人教版高考英语一轮复习必修5Unit1Great scientists含答案完美

必修5 Unit 1　Great scientists Part Ⅰ 重点词汇通关 1. absorb vt. 吸收; 吸引; 使专心 【语境检测】单句语法填空 ①She was found sitting in her wheelchair, completely absorbed __ a fashion magazine her son had just bought. in ②(2016·北京高考)However, when something did interest me, I could become ________(absorb). absorbed 【写作提升】一句多译 汤姆专心于工作, 忘记了通知她这件事。 ③Tom was _____________________that he forgot to inform her of it. ④___________________, Tom forgot to inform her of it. (分词短语作状语) so absorbed in his work Absorbed in his work ⑤_____________________________that he forgot to inform her of it. (含so. . . that. . . 的倒装句)So absorbed was Tom in his work 【考点必记】 (1)absorb sb. in/sb. be absorbed in 　　　　　　　　　　 某人全神贯注于 absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 (2)absorbed adj. 被吸收的; 一心一意的 【思维拓展】全神贯注的几种表达方式: be lost in/be absorbed in/be buried in/put one’s heart into/concentrate on/give one’s whole attention/mind to, apply/bend the mind to等。 2. blame vt. 责备; 谴责 n. 过失; 责备 【语境检测】单句语法填空 ①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame ___the alarm clock. 世纪金榜导学号79060100 on ②(2015·广东高考)We tend to blame TV ___problems it doesn’t really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping children’s minds. for 【写作提升】一句多译 ③不要总把你自己的失败归咎于别人。 Don’t always _____________________________/ _______________________________________. blame your own failure on others put the blame for your own failure on others 【考点必记】 (1)blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人 blame sth. on sb. 把某事怪到某人头上 be to blame 该受责备 (2)take/accept/bear the blame for 对……负责 put the blame (for sth. ) on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 3. contribute vt. & vi. 捐献; 贡献; 捐助 【语境检测】单句语法填空 ①(2016·全国卷I) Who made a great ___________ (contribute) to the civil-rights movement in the U. S. ? ②They are great young people who will contribute __ the community in the future. contribution to 【写作提升】单句写作 ③(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)如果你想给我们报纸投稿, 请在最 后期限前把文章发给我。 _____________________________________, please send me your article before the deadline. If you want to contribute to our newspaper 【考点必记】 (1)contribute. . . to. . . 把……贡献给……; 投稿 contribute to 有助于; 导致; 为……撰稿 (2)contribution n. 贡献; 捐助 make a contribution to 对……作贡献 【思维拓展】 表示“引起; 导致; 有助于”的词语还有: cause, lead to, result in, bring about 4. challenge n. 挑战 vt. 向……挑战 【语境检测】单句语法填空 ①(2017·北京高考)TOKNOW Magazine brings a unique combination of __________(challenge) ideas and good fun to young fans every month. ②We should embrace these _________(challenge) as an opportunity to innovate and approach social issues. challenging challenges 【写作提升】完成句子 ③(2015·福建高考)Life can be so wonderful, full of adventure and joy. It can also _________________, setbacks and heartbreaks. 生活是如此美好, 充满了冒 险和欢乐。它也充满了挑战、挫折和心碎。 be full of challenges 【考点必记】 (1)challenge sb. to sth. 要求某人某事 challenge sb. to do sth. 要求/激励某人做某事 (2)challenging adj. 挑战性的; 挑起争论的 【熟词生义】 We were challenged by police at the border. (盘问, 查问) 5. responsible adj. 有责任的; 负责的 【语境检测】单句语法填空 ①(2017·天津高考)Who is responsible ___the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. 世纪金榜导学号79060101 for ②(2016·天津高考)Childhood activities help a child develop ____________(responsible), independence, confidence and competence. responsibility 【写作提升】同义句转换 ③Students should take responsibility for their own learning. →Students should ________________their own learning. be responsible for 【考点必记】 (1)be responsible for　对……负责; 是……的原因 be responsible to sb. 对某人负责 (2)responsibility n. 责任, 职责; 义务 take responsibility for 对……负责 take (no) responsibility to do sth. (没)有责任做某事 a strong sense of responsibility 强烈的责任感 Part Ⅱ 重点短语句式通关 6. put forward 提出; 推荐; 将……提前; 将钟表向前拨 【语境检测】写出黑体部分的含义 ①(2017·天津高考)The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to help promote fully automatic driving. ( ) 提出 ②My watch was slow, so I put it forward three minutes. ( ) 将钟表向前拨 【写作提升】完成句子 ③(2016·天津高考)The manager ____________ _____________________________________. There is too much work to do. 经理提出了一个建议, 我们应该有一个助手。工作太 多了。 put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant 【考点必记】 put aside　　　 忽视, 不理睬; 存钱, 留出 put away 收起来放好 put down 记下; 放下; 镇压 put off 推迟; 延期 put out 扑灭; 生产 put up 举起; 张贴 put through 接通电话; 完成; 使经受 7. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人们既 不知道它的病源, 也不了解它的治疗方法。 【语境检测】完成句子 ①_______________________________knew anything about it. 学生们和老师都不知道这件事。 Neither the students nor the teacher ②(2015·北京高考)This phenomenon is ___________ _______; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past. 这种现象既不好也不坏, 在现在和过去这都是大 学生活的一个事实。 neither good nor bad 【写作提升】句式升级 世纪金榜导学号79060102 ③Henry won’t see a film tonight. His girlfriend Helen won’t either. (用neither. . . nor) →______________________________________________ _______ Neither Henry nor his girlfriend Helen will see a film tonight. 【考点必记】 (1)neither. . . nor. . . “既不……也不……”, 连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接主语时, 谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。 (2)遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词: either. . . or. . . 不是……就是…… not only. . . but also. . . 不仅……而且…… not. . . but. . . 不是……而是…… 【备选要点】 1. attend vt. 照顾; 护理; 出席; 参加; 上学 【语境检测】写出句中黑体部分的含义 ①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I then made it a point to attend those meetings and learn all I could. ( ) 出席 ②(2017·北京高考)Later, when Hannah attended school, she saw another homeless person. ( ) ③The patients are well attended in the hospital. ( ) 上学 护理 【写作提升】完成句子 ④(2016·浙江高考)I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and ______________many more in the coming years. 我一直很喜欢你组织的所有活动, 并且希望在未来的几 年里参加更多的活动。 I hope to attend 【考点必记】 (1)attend a meeting/a lecture/a wedding/school/a church　参加会议/听讲座/参加婚礼/ 上学/做礼拜 attend on/upon sb. 　　伺候某人; 照顾某人 attend to 处理; 倾听; 照顾; 专心于 be attended by. . . 由……陪同; 由……照料 (2)attendance n. 出席; 参加; 上学; 到场 2. enthusiastic adj. 热情的; 热心的 【语境检测】单句语法填空 ①Jackie Chan is likely to turn up at the party for charity, since he is always enthusiastic _____such things. ②(2016·四川高考)They listened with great interest, and then ______________(enthusiastic) joined in grand conversations about Harry’s adventures. about enthusiastically 【考点必记】 (1)be enthusiastic about/for 　　　　　　　　　 对……热心 (2)enthusiasm n. 热心, 热忱, 热情 enthusiastically adv. 热心地; 满腔热情地 3. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. 为防止这种情况再度发生, 约翰·斯诺建议所 有水源都要经过检测。 【语境检测】单句语法填空 ①(2016·北京高考)________(make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. ②It’s said that the heaviest man in this city, weighing 1, 345 pounds, has been sent to hospital _________ (receive) medical treatment. To make to receive 【写作提升】完成句子 ③________________________________________, the firm will allow them to have a coffee break. 为了提高员工的工作效率, 公司将允许他们有喝咖啡 的时间。 To improve the employees’ working efficiency 【考点必记】 (1)动词不定式位于句首作目的状语相当于in order to。so as to也可以作目的状语, 一 般不位于句首。 (2)动词不定式作结果状语, 表示意料之外的结果, 此时动词不定式前常加only或just。 (3)动词不定式跟在表示情绪的形容词后作原因状语。 4. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 每次爆发(霍乱)时, 都有成千上万的人病死。 【语境检测】完成句子 ①_____________________________, we wish to document it in some form or another. 每次看到一些新鲜的事物, 我们都希望能够以某种形式 记录下来。Every time we see something new ②If you do not mind, I may bring it back to you ______________________. 如果你不介意的话, 我也可以在下次去加拿大的时候把 它给你带回去。 next time I go to Canada 【写作提升】单句写作 ③我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭, 那一刻她欣喜万 分。 _________________________her diploma after four years of hard work, she was filled with joy. The moment my aunt gained 【考点必记】 (1)every time引导时间状语从句, 相当于whenever, 表示“每当……” (2)名词词组作连词用, 引导时间状语从句, 类似用法还有: ①由time构成的名词词组each time, next time, any time, the first/last time等。 ②由the+名词构成的词组the minute, the moment, the instant, the second, 意为 “一……就……”, 相当于as soon as。 Ⅰ. 课文里的高考 根据课文内容, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内 单词的正确形式。 John Snow was a famous doctor in London, who was so expert that he 1. ________(attend) Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he was famous for 2. ________(defeat) “King Cholera”. attended defeating 　　Cholera was a 3. ______(dead) disease and neither its cause 4. ____its cure was understood. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve the problem. He suspected that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. So when another severe deadly nor outbreak hit London, he began his enquiry. He found that many victims 5. ______(link) to the outbreak were near the water pump, so he had the handle 6. ________ (remove). Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He drew 7. ___conclusion that the polluted water was 8. ________(blame). linked removed the to blame 　　The water 9. __________(company) were instructed not to expose people 10. __polluted water any more. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated. companies to Ⅱ. 话题中的写作 根据所给提示, 介绍一下Simon的英语老师是如何帮助他学习英语的。 1. 非常严厉, 经常提问问题; 2. 建议多阅读课文; 3. 总是鼓励他, 只有永不放弃才能成功。 注意: 1. 请根据以上要点写一篇60个词左右的短文; 2. 尽量使用本单元知识点; 3. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。 _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Simon’s English teacher is very strict with him and she often puts forward questions for Simon to answer. Apart from this, she suggests Simon draw conclusions from texts and in this way, Simon absorbs great knowledge from reading. In addition, Simon has his compositions checked and learns from the good articles. Every time Simon wants to give up, she always encourages him not to, because only if he never gives up can he succeed. With the help of the teacher, Simon has made rapid progress.