人教版高考英语一轮复习必修1Unit5a modern hero含答案完美

Unit 5　 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero Part Ⅰ 重点词汇通关 1. devote vt. 献身; 专心于 【语境检测】单句语法填空 ①(2017·天津高考)I feel that I’ve been given a second life to devote __ something that is meaningful and enormous. to ②(2016·北京高考) Neighbors devoted their spare time to _______(help) others rebuild. 世纪金榜导学号79060020 ③________ (devote) to his research, he has no time to spend a weekend with his family. helping Devoted 【写作提升】句式升级 She devoted herself to practicing for ten years and became one of the world’s best long- distance swimmers. ④_____________________________________, she became one of the world’s best long-distance swimmers. (改为现在分词短语作原因状语) ⑤______________________________, she became one of the world’s best long-distance swimmers. (改为过去 分词短语作原因状语) Devoting herself to practicing for ten years Devoted to practicing for ten years 【考点必记】 (1)devote. . . to. . . 把……奉献于……; 把……专注于…… devote oneself to　 献身于……; 致力于…… (2)devoted adj. 忠实的; 深爱的 be devoted to. . . 专心于……; 奉献于…… (3)devotion n. 关爱; 关照; 奉献; 忠诚 【思维拓展】 devote. . . to. . . 中的to为介词, 后跟名词或动名词等。类似的短语还有: look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事; object to doing sth. 反对做某事; get down to doing sth. 开始做 某事; pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事; be/get used/accustomed to doing sth. 习惯 于做某事等。 2. equal adj. 相等的; 平等的; 胜任的vt. 等于n. 同等 的人; 相等物 【语境检测】写出黑体部分的词性及含义 ①(2017·天津高考)The change to the road traffic law will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers. ( ) adj. 相等的; 平等的 ②(2015·浙江高考)They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine equaled a college year’s monthly rent. ( ) ③Such behavior is, to my mind, without equal all over the world. ( ) ④Any man will be equal to the task, so long as he is careful. You should give it a try. ( ) v. 等于 n. 相等物 adj. 胜任的 【写作提升】语境填词 ⑤Men and women should ________________. If a woman _________a job like a man, she should receive _____ income. 男士和女士应当平等对待。如果一位女士能像男士一 样胜任某一工作, 这位女士就应当得到相同的收入。 be treated equally is equal to equal 【考点必记】 (1)be equal to+ n. /doing 等于; 与……相等; 胜任 be equal in 在……方面相等 be equal with 与……平等 (2)A equals B (in. . . ) A(在……方面)比得上B be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比; 无敌 (3)equality n. 平等 equally adv. 相等地; 同等地; 均等, 同样 【思维拓展】 表示“胜任……”的其他常见表达: ①be up to　 ②be fit for ③be qualified for 3. reward n. 报酬; 奖金vt. 酬劳; 奖赏 【语境检测】完成句子 ①(2016·北京高考)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts __________________________in the end. 学生们一直刻苦学习功课, 他们的努力最终将会获 得成功的回报。 will be rewarded with success ②(2015·四川高考)In your post, you say you can ______________________. It is just what I want. 在帖子中, 你说可以教英语作为回报, 那正是我需要的。世纪金榜导学号79060021 teach English as a reward 【考点必记】 (1)as a reward (for. . . )作为(对……的)报酬/奖赏 in reward for 为酬谢……; 作为(对……的)奖励 (2)reward sb. for sth. 因某事而奖赏某人 reward sb. with sth. 用某物/某事回报某人 (3)rewarding adj. 值得的; 有益的; 有意义的 【易混辨析】“奖励”辨析 名　词 动　词 rewar d 报酬, 奖金 或一些非金 钱类的报酬 多指因对方的工作、服 务、帮助而给予的报酬 或奖赏, 常用搭配: reward sb. for (doing) sth. awar d 奖品, 奖金, 与prize用 法相似 意为“授予、颁发”, 常 用搭配: award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 4. escape v. & n. 逃脱; 逃生; 泄露; 被遗忘 【语境检测】单句语法填空 ①It is said that he narrowly escaped __________(kill) in the traffic accident on the other day. ②More and more oil is escaping _____ the pipe, which pollutes the environment badly. being killed from 【写作提升】一句多译/完成句子 ③你逃避了惩罚, 真幸运。 →_________________________________. (lucky; punishment) →________________________________. (luckily; punish) You were lucky to escape punishment Luckily, you escaped being punished ④The boy __________________when he ran across in front of the bus. 这个男孩在公共汽车前穿过时差点被撞上。 had a narrow escape 【考点必记】 (1)escape from/out of. . . 　 从……逃脱 escape to sp. 逃到某地 escape (doing)sth. 逃避(做)某事 (2)a narrow escape 死里逃生 (3)escaped adj. 逃脱的 【误区释疑】 escape两点注意 (1)escape本身即为“离开”的意思, 不需加away或off这样的副词。 (2)escape意为“被……忘记, 没有被……注意到”时, 用sth. escape sb. 结构表示, 而 不是用sb. escape sth. 结构。 Part Ⅱ 重点短语句式通关 5. in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 【语境检测】单句语法填空 ①(2017·天津高考)Whenever his daughter is __ trouble, he is there for her. ②Please don’t hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you have trouble ____ your study. ③Thanks for the trouble you have taken ______(help) us. in with to help 【写作提升】单句写作 ④让我十分担心的是, 我在收集信息和使用语言方面 确实有困难。 What worries me a lot is that I am really ___________________________________________ ________. having trouble in collecting information and using language 【考点必记】 get into trouble　　　　　 陷入困境, 惹麻烦 get sb. into/out of trouble 使某人陷入/摆脱困境 ask for trouble 找麻烦 take the trouble to do sth. 不怕费事尽力做某事 have trouble (in) doing sth. /with sth. 做某事有困难 【巧学助记】 Don’t trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. 麻烦没找你, 你别找麻烦。 (第一、四个trouble为动词“麻烦”, 第二、三个trouble为名词“麻烦”。)6. turn to 求助于; 致力于; 翻到; 开始从事; 转向 【语境检测】写出黑体部分的含义 ①At such a midnight, there was no one for her to turn to. ( ) ②Follow the main road until it branches and then turn to the left. ( ) ③If you turn to Page 40, you will find it. ( ) 求助 转向 翻到 ④After he left university he became a teacher, but later turned to journalism. ( ) 开始从事 【写作提升】根据语境用适当的介副词填空 ⑤This morning, my grandmother turned ___ the radio to listen to the news as usual. She felt she could not hear clearly. So she turned it ___. But it was no use. She had to turn __ my father for help. I saw my father on up to turned ___ the radio and turned it ____ to see what was wrong. It turned ___ that the button did not work any more. My father repaired it and told my grandmother to turn _____ the radio, for the neighbor’s little baby was asleep at the time. off over out down 【考点必记】 7. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 过去 30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利, 阻挡我们的进步, 一直到今天, 我们还处在 几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 【语境检测】完成句子 ①Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases ___________________________________________ ________________. 今天, 我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当 的情况。 where/in which beginners of English fail to use the language properly ②After graduation she reached a stage in her life _________________________________. 毕业后她面临人生中需要决定做什么的处境。 where she needed to decide what to do 【考点必记】 当先行词是stage, point, case, situation, position, job, business, scene等表示抽象地 点的名词, 并且定语从句缺状语时, 常用关系副词where来引导定语从句。 8. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只有到那个时候, 我们才决 定用暴力反抗暴力。 【语境检测】单句写作 ①直到最近, 我才有时间读这本书。 Only recently ______________to read the book. have I had time ②只有通过相互理解和学习, 我们才能一起开心地度过 这些美好的日子。 世纪金榜导学号79060022 Only by understanding and learning from each other ____________these days together happily. can we spend ③只有我们言行一致, 才能对所做的事情有所贡献。 Only when we match our words with actions ______ ________________in whatever we hope to accomplish. can we make a difference 【考点必记】 (1)“only+状语(副词、介词短语或从句)”位于句首时, 句子需用部分倒装。其结构为: only+状语+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语+其他。 (2)only修饰名词或代词位于句首作主语时, 句子不用倒装。 【误区释疑】 only放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。例如: Only those who accept this reality can lead a really full life. 【备选要点】 1. vote vt. & vi. 投票; 选举n. 投票; 选票; 表决 【语境检测】单句语法填空 ①This program is a live TV show, so you can call the station directly to vote ___ your favorite singer. ②The politician was deeply hurt when many of his former supporters voted _______ him. for against 【写作提升】单句写作 ③你是赞成还是反对这项计划看上去似乎并不重要。 ___________________________________doesn’t seem to matter very much. Whether you vote for or against the plan 【考点必记】 (1)vote for　　　 投票赞成 vote against 投票反对 vote on 投票表决 vote to do sth. 投票表决做某事 (2)put. . . to the vote 付诸……表决, 裁决 2. found vt. 建立; 建设 【语境检测】单句语法填空 ①(2017·天津高考)My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise$50, 000 in support of a movement ________(found)30 years ago to end hunger. ②(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)The market, which ___________ (found) in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 a. m. to 1 p. m. founded was founded 【写作提升】句式升级 ③The club ___________ 10 years ago. 这个俱乐部是10年前建立的。 ④The club _______________ for the past and present members. 俱乐部正为新老成员举行派 对。 was founded is holding a party ⑤用非谓语动词作状语连接句③和句④。 ____________________________________________ ______________________________ The club, founded 10 years ago, is holding a party for the past and present members. 【考点必记】 founder 　　　　n. 创始人; 建立者 foundation n. 基础; 地基; 基金会; 创立 【易混辨析】 动词 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意义 foun d founded founded 创建 find found found 找到 Ⅰ. 课文里的高考 　　根据课文内容, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 　　When Elias, a poor black worker in South Africa, first 1. ____(meet)Nelson Mandela, he was in 2. __ very difficult period of his life. He had to leave school because his family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare. When he got a job, he was worried about being out3. __ work because he didn’t have a passbook. Then Mandela, who offered met a of guidance to poor black people on 4. _____(they)legal problems, told him what to do and helped him. When Mandela organized the ANC Youth League, Elias joined it as soon as he could. At that time, black people couldn’t vote or choose their5. _______(leader). They couldn’t get the jobs they wanted and the parts of town in which they had to live6. ____________(decide)by their leaders were decided white people. With the help of Mandela they chose 7. ________(attack)the laws, and fought against the white people with 8. _______(violent). In 1963 Elias helped Mandela blow up some government buildings, to attack violence 9. _______________ it was very dangerous. He was happy to help because he knew it would help them achieve their dream of 10. _______(make)black and white people equal. though/although making Ⅱ. 话题中的写作 　　请用英语写一篇短文介绍伟大的科学家霍金(Stephen Hawking)。要求包括以下三 部分内容: 喜欢他的理 由 被他的奉献精神所感动 对他的简单 介绍 他处于很大的麻烦之中, 只 有求助于电脑他才能讲话、 阅读和写作 对他的个人 观点 任何东西都无法回报他对科 学的贡献 注意: 1. 请根据以上要点写一篇50词左右的短文; 2. 尽量使用本单元的知识点; 3. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ 【参考范文】 The first time I heard of Stephen Hawking, I was moved by his devotion to the research. As for his daily life, he is in great trouble. For example, only when he turns to the computer is it possible for him to speak, read and write. However, his contributions to the world have no equal. And, in my opinion, nothing could be in reward for his contributions to science.