2021届高考英语题型解读： 语法填空

1 题型解读 高考语法填空题分为两类，一类无提示词，另一类有提示词，要求写出符合语境的正确形式。 无提示类:一般考查虚词：冠词、介词、连词及代词 提示词类:主要考查时态、被动语态、非谓语以及词的派生。 考情分析 解题思路 第一步：要知道填什么 有提示词时，空格处一般填所给词的变化形式，如名词变复数；动词变成谓语、非谓语；形容词变成 副词、比较级等。无提示语时，空格处一般填冠词、介词、连词或代词。 特别提醒：知识点不重复考查。 第二步：要知道如何填 空格处最终填什么形式，可以用以下方式进行确认。 ◆ 无提示词（冠、介、连、代): 1. 名词前面填______ 2. 冠词前面填______、名词前面填介词（短语中） 3. 句子前面填______（横线之后只要有__________即可视为句子） 4. 句子缺少主语、宾语，填__________ ◆ 给提示词： 1. 填名词：_______后填名词；_______后填名词；_______后填名词 2. 填副词：_____前后填副词；_________填副词；_____之前填副词；_____之间填副词 3. 填形容词：_______名词前面形容词；_______表语要用形容词 4. 填代词：_____之前填形容词物主代词；_____之后填宾语或反身代词 2 Part I 有提示词 给词类题目占 7 题。要求根据语境写出所给单词的适当形式。没有限定词数，但一般很少超过 3 个单 词。提示的单词通常是三个动词，其它为名词、形容词或代词。 1、空格处什么情况下填名词？ ● 限定词后填名词 ● 限定词后填名词 ● 动介之后填名词 1) The environmentalists said wild goat’s ____________(appear) on the vast grasslands was good indication of a better environment. 2) Of the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _________ (choose) for a wedding 3) While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69__________ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. （2014 全国 I） 4) Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, 3 pandas are its top 61____________ (attract). （2016 全国 I） 2、空格处什么情况下填形容词？ ● 名词前填形容词 ● 表语需用形容词 ● 六词后填形容词作宾补 1) We considered his suggestion quite _____________ (reason). 2) It is _______ (good) to spend money on preventing illnesses by promoting healthy living rather than spending it trying to make people _______ (good) after they are ill. 3) Frank put the mediocre in the top drawer to make sure it would not be___________(access) to the kids. 4) Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has a _________ (high) IQ (智商). (02 全国). 5) In this lecture, I can only give you a purely __________ (person) view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.(10 湖北) 3、空格处什么情况下填副词？ ● 动词前后填副词 ● 句首状语填副词 ● 系表之间填副词 ● 形副之前填副词 1) __________ (thank), I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.(11 安徽) 2) Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said ________ (sharp), “Don’t be so mean,” pointing a finger of warning at her. (14 湖北) 3) The girl used to be shy, but is _________ (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to 4 express herself.(15 湖北) 4) Volunteering is becoming ___________ (increase) popular in China. People are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.(10 福建) 4、给代词填空 ● 名词之前给代词 ● 动/介之后给代词 1) Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70_____ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.. (2020 全国 I 卷) 2) Those who smoke heavily should remind __________ (them) of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people. (2013 上海) 3）Bob can ask anyone for help. Everone here is willing to lend ____ (he) a hand.(2014 安徽) 5、给动词填空 一般考查以下三点： ● 谓语（时态、被动语态、主谓一致） ● 非谓语 （to do, doing, done) ● 动词变成名词或形容词 (1) 空格处填谓语或非谓语，如何判断？ 方法：“瞻前顾后找谓语” 以句子中的标点(逗号、句号、封号)及连词为界限，确认空格所在句子部分中是否有谓语标志，如 did/do/does, was/is, have/has/had, will/should, v-s 等，如果有，不缺谓语，要填____________; 如果没有，则 缺少谓语，要填___________________________。 【说明】空格在标点/连词之前，只需要看标点前的句子部分中有无谓语标志。空格在标点/连词之后，则只 需要看标点/连词之后部分中有无谓语标志。如果连词是并列连词(and/or/but)，要填写与连词前后的动词相 一致的形式。 （2020 山东.语法填空） ...... The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane 38________ (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759. The parts of a museum open to the public 40_________ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a 5 museum's collection 41____ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research. (2) 时态考查 “三原则” ● 被动优先原则 谓语填空时，首先要考虑是否考查被动语态。 So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 62___________ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.（16 全国 I） ● 状语依据原则 句子中有标志性的时间状语时，可以根据该状语得出答案。 1) 有 ago, yesterday, just now, last week...，the day before yesterday, the other day, at one time, sooner, etc 时，必 填____________时。 2) 有 so far, since, in the last few...days, before (文本为一般现在时), etc 时，填____________时。 3) 有 by 1989/last week, by the time + S +v-ed，before(文本为一般过去时)，必填___________时。 4) 有 in the future,next week...,in 3 days 等时，常填__________时。 (上海) Every few years, the coal worker ______ (have) his lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. (湖南)This coastal area __________ (name) a national wildlife reserve last year. ● 时态一致原则 （语境一致） 1）句子中无标志性状语，则填写与空格前后句子一致的时态。 2）如果是并列谓语，并列连词前后的谓语时态要一致。 (16 全国 III) Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 69______ (be) too violent for use at the table. (3) 非谓语填空 确定空白处考查非谓语动词时，可用“找关系”的方法解题。 非谓语动词通常在句中有自己的逻辑主语，其逻辑主语通常是： ● 句子的主语（非谓语作状语） ● 句子的宾语（非谓语作定语和宾补） ● 整个句子所述之事（非谓语作结果状语） 解题时只需找出所给动词与逻辑主语的关系即可。逻辑主语与所给动词为主谓关系，填_____________； 为被动关系则填_________。 1) She looked at me in the eyes, _________ (say) “We are family!” 2) He raised his voice to make himself ______(hear) clearly. 3) Listen! The song __________ (sing) is very popular with the students. 4) (17 天津) The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ (allow) more patients to be treated. (4) 动词转换成名词/形容词 语法填空中，给动词考查其名词或形容词形式，也是常考点。 【特别提示】动词变名词时，如空格前有复数意义的形容词修饰，要用变成复数形式。如没有，则要 “单 数优先”。 But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61__________ (attract). （2016 全国 I） Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 62____________ (achieve). 【技能应用】 1) A new ________ (regularly) bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago. 2) When we plan our vacation, mother often offers ________ (practise) advice. 3) The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted ______ (good) if it had been put in the fridge for a little while. 4) She devoted herself _______(entire) to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field. 5) Would it be ___________ (convenience) for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport? 6 6) The number of people present at the concert was _______ (small) than expected. There were many tickets left. 7) It seems that living green is ___________ (surprise) easy and affordable. A small step masks a big difference. 8) In the good care of the nurses, the boy is _________ (gradual) recovering from his heart operation. 9) There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we _________ (eventual) gave up. 10) Mr. Smith used to smoke ______ (heavy) but he has given it up. 11) The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has ________ (branch) all over the country. 12) The melon the Smiths served at dinner _________________ (taste) much better if it had been put in the fridge for a little while. 13) As you can see, the number of cars on our roads _______ (keep) rising these days. 14) By the time Jack returned home from England, his on _______________ (graduate) from college. 15) More highways have been built in China, _________ (make) it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. 16) ________ (find) more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789. 17) _____________ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. 无提示类题一般占三题，每空只能填写 1 个单词。无提示类题通常考查冠词、介词、连词或代词。有时也 会考查助动词或情态动词。 【思路点拨】 做这类题，要看清横线后面是一个名词/代词，还是一个句子。 1）横线后为名词/代词，填_____________ 2）横线后（有谓语动词）为句子，填____________ 3) 横线在谓语动词之前或之后(句子缺少主语或宾语)，填____________。 一. 横线后为句子填连词 口诀：句子前面填连词 横线后面是一个句子时，考查定语从句、状语从句或名词性从句的_____词。有时考查引导并列句的 _________。 【特别说明】横线后只要有谓语动词，就可以看作是一个句子 1. 缺少主语的从句前填连词 【难点】 S+V+O________+V+O 结构是考并列谓语还是定语从句？ ◆ S + V + O ________ + V + O，如果横线前的(名词/代词是横线后动词的逻辑主语，考__________。 ◆ S + V + O ________ + V + O ，如果句子的主语就是横线后动词的主语，考__________。 【特别提示】此时横线前后两个动词的时态必须一致！横线后动词的数必须与句子主语一致！ 1) Jim had to dropped his computer games for the coming examinations, ______ took him much time. 2) The shopkeeper wouldn't sell _____ was short in number. 3) The students benefiting most from college are those __________ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life. 4) In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment ______ is created for them. 2. 缺少宾语的从句前填连词 7 1. Do you still remember the chicken farm __________ we visited three months ago? 2. We'll reach the sales targets in a month ___________ we set at the beginning of the year. 1. I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ______ my classmates recommended to me. 2. 横线后句子不缺主语/宾语 【特别说明】 这组句型中，要判断考什么并无规律可循，需要根据句子的大意来决定，难度很大。 1. ______________ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. 2. Nancy enjoyed herself so much ________ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. 3. Life is a long journey ______ you can enjoy happiness as well as sorrow. 4) Find ways to praise your children often, _________ you'll find they will open their hearts to you. 5) They wanted to charge $ 5,000 for the car, ______ we managed to bring the price down. 6) Between the two generations, it is often not their age ______ their education that causes misunderstanding. 二. 横线后为名词/代词 1. 名词前面填冠词 1) The plum trees are _____ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life. 2) This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with ______ rise of science，changes began. 3) ______ prize for the winner of the competition is _____ two-week holiday in Paris. 2. 限定词前填介词；代词前面填介词；名词前面填介词 语法填空中的介词考查，主要考查固定短语中的介词搭配。 ◆ 介词与后面的名词构成固定搭配 ◆ 介词与前面的动词构成固定搭配 1) For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake ______ the shape of a monkey. 2) Bamboo plants are associated _____ health, abundance and a happy home. 3) Museums must compete ____ people's spare time and money with other amusements. 4) But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer _____ this question is not clear. 3. 对等成分并列连 8 1) Bob got up late that morning, dressing himself in a hurry _______ dashing to his office. 1) Start out right away, ____ you’ll miss the first train. 三. 句子缺主/宾语，填代词 1) Mary was glad to find that ________ was the first to finish the task. 2) ______ is vital for us to learn English well. 3) Few pleasures can equal _________ of a cold drink in hot weather. 4) Doris prefer a house with a garden in the countryside to ________ in the city. 【巩固与提升】 A In the past few years, quite a number of men and women 1____________ (choose) to do something less competitive. They are afraid that the stress of work robs them of joy and happiness and bring them harm both physically and mentally. In fact, 2________, stress isn't such a bad thing. Above all, 3_______ it gets out of control, a certain amount of stress is important as it provides motivation and challenge, and purpose to 4__________ otherwise meaningless, idle life. In addition, people 5________ stress tend to express their full range of potential and to realize their own personal worth—the very aim of a human life. Last but not least, research has showed that, 6_________ (actual), modest amounts of stress can 7__________ (strong) the immune system and be good for health. Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way 8____________ (escape). Developing our adaptive 9_______ (able) to deal with stress can prevent us from 10____________ (defeat) by the competitive society. B A 3-year-old boy who was lost in the woods for two days is now safe at home with his family. But Casey Hathaway told 1_____ （ he) rescuers that he was not alone in the wet, freezing cold woods. He said he was with 2______ friend-a bear. The child went missing on January 22 while 3______ （ play) with friends at his grandmother's house in the southern state of North Carolina. When the other children returned to the house and Casey did not, the family searched the area for almost an hour 4______ calling the police. Police formed a search and rescue team 5______（look) for the young boy in the nearby woods. 6______ two days went by and still-no Casey. Then on January 24, someone called the police saying they heard a child crying in the woods. Police followed up on the information and searched that particular area, 7_____ they found Casey at about 9: 30 that night. They pulled him out of some bushes. He was in good health. Casey told the rescuers that he 8______（hang)out with a black bear for two days, a bear he called his "friend. "Sheriff Chip Hughes spoke with reporters from several news 9______（agency). He said Casey did not say how he was able to survive in the woods for three days in the cold, 10______（rain) weather.