人教版高考英语一轮复习必修3Unit4Astronomy the science of the stars

Unit 4　 Astronomy: the science of the stars Part Ⅰ 重点词汇通关 1. harmful adj. 有害的 【语境检测】单句语法填空 ①(2016·浙江高考) If we know that gossip(闲话) can be ________ (harm), then why do so many of us do it? harmful ②(2015·浙江高考) Light pollution does harm __ the eyesight of animals. 世纪金榜导学号 79060065 to 【写作提升】句型转换 ③Drinking too much does harm to your health. →Drinking too much ______________________. is harmful to your health 【考点必记】 (1)be harmful to　 对……有害 (2)harm n. 损害; 伤害; 危害 vt. 伤害; 损害 do harm to 对……造成损害/危害 there is no harm in doing sth. 做某事没有害处 2. exist vi. 存在; 生存 【语境检测】单句语法填空 ①You can’t imagine what difficulty they have existing ___ the little money he’s earning. ②Only if enough evidence is discovered will people believe in the ________ (exist) of the monster. on existence 【写作提升】句型转换/完成句子 ③A generation gap exists between the young and the old. →_________________________ between the young and the old. There exists a generation gap ④Pakistan _________________ as an independent country after the war. 巴基斯坦在战后开始作为一个独立国家存在。 came into existence 【考点必记】 (1)exist on(=live on) sth. 靠某物生存 exist in 存在于……之中 There exist(s). . . 有/存在…… (2)existence n. 存在; 生存 come into existence 产生; 成立; 开始存在 【误区释疑】 (1)exist只用作不及物动词, 因此没有被动语态, 且通常不用于进行时。 (2)There exists. . . 表示“存在; 有”, there不可用it替换。 3. puzzle n. (游戏的)猜谜; 难题; 谜 vt. & vi. (使)迷 惑; (使)为难; (使)困窘; 感到迷惑 【语境检测】单句语法填空 ①I must admit, it’s ________(puzzled) in the extreme just how these books found their way here. ②(2015·四川高考) People have long puzzled __________ how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. puzzling over/about 【写作提升】完成句子 ③________________ is actually _______ to many parents in China. 事实上, 困扰你的事 情对于许多中国的父母来说也是一个难题。 What puzzles you a puzzle 【考点必记】 (1)a puzzle　　　　　 一件让人感到困惑的事情 be in a puzzle 感到困惑; 不知如何是好 crossword puzzles 纵横字谜 (2)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想, 苦苦思索 (3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的 puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的, 困惑的 be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解 Part Ⅱ 重点短语句式通关 4. in time 及时; 终于; 迟早 【语境检测】单句语法填空 ①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) Do you want to get up __ time to have breakfast with your family, or just be better prepared for your day? ②(2017·北京高考) The first magazine with your gift message will arrive in time ___ the special day. in for 【写作提升】完成句子 ③We arrived there in the summer, just _________ ______________________. 我们在夏天到达那里正好赶上欣赏午夜的月亮。 in time to enjoy the midnight moon 【考点必记】 in time for. . . 　 刚好赶上…… in time to do sth. 刚好赶上/及时做某事 in no time 立刻, 马上 on time 准时 at times 有时 5. prevent. . . from 阻止; 制止 【语境检测】单句语法填空 ①From these facts we can draw a conclusion that no one can prevent us from _________(become) stronger. 世纪金榜导学号79060066 ②(2015·北京高考)The real challenge is preventing light _____ scattering. becoming from 【写作提升】一句多译 到了我们采取措施阻止环境被污染的时候了。 ③It is high time that we did something _____________ _________________________________. (stop/prevent) ④It is high time that we did something __________ _____________________________. (keep) to prevent/stop the environment (from) being polluted to keep the environment from being polluted 【考点必记】 (1)prevent/stop. . . (from) doing sth. (被动语态中from不可省略)=keep. . . from doing sth. 阻止……做某事 (主动语态和被动语态中from都不可省略) (2)keep. . . doing sth. 使……一直做某事 (3)protect. . . from保护……不受……侵袭; 挡住; 防御 6. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了一系列的反应, 使生命的发展成为可能。 【语境检测】单句语法填空 ①(2017·浙江高考) She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make __ hard for them to calm down and sleep. it ②(2016·北京高考)While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe _________(express) opinions. 世纪金榜导学号79060067 to express 【写作提升】一句多译 精通这项科技可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。 ③Mastering the technology makes it possible ________ ______________ more effectively. (用不定式) ④Mastering the technology makes it possible _______ _________________ more effectively. (用宾语从句) for us to use the Internet that we can use the Internet 【考点必记】 (1)make+it+形容词/名词+不定式/that从句 (it为形式宾语, 真正的宾语为后面的不定式 或that从句)。 (2)make+宾语+宾语补足语 (宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、过去分词、介词短语 等)。 (3)find, feel, think, take等动词也有这样的用法。 7. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 而当我试着向前迈步的时候, 我发觉我被送出去很远, 步子的跨度竟是在地 球上的两倍远, 因而我摔倒了。 【语境检测】单句语法填空 ①It is said that his new apartment is twice ______ (large) than the old one. ②The population now in this village is five times _____ it was ten years ago. 世纪金榜导学号79060068 larger what 【写作提升】一句多译 据报道, 最近发现的一颗行星几乎是地球的三倍大。 ③It is reported that a new planet that has been discovered recently is almost three times _________ the earth. as large as ④It is reported that a new planet that has been discovered recently is almost three times __________ the earth. ⑤It is reported that a new planet that has been discovered recently is almost three times _________ the earth. larger than the size of 【考点必记】 四种最常见的倍数表达法 (1)倍数+as+原级+as. . . (2)倍数+比较级+than. . . (3)倍数+the size/length/width/height/depth. . . of. . . (4)倍数+what从句 【误区释疑】 在表示“两倍”时要用double或twice, 三倍或三倍以上用“基数词+times”。倍数有时 也可以用分数、百分数、half等来替换。 【备选要点】 1. cheer up 感到高兴; 感到振奋 【语境检测】单句语法填空 ①(2016·天津高考)Cathy didn’t expect any award but was still there to cheer ___ her friends. on ②—I am thinking of the test tomorrow. I am afraid I cannot pass it this time. —Cheer ___! I am sure you can make it. up 【写作提升】完成句子 ③When I feel sad, my mother always tells me funny stories _____________. 当我感到忧伤时, 我的母亲总 会给我讲有趣的故事让我高兴起来。 to cheer me up 【考点必记】 (1)cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来 cheer sb. on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人 Cheers! [口语](用于祝酒)干杯! (2)cheering adj. 令人鼓舞的 (3)cheer n. 欢呼; 喝彩 2. now that 既然; 由于 【语境检测】完成句子 ①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) _________________(既然你知道) why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. ②________________________________________ _______(既然你想提高你的英语口语), you should speak English every day. Now that you know Now that/Since you want to improve your oral English 【考点必记】 now that相当于since, 是连词词组, 用来引导原因状语从句, 口语中经常省略that, 只 用now, 这时now已经失去了“现在”的含义。 【思维拓展】 可引导原因状语从句的从属连词(词组): because, as, since, now that, in that; 并列连 词: for。 3. in one’s turn 轮到某人; 接着 【语境检测】单句语法填空 ①Now that we have finished designing, the company, __ turn, should do the constructing work. ②I think it’s my turn _______(drive) the kids to school this week. in to drive 【考点必记】 in turn　　　 　　　　　 依次; 轮流; 反之; 相应地 take turns to do/doing sth. 轮流做某事 It is one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 It turns/turned out that. . . 结果…… Ⅰ. 课文里的高考 　　根据课文内容, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The earth was just a cloud of dust 1. ______ future is uncertain after the “Big Bang”. Then the dust began to settle into a solid globe which is so 2. ______ (violence) and exploded loudly with fire and rock, to be in time 3. __________(produce)many things, which make the earth’s atmosphere. As the earth cooled down, water began to appear and it allowed the earth whose violent to produce to dissolve 4. ________ (harm)gases. Then life began to develop. harmful 　　Many millions of years later, small plants appeared. They multiplied and 5. _____ (fill)the oceans and seas with oxygen. Land 6. _______ (animal) followed after the first green plants appeared. Then small clever animals spread all 7. ____ the earth. filled animals over 　　Humans developed new means of growing, hunting and moving around. As time went by they covered the earth. Now too much carbon dioxide has been putting into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from 8. ________ (escape)from the earth into space. As 9. __ result, the problem of global warming occurs. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of escaping a years to come will depend on whether this problem can 10. ________(solve). be solved Ⅱ. 话题中的写作 　　假设你是李华, 对探月感兴趣, 现在写一篇英语短文, 设想如何在假期到月球旅行。 　　1. 去月球旅行的问题: 如何吃饭、喝水; 　　2. 月球现状: 月球没有重力, 食物会飘移; 　　3. 解决办法: 食物放在试管中, 吸食; 　　4. 去月球旅行的期望。 注意: 1. 请根据以上要点写一篇80个词左右的短文; 2. 尽量使用本单元的知识点; 3. 可适当增加细节。 _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 　　If I visited the moon, there would be a problem I might be faced with: how to eat and drink. 　　The gravity of the moon is so weak that the food will float around. I would have to take all my food with me. So it could be put in a tube and then I would be able to suck it more easily. Perhaps I would use a straw to do it. It can prevent the food from floating away. 　　Only in this way can the problem be solved. I will have a try in time.