上海市部分区2021届高考英语二模试题分类汇编：阅读理解专题 含答案

上海市部分区 2021 年高考英语二模试题分类汇编 阅读理解专题 上海市崇明区 2021 届高三下学期调研考试英语二模试卷 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) As the COVID-19 pandemic hit hard, fishermen watched their markets dry up. Restaurants — normally major fish buyers — closed or cut back orders significantly. Fishermen weren’t sure if they were going to get paid for what they fished. Meanwhile as people lost jobs, food banks started to see a great demand for services. Things were getting desperate, with long lines for food assistance in many states. Out of these dual crises, a new idea was born. Food assistance programs across the country have started connecting with local fishermen to stock upon local seafood, many for the first time. And the arrangement seems to be helping the fishermen, the economy and those in need of healthy food. According to Catherine D’Amato, CEO of the Greater Boston Food Bank, the network usually keeps four or five weeks of food on hand in case of emergencies. The pandemic hit, and “we found ourselves below one week of stock and going down rapidly,” she says. That’s because the food bank normally distributes about 1 million pounds of food a week, and that became 2.5 million pounds of food a week, D’Amato says. While Congress and the states have increased funding and donations for food banks during the pandemic, it hasn’t been enough. “For many years, we have been wanting to be able to work with organizations in the fishing industry,” D’Amato says. But it’s complicated. Fishermen catch a lot of big fish, and food banks who might take it need the products to be cut small and easy to use for customers. It also has to be fish they know and recognize. The barriers have been too high in many places to make it work. But this spring, the state department of agriculture connected the food bank with some grant makers. They talked to some local fishermen about developing a traditional New England fish soup. The grants paid fishermen for their catch and provided money for a local manufacturer to process, freeze and deliver the soup to food banks in family-size servings. The soup is helping to feed families and keep fishermen fishing. The fishermen hope to sell it in stores soon, and D’Amato hopes to purchase more soup and expand into new seafood products for her customers. 56. The passage is mainly about _____. A. the food shortage during the COVID-19 pandemic B. the cooperation between fishermen and food banks C. the dramatic impact the pandemic had on fishermen D. the new seafood product manufactured for food banks 57. What do “dual crises” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Fishermen’s difficulty in storing seafood and the decline of the economy. B. Fishermen’s difficulty in selling fish and food banks’ need for more food. C. The closure of restaurants and food banks’ great demand for food assistance. D. Many people’s unemployment and many states’ bad services in food industry. 58. According to paragraph 5, Catherine D’Amato thinks that _____. A. fishermen should start to process fish B. many fishes are unknown to customers . C. there’s a gap between supply and need D. the fishing organizations are too independent 59. It can be learned from the passage that the fish soup _____. A. increases fishermen’s productivity B. is commonly consumed by local fishermen C. makes food banks rethink their products D. is produced by food banks in a traditional way (B) Who we need We are looking for talented and passionate people to work for health. WHO is committed to achieving workforce variety, aiming to achieve a broad representation of nationals of our member countries. Particular attention is paid to candidates from developing countries and gender filled in accordance with WHOs ability model. There are two key categories of staff at WHO: professionals (P) or directors (D) who are internationally recruited (招募) and general (G) or national professional (NPO) staff who are recruited locally for both fixed or short-term positions. We also run internship ( 实 习 ) and opportunities for junior professional officers (JPOs). Internationally recruited (P or D) Professional staff and directors are hired internationally and occupy leadership functions or positions that require a significant level of technical knowledge. P or D staff are mobile and are expected to work across the globe. Locally recruited (G or NPO) General Service staff are hired locally at the respective duty station. Their main role is to work with and support internationally recruited staff in their roles and to assure the smooth functioning of all administrative matters. National Professional Officers are nationals of the country in which they serve and perform functions of a professional nature requiring local knowledge, professional knowledge and experience. Internships We offer internships for current students with educational background in public health, management or administration fields. Junior professional officer programme The Junior Professional Officer (JPO) Programme provides young professionals at an early stage in their career with practical experience in international technical cooperation. JPOs are sponsored by their respective governments. Recruitment restrictions Please note the following restrictions on recruitment: Relatives of WHO Staff: Except where another equally well qualified person cannot be recruited, appointment shall not be granted to a person who bears any of the following relationships to a staff member: father, mother, son, daughter, brother or sister. Candidates under the age of 20 and above the age of 62 will not be considered for any vacancy. Policy on Non-Recruitment of Smokers: WHO has a smoke-free environment and does not recruit smokers who do, not indicate a willingness to stop smoking. This policy underscores the Organization’s commitment to promoting a smoke-free environment. 60. The above webpage aims at _____. A. recruiting volunteers for WHO B. achieving a broad representation of nationals C. explaining the functions of WHO D. providing information about WHO positions 61. What kind of applicants will definitely be turned down according to the restrictions? A. Males in their later 60s. B. People who have health problems. C. Children of WHO staff. D. Candidates with a smoking history. 62. What can be learned from the webpage? A. General Service staff are recruited all around the world. B. Junior Professional Officers work for local governments. C. Current students majoring in engineering can apply for internships. D. Professionals and directors are an internationally mobile workforce. (C) A seismic (地震的；重大的) shift in climate science might be heating up. New research shows that sound waves produced by earthquakes can be used to measure temperatures in the ocean which traps 90% of the heat Earth absorbs from the sun, making long-term changes in ocean warmth, a major factor in how the world might respond to global warming. For years the main approach of measuring ocean temperature has been Argo, an array (阵列) of 4000 automatic floats, which drifts the globe, sampling ocean water and measuring its temperature. Yet Argo measurements stop at 2000 meters. The new technique called “Seismic Ocean Thermometry” would be especially useful in detecting long-term changes in ocean temperatures deeper than Argo’s reach. “Ocean Acoustic Tomography”, the basis for the current research, was first tested nearly 30 years ago. The initial studies created sound waves artificially, basically increasing the volume on giant underwater speakers. Scientists measured the sound’s travel time from the speakers to receivers thousands of kilometers away. Because ocean temperatures affect the speed of the waves, the researchers could calculate average temperatures along their paths. But some believed the noise was a threat to ocean life and the technique never took off. The new study instead uses a natural sound source for investigation: earthquakes making a low, continuous noise beneath the seafloor off the coast of Sumatra that drum up sound waves in the ocean. On the shores of the Chagos Islands in the East Indian Ocean, between 2005 and 2016 Seismic Station Diego Garcia recorded seismic waves produced by those earthquakes. Some of those waves created physical changes in land and sea as they traveled. Others were sound waves or T waves that moved through the deep ocean, delivering valuable data about ocean temperature. 12 years of data coupled with mathematical models pointed to a temperature change of roughly 0.044 degrees per decade, a trend larger than those predicted by Argo. The findings suggest that Seismic Ocean Thermometry is a feasible method to measure changes in ocean temperature, Further data from other regions of the globe and other timeframes would help improve the warming models and predictions. And in future studies the researchers plan to listen directly for sound waves, using a network of hydrophones, microphones which detect sound waves under water. Sound waves set the tone for a deep dive into our warming oceans even if they fail to reach 60000 miles under the sea. 63. What disadvantage does Argo have? A. Its reach is limited. B. It takes long to collect samples. C. It doesn’t work globally. D. Its prediction isn’t reliable at all. 64. It can be learned that Ocean Acoustic Tomography _____. A. was tested many times but never succeeded B. remained unpopular for fear of potential harm C. was assumed to be too complicated to be controllable D. measured ocean temperature just as the new research does 65. It can be inferred from the new findings that _____. A. some warming is working its way deeper into the ocean B. ocean temperature is rising faster owing to earthquakes C. sound travels faster in colder water than in hotter water D. sound waves will slow down the warming of the ocean 66. Which is the best title for the passage? A. Sound Waves First Applied to Climate Science B. New Factors Found to Be Heating up the Ocean C. A Natural Approach Holding Back Global Wanning D. Ocean’s Hidden Heat Measured with Earthquake Sounds BBCC DAD ABAD 上海市奉贤区 2021 届高三下学期调研考试英语二模试卷 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Not long after Tony Berlin began working at the state driver’s license facility in Niles in 1985, he noticed that some truck drivers who should have failed their exams mysteriously passed them. For six years, starting in 1992, he collected evidence to show why: He believed truck drivers were bribing state workers to get licenses. In another turn of the screw, the workers were using those bribes to buy tickets to the then secretary of state George Ryan’s fundraisers, including for his successful bid for governor. Berlin tried to expose the corruption (腐败) — he went to the FBI and the upper ranks of the secretary of state’s office — but was repeatedly met with indifference. Then he began to suspect that the truck driver in a 1994 accident that killed six children, all from the same family, got his license through the scheme. In a moment that changed everything, Berlin reached out to the Reverend Scott Willis, the children’s father. It was his call to Willis that connected the crash to what would become known as the licenses-for-bribes scandal (丑闻). “Berlin’s the one who started it all,” says the Willises’ lawyer. A few months after that phone call, the U.S. attorney’s office initiated Operation Safe Road, an ongoing federal investigation that by the end of November had disclosed 34 offenses. The investigation ultimately netted 75 offenses, including that of Dean Bauer, Ryan’s inspector general. He pleaded guilty in 2001 to obstructing (妨碍) justice and was sentenced to 12 months in prison. But the biggest catch was Ryan himself, who was sentenced in 2006 to six and a half years for fraud and blackmailing. As for Berlin, he continued to work at state license facilities, in Streator and Pontiac, choosing to stay out of the public eye. 56. What initially caused Tony Berlin to investigate the licenses-for-bribes scandal? A. Truck drivers’ bribing state workers. B. Truck drivers’ licenses being granted too freely. C. His working at the state driver’s license facility. D. The truck driver’s killing six children in a 1994 accident. 57. According to Tony Berlin, the bribes ultimately ran into _____. A. buying driving licenses B. George Ryan’s fundraising C. covering the loss of the Willises D. supporting the federal investigation 58. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A. Tony’s calling Willis was a turning point in the whole bribing case. B. Tony Berlin became a household name after the exposure of the scandal. C. the FBI failed to take serious action the first time Berlin asked for investigation. D. George Ryan, the biggest criminal behind the scene, was sentenced to years in jail. 59. According to the passage, which of the following can best describe Tony Berlin? A. Perseverant, dutiful and fame-thirsty. B. Strong-willed, cooperative and sociable. C. Responsible, aggressive and merciless. D. Determined, right-minded and courageous. (B) We understand that in light of the latest government CORONAVIRUS TRAVEL ADVICE, your travel plans will be changing. To reflect this, some terms & conditions for refunding tickets or changing journeys are different to usual. Refunds on Unused Tickets for Travel • You can apply for refunds up to four weeks from the last day that the ticket was valid. • Unused Anytime, Off-Peak and Super Off-Peak tickets can be refunded and a service fee applies. Advance tickets are not refundable. Alternatively, you can change your ticket to travel at a later date — See ‘Changing Tickets or Requesting a Travel Voucher’ below. • PLEASE NOTE that if the train you are booked on does not run or is canceled due to irresistible forces, refunds will be made on ALL TICKETS TYPES with no service fee. If you are uncertain about travelling, you may wish to consider purchasing a more flexible ticket — such as Anytime or Off-Peak — for travel. Changing Tickets or Requesting a Travel Voucher • If you bought an Advance ticket before the National Lockdown was announced on 4th January and will no longer be travelling, you should apply for a travel voucher or reschedule your journey free of charge. You need to do this before your first train departs and pay the difference if your new ticket is more expensive. Please note you will not be entitled to a travel voucher if your Advance ticket was purchased after 4th Jan. Speak to the original retailer of your ticket for advice. • Anytime, Off-Peak and Super Off-Peak tickets are more flexible and can be changed anytime before you travel. There is no fee to change these tickets, you will only need to pay any difference in fare. Refunding Season Tickets • Unexpired (未逾期的) Season Tickets can be submitted for refund at any time and train companies calculate how much is refunded by how much value is left on your ticket. They do this by deducting ( 扣 除 ) the value of any other tickets you could have travelled with in the same time until you stopped using and return your Season Ticket. Refunds can only be backdated with evidence that illness prevented you from travelling. (National Rail Conditions of Travel, Condition 40.4). • To see how much you could get back from your Season Ticket, try the Season Ticket Refund Calculator below. For more information, including if you require a refund due to sickness that prevented you from using a Season Ticket, see the link here. • Customers can still claim refunds remotely online, minimizing contact between customers and staff, keeping everyone safer. Please see your retailer’s website for details. Travelling on Another Train Company’s Service • In areas where there is cancellation, train companies may agree acceptance of tickets routed via another company. For more details, please contact your rail service provider. 60. Passengers are entitled to their money back on _____. A. Anytime tickets completely free of charge B. Off-Peak tickets with no restrictions C. Advance tickets for their train not running D. Super Off-Peaks that went invalid for half a year 61. A Season ticket holds more refundable value only when _____. A. train companies refuse to calculate the value that is left on it B. you formally apply to cease using the ticket and hand it back C. you use the Season Ticket Refund Calculator on the website D. the proof is given that you were unable to travel due to illness 62. We can learn from the passage that _____. A. Advance tickets purchased after Jan. 4th can also be rescheduled B. passengers with a fixed timetable are advised to buy Anytime tickets C. safer approaches to refund have been introduced to limit physical contact D. service from another train company is not available if your train get cancelled (C) The urgency and importance of Covid-19 over the past year have driven almost everything else from most leaders’ minds. But since the vaccine is kicking in, Britain’s government is once again beginning to think about the things that will matter later. Next week, it is expected to publish a “plan for growth” to boost productivity, with innovation at its centre. The world may be on the point of a technological boom with life sciences, at which Britain excels. Innovation is crucial to productivity, but on this front Britain’s performance has lagged behind its competitors’ in recent years. Its low spending on Research and Development (R&D) argues for a boost. Those who attributed the financial failure in the 1970s to the insufficiency of research funds may regard this as a threat to economic growth. Promoting innovation can quickly turn into an exercise in picking winners — or, as is more often the case, losers. A second danger is that policy agendas get mixed up. The government has promised to “level up” poorer areas of the country, so deprived towns are campaigning for more money for their universities. But trying to boost innovation by sending money to weak institutions is likely to make our leading universities lose their advantages, thus producing average ideas that could have been remarkable. Britain’s research-funding system has always been elitist ( 精 英 主 义 的 ). It should stay that way. The government’s first move in boosting innovation was the announcement of a plan for an Advanced Research and Invention Agency (ARIA). ARIA’s purpose is to fund high-risk, high-reward research. But money is not all that matters. The successful translation of life science research into treatments during the pandemic suggests some inexpensive measures that can also make a difference. One is to speed up governmental processes. The rapidity with which Britain’s medical regulator moved during the pandemic is one reason why the vaccine rollout is racing through the population. Urgency is not unique to pandemics. Getting things done quickly can make an investment worthwhile and determine where a businessman chooses as a base. Another useful measure the government should use is its unique ability to overcome barriers. At the beginning of the pandemic, Covid-19 researchers were unable to gain access to different strands of health service data. The government eased restrictions on existing data and allowed researchers to ask people who had tested positive for Covid-19 to join trials. Both were crucial to the effort. A last principle is the value of connections between the government and the private sector. Kate Bingham, a venture capitalist who led the vaccine-purchase effort, understood how to deal with drug companies. Many of the civil servants working with her had commercial experience. The government's closeness to business during the pandemic has been criticized. But without it, the vaccine effort would not have succeeded. Innovation took human beings from caves to computers. Good education, a welcoming immigration policy and a friendly business environment will do most to tend it. But a few sensible principles can help keep the flame burning. 63. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Investing insufficient money in innovation. B. Promoting innovation in technology. C. Applying science results to practical uses. D. Distributing funds to weak institutions. 64. What’s the possible consequence of the British government’s attempt to “level up” poorer areas? A. Britain’s research-funding system will remain elitist. B. Weak institutions are more likely to produce remarkable results. C. The outstanding universities will be unable to exhibit remarkable ideas. D. Both poor and rich areas in the country will develop in a balanced way. 65. What can be inferred from the three principles put forward by the writer? A. A businessman is more willing to set up business where governments show high efficiency. B. The administrative abilities are so unique to the government that they actually yield little fruit. C. The government ceased the cooperation with private sectors for the criticism they had received. D. The rollout of the vaccine was made possible mainly because the public responded quickly. 66. What’s the best title of the passage? A. How Governments Fuel the Sparks of Innovation B. Why the Brits Struggle in the Tech Race C. How Governments Benefit from Innovation D. What People Gain with the Light of Technology BBBD CDC ACAA CDAE 上海市松江区 2021 届高三下学期调研考试英语二模试卷 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Hazel Mayfield usually cooks the Thanksgiving meal for her extended family in Houston, Texas. She usually welcomes friends and neighbors who are eager to taste her fried turkey, green bean casserole, candied yams, homemade cornbread dressing, and dirty rice—just a few of her signature dishes. Known as Sugar Mama, because her grandchildren think she’s so sweet, the 91-year-old typically likes to do her own shopping for the ingredients to make her special dishes. “My mother is the head cook of the family,” said Panulette Mouton, Mayfield’s daughter. “Because of her reputation, you know, there’re people in and out all day and every family comes through. They want to get some of Sugar Mama’s cooking, and some of them would like to learn from her how to cook the food.” But Mayfield hasn’t been to the grocery store since March. And there is little about Thanksgiving in 2020 that’s usual. Because of Covid-19, the deadly virus that has killed millions in the U.S. and spoiled life around the world, everything is different. Since limiting close face-to-face contact with others is the best way to reduce its spread, hundreds of thousands of American families have re-imagined the holiday with virtual celebrations and canceled or delayed travel plans. There can only be small gatherings with people in their households in response to COVID-19. This year, Mayfield’s family members, without exception, are lamenting the absence of a big gathering. They’ve explained to their young children and grandchildren why this year’s Thanksgiving is different. Mayfield’s youngest daughter, Michelle Sanders, says it’s tough to help her grandchildren understand why they can’t see some of their other family members and why they have to stay at home, celebrating Thanksgiving all by themselves. “It’s really hard, trying to explain to them,” Sanders said. “When- you’re talking to them and they want to come over, you have to tell them no. They really don’t know how to be careful.” Sanders added, “And, they don’t understand that, being three, four, and six, you know they don’t really understand that. So, it’s...it’s really, really hard, and heartbreaking.” 56. According to the passage, Hazel Mayfield is _____. A. helpful and kind-hearted B. stubborn and enthusiastic C. talented and instructive D. grateful and sensitive 57. The underlined word in paragraph 4 can be best replaced by _____. A. fascinated by B. upset about C. ignorant of D. embarrassed at 58. What can we infer from what Sanders said in the last paragraph? A. Children are too young to understand the situation. B. Children are always careless on Thanksgiving Day. C. It’s tough to help children overcome their problems. D. Adults should show patience when talking with kids. 59. What do we know about the effect of COVID-19 according to the passage? A. People are cutting down holiday celebration expenses. B. People are trying hard to get together to have more fun. C. People have to make changes in their lifestyle to stay safe. D. People have put more emphasis on the traditional customs. (B) Here are four books recommended by one of the most respected editors from Reader’s Digest. If you have time to dip yourselves into the books, they can surely offer much food for thought. Face It Debbie Harry HARPER COLLINS Picture this: it’s the late 1970s and the punk music scene is starting to take hold. The band releases the album Parallel Lines, which becomes the greatest hit. Everyone wants to attend her concert and some teenage girls even dream to be her. Now 75, Harry bares all about herself in Face It, starting from her childhood. Part shocking, this book is as humorous, moving and vigorous as its subject. Scatterbrain Henning Beck NEWSOUTH BOOKS If there is no obvious connection among what we see, the brain will substitute in the rest of the information without you even noticing, Beck says in the chapter Memory. In this “user’s guide for your brain”, he argues that mistakes are the keys to success. He combines science with brain-boosting advice and real-life stories to take the reader on a fascinating adventure through human memory. You’re Not Listening Kate Murphy PENGUINE RANDOM HOUSE When was the last time you listened to someone? Really listened without thinking about what you wanted to say next? And when was the last time someone really listened to you? Compared with talking, listening isn’t considered so important, argues journalist Kate Murphy, but she insists it is actually the more powerful position in communication. Her insights could transform your conversations, your relationships and your life. The Right-Brain Work Out Russel Howcroft with Alex Wadelton PENGUIN In 1968, 1600 five-year-olds were given a creativity test. They were retested at ages 10 and 15 and their scores were compared against adults. While 98 per cent of five-year-olds were assessed in the “highly creative” range (genius level), only two per cent of adults could be considered “highly creative”. In The Right-Brain Work Out, the authors promise to re-train your brain to be more creative, using 70 questions to challenge you. 60. What can we learn from the passage? A. Parallel Lines became a great success in the 1970s unexpectedly. B. Face It mainly reveals things about the band to the general public. C. Scatterbrain helps stimulate your brain to take more adventures. D. Beck holds that the importance of mistakes shouldn’t be ignored. 61. In The Right-Brain Work Out, which of the following is true? A. Two tests were given separately to the subjects. B. The effect of the brain exercise is clearly proved. C. Some questions are designed to enhance creativity. D. Genius kids reserve their creativity into adulthood. 62. You will recommend _____ to a colleague having difficulty in getting along well with others. A. Face It B. Scatterbrain C. You’re Not Listening D. The Right-Brain Work Out (C) Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to name things, or processes which have no names in ordinary English, and partly to secure greater exactness in terminology (术语). Such special dialects are necessary in technical discussion of any kind. Being universally understood by those engaged or interested in the particular science or art, they have the accurateness of a mathematical formula (公式). Besides, they save time in these kinds of discussions, for it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it. Thousands of these technical terms are very properly included in every large dictionary, vet, as a whole, they are rather in the suburbs of the English language . Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts, and other professions, like farming and fishery, which have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very central part of our language. Thus, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally understood, than most other technical terms. In law, medicine, and philosophy, the special dialects have also become pretty familiar to cultivated persons and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet among these professions, each one still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned when they have served their turn. Most of the newly-invented terms are restricted to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close combination. Lawyers, doctors and men of science all communicate freely with others, not in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called “popular science” makes everybody familiar with modem views and recent discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported online, and everybody is soon talking about it—as in the case of AI. 63. What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph mean? A. Technical terms which are not easy to use properly will not be welcome. B. People who live in downtown don’t have a preference for technical terms. C. Technical terms are not widely employed though common in dictionaries. D. Suburban people favor technical terms for they often appear in dictionaries. 64. What can be inferred from the second paragraph? A. There are more ancient words in trades and handicrafts than in philosophy. B. Most newly invented terms are usually put into use in daily conversations. C. Most new technical terms will be abandoned for few can understand them. D. Educated people are familiar with the special dialects in technological fields. 65. Which of the following can best summarize the last paragraph? A. Technical terms take on a rather different look as modem society develops quickly. B. People can well comprehend technical terms without much professional knowledge. C. Interchange among professions and faster spread of information popularize technical terms. D. Advanced ways of communication give a helping hand to the rapid spread of technical terms. 66. According to the passage, we can conclude that _____. A. there were once closer relationships among different professions B. using technical vocabularies in daily discussions is trouble-saving C. the main function of technical terms is to name newly-invented things D. one reason why technical terms come into being is to ensure accuracy Section B 56-59 ABAC 60-62 DCC 63-66 CACD 上海市嘉定区 2021 届高三下学期调研考试英语二模试卷 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) ① On Monday, a scientist and doctor Robert Winston is to formally ask a question in congress about what assessments the government has made “for requiring adults riding bicycles in city centres to have a licence and third-party insurance”. The letter below is the entirely imagined response I would like the government to make to him. ② Dear Robert, ③ You ask what assessments we’ve made for your proposal about obliging cyclists to have licences and insurance. The brief answer is: none. Nor do we have any plans to do so. ④ Why? Again, the short answer is this: it’s a silly and pointless thing to suggest, as evidenced by the fact that practically no countries or territories anywhere in the world require cyclists to be licensed, or to have compulsory insurance. ⑤ I suppose it’s only fair if I explain why I think it is such a non-issue. It’s pretty simple: such a plan would achieve pretty much nothing, while causing significant problems. More widely, any sensible governments will do everything in their power to get more people cycling, not to put pointless obstacles in their way. ⑥ Let’s just take one example. As I’m sure you know as a doctor, one of the problems facing our nation is that the National Health System is likely to collapse under the caring for an increasingly overweight population. Inactive living is central to this. Even a fairly brief daily bike trip can have miraculous benefits for people’s health. ⑦ Next, how would such rules even work? Would the licensing and insurance be just for adults, or also children? How would the system even be enforced—would it also require all bikes to be registered with number plates? ⑧ Finally, what would you hope to achieve by this? If you believe licensing transport users stops wrongdoing, can I point to you the data showing how a third of drivers admit to using handheld phones while driving, despite the law forbidding it. ⑨ So, to summarize: your plan would be to introduce a hugely new administrative scheme that would most likely have limited effect on the behaviour of averagely law-abiding (守法的) transport users who rarely harm others, while putting people off from this beneficial type of transport. ⑩ I’m afraid I just don’t get it. 56. What does Robert most probably want to know by asking the question? A. whether the government has made efforts regarding his proposal. B. whether each bike rider has applied for a third-party insurance. C. whether the congress has sympathy towards the cyclists. D. whether doctors can receive the government’s support. 57. What does the author think of the plan proposed by Robert? A. It may raise people’s insurance awareness. B. It can motivate people to obey the law. C. It imitates what other countries are doing. D. It is difficult to implement and enforce. 58. The example in paragraph 6 is used _____. A. to draw people’s attention to overweight problems B. to prove that cycling can cause problems C. to explain why governments advocate cycling D. to illustrate how broken the NHS is 59. We can conclude from the passage that the author _____. A. holds prejudices against Robert Winston B. is a pleasant and good-tempered person C. has the right to speak for the government D. is skilled in argumentative techniques (B) This document sets out the display standards for Glasgow Museums. This guide will help exhibition planners provide access to exhibitions in our museums. Glasgow Museums’ aim is to improve access to collections by having as many items as possible on display and without physical barriers. We also try out best to protect these objects without limiting access to them.  Object Placement • Don’t place objects in such a way that they could present a danger to visitors. • All object displays, cased or otherwise, must be viewable by all, including people who are small in figure or in wheelchairs.  Open Display • All objects on open display must be secure from theft and damage. • All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to-object basis by the Security Manager of the museum. Recommendations Distance Recommended distance to place objects out of “casual arm’s 700mm length” (taken from the edge of the object to the edge of any proposed form of barrier) 700mm *In some cases, 600mm may be acceptable, provided the plinth height is above 350mm.  Cased Objects • All cased displays should fall within the general optimum (最优的) viewing band of 750-2000mm. Ensure everything is visually accessible from a wheelchair. • Position small objects or those with fine detail in the front part of a case, with larger items behind. • Position small items or those with fine detail no highe r than 1015mm from floor level. Objects placed above this height are only seen from below by people in wheelchairs or people who are small in figure. 60. From this passage, we can learn that Glasgow Museums _____. A. limit access to exhibitions on a daily basis B. are most famous for its large collection C. make generous donations to the disabled D. value the experiences of all visitors 61. According to the guide, objects to be placed on open display must _____. A. be equipped with anti-theft system B. be viewed from a distance of 700mm C. receive approval from the museum first D. fall within arms’ reach of a standing man 62. A mother and her 10-year-old son are likely to both feel comfortable in front of a diamond placed in a glass case at the height of _____. A. 1250mm B. 950mm C. 650mm D. 450mm (C) Gottfried Wilhelm von Liebniz was a philosopher and mathematician in search of a model. In he late 1600s Leibniz decided there was a need for a new, purer arithmetic than our common decimal (十进制) system. He got his inspiration from the 5000-year-old book that is at the heart of Chinese philosophy: the I-Ching, or Book of Changes. This ancient text was such an influence on Liebniz that he titled his article on the new arithmetic “Explanation of a new arithmetic and the ancient Chinese figure of Fu Xi”. Fu Xi was the legendary first author of the I-Ching. The arithmetic that Liebniz described was binary (二进 制) code, which is used in almost every modem computer, from iPhones to China’s own Tihane-2 supercomputer. To figure out what Liebniz learned in the I-Ching, we need to understand something that most of us have taken for granted. When we listen to an MP3, look at a digital photo or watch he latest TV drama, we are experiencing a digital representation of reality. That representation is basically just a string of binary signals that are commonly known as 1s and 0s. What Liebniz’s gained from the book was that even the most complex reality could be represented in the binary form as 1s and 0s. In the philosophy of the I-Ching, reality is not entirely real. It is something more like a dream. This dream of reality arises from the binaries of Yin and Yang, as they play out countless combinations, practically everything in the universe. It’s not surprising then, from the I-Ching’s perspective, that anything in the dream of reality can be represented in a string of 1s and 0s, processed by a computer. The I-Ching was far more ambitious than the current practical applications of binary code. It is claimed that the I-Ching represents nothing less than the basic situation of human life itself. As a system for predicting the future, the I-Ching might disappoint, but as a way of questioning your own unconscious mind, it can be remarkably useful. The I-Ching’s teachings also contain warnings about our digital revolution. Binary code, powered by modem computers, has an amazing capacity to represent reality. However, the ancient authors of the I-Ching might have understood its potential - and its dangers - even better than we now do. So when scientific thinkers ask whether computers can create “virtual realities” or “artificial intelligence”, they are missing the point. Of course, we can create ever deeper and more complex layers of the dream of reality. The real question is, can we wake up from the dream we’re in already? 63. Which of the following is TRUE about binary codes? A. They share the same source with the decimal system. B. They can form numerous combinations. C. They are documented in the Book of Changes. D. They are first discovered by Fu Xi. 64. In paragraph 3, the underlined part refers to the fact that _____. A. media products are digitally represented using 1s and 0s. B. TV dramas and digital photos are not worth seeing. C. Reality is made more complex by binary codes. D. Liebniz’s model is hardly understandable. 65. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Computers’ ability to represent reality is quite limited. B. Human life is now in grave danger according to the I-Ching. C. We have yet to understand the complete teachings of the I-Ching. D. The I-Ching is perfectly accurate in predicting the future. 66. Which of the following is the best title? A. The Ancient Book of Wisdom at the Heart of Every Computer B. The Supercomputer that Employs Ancient Chinese Culture C. The Father of Binary Code, Gottfried Wilhelm Liebniz D. The Origin of Eastern and Western Philosophy 56-66 ADCD DCB BACA 上海市宝山区 2021 届高三下学期调研考试英语二模试卷 Section B Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) People are motivated to do activities by many different factors. For me the main factors that are involved are competition, the desire for achieving greatness, the satisfaction of completing projects, and enjoyment. Since I am a twin, a sense of competition is deep rooted in my brain. Healthy competition can push us to do fantastic things. It makes us strive for a certain goal and gets us to do things faster. However, I do not think competition should become harmful. When anger, frustration, and depression is a result of competition, it is not healthy. Yet, competition can bring about respect, friendship, and mutual gain. In the case with my twin brother, we have pushed ourselves to be good at sports, music, school, and even at work. This competitive spirit has leaked into my life without my twin around. In a sense, I reproduce my twin brother in other people. I always try to be number one at whatever I do - or at least in the top three. There are times this attitude becomes unhealthy, as I get frustrated if I give everything to a competition or activity and produce only average results. But as the years passed, I have gotten better at handling failure and defeat. All in all, I think I finish and do well in many areas of my life for the simple fact that I want to do well in them. The feeling of doing well against competent opponents is satisfying. I enjoy the feeling of completing an important project. For instance, last year, I finished a poetry collection with my late father's poems and my own poems. It was an honor to him and his work. In a way, I felt that his death was not in vain and that his work was proved even more through this collection. It is hard to describe the moment of knowing when such an important project is set to rest: it is almost like you are ready to die. You sense that a chapter of your life has closed and you are now a new person. These deep emotions motivate me to complete projects on a regular basis. The simplest factor that motivates me to do something is enjoyment. There are people who do activities they do not enjoy for decades. I am not one of those people. I can work on tasks I do not like for a while, but in the end, my main focus should be on something that I enjoy. If I find joy in doing a certain work, I engage in it for a large part of the day, or even all day without tiring. Tiredness in most cases, in my life, is due to a lack of enjoyment in the work being done. Each person has his or her own motivating factors. I hope this reflection has allowed you to dip deeper into your true nature. 56. The author mentions his twin brother (Paragraph 1) toshow A. the peer of competition B. the root cause of competition C. the competent opponent D. the competitive partner 57. By the poetry collection, the author intends to . A. honor his father and himself for years to come B. describe the sense of a chapter of his new life C. allow his father to rest and get himself to ready todie D. appreciate the satisfaction of completingprojects 58. What attitude does the author take towards tasks? A. He feels angry, frustrated and depressed in histasks. B. He enjoys the tasks that other people are reluctant todo. C. He works without tiredness if he takes pleasure intasks. D. He usually lacks enjoyment in the tasks beingdone. 59. Which of the following might be the best title of thepassage? A. Motivation B. Competition C. Reflection D. Satisfaction (B) The Classic road trip is more popular than ever. Here are several places to hit the open road. (1) Colo-road Trips The Colorado Tourism Office has made it easy for road-trippers to explore the state's 24 Scenic Historic Byways. A new microsite includes an interactive map that enables travelers to explore options by region, interest or season. Travelers seeking inspiration can also access insider tips and side-trip suggestions within more than 150 Colo-road Trip itineraries. The flexible itineraries offer suggestions for historic attractions, active adventures and highlight cultural opportunities. (2) The Bear-tooth Highway Visitors who travel this extraordinary path experience the visual landscape of Montana, Wyoming and Yellowstone Park, home to the Absaroka and Bear-tooth mountains. The windy, cliff-hugging 68-mile stretch introduces road explorers to one of the most diverse （多样的） ecosystems accessible by auto. Amazingly beautiful, this All-American Road display wide highlands, painted with patches of ice blue lakes, forested valleys, waterfalls and wildlife. (3) Seward Highway,Alaska The road that connects Anchorage to Seward is a 127-mile treasure, including natural beauty, wildlife and stories of adventure and endurance. Take a day or several to explore the region that has earned three-fold recognition as a Forest Service Scenic Byway, an Alaskan Scenic Byway and an All-American Road. The drive begins at the base of the Chugach Mountains, hugs the scenic shores of Turn-again Arm and winds through mining towns, national forests and fishing villages as you imagine how explorers, fur traders and gold prospectors might have fared back in the day. Expect waterfalls, glaciers（冰川）, eagles, moose（驼鹿）and some good bear stories. (4) The Lighthouse Trail, Maine Travels the 375 miles between Kittery and Calais, Maine, visiting lighthouses along the way, and learn about the dangers that seagoing boats and their crew endured along the rocky Northeastern coast. Hear tales of shipwreck（s 海滩）and of the difficult and lonely life led by those who kept the lights burning brightly. If possible, visit the Maine Lighthouse Museum, where artifacts and hands-on exhibits for children provide an attractive break. 60. What is special about each place mentionedabove? A. Tourists of Colo-road Trips are provided with adaptable plan oftrip. B. Visitors to the Bear-tooth Highway can enjoy the autodisplay. C. Drivers along Seward Highway can appreciate the treasureunderground. D. The Lighthouse Trail offers travelers seagoing boats to row in thesea. 61. Which place favors kids according the passage? A. Colo-road Trips. B. The Bear-tooth Highway. C. Seward Highway, Alaska. D. The Lighthouse Trail, Maine. 62. The best title for the passage is . A. Stories of adventure along road trips B. American popular road trips C. Recognition for classic places D. All-American highway journey (C) According to Oxford Dictionaries, morality means: "Principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior." Though morality is a rather subjective subject, there are some principles that are universal across all cultures found by an Oxford University study: "help your family, help your group, return favors, be brave, obey superiors, divide resources fairly, and respect others' property". The fact that these morals are found across 60 cultures from around the world demonstrates that morality, though subjective, is the cornerstone of keeping our societies together. Here are some reasons to be moral: without morality, a social life is almost impossible to maintain; having a good reputation and having a clear conscience is psychologically healthy; and most philosophies regard unselfish and principled behavior as important. There is no doubt that without morals, a society cannot function effectively. A confused situation would appear. According to the Society of Morality, "We are social animals, and the actions we take - the things we do and the things we don't do - have consequences on our environments and on the others around us. As a result, we need to be able to govern our behavior in the near term so as not to injure ourselves or our community in the long term. This system of controlling our actions and our thoughts in order to operate in a community is what we often refer to as morality". Therefore, we need a set of morals in order to operate within a social circle and a social environment. Acting immoral usually results in being excluded from social activities or being avoided by a society based on laws and cultural standards. Besides acting moral having a sociological need, it also has a psychological basis. Most people are concerned to some extent about their reputation. According to PsyPost, "A lot of economic models of human behavior assume that people are only rational（理性的）when they narrowly pursue their own self-interest, but history shows us that people are also tremendously concerned with being and appearing moral". So, the fear of one's reputation being damaged is often a strong motivator to be moral. And if someone has been immoral, most people go out of their way to make sure no one finds out, or to correct the behavior in order to not be caught. This goes in line with conscience as well. People generally feel in a better psychological state if they feel that their conscience is clean. A dirty conscience can result in a lack of sleep, anxiety, internal stress, and even illness. On the side of philosophy, the study of ethics（伦理）comes into play. Most philosophers agree that one should rationally choose a set of standards of behavior in order to function. Though there is moral relativism, there are universal anthropological（人类学的）morals, as mentioned in the introduction. By the nature of our societies and cultures, we choose what we believe is right and wrong. But surprising, this rational behavior comes to a general agreement on morals. So, there is a fine line between moral relativism and moral absolutism. But the main thing to take away from this discussion is that philosophers generally believe that 3each individual has the right to rationally come up with a set of ethics to live by, and that it is healthy to do so. 63. The author discusses morality (Paragraph 1) in order to . A. explain the relationship between morality andculture B. describe the moral rules found all around theworld C. contrast the distinction between right andwrong D. introduce the definition, principles and reasons ofmorality 64. It can be inferred from the passage that . A. acting moral allows us to fit into groups better B. morality brings the system of controllingbehaviors C. acting immoral weakens laws and culturalstandards D. Our controlled behaviors establish sets ofmorals 65. Which of the following is the psychological basis for actingmoral? A. Pursuit of self-interest. B. A clean conscience. C. The concern about reputation. D. A dirty conscience. 66. What does the author advise us to do according to the lastparagraph? A. To reach a general agreement on morals based onethics. B. To carve one’s own sense of ethics to operate in this world. C. To choose between moral relativism and moralabsolutism. D. To exclude philosophers’ beliefs and solutions aswell. 56-59 BDCA 60-62 ADB 63-66DACB