全国通用2010届高考全国各地月考阅读理解汇编之科普知识类
Passage 1
（安徽省桐城六中2010届高三第二次模拟月考）
All plant cells are capable of taking up water. Even dead ones do to a certain degree. Absorption（吸收）of water by dead cell walls makes wood become larger. In common land plants, the living cells of roots take up most of the water. Land plants without roots do exist, however. Those greenish-yellow lichens（苔藓）you see on rocks in the high mountains have no roots. Half a billion years ago, when water plants started to enter the land, the first land plants did not have roots.
Even among the flowering plants, one finds rootless forms. These flowering plants are “the higher plants” because they evolved（进化）recently and are thus considered higher on the evolutionary scale（进化度）. In the Peruvian desert, there grows one of these rootless higher plants, a bromeliad. It is a relative of the pineapple. Even if this plant had roots, they would be of no use, because where the plant grows, it never rains. The plant gets its water only from the dew（露水）it collects at night, when its leaves cool off. Such rootless plants, of course, can be moved with ease, but they will only grow when they are placed out in the open. If they are placed too near a house, the radiation from the heat of the house prevents the leaves from cooling and so prevents dew from forming, and the plant dies. In the southern United States and in Puerto Rico, one sees bromeliads growing high above the streets on the insulation（绝缘物）of electric wires. These plants get their water from rain, and the only soil they ever come in contact with is the dust that may blow on their leaves.
72．Wood becomes larger because of .
A．dead cell walls B．water entering dead cells
C．the growth of cells D．the death of cells
73．From the passage we know that the evolutionary scale is graded according to .
A．evolutionary cycles B．heights and depths C．time D．kinds
74．The “bromeliad” is a plant that .
A．has useless roots B．is a pineapple
C．can grow anywhere D．takes up water through its leaves
75．The most suitable title for this passage is “ ”.
A．Absorption of water by plants B．Rootless plants
C．Plants in the desert D．Higher plants
答案 BCDA
Passage 2
（安徽省芜湖七中2010届高三上学期第一次调研考试）
The following are four forms about medicine. How to use the medicine is very important. Never take any by mistake.
1）Take the medicine with water. followed by one tablet every eight hours. as required. For further night—time and early morning. take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in 24 hours. For Children six to twelve years old. go to your doctor for advice. Reduce dosage if nervousness. restlessness or sleeplessness takes place.
2）Each pill of the medicine taken three times every day for fourteen years old. As usual. a pill 6:00 a. m. before breakfast. One before 11:00 and one before sleep. Not for children under six years old and old persons with heart attack.
3）The medicine for a person with a fever. Once two pills a day before sleep for adult. Not take the medicine without fever. Half for Children under 12 years old. Children with a high fever. go to see a doctor.
4）The medicine taken three times a day. Once five pills for adult with a cold. Half of the pills for children 10 years old. Take the medicine before breakfast, lunch, supper or before sleep.
51．Obviously a kind of medicine can’t be proper for . judging from the information.
A．children over twelve years old
B．some old persons with a fever
C．some old persons with heart attack
D．neither adults nor heart attack
52．When a person has a cold. he had better .
A．have about more than fourteen pills a day
B．have twice a day
C．have four times a day
D．have nine pills a day
53．How many kinds of medicine are used for the children six years old?
A．All of them.
B．Three kinds of medicine.
C．Two kinds of medicine.
D．Almost not any medicine.
答案 CAD
Passage 3
（2010届高三8月月考）
Advice to “sleep on it” could be well founded, scientists say．After a good night’s sleep a problem that couldn’t be solved the night before can often appear more manageable, although the evidence until now has been anecdotal (个人体验的)．But researchers at the University of Luebek in Germany have designed an experiment that shows a good night’s sleep can improve insight (顿悟) and problem-solving．
“If you have some newly-got memories in your brain, sleep acts on these memories and restructures them , so that after sleep the insight into problem which you could not solve before increases,” said Dr Jan Born , a neuroscientist (神经科学家), at the university．To test the theory, they taught volunteers two simple rules to help them turn a string of numbers into a new order．There was also a third, hidden rule, which could help them increase their speed in solving the problem．The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups: half were allowed to sleep after the training while the rest were forced to stay awake．Dr Jan Born and his team noticed that the group that had slept after the training were twice as likely to figure out the third rule as the other group．“Sleep helped,” Born said in a telephone interview．“The important thing is that you have to have a memory representation in your brain of the problem you want to solve and then you sleep, so it can act on the problem．” But Born admitted that he and his team don’t know how restructuring of memories occurs or what governs it．Pierre Maquet and Perrine Ruby of the University of Liege in Belgium said the experimental evidence supports the anecdotal suggestions that sleep can help develop creative thinking．Although the role of sleep in human creativity will still be a mystery, the research gives people good reason to fully respect their periods of sleep, they added．
55．The underlined phrase “sleep on it” in Paragraph 1 probably means ．
A．to delay deciding something until the next day
B．to get as much sleep as possible
C．to go on sleeping without being disturbed
D．to sleep till after the time you usually get up in the morning
56．Jan Born and his team carried out the experiment through _____．
A．comparison B．interview C．survey D．imagination
57．It can be inferred from the passage that ______．
A．people should sleep so long as they have time
B．sleep is the only way to solve hard problems
C．people have various periods of sleep
D．people know how sleep reconstructs memories
58．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．How Sleep Works B．Sleep Helps Solve Problems
C．No Evidence, But Well Founded D．Born’s Discovery On Sleep
答案 AACB
Passage 4
（湖南省2010届高三第一次月考）
Sri Lanka is known as the “Pearl of the Indian Ocean”, and it is easy to see why. This little country never fails to please visitors.
Arrive
The national airline is Sri Lankan Airlines, which flies from Colombo to London and a couple of other European cities. The country’s main airport is Colombo Bandaranaike, located 29km north of the capital city.
Why now?
The best time to visit Sri Lanka’s southern beaches is from November to April. So by going early in the season, you’ll get the best weather. Also in November, Deepavali, known as “Diwali” or the “Festival of Lights”, is Sri Lanka’s main religious festival, celebrated throughout the country.
See
There is plenty to see in Sri Lanka. The ancient capital cities of Polonnaruwa and Anuradhapura are worth seeing, and so are many outstanding ruins. Other mustsees are the rock fortress （要塞） of Sigiriya, towering over the jungle as far as the eye can see, and Dambulla’s cave temple, the country’s largest and best preserved. Both are UNESCO World Heritage （遗产） Sites. Kandy is a picturesque town, which was the last stronghold of the Kandyan Kings. Today it is a cultural relic centre where ageold customs, arts, and crafts remain.
Do
Sri Lanka owns about 1,600km of beautiful palm-shaded beaches as well as warm, pure seas and colorful coral reefs （珊瑚礁）. You can explore the underwater world, and surfing and diving are available too. Away from the shore, wildlife is a big draw for Sri Lanka, and Yala National Park is one of the best places in the world to see wild animals including leopards （豹） and elephants.
Taste
Sri Lanka is celebrated for its excellent food, with a particular emphasis on fresh fruit and vegetables on menus everywhere. Fish and seafood are a big part of the local diet.
Did you know?
Sri Lanka is known for its tea, but it is also the world’s largest producer and exporter of cinnamon（肉桂）.
60. Which of the following is a cultural relic centre of Sri Lanka?
A. Kandy. B. Anuradhapura C. Polonnaruwa. D. Colombo.
61. If you want to know something about “Diwali”, you’d better go there in .
A. September. B. October. C. November. D. May.
62. We learn from the passage that Sri Lanka .
A. is in the Pacific Ocean B. is famous for its excellent food
C. is the world’s largest producer of tea D. has only flights to London
63. The author wrote the article in order to .
A. introduce the picturesque landscape of Sri Lanka
B. let readers know what is famous in Sri Lanka
C. make Sri Lanka well known throughout the world
D. let people get more travel information about Sri Lanka
答案 ACBD
Passage 5
（吉林省公主岭市范家屯一中2010届高三模拟考试）
Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there's no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children's curiosity（好奇）. Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me "textbook questions" about schooling, salary（薪水）and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, "Now that we're finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?"
After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, "Have you ever seen a grasshopper（蚱蜢）eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?"
This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.
Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their "wait time" to three seconds or more, children give more logical（符合逻辑的）, complete and creative answers.
Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don't jump in with "That's right" or "Very good". These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior（行为）. But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying "That's interesting" or "I'd never thought of it that way before", or coming up with more questions or ideas.
Never push a child to "Think". It doesn't make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What's more, this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target（目标）for your disagreement.
Lastly, show; don't tell. Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass（放大镜）, and they'll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates（蒸发）, set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.
41. According to the passage, children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is _______.
A. to let them see the world around B. to share the children's curiosity
C. to explain difficult phrases about science D. to supply the children with lab equipment
42. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word "lists" could best be replaced by ______.
A. any questions B. any problems
C. questions from textbooks D. any number of questions
43. According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults ________.
A. ask them to answer quickly B. wait for one or two seconds after a question
C. tell them to answer the next day D. wait at least for three seconds after a question
44. In which of the following paragraph（s）does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion?
A. The second and third. B. The fourth and fifth. C. The fifth and sixth. D. The seventh.
45. The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their children's curiosity except that adults should ________.
A. tell their children stories instead of reciting（背诵）facts
B. offer their children chances to see things for themselves
C. be patient enough when their children answer questions
D. encourage their children to ask questions of their own
答案 BCDCA
Passage 6
（浙江省海盐县元济高级中学2010届高三第一次月考）
There are several reasons for hair loss in women. However, in most cases, treatment is quite effective. Female hair loss patterns in women are not as easily recognizable as they are in men. A woman may experience it temporarily due to pregnancy or illness, although they may experience it for other reasons.
Hair loss can be due to a variety of factors, including a genetic tendency (which is not genetically linked to just one parent—both parents contribute to the tendency to lose hair).
Women who are experiencing hair problems seem to have more limited choices than men. There are some female hair loss treatments that are available such as the Tricomin System which is a topical treatment that is nutrition based. Shen Min for Women is another natural treatment that contains herbs (药草) that are said to stimulate(刺激) hair growth and even restore hair that is graying to its natural color.
The majority of the popular, proven hair loss treatments are only intended for men and are not suitable for women. True, a woman’s hair issue is different from a man’s. The biological makeup is different and the needs are different. Women have different needs and their bodies react in different ways to environmental changes, physical illness and even the treatments that are available. There are many natural treatments such as vitamin and mineral supplements that are said to stimulate hair growth, but, for the most part, these claims are currently unproven.
One of the first and most important factors to effectively treating is to get a diagnosis from a doctor. Talk to your doctor about any symptoms that you may be experiencing in addition to the thinning hair. Stress, weight loss or gain, illness and depression, all of these can be contributing factors.
73. It can be learned from the 1st paragraph that ___________.
A. usually hair loss is hard to heal
B. female hair loss is more common than the men’s
C. women tend to suffer from hair loss during the pregnant period
D. only illness contributes to hair loss
74. Which of the following statements matches the text about the two treatments?
A. Both are to solve the problem of male hair loss.
B. Tricomin System is effective in speeding the growth of the new hair
C. Shen Min is an updated way of treating hair loss
D. The former is nutrition-based, while the latter is medicine-based.
75. The reasons for the differences between the female and male hair loss problems do not include _______.
A. The biological structure and composition of the hair
B. The wants and needs
C. The reactions and responses to the outside changes
D. The approach to taking exercise
76. The natural treatments __________.
A. include vitamin and mineral supplements B. are applied to keep the hair healthy
C. have been proved useful D. are the most commonly-used ways
答案 CDDA
Passage 7
（甘肃省酒泉市肃州中学2010届高三入学考试）
E
When should a child start learning to read and write? This is one of the questions I am most frequently asked. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike, and it would be wrong to set a time when all should start being taught the intricacies（复杂）of reading letters to form words.
If a three-year-old wants to read（or even a two-year-old for that matter）, the child has the right to be given every encouragement. The fact that he or she might later be “bored” when joining a class of non-readers at child school is the teacher’s affair. It is up to the teacher to see that such a child is given more advanced reading material.
Similarly, the child who still cannot read by the time he goes to junior school at the age of seven should be given every help by teachers and parents alike. They should make certain that he is not dyslexic（having difficulty in reading）.
Although parents should be careful not to force youngsters aged two to five to learn to read（ if badly done it could put them off reading for life ）, there is no harm in preparing them for simple recognition of letters by labeling various items in their rooms. For instance, tie a nice piece of cardboard to their bed with BED written in neat, big letters.
Should the young child ask his parents to teach him to read, and if the parents are capable of doing so, such an attraction should not be ignored. But the task should never be made to look like a hard job and the child should never be forced to continue, or his interest should start to flag.
56. This passage is mainly about ____.
A. what qualities people teaching children reading should have
B. different age groupings of children to be taught reading
C. when and how children should be taught reading
D. various problems of children who start learning to read
57. In the writer’s opinion, children start learning to read ____.
A. early and fast B. at different times
C. by a certain rule D. from word games
58. A three-year-old child who wants to read should ____.
A. be encouraged B. go to an infant school
C. start from fun stories D. join a class of non-readers
59. The purpose of labeling items in the room is to ____.
A. make it more colorful B. teach children to write neatly
C. help children recognize simple letters
D. force children to develop the habit of reading
60. The writer suggests that ____.
A. children should ask their parents to teach them to read
B. children should not feel bored if given advanced reading material
C. children starting to read should ask specialists for help
D. children should be taught with patience, care and a sense of humour
答案 56 C 57 B 58 A 59 C 60 D
Passage 8
（贵州省巴结中学2010届高三10月月考）
A
Without most people realizing it, there has been a revolution in office work over the last ten years. Before that time, large computers were only used by large, rich companies that could afford the investment. With the advancement of technology, small computers have come onto the market, which are capable of doing the work that used to be done by much larger and expensive computers, so now most smaller companies can use them
The main development in small computers has been in the field of word processors（处理器）, or WPS as they are often called. 40% of British offices are now estimated to have a word processor and this percentage is growing fast.
There are many advantages in using a word processor for both secretary and manager. The secretary is freed from a lot of daily work, such as re-typing letters and storing papers. He or she can use this time to do other more interesting work for the boss. From a manager’s point of view, secretarial time is being made better use of and money can be saved by doing daily jobs automatically outside office hours.
But is it all good? If a lot of daily secretarial work can be done automatically, surely this will mean that fewer secretaries will be needed. Another worry is the increasing medical problems related to work with visual display units（显示器）. The case of a slow loss of sight among people using word processors seems to have risen greatly. It is also feared that if a woman works at a VDU for long hours, the unborn child in her body might be killed. Safety screens to put over a VDU have been invented but few companies in England bother to buy them.
Whatever the arguments for and against word processor, they are a key feature（特征）of this revolution in office practice.
41. Ten years ago, smaller companies did not use large computers because_________.
A. these companies had not enough money to buy such expensive computers
B. these computers could not do the work that small computers can do today
C. these computers did not come onto the market
D. these companies did not need to use this new technology
42. According to the writer, the main feature of the revolution in office work over the last ten years is __________.
A. the saving of time and money B. the use of computers in small companies
C. the wide use of word processors D. the decreasing number of secretaries
43. It is implied but not directly stated in the passage that with the use of word processors _________.
A. some secretaries will lose their jobs
B. daily jobs can be done automatically outside office hours
C. medical problems related to work with a VDU have increased greatly
D. the British companies will make less money
44. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. There are both advantages and disadvantages in using a word processor.
B. The British companies care much for the health of the people using word processors.
C. The technology in the field of computers has been greatly advanced over the last ten years.
D. Using word processors, secretaries can get more time to do more interesting work for their bosses.
45. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.
A. safety screens are of poor quality
B. working at a VDU for a long time is good for one’s health
C. more and more British offices will use word processors
D. British companies will need fewer and fewer managers
答案 41-45 ACABC
Passage9
（贵州省巴结中学2010届高三10月月考）
C
Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.
It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.
Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.
51. The writer is in favor of the view that man’s intelligence is given to him____________.
A. at birth B. through education
C. both at birth and through education D. neither at birth nor through education
52. If a child is born with low intelligence, he can_____________________.
A. become a genius
B. still become a genius if he should be given special education
C. reach his intelligence limits in rich surroundings
D. not reach his intelligence in his life.
53. In the second paragraph, the underlined sentence means if we_______________.
A．pick any two persons B. take out two different persons
C. choose two persons who are relative D. choose two persons with different intelligence
54. The example of the twins going to a university and to a factory separately shows_________.
A. the importance of their intelligence B. the role of environment on intelligence
C. the importance of their positions D. the part that birth plays
55. The best title of the passage can be _______________.
A. Surroundings B. Intelligence
C. Dependence on Environment D. Effect of education
答案 51-55 CCABB
Passage 10
（贵州省大山中学2010届高三10月月考）
（B）
The largest animal ever to live on earth is the blue whale. It weighs about 80 tons—more than 24 elephants. It is more than 30 metres long. A new-born baby whale weighs as much as a big elephant.
Cats can survive falls from very high place because they can turn themselves up the right way so as to keep their body safe. One cat fell 32 floors on to the street, but was just hurt a little.
A bear can run as fast as a horse.
A new-born panda is smaller than a mouse, and weighs about 100 grams.
Elephants are the most careful animals in their love. A male elephant may show his lady love for up to three years until the lady takes his love. They often show their love by touching each other’s body.
Usually, wolves do not attack people, for years a Canadian newspaper says that they show that a wolf had attacked a person. But nobody could do that. Wolves do not usually go together though they may do this in winter.
61. How much does a new-born blue whale weigh?
A. More than 3 tons B. About 24 tons C. 80 tons D. 10 tons
62 Cats can survive falls because_____ in the fall.
A. they can keep themselves safe
B. they are small and very soft
C. they can keep themselves away
D. they can put something under their bodies.
63. Elephants show their love by_____.
A. looking at each other B. touching each other
C. courting each other D. moving their bodies
64. A wolf won’t attack people except______.
A. in a special case B. in winter C. in packs D. that they have babies.
答案 AABA
Passage 11
（贵州省丰都中学2010届高三10月月考）
C
An American researcher has developed a simple device to help people stop snoring. The device limits the movements of the tissues（组织）that cause the unpopular sound. Snoring is a common problem. It may prevent a person from getting enough sleep. It may also prevent enough oxygen from reaching heart and lungs during sleep. But for most people, snoring affects relations with another person who must sleep in the back room.
Snoring happens when the sleeping person breathes with the mouth open. In the back of the mouth the tissues surrounding the entrance of the throat are soft. As the person breathes, the movement of the air around the soft tissues causes them to move or vibrate（颤动）. This tissue movement causes the sound we call snoring. A number of possible solutions have been proposed. Some devices keep the mouth shut. They force the patient to breathe only through the nose. A medical operation is also possible. Other devices catch the sound of snoring and then wake the patient. The new anti-snoring device was developed by a dentist, George Wagner of the Indian University School of Dentistry. He developed a piece of plastic that fits up against the inside of the mouth. The device keeps the soft tissues from vibrating and making the snoring noise. It is worn only at night. Doctor Wagner said that the simple device has ended several patients’ snoring problem in a simple way.
45. The underlined word “snoring”（in paragraph 1）probably means ____.
A. speaking while one sleeps B. dreaming while on sleeps
C. noises made while one sleeps D. sighs given while one sleeps
46. Snoring happens ____.
A. when dreaming at night, even during the day
B. when breathing with one’s mouth closed
C. when sleeping with one’s mouth open
D. when being poor in health
47. From the passage we know that the simplest and more efficient way to prevent a person from snoring is ____.
A. to keep the soft tissues from vibrating
B. to give the patient a medical operation
C. to wake him/her up as soon as he /she snores
D. to make him/her listen to the sound of snoring
48. How many possible solutions to snoring have been proposed in the passage?
A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five
答案 45—48 CCAC
Passage 12
（贵州省回龙中学2010届高三10月月考）
B
Let children learn to judge their own work. A. child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learn to do all the other things without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle…They compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake. If it is a matter in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time in such routine（日常的）work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. Let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what he does not know.
45. According to the passage, the best way for children to learn things is by_____.
A. listening to skilled people’s advice. B. asking older people many questions
C. making mistakes and having them corrected D. doing what other people do
46. Which of the following does the writer think teachers should NOT do?.
A. Give children correct answers B. Allow children to mark mistakes.
C. Point out children’s mistakes to them. D. Let children mark their own work
47. According to the writer, teachers in school should _____
A. allow children to learn from each other
B. point out children’s mistakes whenever found
C. correct children’s mistakes as soon as possible
D. give children more book knowledge
48. The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are____
A. different from learning other skills B. the same as learning skills
C. more important than other skills D. not really important skills
49. The title of this passage could probably be_____
A. Let Us Teachers Stop Work B. Let Us Make Children Learn
C. Let Children Correct Their Exercises D. Let Children Learn by Themselves
答案 CABD
Passage 13
（河北省邯郸市磁县2010届高三质量检测）
D
You can be proud of yourselves, even if you can only make one or two of these green changes. The goal here is to limit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which are closely associated to the big problem of global-warming.
Strategy 1: Bring your own cup to Starbucks
You’ll get a 10 cent discount, and it’s one less paper cup to end up in a landfill. While you’re there, pick up some free bags of spent coffee grounds to use as ‘‘green’’ fertilizer in your garden.
The payoff: The store won’t create more waste when they throw away a cup.
Strategy2: Turn off your computer
When in standby mode, your PC is still using energy. In fact, 75percent of electricity used in your home comes from electronics that are turned off.
The payoff: Turning off a monitor for 40 hours a week may only save $5 a month, but it reduces CO2 by 750 pounds
Strategy 3: Reuse plastic bags
Instead of throwing away 100 billion plastic bags a year, try and get a second, third, or tenth use out of them. Better yet, next time you shop, try a reusable bag.
The payoff: You’re reducing pollution. The amount of oil it would take to make just 14 plastic bags would run your car for one mile.
Strategy4: Use recycled paper in the bathroom
Most of the toilet paper we use is made from trees found in forests previously untouched by humans.
The payoff: If every household replaced one roll of toilet paper with a recycled one, 424000 trees would still be standing. Look for eco paper towels too.
Strategy5: Buy energy-efficient appliances（电器）
Replace the old fridge with an Energy Star appliance and you’ll use 15 percent less energy. It might be a little expensive to buy, but you’ll save money on your electricity bills and help the environment.
The payoff: If we all used one Energy Star appliance at home, it would be like planting 1. 7 million acres of new trees.
Strategy 6: Plant a tree
Adding green to your garden is beautiful and earth-pleasing.
The payoff: Just one tree will help make cleaner air and save the environment from 5000 pounds of hot carbon dioxide each year.
53. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Ways to save money at home
B. Ways to be earth-friendly
C. Ways to end global-warming
D. Ways to limit carbon dioxide
54. According to the writer, what will happen if our PC is switched off when not in use?
A. It will help to save a large amount of money.
B. It will help to reduce a great deal of CO2.
C. It will save the amount of oil that runs your car for a mile
D. It will be like planting 1. 7 million acres of new trees.
55. Which strategies suggest recycling or reuse of things?
A. Strategies 1&3 B. Strategies 2&5
C. Strategies 3&6 D. Strategies 4&5.
56. What benefits do these strategies have in common?
A. They all help reduce the use of energy like electricity.
B. They all cut down the amount of the paper.
C. They all result in producing less greenhouse gases.
D. They all help to preserve our trees and forest.
答案 53---56 BBAC
Passage 14
（湖南省湘潭市外国语学校2010届高三第二次月考）
（C）
Scientists recently discovered that pictures on cave walls at Creswell Crags are the oldest known in Great Britain. But they didn’t find out in the usual way.
Archaeologists often date cave art with a process called radiocarbon dating. The technique can measure the age of carbon found in charcoal（木炭）drawings or painted pictures. Carbon is an element found in many things, including charcoal and even people. But in this case, there was no paint or charcoal to test. People carved the pictures of animals and figures into the rock using stone tools. The scientists had an “aha!” moment when they noticed small rocks stuck to the top of the drawings. The small rocks must have formed after the drawings were made.
“It is rare to be able to scientifically date rock art,” said Alistair Pike, an archaeological scientist at Britain’s University of Bristol. “We were very fortunate that some of the engravings were covered by stalagmites（石笋）.
When a test proved that the stalagmites formed 12,800 years ago, the scientists knew the art underneath them had to be at least that old. And some of the animals shown, like the European bison, are now extinct--another tip-off that the art is quite old.
The artists came to Creswell Crags, This place is one of the farthest points north reached by our ancient ancestors during the Ice Age. At that time, much of the North Sea was dry, so people could move about more easily.
Some tools and bones found there are 13,000 to 15,000 years old. They show that the travelers hunted horses, reindeer, and arctic hare. Their artwork is similar to art in France and Germany. It tells scientists that the Creswell Crags artists must have had a close connection to peoples several thousand kilometers away－another important clue to understanding how humans spread out across the world.
62. Which of the following can be used as the best title of the passage?
A. Cave Art About Animals Is Most Beautiful
B. Cave Art Found in an Unusual Way
C. Cave Art Turns Out to Be Britain’s Oldest
D. Cave Art in Britain
63. The underlined word “archaeologists” in this passage probably means people ________.
A. who study things left behind by people in the past
B. who have rich experience in painting
C. who are interested in wild animals
D. who are good at using stone tools
64. Why do scientists say the art is quite old?
A. The art was carved into stone with stone tools.
B. The animals carved in the stone are beautiful.
C. The cave is one of the farthest point in the world.
D. Some pictures were covered by stalagmites more than 10,000 years old.
65. By studying the cave art, scientists know something about _________.
A. how ancient people crossed the North Sea
B. why some of the animals have died out
C. how humans spread out across the world
D. what kind of animals people hunt at that time
答案 CAD
Passage 15
（江苏省2010届高三10月月考）
C
Research shows that humans switch from selfish to unselfish behaviour when they are watched. Do you?
A picture of a set of eyes on a computer screen can cause a change in the
way people act. Even images of eyes on a charity donation, collection box
encourage people to be unselfish, because people put more money in a
collection box that has a picture of eyes on it than they do when a flower
symbol is on the box.
Manfred Milinski from the Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary
Biology in Germany and Bettina Rockenbach of the University of Berlin,
the authors of a new study, found that people act better when they are being watched because they feel they will be rewarded for good behaviour. Their report also referred to other research showing that this response of behaving well when watched is somehow coded into humans and people respond this way unconsciously, or without realising it.
It is not just humans that act unselfishly when they are being watched. A fish called the grooming fish cleans other fish. When other fish are around, it is gentler. When no other fish are around, however, the grooming fish bites chunks from the fish it is supposed to be cleaning.
The researchers suggest that the best way to get people to behave in the correct way is to make them feel watched. This could be the reason for the success of a famous American army poster. On it was a picture of an elderly man staring fiercely and pointing, it appeared, to the person who was looking at the poster. Under the picture was the caption 'I Want You' It encouraged hundreds of thousands of young American men to join the army during the Second World War to fight the Germans and Japanese.
63．According to the report, why does a person behave better when he feels he is being watched?
A．He does not want to be shamed by others.
B．He needs to show he is a good person.
C．He desires others to like him more.
D．He feels he will receive some social reward.
64．The underlined word 'coded' (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to .
A．hidden B．programmed C．forgotten D．leaned
65．What is the text mainly about?
A．It describes changed behaviour when observed.
B．It details ways to control people's behaviour.
C．It tells how to make people work harder.
D．It discusses different advertising methods.
66．According to the text, which of the following statements is true?
A．People pretend to behave better when they are watched.
B．Fish bite other fish in a fish tank when they are alone.
C．People donate more money when they feel they are watched.
D．Soldiers fought better during World War II because of a poster.
67．Where would the study described in the text most likely be found?
A．In a newspaper. B．In a scientific journal.
C．In an advertising magazine. D．In a science textbook.
答案 63—67 DBACB
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