2010年高考——名词和冠词复习

2010年高考——名词和冠词复习 教学目标：复习名词和冠词的语法 重难点：1. 掌握高考的命题方向 2. 归纳理解定冠词和零冠词的特殊的用法 3. 比较认识近义名词的辨析和冠词在语境中的应用 教学方法：归纳，展现典型例句，比较等手法   u  名词在高考中的考察重点： 一般在单项选择以及完型填空和短文改错中出现，绝大多数是考查名词词义辨析，名词和表示数量词结合的考查，以及主谓一致的考查以及在具体语境中的理解和应用也将占有一席之地。 解题方法： 1.  熟记近义名词的辨析 2.  熟记常见的不可数名词，单复数同形的名词，形单义复的名词和集合名词表示单复数的情况，如：advice, furniture, equipment; means, works (工厂), series; police, cattle；family, audience等等 3.  掌握名词的抽象化和具体化 4.  掌握名词的所有格 5.  注意(复合)名词作定语时可单可复 6.  熟记名词与动词的固定搭配使用   u  冠词在高考中的考察重点： 冠词虽小，只有a，an和the三个，但却是历年各地高考必考语言点之一。就考查题型而言，以单项选择为主，有时在完形填空和短文改错中出现。 解题的方法：详见《创新方案》 1. 以考查冠词的基础用法为重点（特指，类指，泛指）, 熟记定冠词和零冠词的特殊用法 2. 和某些抽象名词连用，使其具体化将成为考查重点 3. 理解有无冠词意义不同的词组 4. 对冠词的灵活运用即一些固定短语，特殊句式将仍旧会出现在高考试卷中     名词和冠词的强化练习 Ⅰ. 根据汉语提示填空。 1. It’s bad_____(礼貌)to show off your learning before others. 2. The Greens have two____(孩子). 3. The____(怀特一家)will make a journey around the world during the winter vacation. 4. The Indian girl made forty____(男)friends and fifty_____(女)friends. 5. I was told to read the ____ (说明书) on the bottle carefully before taking medicine. 6. American scientists have done lots of _____ (分析) to find out whether the UFO does appear among us. 7. He went to New York by _____(手段，方法) of plane. 8. The newly-elected president Aobama is busy dealing with international and national _____ (事务). 9. I was at _____ (理发店) to have my hair cut. 10. _____ （丽丽和露西的）parents were all invited to attend the wedding party, because their parents are good friends.   Keys: 1. manners 2. children 3. Whites 4. boy/ men , girl/women  5. instructions  6. analyses  7. means  8. affairs  9. the barber’s/ the hairdresser’s  10. Lily’s and Lucy’s   Ⅱ. 单项选择 1. The little boy often has ____ big breakfast，so he looks really strong. A．the    B．／    C．a     D  an 2. October 1st is ___ National Day of ____ People’s Republic of china. A．a；the   B．／；／   C．／；the  D the；／ 3. He is____friend of____writer’s. A．／：the    B．a；the    C．a；a    D a；／ 4. Things of _____ kind come together；people of ____ kind fall into ____ same group. A．the；the；the    B．a；a；the C．the；the；a      D  a；a；a 5. The young student is _____ as a writer. It’s ____ to all his teachers. A. success, surprise     B. a success, a surprise C. a success, surprise    D. success, a surprise 6. —How much if I wan to take one? —You can take as many as you like because they are free of _____. A. cost    B. charge    C. money     D. pay 7. Recently CCTV Station has taken great pains to make a program that reviews the important _____ of the 60th anniversary of China. A. affairs  B. events  C. matters  D. things 8. Do you know the ___ of the saying I just quoted? A. course    B. resource    C. source   D. cause 9.（09安徽）We can never expect    bluer sky unless we create     less polluted world. 2 A. the; the     B. a; the 2  C. the; a     D. a; a  10.（09江西）The ____________ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into __________ car. A. girl’s; Tom’s    B. girls’; Toms’   C. girls’; Tom’s     D. girl’s; Toms’ 11.（09浙江）The system has been designed to give students quick and easy ______ to the digital resources of the library. A.  approach   B. passage   C. way  D. access 12.（09四川）In order to find _______ better job, he decided to study _________ second foreign language. A. the; a    B. a; a   C. the; the    D. a; the 13.（2007 福建）—How about  ____ Christmas evening party? —I should say it was ____  success. A.a; a  B.The; a   C.a;不填  D.the; 不填 14. （2007 重庆卷 24）Gorge couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _____ Sunday because everybody was at _______ church. A. /; the    B. the; /    C. a; /     D. /; a 15. （2007 全国卷II 19） —Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons , please? —Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village.  A. the; the   B. the; a    C. /; the   D. the; / 16. (2007 山东27 ) I can’t say which wine is best—it’s a(n) _______ of personal taste A. affair    B. event    C. matter    D. variety 17. (2007 安徽 32）The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common _____ in many parts of the city. A. look   B. sign   C. sight    D. appearance 18. (2007 陕西 12).He and his wife are of the same ______;they both want their son to go to college. A. soul   B. spirit    C. heart    D. mind 19. (2007 福建 31).—You are always full of _______.Can you tell me the secret? —Taking plenty of exercise every day. A. power    B. strength   C. force    D. energy 20. 一 What on ____ earth do you like most in _____ world? 一 I hope  _____  world is _____peaceful and fair world. A．the；the；the；the    B．／；the；the；／ C．／；the；the；a       D．the；the；the；a 21. I go to work very early. I don’t usually have ______ breakfast, but I always eat ______ good supper. A. 不填; a   B. 不填; 不填  C. the; 不填  D. 不填; the 22. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _____ it was! A. How dangerous the scene     B. What dangerous a scene C. How a dangerous scene   D. What a dangerous scene 23. Things of _____ kind come together；people of ____ kind fall into ____ same group. A．the；the；the B．a；a；the        C．the；the；a D  a；a；a 24. The Chinese are looking forward to the first ____to land on the moon after Yang Liwei’s successful trip to space. A. measure   B. attempt  C. purpose  D. desire 25. The experiment turned out to be ____, which wasn’t ______ they wanted. A. a completely failing；as  B. a complete failure; what C. completely failure；that  D. failed; 不填 26. Niagara Falls is a great tourist ______ drawing millions of visitors from all parts of the world every year. A. interest   B. view    C. scene   D. attraction 27. Many drivers were praised for their excellent work at the meeting, including two ______ drivers, who had ______. A. woman; a few white hairs   B. women’s; white hair  C. women; some white hairs  D. woman’s; many white hairs [NextPage]                              Keys: 1-5 CCBBB   6 -10 BBCDC  11 – 15 DBBCB  16 – 20 CCDDC   Ⅲ. 单句改错 1. I dropped in on my uncle after I called at the tailor. 2. Going on a hike is a great fun in spring. 3. Good news to you, everybody. A word came that our salary was to be raised. 4. What pleasant surprise it is that our football won at last! 5. Tom and Jack’s fathers are both present at the meeting. 6. Xiao Wang has made a great progress in his English study. 7. My uncle is a principal of the No1 Middle School.    8. It is known to all that an earth moves around a moon. 9. The Philippine Islands are to south of our country. 10. There is a “s” in the word． 11. My sister is learning a flute. 12. workers are paid by a day. 13. There’re many cattles and cows on his father’s farm. 14. During my stay in London I visited many places of interests. 15. The computer is an useful machine that can do many things for us. 16. We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. 17. She has good knowledge of English. 18. I’ll go to see my mother. She is ill in the hospital. 19. Most the girls are fond of beautiful dresses. 20. I have never seen the better film before.   Keys: 1. tailor改为tailor’s; 2. 去掉great前的a; 3. 去掉a; 4. pleasant前加a; 5. Tom改为Tom’s; 6. 把a 去掉; 7. 把a去掉, 当表职位或官衔的名词做表语、同位语时，通常不用冠词。 8. a, an改为the, 独一无二的名词前用定冠词。   9. south前加the, 方位名词前需加定冠词。  10. a改为an 字母“s”的音标第一个发音是元音，因此用不定冠词an。   11. flute前加the  flute“笛子”，乐器前需加定冠词。    12. a改为the; 13. cattles 变为 cattle; 14. interests 变为 interest; 15. an变为a  16. waters – water  17. has ∧ a  18. most ∧ of; 去掉the  20. the - a