中学英语常用短语及句型归纳（一）

2010高考英语一轮专题复习精品学案——中学英语常用短语及句型归纳 1．高考高频动词短语 （1）act短语： act as 担任……职务，起……作用            act for 代理（某人职务），代为（处理某事） act out 表演（对话、故事等）                 act up 捣乱，出毛病 例如： I acted as an interpreter while I was in Xiamen. Mr Black is acting for the old man in his case.  (布莱克先生代那个老人处理他的案件。) The children were acting out the story of the birth of Jesus. He’s a tough kid and he acts up a lot. （2）break短语： break away 摆脱，脱离                            break away from … 脱离……，奋力挣脱…… break down 出故障，坏掉，中止，累垮，分解 break in 打断，插话，闯入，强行进入    break into … 闯入……，破门而入           break (sth) off （使某物）折断，中断某事物，突然停止 break out （战争、火灾）突然发生，爆发 break out in tears 突然大哭                       break the rule 违反规定 break through 突围，冲跨                   break up 分解，分裂，拆散，碎开           例如: The thief broke away from the police, but was later caught. If you keep on working like that, you’ll break down sooner or later. The car broke down just on my way here. If anyone tries to break in, the alarm will go off. If anyone tries to break into the building, the alarm will go off. She broke off a bit of bread and dipped it in the soup. I broke off the conversation and answered the phone. Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out? It may take a long time to break through the problem. In spring the icebergs begin to break up. （3）bring短语： bring about 引起，导致，使发生              bring along 把……带来，领来 bring back 拿回来，使恢复                     bring sb back 送回某人 bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼，使……苏醒 （比较：sth / sb come back to life 复苏，苏醒） bring down 使……降低，减少，使……倒下，使……落下 bring down / up (the price) 降价／提价 [比较：(the price ) go down / up 价格下降 /上涨] bring in 引进（技术），赚钱，带来（收入），吸收 bring on 发展，引起，导致，使前进 bring out 拿出，出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出 bring to 使苏醒 bring … to use = put …to use 对……加以利用 bring / carry sth to / into effect 实施……（比较：sth come / go into effect 开始实施） bring up 抚养，培养，哺育                     例如： A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction of the rainforests. You’re welcome to bring along a friend. The government hopes these measures will help to bring down inflation (通货膨胀). American country music brings in more than $10 billion each year. This new kind of technology was brought in in the early 1980s. Stress can bring on (=lead to / result in) headaches and other illnesses. Jenny opened the cupboard and brought out a couple of bottles. He was brought up by his grandparents. （4）call短语： call at (sp) 访问（某地），拜访（某地）   [比较：call on (sb) 拜访（某人），访问（某人）] call back 回电话                                             call for 提倡，号召，要求，需要，去接某人，接走某人 call / shout for help 呼救                           call in 请来，召集，来访，打电话           call off 取消                                            call on / upon 号召          call out 大声呼喊，叫喊                          call sb…for short 简称某人……    call sb names 谩骂某人                             call up 给……打电话，使人想起，号召 例如： We called at Mike’s house yesterday. All ships sailing on the oceans call for help by radio in English. I’ll call for my uncle at Beijing Railway Station. Let’s call in a doctor for the little girl. Many of these songs called on / upon the workers to take up the struggle. I shall call on him tomorrow. I heard somebody calling out to me from downstairs. Call me up tomorrow; my number is 536291. Your letter calls up the days when we worked together fifteen years ago. Due to the bad weather, the sports meeting has been called off. （5）come短语： come about 发生，产生                            come across 偶然相遇 come along 来，随同，进展，加油          come at … 向……袭击 come back 回来，想起来，复活               come down 下来，下落，传下     come down to… 到达，从一处来到另一处 come for… 来拿，来取                        come from… 来自，出生于   come in 进来，进入                          come into being 形成，产生              come into use 使用起来                      come off 脱落，从……离开                  come on 过来，跟我来，加油，来吧，赶快 come on / upon sb / sth 偶然遇见，偶然碰上，偶然发现 come out 露出，出来，出现，出版，发（芽），（花）开 come over to… 过来，顺便来访，从一个地方来到另一个地方 come round / around （非正式）来访，串门 come to … 来到，出现，提及，达到，共计，结果是，苏醒 come to an end 结束，终止                 come to know 逐渐地知道          come to life （变得）活泼，苏醒过来      come to light 显露，为人所知 come to oneself 苏醒过来，恢复知觉      come to / into power 当权，上台                come / go to ruin = fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to terms with… 甘心忍受                        come true 变为现实，成为事实 come up 被提出，上来，走来，上升，抬头，长出来 come up to sb 朝某人走来 come up with … 提出，想出（主意），找出（答案），赶上 例如： A number of educational reforms have come about as a result of the report. I came across an old friend of mine in the street the other day. Your English is coming along really well. Come along / on! Don’t give up yet! Come along / on! We’re all waiting for you! Suddenly, he came at me with a knife. Now, let’s come back to what I was saying a moment ago. It is impossible for a dead animal to come back. Snow was coming down so thickly that I could hardly see through the window. The airplane came down in that field. Where does the film star come from, do you know? Mr Smith came in in a hurry, book in hand (= with a book in his hand). The law first came into being in 1912. By the time he came to / into power in 1951, he was already seventy. How long is it since the electronic computer came into use? The button came off, but he didn’t notice it. There is no doubt that the truth will come out one day. The trees turn green and flowers come out. This magazine comes out once a month. Why don’t you come around / round for lunch? Some day you’ll come to know the mistakes you have made. If they don’t come to a decision by midnight, the talks will be abandoned. I’ve forgotten her name, but maybe it’ll come to me later. The bill came to £480 in total. His dream of becoming a film star came true at last. A child came up to me and showed me the way. The same problems came up at the meeting yesterday. They came up with the same problems at the meeting yesterday. Searching through the drawer, I came upon the letter I’d been looking for. （6）cut短语： cut away 切除，剪去                         cut down 砍倒，砍下，削减 cut in 插嘴，加塞，插入                    cut in line 插队                         cut … into pieces / halves 把……切成碎片/切成两半 cut off 切断（线路），中断（供应）       cut out 删除，剪下来 cut the cost of … 降低……的成本         cut up 切碎，剪碎，剁碎，齐根切掉 例如： He cut away some branches, making it look more beautiful. A lot of trees there were cut down in the past. The electricity was cut off because of the storm. He was sentenced to death and had his head cut off the next day. Could you cut the pizza up, please? （7）do短语： do about 处理，应付                         do and don’t 要与不要    do a good deed 做一件好事                  do a lot of walking 走很多路    do a test 做实验，做化验                     do a word puzzle 猜字谜    do an experiment / experiments 做实验     do away with 废除 do body-building 做健身操                   do chores 处理琐事，干家务 do housework 做家务活                          do make-up 化妆，打扮         do observations 观察                             do one’s best 尽某人最大努力         do one’s homework 做作业                          do research on… 从事……研究工作        do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙                    do sb honor = do honor to sb 礼遇某人，对某人表示敬意 do sb the favour to do sth 帮某人一个忙做某事 do some reading 读书，阅读，看点书  do some shopping = go shopping 购物，买东西 do sports = have / play sports = take exercise 进行体育运动，做运动，进行锻炼 do sth in turn / by turns = take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事 do telephone interviews 进行电话采访 do the laundry 洗衣服                       do up 打扮，梳妆，收拾，把（衣服，鞋子等）扣/系好 do up one’s shoes / hair 系好鞋带/梳好头 do up the button 扣纽扣                                   do well / better in… 在……方面干得好/更好 do with 处理，处置，对付                do wrong 做坏事，做错事（比较：do right = do the right thing 做得对）   例如： To tell the truth, I don’t know how to do with him. I’ll have nothing to do with him from now on. What did you do with that camera you found? The poisonous waste may do great harm to the things around us. Eat more fruit; it will do good to you. I think I can do better in English this year than last year. Liszt said, “You’ve done wrong, but I can see you are truly sorry about it.” I’m going to do my best this year. I was only trying to do a good deed. （8）get短语： get a better understanding of China 更好地了解中国 get a full mark / full marks 得满分            get a lot of satisfaction 得到满足 get at 意指，本意是                                 get around = get about 四处走动，活动 get away 移走，拿走，逃脱，逃离          get away from 逃脱，逃离 get back 回来，回家，取回，找回，退还 get close to 接近                                     get down 下来，降下 get down on one’s knees 跪下                 get down to (doing) sth 开始（做）某事） get in 进入，收获，达到                      get in a word 插话       get into… 进入……                              get sb into… 使某人陷入 get it 接（电话），应（门），理解，懂得  get off 下车，脱下（衣服等）     get on 上车，过活                                      get on / along with… 进展，与……相处   get on one’s feet （艰难地）站立起来     get out 离开，出去          get out of 逃避，避免                              get over 克服，恢复，原谅                    get up 起床，起身                                    get across 理解，度过 get through 接通（电话），完成（工作），通过（考试） get to 到达，抵达                                   get to sleep 入睡，设法睡着 get / gain / take possession of 占有，拥有，占领 get ready for 为……做准备 （比较：be ready for = be well prepared for = be in preparation for 为……做好了准备） get rid of 除掉，去掉                        get sb to do 让某人做 get the idea for… 想到……的主意            get the message across 传播信息 get together 相聚，碰头，联欢                       get / be used to sth 习惯于……，适应于…… （比较：be used as sth 被用作…… be used for sth 被用于……，用来做…… be used to do sth 被用于做…… used to do sth 过去常常做） get / be dressed 穿衣服                             get / be engaged (to sb) （与某人）订婚 get / be lost 丢失了，迷路                        get / be married (to sb) = marry (sb) （与某人）结婚 get / be stuck 陷进去，被困住，被难住，遇到困难 get / be tired of 对……感到厌倦，对……失去兴趣 （比较：get / be tired for 因……而感到疲倦） 例如： I’m getting on well with my classmates now. How are you getting along with your English? He got the book away from her. The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away. When did you get back from the countryside? Have you got back the book you lent him? “Get down on your knees,” said the Genie, “for I am going to kill you.” The dust has got into my eyes. This mistake may get him into difficulties. Before I could get in a word he had measured me, and was giving orders for evening suits. If you knock into someone, or get into his way, you should say, “Excuse me.” or “I’m sorry.” When you are in London, you might get in touch with a friend of mine. The conductor got off and checked the rails. She got on her bicycle and cycled off. You work too hard! You should get out a bit more. If you don’t want to go, I suppose I can get rid of the ticket. We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time. It took us only four minutes to get through the Customs(海关). I telephoned him, but I just couldn’t get through to him. She felt so cold that she got close to her mother. It’s time we got down to work. The theatre was already full, and we couldn’t get in. The peasants are busy getting in the crops. We didn’t get up until lunch time. He got up and walked over to the window. [NextPage] （9）give短语： give away 赠送，给予，背弃，泄露，分发            give back 归还，送回                              give in 投降，让步，屈服                       give off 释放，发出，放出 (烟、光、热等) give out 用完，耗尽，分发，发放           give over = hand over 转交，移交 give up 放弃，辞去                                 give a concert 开音乐会 give a description of… 描述……               give / make a speech 演讲，讲话 give a talk 演讲，做报告                          give birth to 生婴儿，生产，造成 give close attention to 密切关注                give medical care to sb 对某人进行治疗 give shade in summer 夏天时遮阳             give / lend sb a hand 给某人帮助 give sb a message = give a message to sb 给某人捎个口信 give sb a second look 再看某人一眼          give sb a warm welcome 热烈欢迎某人            give sb some advice on sth / doing sth / how to do sth 就……向某人提出建议/忠告 例如： In those days, he used to give away a part of his income to help his friend. Remember not to give it away to anyone else; it’s a secret. Both sides argued with reason, and neither would give in. If they are burned, they will give off poisonous gases. When they made ready to climb the next ridge (山脊), they found that their oxygen had given out. Our English teacher is giving out the test papers. Both the man and the horse gave out after the long ride. All hope of finding the missing aircraft was given up and the search stopped. Mary had to give up her job after her marriage. Mr Black will give us a talk on how to learn English well this afternoon. Could you give us some advice on reading? If you won’t have it changed, please give my money back. （10）go短语： go abroad 出国                                        go about 四处走走，开始做，着手干 go about from house to house 挨/逐家拜访 go against 违反，违背 go ahead 说吧，干吧，领先，走在前面   go / walk around 四处走走 go away 走开，离去                                go back 回去 go beyond 超越                                       go by 走过，经过，（时间）消逝，过去 go down 下来，落下，倒下                            go down on one’s knees 跪下 go for 为……去，努力获取，主张，适用于    go for a hike = go hiking 去徒步旅行 go for a job interview 去面试找工作         go for a walk / walks 散步          go for sb 对某人也一样                          go in for 参加，喜欢 go into 详细调查                                     go into details 细说 go off 走开，离去，（闹钟）闹响            go off to = be off to = leave for 动身去 go off the air 停止广播（比较：go on the air 开始广播） go on 发生，进行，继续                         go / be on diet 在节食                go on (a) holiday 去度假                       go on a tour to 去……观光（游览） go on a visit to 去……访问（参观） go on doing sth 继续做某事（同一事）           [比较：go on to do sth 继续做某事（另一事）        go on with sth 继续某事] go out 熄灭，出去 ，外出                       go over 复习，过一遍，仔细检查，审阅 go past 从……的旁边过去                       go up 上升，上涨，增长，攀登 go with… 与……相配                              go without 忍受没有……之苦，没有……也行，没有……也能勉强应付 go shopping / fishing / sailing / camping / skating 去购物/钓鱼/驾船航行/宿营/滑冰 go straight along 沿着……一直往前走 go through 通过，经受，浏览，仔细检查       go through with 完成 go to bed （上床）睡觉                           go to school / work 上学/上班 go to sea 当水手                                      go to sleep 入睡 go to town 进城                                      go to a movie 去看电影 go to the country(side) 下乡                     go home / there 回家/去那儿              go to see a doctor 去看病，去看医生        go bad 变坏 go wrong 出毛病，不对头，做错事，误入歧途 go Dutch 各付各的帐，平摊费用 例如：    No one dared to go against the rules. —Do you mind if I open the window? / Do you mind my opening the window? —No, go ahead. I went away /off wondering if I’d said anything wrong. I’m afraid the fish has gone bad. Things will get easier as time goes by. He went by quickly, taking no notice of us. If you really want the job, go for it! Close all the doors and lock them when you go out. The same goes for windows. I go in for all the competitions. After a short pause, Maria went on with her story. Suddenly the candle went out. Once again I went over exactly what I needed to say. Let’s go over what we learned last period. Do you want me to go through this and check your spellings? Unemployment in that country has gone up by a million. It is possible to go without food for a few days. Something’s gone wrong with my watch; I must have it repaired. （11）have短语： have a break 休息一下                              have a bright future 有一个灿烂的未来 have (got) a cold / cough / headache / fever 感冒/咳嗽/头疼/发烧 have a conversation with sb 与某人交谈 [比较：have a dialogue with sb 与某人对话 have a talk with sb (about sth) （就某事）与某人进行交流 have a word with sb = would like a word with sb 和某人谈几句，跟某人说句话] have a gift for… 对……有天赋（比较：have a reputation for… 有……名誉/名声） have a good flight （坐飞机）旅途愉快 have a good knowledge of … 对……很熟悉，通晓…… have a good laugh over… 对……笑了个够 have a good / great / wonderful time = have (great) fun 玩得（非常）高兴，过得愉快 have a / the habit of …= be in a / the habit of… 有……的习惯 （比较：get into / form the habit of… 养成……的习惯         get sb into the habit of… 使某人养成……的习惯） have a hit 风靡一时                                  have a large population 人口众多       have / take a look 看一看                          have a meeting / party 开会/举行晚会 have a nice / pleasant trip / journey 祝旅途愉快 have (got ) a pain (in the…) （身体某部位）痛 have a part-time job 做兼职工作               have a (good) rest 休息 have / take a seat 坐下（比较：have / take one’s seat 坐某人的座位） have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼             have a sweet tooth 喜欢吃甜食 have a swim 游泳                                     have a table tennis match 举行一场乒乓球比赛 have a test 进行测验                                 have a try 试一试                                     have / show an appetite for… 有……的欲望或爱好 have / make an appointment with sb 和某人有预约, 和某人有约定 have an effect on / upon… 对……有影响，对……产生作用 （比较：influence… = affect … 对……有影响 have no effect / influence on … 对……没有影响 have a good / bad effect on … 对……有好/坏影响 have a great / little effect on … 对……有很大的影响/影响不大 have a strong influence on… 对……有很大影响） have / take an exam 参加考试                   have an eye for 有眼力，有眼光 have an income of … 有……的收入          have access to … 使用（接近……的）权利或机会 have breakfast / lunch / supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭 have lessons / classes 上课 have mercy on… 宽恕……，对……仁慈，对……表示怜悯  have no chance of surviving 没有生存的可能性 have no choice but to do sth 别无选择，只好做某事 have none of … 根本不理睬……                     have on 穿着                                           have sth on sb 某人身上带着某物             have / take one’s medicine 服药，吃药 have some difficulty / trouble / problems with … 在……有困难/麻烦事 [比较：have some difficulty / trouble / problems (in ) doing sth 做某事有困难/麻烦] have something / nothing in common (with…) （与……）有共同点／没有共同之处 （比较：have much / a lot in common with… 与……有许多相同之处 have little in common with… 与……几乎没有相同之处） have something / nothing to do with … 与……有关／无关 have to = have got to 不得不，必须          例如： Class is over. Let’s have a break. I’ve got a cough. Dad and I had a good laugh over that. They are having a good time. He stopped to have a look. We are going to have a table tennis match tomorrow afternoon. Are we going to have a meeting this week? Here is a tree. Let me have a rest. Are you going to have a swim？ We’ll have a test tomorrow. Where is Peter? I want to have a word with him. Does she have lunch at home？ Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep. He knew about the order, he knew why the soldiers were there, but he would have none of it. We have four lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. Most of his questions have nothing to do with his lessons. I noticed that he had on bedroom slippers. Please come here and have my seat, Granny. He hasn’t had any medicine. At three fifty in the afternoon we have sports. （12）hold短语： hold a meeting / party 开会/举行晚会        hold back 退缩，踌躇，阻挡，控制住 hold one’s breath 屏息，不出气                hold on 等一等，不要挂电话 hold on to 抓住，保住                             hold out 伸出，坚持下去，维持 hold up 阻挡，使停顿，举起，拿起，阻滞    hold together 连在一起，团结一致         例如： Anger flooded through her. She couldn’t hold it back. —Could I speak to Mr Smith?  —Hold on, please. The little boy held out his hands. I think water supplies won’t hold out much longer. Sorry, I’m late. I was held up at work. （13）keep短语： keep away from 避开，别靠近                 keep back 隐瞒，忍住，阻止……向前，留下 keep down 控制                                       keep off 勿踏，勿踩 keep off sb / sth 不接触或不接近某人/某事物   keep on 继续进行                                    keep out 不得入内                                          keep…out 把……挡住，把……留在外面keep out of … 不进入……                 keep up 继续，保持，坚持，使（情绪等）不低落 keep up with… = catch up with… 跟上，赶上   keep a date 赴约                                       keep a healthy diet 保持健康的饮食 keep a record / records 保持记录               keep an eye on 注视，留心，注意，照顾 （比较：keep an eye out for 注视，留心，注意） keep busy doing 忙着做某事                     keep fit 保持健康                keep…in mind = learn…by heart = remember… 把……记住 keep (on) doing sth 继续不停地做某事 [比较：keep sb doing sth 使某人一直/继续做某事 keep … from doing 阻止……做，不让……做 stop / prevent… (from) doing 妨碍/预防/阻止……做，不让……做] keep one’s appointment 守约（比较：break one’s appointment 违约） keep one’s balance 保持平衡                     keep one’s word(s) 遵守诺言       keep safe 保持安全                                  keep silent over … 对……保持沉默 keep the same look 保持原貌                    keep watch 保持警戒，站岗              例如： I would have been here sooner, but the rainstorm kept me back. Every week there was a rebellion（造反）somewhere, and the Austrian soldiers were kept busy hurrying from one town to another in order to put down the rebellions. While Leonov was outside the ship, he kept in touch by telephone with his companion and with the earth. He kept on telling us the same story over and over. You may depend on his doing what he says, for he is a person who always keeps his words. Danger! Keep out! Will this overcoat keep the rain out? It is also bad manners to keep silent when the teacher asks you a question. The rain kept up all night. I see you are getting along well with your English studies. Keep up the good work. The good news keeps our spirits up. He walked so fast that I could hardly keep up with him. Every few hundred meters along the wall there are watch-towers, where soldiers used to keep watch. There is a sign there saying, “Keep off the grass.” （14）knock短语： knock at /on 敲打（门、窗等）                knock down 把……撞倒，击倒 knock into 撞到，撞上某人，偶然碰见    knock sb out (of sth) 淘汰某人                  knock over 撞翻，撞倒 例如： We knocked at / on the door but there was no one there. He was in hospital last night after being knocked down by a car. Tom entered the classroom hurriedly and knocked into Mr. White. He almost knocked into me before he realized it. If no one answers the front door, try knocking at the back door. [NextPage] （15）look短语： look at 看着，注视，检查   look at oneself in the mirror = admire oneself in the mirror 照镜子 look after 照顾，照料，照看                    look ahead 向前看，展望未来 look around / about 四处看看，四下环顾  look back 回首，回忆，回顾过去             look back on… 回顾……，回忆…… look forward to sth /doing sth 盼望，期盼某事物/做某事 look for 寻找，找                                   look in 来访，参观 look into… 往……里面看，浏览，调查，研究 look (right) into sb’s eyes 直视着 look like… 看起来像…… （比较：look the same 看起来像） look on 旁观，观望 look out = be careful = take care 留神，当心，注意，警惕，提防 look out for 警惕，留心，找出来             look over… 翻阅，（仔细）检查               look through 看透，仔细查看，浏览，翻阅，温习 look up 仰视，往上看，（在字典或参考书中）查阅，查寻 look up to sb 敬仰，仰望，尊敬（比较：look down on / upon sb 瞧不起，鄙视，轻视） look / be worried 看上去/感到担心 例如： The boy is old enough to look after himself. He spent two weeks in Shanghai, looking around / about the city. We are looking forward to hearing from you soon. Join us. Don’t just look on. They all looked on him as a member of their family. Look out! There is danger ahead. I shall look out that I don’t trust him again. He looked through his notes before writing the report. Look through these photographs and try to pick out the man you see. I must look up the time of your train. A fox came to the tree and looked up at the cock. I’ve always looked up to Bill for his courage and determination. （16）make短语： make into 制成，作成（后面跟产品，制成品） [比较：be made in 在……生产/制造 be made of 由……组成/构成，用某种原材料制成（物理变化） be made from 由……组成/构成，用某种原材料制成（化学变化） be made up of = consist of 由……组成，由……构成] make out 理解，看清楚 make up 化妆，打扮，和解，配制，编造，虚构，构成，组成 make up for 弥补，补充，补偿                made up one’s mind 下决心 make a choice 做出选择                           make a commitment 承诺，保证 make a comment / comments (on / upon…) （对……）发表评论 make a (great) contribution to… 为……做出（巨大）贡献，为……捐款 make a decision 做出决定 　　　             make a (no) difference （没）有关系/影响 make a face / faces 扮鬼脸                        make a fire 生火         make a film / blockbuster／follow-ups 拍电影/巨片／续集 make a fool of sb = fool sb 愚弄某人（比较：make fool of … 愚弄） make / leave / create a good impression (on sb) （给某人）留下好印象 make a mistake / mistakes 犯错误 make (a) noise 制造噪音，发出令人不愉快的声音 make a note / notes of… 记录，做笔记 ，记下来 make a plan (for… ) （为……）制订计划，制订一个（……的）计划 make a point of doing sth 认为做某事重要或有必要 make a promise 承诺                         make a record 录制唱片，做记录 （比较：record a song 录一首歌                                    set a world record 创造世界记录） make (a) suggestion (on …) 提出（关于……）的建议 make a telephone call 打电话                    make / take a trip / journey to … 去某地旅行 make conversation 交谈                            make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵 make friends with sb 与某人交朋友           make fun of… 取笑，嘲笑，和……开玩笑 make it（事业上）获得成功                            make jokes about sb 拿某人开玩笑，以某人为笑柄 make mistake about… 犯了……错误         make / earn money 挣钱 make oneself at home 不拘束，别客气      make oneself known 使/让自己出名 make one’s way to… 往……走去              make progress (in …) （在……方面）取得进步 make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通       make sense of… 弄懂……的意思 make sth to (one’s own) measure （按自己的尺寸）定做 make sure 确保，确认，查明 make the adjustment to… 适应……          make the / one’s bed 整理床铺                         make (full) use of …= make the most / best of … (充分)利用 例如： Bamboo is also made into paper. Our desks and chairs are made of wood. The paper for books and newspapers also is made from wood. This engine is made up of 490 parts. The actor made himself up for the part of an old man. These days many girls make up when they are still quite young. She made up a good lunch from bits and pieces. There isn’t any little girl called Kitty here. He has just made her up. Hard work can often make up for lack of intelligence. Everyone should make full use of time. But wait till you see what we’ll make for you to your own measure. I have made up my mind, and nothing you say will change it. They made fun of my mistakes when I tried to speak English. （17）pass短语： pass away 去世，死（委婉说法）            pass by 通过，从旁边经过 pass down 传下来，流传，使世代相传 ，一代一代传下去 pass on (to sb) 转交给(某人)，传给(某人) pass on from one generation to the next 一代代流传下来 pass out 失去知觉，昏厥                          pass through 穿过，越过 pass sth from one to another 把某事物从一人传到另一人手上 pass the examination 通过考试 例如： Dr Johnson passed away last night. They all waved to us as they passed by. The tradition has been passed down from father to son for generations. She said she’d pass the message on to the other students. I nearly passed out when I saw the blood. （18）pay短语： pay attention to … 对……注意，留心…… pay a visit to sb / a place 访问，拜访（某人），参观（某地） pay back 偿还（借款），报答，报复              pay for 付款，付费，付代价 （比较：pay a high price for … 付高价） pay off 还清（欠款）                              pay sb a visit 拜访某人 pay the bill 买单，付帐单 例如： He promised to pay the money back by Friday. The old in our city don’t need to pay for transport. After ten years of hard work he paid off all his debts at last. （19）pick短语： pick out 挑选，认出 pick up 拾起，接收，学会（语言），开车去接，康复，购买（便宜商品） 例如： His story was picked out as the best by the judges. The phone rang and I picked it up. I’ll pick you up at the station. I managed to pick up an American news broadcast. After a short break they picked up the topic they talked about earlier. I picked up the unusual stamp by accident. I picked up a few words of Greek when I was there last year. （20）put短语： put away 将某物收拾起来，存钱，储存，存起来 put down 扑灭，平息，镇压，记下 put forward 提出，建议，推荐                 put off 延期，拖延 put on （戏）上演，放（唱片），穿戴    put on a performance 演出 put out 扑灭，熄灭，使……停止燃烧，伸出，出版，生产 put up 挂起，张贴，举起，抬起，搭起，建立 put up with 忍受，容忍                           put into 使进入，输入，投入 put／translate…into 把……译成              put one’s heart into… 全神贯注于…… put sb in / into prison 把某人关进监狱      put …to use 使用……，运用……             put a date to sth 注明日期 （比较：set / fix the date 确定日期         to date 到目前为止） put an end to … 结束……                        put …together 把……放在一起 例如： We put away the tools before we leave the workshop. All the medical workers in the region helped to put down the influenza epidemic（流感）. Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today. We are putting the play on again next week owing to its success. The firemen soon put the fire out. The doctor told me to put out my tongue. It’s time that we put up the Christmas decorations（装饰物）in the living room. Drop your weapons and put your hands up. Another supermarket has been put up near our house. I can’t put up with a lot of noisy people when I am working. The government is putting more money into education this year. As students, we should put our heart into studies. （21）send短语： send away 让走开                                    send for sb 派人去请某人，请某人来 send in 寄送某处进行处理                       send out 派遣，发出（信号、通知等） send up 发射，射出，往上送                   send sb to sleep 让某人睡觉 send signals by … 通过……发送信号 例如： Get back into bed. I’ll send for the doctor. The ship is in danger; it is sending out an SOS signal. The rocket will be sent up tomorrow morning. （22）set短语： set about (doing) sth 着手，开始         set aside 留出，搁/放在一边 set down 放下，记下                         set off 出发，起程，引起爆炸，激起，引起 set out (for…) 出发往（……），动身去（……） set out to do 开始做，着手做                   set up 创立，设立，开办，竖起，支起 set /give a (good) example to… 为……树立（好）榜样 set a goal 设定目标                           set fire to sth = set sth on fire 纵火，放火烧 set foot on / in… 踏上……，到达，进入        set one’s mind to do sth 一心想做 set sail for 起航去……                            set sail from 从……起航 set sb a good example in … 在……为某人树立榜样 set sb free 释放某人，解放某人                       例如： As soon as she arrived, she set about tidying up（整理）the room. Try to set aside some time each day for exercise. They’ve set off on a trip round the world. Together the four men set out to look for the lost animal. He set out to write a history of civilization（文明）. We’ll certainly set up a complete modern industrial system. A few scarecrows（稻草人）were set up in the field. Let’s set up the tent first, and build the fire later. The police are trying to find out who set fire to the building last night. He was set free after three years in prison. Comrade Lei Feng set a good example to us all. （23）stand短语： stand by sb = support sb = take sb’s side 支持某人 stand for 代表，表示，象征，容忍，支持/拥护，为……的候选人 stand out 突出，显眼                               stand up 起立，站起来 stand still = stay still 站着不动 例如： CPC stands for the Communist Party of China. Stand still, and let me take a picture of you. （24）take短语： take after 与某人相像                               take along 带领，携带 take … apart = separate … 把……分开     take away 拿走，拿去，使离开                take away from… 从……带／拿走           take back 退回，拿回，收回                    take down 拿下，记下，记录                   take for… 当作……，误以为是……        take in 吸收，接纳，上当 take off （飞机）起飞，脱掉（衣帽/鞋），成名，成功，很快上升，开始流行/畅销 take on 呈现                                                  take out 拿出，取出 take over 继承，接管，接替 take up 从事，开始，专注于，占去（时间、空间、地位等） take a bank loan 向银行贷款                     take a bath 洗澡                                       take a chance / chances 碰运气，冒险        take a critical attitude towards… 对……持批判态度 take a few deep breaths 深呼吸              take / have a degree in … 取得……学位 take a hands-on approach to education 通过动手实践的方式来进行接受教育 take a message (to sb) （给某人）捎个口信 比较：leave a message (to sb) （给某人）留个口信 take a photo (of …) （给……）照相，拍（……）照片 take a risk / risks 冒险                            take a shower 沐浴，洗澡 take a sip 呡一小口                                  take a taxi to... = go to ...by taxi 乘出租车 take a walk / ride / holiday 散步／兜风／休假 take (an) interest in … 对……感兴趣 （比较：be into = be interested in 对……感兴趣 have / show interest in 对……感兴趣） take advantage of 对……加以利用 take … by surprise 对……突然袭击，出乎……意料 take care 小心, 注意                               take care of 照顾，照看 take effect 生效，奏效                             take exercise 运动，活动 take … for example 以……为例                      take / get / catch hold of 握住，抓住 take it easy 放心好了，别着急，从容，不紧张 take ... into consideration 顾及，考虑到，体谅 （比较：under consideration 在考虑中，在研究中） take lessons 上课                                      take notes 做笔记，做记录 take notice of 注意                                  take one’s seat 就座，坐在自己位子上（转义为就职） take one’s time 从容，不急，慢慢行动 [比较：take time 花费（时间）] take part 参加 （比较：take part in… = join in… = participate in… 参加…… take an active part in… 积极参加……） take place 发生，出现，举行 [比较：take the place of … = take sb’s place 取代，代替（某人的位置）] take pride in …= be proud of… 对……感到自豪 take responsibility for … = be responsible for … 对……负起责任 take sb in the arms 拥抱，搂抱 take / hold / keep sb prisoner 囚禁/俘虏某人 （比较：sb be taken / held / kept prisoner 某人被囚禁/俘虏） take sb seriously 看重某人 take sb some time to do sth 花费某人……时间去做某事 take sb’s temperature 给某人量体温        take sth along with sb 随身携带某物 take shelter 躲避                                      take sides with sb in sth 在某事上支持/偏袒某人 take steps / measures / action to do sth 采取措施做某事，采取（……的）行动 take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事 例如： I’m sorry. I’ll take back what I said. Take care! The car is coming. My plane takes off at 11:00 sharp. We can’t have such a big table in this small room. It takes up too much room.