上海市部分区2021届高考英语二模试题分类汇编：完形填空专题 含答案

上海市部分区 2021 年高考英语二模试题分类汇编 完形填空专题 上海市崇明区 2021 届高三下学期调研考试英语二模试卷 Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Around 13,000 years ago North America had a wider variety of mammals (哺乳动物) than modem Africa. There were multiple horse species, camels and some now-extinct animals. And such __41__ creatures were not just found in North America. On every continent mammals on average were a lot larger from around 2.5 million until about 11,700 years ago. Scientists have long debated what caused all these large creatures to go extinct while many of the smaller ones __42__. A team of researchers led by biologist Felisa Smith analyzed evidence from millions of years’ worth of mammalian extinctions and found that on each continent large mammals started to __43__ around the same time humans first showed up. If the extinction trend continues, many more large mammals will soon disappear as well, as the primary threats from humans have __44__ from overhunting to indirect processes such as habitat loss. In their new study Smith and her team analyzed a database of all land mammals that lived from 65 million years ago until today. “We found __45__ no effect of climate on mammalian extinction over 65 million years,” she says. But starting around 125,000 years ago and continuing until today, large mammals have been more likely to go extinct than smaller ones, the researchers found. The average __46__ of surviving mammals has decreased as a result. And those large-mammal extinctions are tightly coupled with the __47__ of humans. For most of mammalian __48__ history, an animal’s size was not predictive of its extinction risk. That __49__ only appeared once humans began to live alongside large mammals. This finding does not mean climate-related changes could not have __50__ some wildlife populations, enabling humans to more easily bring about their eventual downfall, __51__ it suggests the greater likelihood of large mammals going extinct is tied to human activities. The animals that evolved without the risk of hunting from humans were suddenly faced with a new __52__ They simply could not __53__ fast enough to survive the invasion of humans. Smith says the lesson to be learned from the new findings is that our ancestors prepared us to be extremely skillful killers. “What’s __54__ now,” she says, “is that some of us are comfortable enough, have a high enough standard of living, that we can start thinking about our use of die Earth.” Rather than simply behaving as __55__, many of us are now in a position to become environmental protectors. 41. A. smart B. massive C. marine D. ancient 42. A. survived B. shrank C. escaped D. returned 43. A. hide away B. make off C. breakup D. die out 44. A. faded B. restored C. improved D. expanded 45. A. absolutely B. predictably C. exclusively D. potentially 46. A. weight B. speed C. size D. appetite 47. A. production B. appearance C. exploration D, cruelty 48. A. recorded B. contemporary C. evolutionary D. ancient 49. A. link B. contact C. adaptation D. distinction 50. A. enlarged B. stressed C. impressed D. dominated 51. A. Moreover B. Otherwise C. Meanwhile D. Rather 52. A. species B. hope C. rule D. threat 53. A. grow B. digest C. withdraw D. adapt 54. A. instructive B. fashionable C. different D. marvelous 55. A. sponsors B. creators C. consumers D. designers 41-55 BADDA CBCAB DDDCC 上海市奉贤区 2021 届高三下学期调研考试英语二模试卷 Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. As consumers, we are very wasteful. Annually, the world generates 1.3 billion tons of solid waste. This is expected to go up to 2.2 billion by 2025. The developed countries are __41__ for 44% of waste, and in the U.S. alone, the average person throws away their body weight in rubbish every month. Traditional wisdom would seem to suggest that companies have no interest in __42__ the life cycle of their products and reduce the revenue (营收) they would get from selling new goods. __43__, more and more businesses are thinking about how to reduce consumer waste. This is __44__ driven by the rising price of raw materials and metals. Also, both consumers and companies becoming more aware of the need to protect our environment is another force that contributes. When choosing what products to buy and which brands to buy from, more and more consumers are looking into sustainability, which is __45__ just price and performance they were concerned about in the past. In a survey of 54 of the world’s leading brands, almost all of them reported that consumers are showing increasing care about environmental lifestyles. At the same time, surveys on consumers in the U.S. and the U.K. show that they also care about __46__ energy use and reducing waste. __47__, consumers control what happens to a product. But some companies are starting to realize that placing the burden of recycling entirely on the consumer is not an effective strategy, especially when __48__ something seems like the easiest and most convenient option. Some retailers and manufacturers in the clothing, footwear, and electronics industries have launched __49__ programs. They want to make their customers interested in __50__ their products and preventing things that still have value from going to the landfill. By offering services to help expand the longevity of their products, they’re promising quality and __51__ to consumers, and receiving the __52__ gains for being environmentally friendly and socially responsible. Enormous opportunities also __53__ e-waste. It is estimated that in 2014 the world produced some 42 million metric tons of e-waste (discarded electrical and electronic equipment and its parts) with North America and Europe accounting for 8 and 12 million metric tons __54__. The materials from e-waste include iron, copper, gold, silver, and aluminum-materials that could be reused, resold, recovered, or recycled. Together, the value of these metals is estimated to be about $52 billion. Electronics giants like BestBuy and Samsung have provided e-waste __55__ programs over the past few years, which aim to refurbish (翻新) old electronic components and parts into new products. 41. A. forgivable B. accountable C. tolerable D. remarkable 42. A. altering B. lengthening C. obeying D. upsetting 43. A. Therefore B. Somehow C. Yet D. Otherwise 44. A. partly B. barely C. precisely D. exclusively 45. A. bridged with B. subjected to C. opposed to D. associated with 46. A. minimizing B. maintaining C. stimulating D. deserting 47. A. On the contrary B. Above all C. For example D. In most cases 48. A. modifying B. wrecking C. dumping D. restoring 49. A. sustainable B. compulsory C. economic D. educational 50. A. insuring B. substituting C. concealing D. preserving 51. A. accessibility B. productivity C. affordability D. durability 52. A. profitable B. emotional C. predictable D. reputational 53. A. lie in B. stand for C. consist of D. result in 54. A. respectively B. dramatically C. evenly D. thoroughly 55. A. take-back B. give-away C. clean-up D. cut-down 41-55 BBCAC ADCAD DDAAA 上海市松江区 2021 届高三下学期调研考试英语二模试卷 Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Certainty: Over-rated and Over-rewarded Type the words “kind of’ or “perhaps” into an email in Microsoft Outlook and the program might well tell you to think again. If the Al-powered “Microsoft Editor” judges that you are not sounding __41__ enough, it will soon give you a word of warning: “Words expressing uncertainty will __42__ your impact.” To me, this suggestion precisely expresses something we’ve got wrong in society. We live in a world that __43__ those who speak with confidence—even when that is misplaced—and gives very little opportunity to perform to those who __44__ doubt. “We tend to listen to those experts who tell us a simple, clear and confident story. Why? Because that’s __45__ satisfying,” says Dan Gardner, author of Future Babble, “That’s saying ‘let me sweep away the uncertainty for you’.” Research shows that the human brain is “programmed” to hate __46__: a 2016 study found that when volunteers were given electric shocks, their stress levels were highest when they had no idea whether they were going to be given a shock—higher even than subjects who were told they would __47__ get one. We should first know that while confident-sounding experts might be giving us what our brains desire, the __48__ they are providing is probably false. Psychologist Philip Tetlock divided up forecasters into “foxes” and “hedgehogs”. Foxes consider all sorts of different approaches and perspectives, and combine those into distinct conclusions. __49__, hedgehogs tend to view the world through the lens of one single defining idea. That makes the hedgehogs __50__ forecasters but more likely to get attention. Perhaps we care less about the truth and more about enjoying some sense of __51__ however short-lived that might be. But wouldn’t it be better if we held experts to account? Mr. Gardner suggests tagging speakers with some kind of record of previous __52__ much as we are given performance statistics for racehorses or baseball players. Highly confident statements also __53__ polarization (两极化), encouraging others to respond in the same kind of language when they disagree. “There’s a natural tendency to push back with equal amounts of __54__ says Daniel Drezner, a political scientist. Is it time to give a bit more attention to the __55__? Full of certainty on the need to stop paying so much attention to those expressing certainty, I say yes. 41. A. timid B. reasonable C. decisive D. mature 42. A. assess B. reverse C. enhance D. lessen 43. A. rewards B. relaxes C. confuses D. weakens 44. A. eliminate B. acknowledge C. emphasize D. conceal 45. A. physically B. psychologically C. politically D. professionally 46. A. uncertainty B. confidence C. dishonesty D. stress 47. A. readily B. fortunately C. definitely D. probably 48. A. desire B. depression C. shock D. relief 49. A. For instance B. In addition C. Even so D. In contrast 50. A. funnier B. worse C. less confident D. more reliable 51. A. achievement B. responsibility C. security D. justice 52. A. approaches B. attention C. predictions D. significance 53. A. prohibit B. promote C. sacrifice D. separate 54. A. firmness B. encouragement C. carefulness D. statement 55. A. foxes B. hedgehogs C. forecasters D. scientists Section A 41-45 CDABB 46-50 ACDDB 51-55 CCBAA 上海市嘉定区 2021 届高三下学期调研考试英语二模试卷 Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. There have been many times during my travels when I’ve needed something repaired, from broken zips to memory cards that have lost data. From India to Ethiopia, I have had __41__ trouble in finding menders to repair what is broken. But in rich countries, such items would often be __42__ and replaced with new ones. Now the idea that something that works fine should be replaced is now so deeply-rooted in our __43__ that few people question it. We are increasingly convinced by manufacturers to __44__ replace a product. The earliest example may be the so-called “lightbulb scheme”, in which a group of companies signed an agreement that __45__ each other to sell lightbulbs with a longer than 1,000-hour lifespan (寿命), even though bulbs lasting more than 100,000 hours __46__. The result was that households needed to replace their bulbs regularly, greatly __47__ the consumer market. This way of selling more products by designing products that __48__ fail, cannot be repaired, or have a set lifespan is known as “planned obsolescence (报废)”. However, it is not just a way for __49__ to increase profits, many politicians believe it to be a societal necessity. During the 1930s Depression in the US, it was seen as a way to get the __50__ moving again by urging people to buy more stuff. By the 1950s, it had become the dominant practice in large-scale production with things no longer built to __51__. Clever advertising persuaded people to shop. Consumer culture was born. Some industries, such as fashion, rely heavily on “planned obsolescence”, with items being made to last a single season or less. Other industries are __52__ fashion to bring out products that will soon appear dated. For example, __53__ lifespans are programmed into chips (芯片), so that printers will stop working after a preset number of pages. __54__, some consumers are starting to hit back, advising people on the Internet how to find and remove the printer chip. They began taking apart computers and other equipment, getting around the copyright protection. People like them are contributing to a __55__ of the consumer culture. Instead of being driven by it, they choose new products based on how long-lasting they are and how easy they are to be repaired. Perhaps, “planned obsolescence” will begin to see its end. 41. A. real B. much C. little D. big 42. A. worked out B. thrown away C. fixed up D. boasted about 43. A. industry B. culture C. product D. route 44. A. permanently B. fundamentally C. sensibly D. frequently 45. A. forbade B. reminded C. allowed D. instructed 46. A. failed B. existed C. flashed D. boomed 47. A. shrinking B. distributing C. stabilizing D. expanding 48. A. miserably B. barely C. deliberately D. slightly 49. A. opponents B. manufacturers C. delegates D. immigrants 50. A. employment B. fashion C. politics D. economy 51. A. last B. transfer C. collapse D. tempt 52. A. exploiting B. following C. deserting D. entitling 53. A. decent B. additional C. valid D. limited 54. A. Therefore B. Besides C. However D. Anyway 55. A. shift B. knowledge C. rise D. success 41-55 CBBDA BDCBD ABDCA 上海市宝山区 2021 届高三下学期调研考试英语二模试卷 II. Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Fear is a natural and valuable emotion. It has great survival value for human beings, 41 us to fight for survival or run away quickly from a threat. But too much fear in the form of chronic （慢性的）anxiety is incredibly 42 and weakening. Anxiety is prolonged fear that persists in the 43 of a real threat: after a threat is over, during situations that aren't actually very dangerous, or before a/an 44 threat in the future. When anxiety becomes chronic and 45 your life, it transforms into an anxiety disorder. Research consistently shows that cognitive（认知的）behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most 46 anxiety treatment. It works better than drugs, psychoanalysis, and all the other ways we have tried to treat 47 over the years. Broadly speaking, two CBT approaches for treating anxiety have 48 : coping and exposure. Coping is changing how you think, evaluating threats more accurately, and building confidence in your ability to 49 a threat so that you are gradually less afraid. Exposureis 50 experiencing what you are afraid of, proving your terrible predictions of disasterto be false, until your fear naturally dies down. The most recent data show that both approaches help, but exposure can work faster and 51 larger, longer-lasting reductions in anxiety. If you suffer from anxiety, you can apply the latest and most effective procedure for exposure, called restrictive learning. It was 52 by a team of therapists and researchers who published their results in 2014. This special exposure 53 will help you overcome anxiety as rapidly and completely as possible. The most effective coping54 used in CBT and related therapies include coping planning, cognitive flexibility, and distress tolerance. They are research-tested, 55 effective techniques that will improve and strengthen your anxiety recoveryprogram. 41. A. persuading B. remembering C. expecting D. preparing 42. A. jealous B. painful C. innocent D. conscious 43. A. abstract B. existence C. absence D. continuation 44. A. potential B. essential C. available D. sustainable 45. A. instructs B. challenges C. stimulates D. dominates 46. A. effective B. objective C. invisible D. significant 47. A. pressure B. ignorance C. anxiety D. depression 48. A. described B. emerged C. protected D. supervised 49. A. overlook B. simplify C. remark D. handle 50. A. purposefully B. vigorously C. sincerely D. passionately 51. A. breaks through B. turns down C. results in D. works out 52. A. composed B. developed C. predicted D. symbolized 53. A. commitment B. evidence C. assessment D. process 54. A. strategies B. behaviors C. responses D. examples 55. A. naturally B. probably C. highly D. initially 41-45 DBCAD 46-50 ACBDA 51-55 CBDAC