”。故选 C。
12.My twin brothers promised my parents to give up playing computer games, but ____ of
them made it. A. either B. both C. none D. neither
【答案】D【解析】考查普通不定代词词义辨析。句意为:我的两个双胞胎哥哥(弟弟)向
我的父母许诺放弃玩电脑游戏,但是他们____做到。either 表示两者中的任何一个;both
表示两者都;none 表示三者或三者以上都不;neither 表示两者都不。根据本句中关键词 twin
brothers 可知是两个人,所以首先排除 C,同时由转折连词 but 可知两个哥哥(弟弟)都没
有实现他们的诺言。故选 D。
13.Most students are playing on the playground and there are still ____ students staying
in the classroom.A. a few B. few C. a little D. little
【答案】A【解析】考查普通不定代词词义辨析。句意:大部分学生正在操场上玩,还有____
学生待在教室。a few 修饰可数名词复数,表肯定;few 修饰可数名词复数,表否定;a little
修饰不可数名词,表肯定;little 修饰不可数名词,表否定。由句意可知是指“还有一些学生
待在教室里”。故选 A。
14.____ of my time is spent on learning. So I have made much progress in my study.A.
Many B. Much C. Few D. A few
【答案】B【解析】考查普通不定代词词义辨析。句意为:我大多数的时间都花费在学习上。
所以我在学习上取得了很大进步。time 为不可数名词,故选 B。
15.There is ___ juice in the fridge. I must go to the supermarket at once to buy some.A.
much B. a few C. little D. many
【答案】C【解析】考查普通不定代词词义辨析。句意:冰箱里 果汁。我必须立即去超市买
一些。根据后一句“立即去超市买一些”可知,冰箱里几乎没有果汁了,表示否定意义,juice
为不可数名词。故选 C。
16.—It’s sunny outside. Why not go out and have a look?—There ____ is here. I just
want to have a rest.A. nothing special B. something newC. everything
amazing D. anything similar
【答案】A【解析】考查复合不定代词的用法。句意“外边天气晴朗。为什么不出去看看呢?”“这
里____。我只想休息一下。”nothing special 没什么特别的;something new 一些新的东西;
everything amazing 令人惊奇的事情;anything similar 任何相似的事情。根据后句“I just
want to have a rest.我只想休息一下。(不想去看)”可知此处表达没什么特别的。故选 A。
17.—Where would you like to go this Mid-Autumn Festival?—I’d like to go ____.A.
everywhere relaxing B. somewhere relaxingC. peaceful anywhere D. peaceful
somewhere
【答案】B【解析】考查复合不定副词的用法。句意“这个中秋节你想去哪里?”“我想去____。”
地点副词与形容词连用时,形容词后置,排除选项 C、D。everywhere relaxing 使人放松的
每个地方;somewhere relaxing 使人放松的某个地方。结合句意可知选 B。
18.—Much personal information is stolen when people buy things on the
Internet.—Terrible! _____ must be done to keep the Internet safety.A. Everything B.
Anything C. Something D. Nothing
【答案】C【解析】考查复合不定代词词义辨析。句意为“许多用户的信息在他们网上购物
时被窃取了。”“真糟糕!____必须做 来保证网络安全。”Everything 每件事;Anything 任何
事;Something 一些事;Nothing 没有事。根据语境及常理可知应该做一些事来保证网络安
全。故选 C。
19.I find ____ necessary to learn about the customs of a country before you go there.A.
that B. this C. it D. one
【答案】C【解析】考查指示代词的用法。句意:我发现在去一个国家前,学习那个国家的风
俗习惯很有必要。that 那,那个,表远指;this 这,这个,表近指;it 它,指代上文提到的对象;one
一件,代表与上文同一类但不同一的事物。根据句意可知此处应是固定句型:find + it + adj. +
to do sth.,表示“发现做某事……”,其中 it 是形式宾语,动词不定式作真正的宾语。故选 C。
20—Hello, Linda speaking. Who’s ____?—Hello, this is Martin.A. it B. one C. that D.
this
【答案】C【解析】考查指示代词的用法。句意为“你好,我是琳达。____是谁?”“你好,我
是马丁。”打电话,询问对方是谁用 that,故选 C。
3 代词在正确形式填空题中的运用 根据语境判断填人称代词宾格的判断方
法: ①动词后作宾语 ②介词后作宾语。填物主代词的判断方法: ①空格后有
名词填形容词性物主代词; ②固定短语(try one’s best) ③动词或系动词后填形容
词性物主代词。
1.Last week the students went skating and enjoyed __________ very much. (them)
【答案】themselves【解析】句意:上周,学生们去滑冰了并且玩得非常开心。enjoy oneself
玩得开心,因主语为 the students,故填 themselves。
2.On my last birthday, my brother bought _____ a book as a gift.(I)
【答案】me【解析】句意:在我的上一个生日,我的哥哥给买了一本书作为礼物。bought
是动词,后面跟代词宾格形式作宾语,I 的宾格形式为 me。故填 me。
3. So far, our football team has won every match this year. That makes _____ feel
proud.(we)
【答案】us【解析】句意:至今,我们的足球队已经赢了,今年的每场比赛。这令我们骄
傲。make 为动词,后面跟代词宾格形式作宾语,we 的宾格形式是 us。故填 us。
4. Your classroom is on the second floor and ______ is on the third floor.(we)
【答案】ours【解析】句意:你们的教室在二楼,____在三楼。根据 and 可知,前后都指教
室。此处指我们的教室,题干没有出现 classroom,所以要用名词性物主代词 ours,故填 ours。
5. The two girls helped a woman find her lost son on _______ way home. (they)
【答案】their【解析】句意:在____回家的路上,这两个女孩帮助一位女士找到了她走失
的儿子。on one's way home,意为“在某人回家的路上”,they 的形容词性物主代词为 their。
故填 their。
6.We shouldn’t take these game shows too seriously while watching _____.(they)
【答案】them【解析】句意:当我们观看这些游戏节目时,我们不应该太严肃地看待。动
词后跟人称代词宾格形式,故填 them。
7.If you are visiting a patient in hospital, you’d better keep ______ voice down and do not
disturb others.(you)
【答案】your【解析】句意:如果你正在看望住院的病人,你最好把____声音放低,不要
打扰其他人。根据句意可知此处是指“你的”声音, 应用 you 的形容词性物主代词。故填 your。
8.To _____ surprise, all my friends came to my birthday party. (I)
【答案】my【解析】句意:令____惊喜的是,我所有的朋友都来我的生日聚会了。to one’s
surprise 意为“令某人惊讶的是”,应填形容词性物主代词。故填 my。
4 代词在句子中的运用 it 的常用句型
(1)作形式主语:It is+ adj. +(for sb.)to do sth.对某人来说做某事是怎么样的。It takes/took
sb.some time/money to do sth.做某事花费某人多少时间/金钱。It’s+adj.+that 从句。
如:(2)作形式宾语:常用在动词 find, think, make, consider, feel 等词后。
练一练
一、完成句子
1.Both are working at that computer company.我和他都在那家电脑公司
上班
2.There is on the table. 桌子上有一些美味的东西
3.Would you like to eat?我想要一些吃的
4. took me three hours this work.完成这项工作花费了我 3 个小时。
5.It’s normal they have different .他们有不同的看法,这很正常。
6.It is for us to . 努力工作对我们来说很重要。
7.Do you think necessary to learn ? 你认为学会烹饪很
有必要吗?
【 答 案 】 1.he and I 2. something delicious 3. something4. It to finish5. that
views 6.important work hard7. it cooking
二、翻译句子
1.他的习惯和我的相同。
2.请随便吃一些蔬菜。
3.外面雨下得很大。
4.学英语对我们很重要。
5.这得天气和北京的不同。
6.我有两把笔,一把是红的,另一把是黑的。
7.我还需要三个小时才能完成这项工作。
【答案】1.His hobby is different from mine2.Help yourself to some vegetables3.It is raining
heavily outside4.It is important for us to learn English5.The wealth here is different from
that in Beijing6.I have two pens , one is red the other is bleak7.I need another three
hours to finish the work
5 代词在语篇中的运用 I’m Tom. I ‘m from NO.1 middle school. In my school, students
are usually interested in sports. Some like running ; 1 (一些) like
swimming 2 (其他的) like ball games. But 3 (我的) interest is different
from 4 (他们的). I like reading. There are quite 5 (一些) old books on the
shelf , but 6 (没有) of them is useful to 7 (我).I always 8 (自学) on
the internet. I have three friends in China. 9 (都)of them are famous doctors,
but 10 没有 of them has been to Britain. I really want to go to China to
meet 11 (我的一些朋友)and eat 12 (一些不同). I think we
will (玩的开心).
【答案】1. Some 2 others 3.mine 4.theirs 5.a few 6.none 7.me 8.teach
myself 9. All 10.none 11.some friends of mine 12. something different