应对2010高考英语基础知识大盘点（一）

应对2010高考英语基础知识大盘点 一、英语常用句型 　　1．否定句型 　　1)一般否定句 　　I don't know this. No news is good news. 　　There is no person (smoking)/ not a person/ not any person (smoking) in the house. 　　2)特指否定 　　She went to his office, not to see him. 　　I am sorry for not coming on time. 　　I don't think/ believe/ suppose/ feel/ imagine you are right. 　　3)部分否定 　　All is not gold that glitters. 　　I don't know all of them. 　　I can't see everybody/everything. 　　Both of them are not right. 　　4)全体否定 　　None of my friends smoke. 　　I can see nothing/nobody. 　　Neither of them is right. 　　Nothing can be so simple as this. 　　5)延续否定 　　You didn't see him, neither/nor did I. 　　You don't know, I don't know either. 　　He doesn't know English, let alone/ to say nothing of/ not to speak of (更不用说)French. 　　6)半否定句 　　We seldom/ hardly/ scarcely/ barely hear such fine singing. 　　I know little English. I saw few people. 　　7)双重否定 　　You can't make something out of nothing. 　　What's done cannot be undone. 　　There is no sweet without sweat. 　　No gain without pains. 　　I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it. 　　8)排除否定 　　Everyone is ready except you. 　　He did nothing but play. 　　But for your help, I couldn't have done it. 　　9)加强否定 　　Whatever you say, I won't do it at all. 　　I can't see it any more, though I have looked for it everywhere. 　　He is now a man. He is no longer a boy. 　　2．判断句型 　　1)一般判断句 　　It is important for us to learn English. 　　It is kind of you to help me. Sincere means honest. 　　The boy is called/ named Tom. 　　We regarded/consider it as an honor. 　　2)强调判断 　　It is English that we should learn. 　　It is he who helped me a lot. 　　3)弱式判断 　　Your sentence doesn't sound/ look/ appear/ feel right. 　　You look/ seem as if/ as though you had been there before. 　　Maybe/ Perhaps she is ill. 　　It is possible that he hasn't grasped what you have said. 　　4)注释判断 　　He can remember so many English words, that is (to say) he is a living dictionary(活字典)． 　　5)正反判断 　　That sounds all right, but in fact it is on the contrary/ it is not. 　　6)比较判断 　　It is more a picture than a poem. 　　He or you are wrong. 　　Either he is right or I am. 　　3．祝愿祈使句式 　　1)一般句式 　　Study hard and keep fit. 　　2)强调句式 　　Do tell me. It's no need to keep it a secret. 　　Never tell a lie. You should be an honest boy. 　　3)委婉祈使句 　　Please tell me the truth. 　　Would/Will/Won't do me a favor? 　　Would/Do you mind my smoking? 　　What/How about going on foot? 　　4) 建议祈使句 　　Let us go. Let us know the time. 　　Let's not waste the time. 　　You'd better start early. 　　Shall we listen to some music? 　　Why don't you get something to drink? 　　Suppose/ Supposing you pick me up at about six? 　　I suggest we (should) take the train instead of a bus. 　　5)祝愿句 　　Success to you! 　　Wish you a good journey. 　　May you have a happy marriage? 　　Allow me to propose a toast to our friendship! 　　4．数词句型 　　1)表数目 　　It is exactly ten o'clock/ It's ten o'clock sharp. 　　It is five miles away from here. 　　He is more than/over/ at least/not less than 20. 　　He is under/ at most/no more than 20. 　　2) 表年月日 　　He was born on April 22 1994/in 1994 on the morning of Oct.1. 　　3) 表年龄 　　He is 20 years old/ years of age. 　　He is at the age of 10. 　　He is in his teens/ twenties/ thirties/... 　　4) 表倍数 　　It is four times that of last years. 　　This is four times as big (again) as that one. 　　This is four times bigger than that one. 　　The income is double what it was. 　　The output of coal was 200% greater than in 1998. 　　5) 表计量 　　It is 10 meters long/ wide/ high. / 10 meters in length/ width/ height. 　　It costs me 100 yuan. 　　I spent 10 hours finishing it. 　　It took me 10 days to finish it. 　　It is worth 100 yuan. 　　5．关联指代句型 　　1) 两项关联 　　I have two books, one is Chinese; the other English. 　　I have five books, one is Chinese; the others English. 　　To say is one thing, but/ and to do is another. 　　On (the) one hand, I am your teacher, and on the other hand, I am also your friend. 　　Some like to play football, others are fond of basketball. 　　2) 先后顺序 　　First/ Firstly, I wish good health, second/secondly success in your study, third/ thirdly good luck in everything. 　　First stop, then look, finally cross. 　　At first/ In the beginning he works hard. Later/ Afterwards he is not so diligent. 　　3) 修饰限制 　　This is the same book as I lost yesterday. 　　This is the same book that I lost yesterday. (同一本书) 　　Don't trust such a man as over praise you. 　　He/ One/ Those/ They who should come failed to appear. 　　A man/ A person/ The one/ Anyone/ People who saw her liked her very much. 　　The day/ time/ moment will come when China is the strongest in the world. 　　4)两项连接 　　He can speak not only English but also French. 　　The book is both interesting and instructive. 　　It is neither cold nor hot. 　　Please either come in or go out. 　　The old worker has experience and knowledge as well. 　　5) 加和关系 　　Besides literature, we have grammar and writing. 　　Apart from oxygen, there are some other gases in the air. 　　In addition to "if"，there are many other conjunctions that can introduce conditional clauses. 　　I must go now, incidentally, if you want that book. 　　You seem to like tea, so do I. 　　6．比较句型 　　1) 等比句 　　He is as tall as I. 　　He is the same height as I. 　　She is no less diligent than he. 　　The lab is no better than a cottage. 　　2)差比句 　　I speak English worse than he does. 　　He is not so/as tall as I am. 　　3)极比句 　　He is the tallest of all in the class. 　　None/No one is so blind as those that won't see. 　　Nothing is so easy as this. 　　I can't agree more. 　　I have never spent a better night. 　　4) 比例句 　　The more a man knows, the more he feels his ignorance(无知)． 　　5)择比句 　　He is taller than any other boy in the class. 　　It is better late than never. 　　They would die than live as slaves. 　　He prefers doing to talking. 　　He prefers to do rather than to talk. 　　He prefers mathematics to English. 　　I'd rather stay here. 　　6)对比句 　　You think me idle, but on the contrary, I am busy. 　　They are working hard while you are wasting your time. 　　7．比喻句型 　　She is as cute as a newborn kitten. 　　You are my star in the night. 　　8．条件假设句 　　1)一般事实 　　If we succeed, what will the people say? 　　Suppose it rains, what shall we do? 　　Persevere(坚持)and you'll succeed. 　　2) 虚拟条件句 　　If I were a teacher, I wouldn't scold my pupils like that. 　　If you had seen it, you would have been moved. 　　3) 反条件句 　　Unless you try, you'll never succeed. 　　Don't move, or/ else/ otherwise I'll shoot. 　　4) 唯一条件句 　　If only I have another chance, I shall do better. 　　Only in this way can we learn English well. 　　So/ As long as we don't lose heart, we'll succeed. 　　5) 推论条件句 　　Since that is so, there is no more to say. 　　Now that you are a grown-up, you must stop this behavior. 　　9．时间句型 　　1)一般时 　　When I see him, I'll tell him. 　　2)表同时 　　You'll grow wiser as you grow older. 　　Work while you work, play while you play. 　　He worked, at the same time/ in the meantime/ meanwhile he listened to the music. 　　3) 限制时 　　Every/ Each time when I went to his house, he was out. 　　By the time that we got there, he was out. 　　4) 交替时 　　Sometimes he sings, sometimes he dances. 　　At one time the baby cries, at another it talks. 　　5) 先时 　　I stopped him before he began to talk with me. 　　6) 后时 　　I'll tell you after I finish it. 　　7) 紧接时 　　As soon as I see him, I'll tell him. 　　Once you begin, you must continue. 　　The (very) moment/instant (that) I saw him, I recognized him. 　　On hearing the news, she bust into tears. 　　Hardly had I seen the light, when I heard a loud thundering. 　　8) 延续时 　　I haven't seen him since I came here. 　　A friend is never known till/ until a man has need. [NextPage] 　　10．地点句型 　　1)一般地点 　　Where have you been? 　　Where there is a will, there is a way. 　　2) 方位 　　Hebei lies in the east of China. 　　Japan is/ lies to the east of China. 　　The house faces (to) the south. 　　He is sitting in the front of the classroom. 　　He is standing in front of/ before me. 　　He is sitting at the back of/ behind me. 　　He is sitting at the back of/ at the rear of the classroom. 　　He is sitting next to/besides me. 　　He is sitting close to/ near me. 　　At the top of/On top of the shelf, there are some books. 　　He is sitting on the left/ right. 　　The mountain you see to the right is the Purple Mountain. 　　11．原因句型 　　He didn't go to school because he was ill. 　　Since we are all here, let's begin our meeting. 　　It might rain yesterday, for the ground was wet. 　　Now (that) we have finished the work, we can go home. 　　I am glad to meet you. 　　I am sorry that I hear you have been ill. 　　I owe you a lot of thanks for your kindness to me in all these years. 　　That is why he failed to come. 　　He didn't come because of/ on account of the weather. 　　He went out of curiosity. 　　I succeeded thanks to his help. 　　This failure is due to the fact they lack experience. 　　Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled. 　　For what reason did you choose this? 　　What's the point of asking him to do that? 　　How come you never told me about it? 　　What with the wind and what with the rain, our walk was spoiled. 　　12．目的句型 　　He stopped aside so that she could go in. 　　He sits in the front in order that he can see words on the screen clearly. 　　He gets up early so as to/ in order to have time to do exercises. 　　He repeated it for fear that there should be any mistake. 　　13．结果句型 　　It was very cold, so that the river froze. 　　They cost a lot of money, so/ therefore we use them carefully. 　　He is such a good man that every one likes him. 　　He ran so fast that no one could catch him. 　　He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty. 　　I was caught in the rain. As a result, I had a bad cold. 　　14．程度句型 　　How often do you write to your parents? 　　How long do you stay at home? 　　It is so beautiful that we all love it. 　　Maybe the task is too much for you. 　　He is too excited to speak. 　　He is not old enough to know this. 　　The letter must be sent as soon as possible. 　　You must work as hard as you can. 　　As far as I know, I can speak only English. 　　15．让步句型 　　Though/ Although he is rich, (yet/ still) he doesn't show off. 　　Young as he is, he know a lot of things. 　　Even if/ though he succeeded, he was not proud. 　　No matter what you say, I'll still try to do it. 　　Keep calm, whatever/ no matter what happens. 　　In spite of this, we must go ahead with our plans. 　　Regardless of/ In spite of/ Despite all the difficulties, we'll fight it out to the end. 　　16．转折句型 　　I searched everywhere but could not find him. 　　You may go, only return quickly. 　　He is seriously ill, still there is hope of his recovery. 　　It looked like rain, however it was clear in the afternoon. 　　He is still young, yet he is high up in the position. 　　He didn't tell me the truth, I know it, though. 　　17．省略句 　　I think/ say/ suppose/ expect/ believe/ hope so. 　　Why not come earlier next time? 　　二、英语阅读理解及书面表达必备词组 　　above all　　　首先，尤其重要的，最重要的 　　by accident   偶然，无意中 　　be active in   对(于)……很积极 　　add up to  合计为 　　admit one's mistake  承认错误 　　take/follow one's advice  接受某人的建议 　　give advice on  就……提出建议 　　advice sb. to do sth.  建议某人做某事 　　the day after tomorrow  后天 　　after all  毕竟；终究 　　against one's will  违心 　　at the age of  在……岁时 　　achieve one's aim  实现目标 　　in the air  在空中；悬而未决 　　in the open air  在户外，在露天里 　　at the airport  在机场 　　the fire alarm  火警 　　be filled with anger  满腔怒火 　　be angry at sth.  因某人之言行而生气 　　be angry with sb.  生某人的气 　　make an announcement  通知 　　one after another  相继地，按顺序地 　　one another  相互，彼此(三者或三者以上之间) 　　each other  相互(指两者之间) 　　give no answer  没有回答 　　be anxious about  为……而担心 　　be anxious to do sth.  急于做某事 　　live apart  分开住 　　apart from  除了 　　make/offer an apology to sb.for sth.  因某事向某人认错或道歉 　　argue with sb. about sth.  与某人争论某事 　　lay sth. aside  放在一边 　　ask sb. for advice/help  请某人指点/帮助 　　be astonished at sth.  惊讶于…… 　　at one time  以前，曾经 　　pay attention to  注意 　　take a correct attitude towards sth.  对……抱正确的态度 　　attract one's attention  引起(注意，兴趣等) 　　lie/swim on one's back  仰卧/仰泳 　　a bad cold  重感冒 　　two pieces of baggage  两件行李 　　keep/lose one's balance  保持/失去平衡 　　at the ball  在舞会上 　　have/take a cold bath  洗冷水澡 　　be killed in battle  阵亡 　　on the beach  在海滩 　　make the bed  整理床铺 　　begin with  以……开始 　　at the beginning of  在……起始，开始 　　from beginning to end  自始至终 　　come into being  形成……局面；产生 　　a safety belt  安全带 　　Second thoughts are best.  三思而后行 　　do/try one's best  尽力，尽最大的努力 　　make the best of  尽量利用，善用 　　all the best  一切顺利，万事如意 　　in bold  黑体的，粗体的 　　be born in a peasant's family  出身于农民家庭 　　make a bow  鞠躬 　　use one's brains  动动脑子 　　break the record  打破纪录 　　take a deep breath  深吸一口气 　　hold one's breath  屏息；憋住气 　　out of breath  上气不接下气 　　brush one's teeth  刷牙 　　burst into tears  突然哭起来 　　a burst of laughter  突然一阵大笑 　　but for  要不是 　　a call for help  呼救声 　　keep calm  保持镇静(别慌) 　　keep quiet  保持安静(别吵) 　　keep still  保持不动(别动) 　　keep silent  保持沉默(别说话) 　　a summer camp  夏令营 　　go camping  去野营 　　cannot help doing  情不自禁…… 　　play cards  打牌 　　take care of   照顾，保管 　　medical care  医疗护理 　　in that case  假若那样的话 　　in case  以防万一 　　rain cats and dogs  下倾盆大雨 　　catch up with  赶上(或超过) 　　by chance  偶然 　　free of charge  免费 　　in charge  主管，在掌管之下 　　in the charge of  由……负责 　　take charge  掌管，负责 　　cheer up  高兴起来 　　in one's childhood  童年时 　　make a choice  挑选，选择 　　at Christmas  圣诞节时 　　go to church  去做礼拜 　　cigarette end  烟头 　　give sb. a clap  为……鼓掌 　　get close to  接近 　　a table cloth  一块桌布 　　a suit of clothes  一套衣服 　　children's clothing  童装 　　collect stamps  集邮 　　come about  产生，发生 　　come across  (偶然)遇见或发现 　　come up  走过来；长出，发芽，上升；抬头 　　in common  共同，共有 　　compete in a contest  参加比赛 　　give a concert   举办音乐会 　　on condition that  条件是 　　congratulate sb. on sth.  祝贺某人 　　on the contrary  相反地 　　out of control  失控 　　have a conversation with sb.  与……谈话；交谈 　　in/during the course of  在……期间/过程中 　　be covered with  被……覆盖 　　be cross with sb. at sth.  因某事和某人发脾气 　　cross out  划掉 　　be cruel to sb.  对……残忍 　　cubic meter   立方米 　　be curious about sth.  对……感到好奇 　　do great damage to   对……造成巨大损害