时政新闻+summary 专题+翻译
学习目标：1.掌握热点词汇 2. 掌握 summary 写作方法与技巧；
引入：
S 开头
1. Before we get ill, our bodies can tell us through special ____, which a lot of people just
ignore.
A. notices B. marks C. expressions D. signs
2. At this point, it suddenly ___ me that I was wasting my time, and my life has been changed
ever since.
A. realized B. reminded C. struck D. amazed
3. The government's proposal is welcome, but it only ____ the surface of the problem.
A. touches B. possesses C. influences D. scratches
4. If you are going to do some house cleaning or cooking, wearing sleeves is a(n) _____ idea.
A. available B. sensible C. original D. sensitive
5. This is neither the time nor the place to play. Let's ___ and attend to the business in hand.
A. come up B. turn off C. settle down D. cut in
6. The doctor advised the patient to give up smoking ____ his own health.
A. in terms of B. as a result of C. in regard to D. for the sake of
7. ____ her good salary, Mary measured out every dollar needed for her household expenses.
A. In case of B. In place of C. In spite of D. In favor of
8. _____, the excited crowds in the square suddenly became so quiet. It's still puzzling.
A. Personally B. Naturally C. Somehow D. Anyway
9. --I came all the way to inform you of the time and place of the meeting.
--You could have ____ yourself the trouble by calling me.
A. shared B. spared C. cost D. removed
10. Workers have been on strike for a week. It is said that the boss of the factory will meet
the workers in order to reach a(n) ______.
A. settlement B. achievement C. argument D. statement
1-5 DCDDC 6-10 DCCBA
T 开头
1.— Why did you quit your job?
— It was good _______ its working conditions, but the salary was too low.
A. on behalf of B. in honor of C. in favor of D. in terms of
2. China now aims to boost domestic demand, and this ____ would help the global economy.
A. in short B. on duty C. on average D. in turn
3. The success of a government should measured _____ the happiness of the people as well
as the development of economy.
A. in face of B. in place of C. in terms of D. in honor of
4. Our teacher told us that beauty is a universal ________ in folktales from around the world.
A. issue B. theme C. subject D. account
5 . The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will .
A. in particular B. in turn C. in charge D. in time
6 . Briggs will _______ as general manager when Mitchell retires.
A. get away B. take over C. set off D. run out
7 . Mary worked here as a ____ secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the
company.
A. pessimistic B. temporary C. previous D. cautious
8 . While she was in Paris, she developed a for fine art.
A. way B. relation C. taste D. habit
9 . With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a __ for the
better.
A. share B. chance C. turn D. lead
10 ——You look upset. What’s the matter？
—— I had my proposal _______ again.
A．turned over B．turned on C．turned off D．turned down
1-5 DDCBD 6-10 BBCCD
U 开头
1 Two middle—aged passengers fell into the sea. _____, neither of them could swim.
A. In fact B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Naturally
2 It is no arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.
A. use B. help C. time D. way
3. Politeness is a(n) ______ phenomenon among all the social groups, but it is marked by
different cultures.
A. steady B. complete C. universal D. original
4. It is ____ acknowledged that when one has gained material wealth he’ll surely seek for
spiritual enjoyment.
A. partly B. universally C. particularly D. previously
5 Every child is ________, with their own needs, preferences and talents.
A. contradictory B. similar C. original D. unique
1-5 CACBD
英国首相抗疫演讲
Good morning and thank you for coming along, and I am very glad to be joined this morning by
the government's Chief Medical Officer and Chief Scientific Advisor. Today we have published
the Coronavirus Action Plan setting out how all four parts of the UK will take all necessary and
reasonable steps to prepare for and to tackle this outbreak.
早上好，谢谢你的到来，我很高兴今天早上有政府的首席医疗官和首席科学顾问加入。今天，
我们公布了新冠肺炎行动计划，规定了英国所有四个地区将如何采取一切必要和合理的步骤
来准备和应对这次疫情。
The plan has four strands. Containing the virus, delaying its spread, researching its origins and
cure, and finally mitigating the impact should the virus become more widespread. That is, contain,
delay, research, mitigate. And let me be absolutely clear that for the overwhelming majority of
people who contract the virus, this will be a mild disease from which they will speedily and fully
recover as we've already seen. But I fully understand public concern, your concern, about the
global spread of this virus.
这个计划有四条线索。遏制病毒，延缓其传播，研究其起源和治疗，并最终减轻病毒变得更
广泛的影响。也就是说，遏制、拖延、研究、缓解。我要明确指出的是，对于绝大多数感染
病毒的人来说，这将是一种温和的疾病，正如我们已经看到的那样，他们将迅速完全康复。
但我完全理解公众对这种病毒在全球传播的担忧。
And it is highly likely that we will see a growing number of UK cases. And that's why keeping the
country safe is the government's overriding priority. And our plan means we're committed to doing
everything possible based on the advice of our world leading scientific experts to prepare for all
eventualities. Let's not forget – we already have a fantastic NHS, fantastic testing systems and
fantastic surveillance of the spread of disease.
我们很可能会看到越来越多的英国病例。这就是为什么保持国家安全是政府的首要任务。我
们的计划意味着，我们将尽一切可能，根据我们世界领先的科学专家的建议，为所有可能发
生的事情做好准备。别忘了，我们已经有了一个很棒的国家医疗服务系统，很棒的检测系统
和很棒的疾病传播监控系统。
We will make sure the NHS gets all the support it needs to continue their brilliant response to the
virus so far. The plan does not set out what the government will do, it sets out the steps we could
take at the right time along the basis of the scientific advice. Our country remains extremely well
prepared, as it has been since the outbreak began in someplace several months ago.
我们将确保国家医疗服务系统得到所需的一切支持，以继续他们对病毒的辉煌反应迄今为止。
该计划没有规定政府将做什么，而是规定了我们可以在正确的时间，在科学建议的基础上采
取的步骤。我国的准备工作仍然非常充分，正如几个月前某地爆发疫情以来的情况一样。
Finally, crucially, we must not forget what we can all do to fight this virus, which is to wash our
hands, you knew I was going to say this, but wash our hands with soap and water. And forgive me
for repeating this but there will be people who will be tuning into this for the first time: wash your
hands with soap and hot water for the length of time it takes to sing Happy Birthday twice. It's
simple advice but it's the single most important thing we can do, as I think our experts would
attest.
最后，至关重要的是，我们不能忘记我们都能做些什么来对抗这种病毒，那就是洗手，你知
道我会这么说的，但要用肥皂和水洗手。请原谅我重复这句话，但会有人第一次听到：用肥
皂和热水洗手，用多长时间唱两遍生日快乐歌。这是一个简单的建议，但这是我们能做的最
重要的事情，我想我们的专家会证明这一点。
But at this stage, and with the exception of all of the points I have just mentioned, I want to
stress that for the vast majority of the people of this country, we should be going about our
business as usual.
但在现阶段，除了我刚才提到的所有问题外，我想强调的是，对于这个国家的绝大多数人民
来说，我们应该像往常一样工作。
Summary 考纲要求
记叙文：分析语篇的基本结构和主要信息，把握记叙文的主旨大意和段落大意；就日常生活
中的话题和需要，灵活运用记叙文完成口头或书面的表达
为了介绍一件事情，一个人等，需要找到
主要信息：人、地、时、事等
掌握写作特点和框架：What/who/when/where/why/how
说明文：掌握举例、分类、比较等各种说明方法；在口头或书面表达中运用恰当的说明方法
进行介绍或描述
为了解释一个理论或一项实验等；需要找到
主要信息：理论-创新之处 和实际用途；实验-目的、过程、对象
掌 握 写 作 特 点 和 框 架 ： Phenomenon/problem + reason + solution (cause and effect),
introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it
new or significant)
议论文：掌握语篇的论点及相关论据；推断论点或论据中关键词句的隐含意思；在口头或书
面表达中提出论点，运用恰当的论据支撑论点
为了让读者接受其观点，需要找到主要信息：观点的内容以及如何论证
掌握写作特点和框架：opinion/idea + argument（supporting ideas/reasons）
解题技巧：
1 长句压缩
• His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.
• He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.
Keys: He was very brave in battle.
• He was in financial difficulties.
2 词组称王
Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by
only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these
mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who
never thought of visiting them ten years ago.
Keys: Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today
accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better
transportation services.
3 概括优先
She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek
and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.
Keys: She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.
4 最短连词
可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of
these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果
5 由一变三
Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use too much salt on your food, Paul — it’s not
good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned: “Why on earth not! If you didn’t
have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine
bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She
didn’t want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly: “But too
much salt is bad for you. It cause high blood pressure and later on, heart-attacks. It also
disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which
we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”
Keys: Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much
salt would do harm to Paul’s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food. But
Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless.
写作原则：
1 内容必须忠于原文，不能有任何个人观点
2 内容须涵盖文中所有主要信息，非主要信息不能写入文中
3 不能照抄原文句子，即需要用自己的话转述原文内容（核心概念除外）
4 句与句之间需注意衔接
一
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the
passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Nowadays, a lot of museums open to the public for free, and a lot of people are
attracted to go there. However, it also brought some unexpected problems.
At present, people can get knowledge from many ways like libraries, internet, and other
sources. However, there is also much information that people cannot get from the above
ways. Free admission museums supply more chances for the public to get knowledge that
cannot be easily accessed. People can learn more things about history, art, science and so
on.
Although, this kind of policy brought much convenience to the public, it also caused
some problems. For example, beggars and shabby-dressed people may enter the museums
and cause bad reputation among the public; along with the increasing number of people
getting into museums, there will be no enough service establishments to meet the
requirements; besides, under the policy of free admission, the cultural relics displayed there
may be inevitably broken or damaged by the crowds. Moreover, the crowds in the museums
may also cause security problems.
Free admission is a good policy for the public, and it brings the public much
convenience. But, we should also take possible measures to protect the cultural relics and
maintain the order of spot.
参考答案：
Free admission to the museums has both advantages and disadvantages. On one hand,
people can obtain information unavoidable from other sources and knowledge on specific
fields. On the other hand, some problems may arise, such as lack of service establishments,
broken or damaged exhibits and security issues. Therefore, measures should be taken to
avoid the problems above. (57 words)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the
passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Are you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon? Many people feel this
way after lunch. They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in
summer, they may think it is the heat. However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At
that time – about eight hours after you wake up – your body temperature goes down. This is
what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. Scientists have tested sleep habits in
experiments where there was no night or day. The people in these experiments almost
always followed a similar sleeping pattern. They slept for one long period and then for one
short period about eight hours later.
In many parts of the world, people take naps in the middle of the day. This is especially
true in warmer climates, where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon.
Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate. A daily nap gives
one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general. In countries
where naps are traditional, people often suffer less from problem such as heart disease.
Many working people, unfortunately, have no time to take naps. Though doctors may
advise taking naps, employers do not allow it! If you do have the chance, however, here are a
few tips about making the most of your nap. Remember that the best time to take a nap is
about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel
more tired and sleepy afterward. This can also happen if you sleep for too long. If you do not
have enough time, try a short nap – even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful.
参考答案：
The reason why many people feel sleepy after lunch is that their body temperature
drops. Taking naps is not only effective way to deal with sleepiness in warmer climates, but it
is also beneficial to health in any climate. So try to take a short nap and had better do it
about eight hours after getting up. (57 words)
课堂训练：
NOT long ago, I was at a state conference with a group preparing for a week of
meetings. I walked into the room where a handful of volunteers were busy collating (装订整
理) handouts. I asked if I could help. One of the ladies politely said “Oh, no, thank you” and
offered me a chair to just sit while they worked.
Then, another volunteer came into the room, saw me sitting there doing nothing and
said: “Hey, Larry, come on over here. There’s work to do, and you can help.” He put a
couple of chairs together, placed two stacks of handouts on them and instructed: “OK, the
left sheet goes on top of the right one.”
“Fine. I can handle that,” I said. And just like that, I was now part of the team.
This member of the group saw that my disability did not mean an inability to help.
Later, I thanked him for having included me, and asked what motivated his action. He said:
“Well, I figured with one more set of hands we’d finish more quickly. I was just using
common sense.”
I’m sure that the kind folks who initially turned down my offer of help did not mean
to offend me. It just seemed more appropriate to them to say “No, thank you” than
to stop their work and try and figure out how to include me. And that’s the real issue here.
Too often, people with disabilities are excluded – within their community or within a social
setting – because of their disability and not because of their inability.
It’s important for all of us to feel part of the group and to feel that we belong. It’s
important to our self-esteem. And it is even more important for people with disabilities.
Inclusion means we are accepted, appreciated and valued as a full and equal member of the
group. It sends a message that states: “To us, your abilities are more important than your
disability.”
Summary：
The article is about the author's experience of being treated differently when he tried to
offer help as a disabled volunteer for a state conference. Turned down because of his
disability in the first case, he was later treated equally and included in the working team. The
article shows disabled people do not necessarily lack the abilities to do things.
It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of
thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of
our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the
present by memory.
Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It
includes not only “remembering” things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves
any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat given up
eating grain because has sniffed(嗅到) something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also
involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a base ball bat.
Memory exists not only in humans and animals but in some physical objects and
machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is
interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human
being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000
“words”— ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the
meaning about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount
of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces
and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.
The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human
beings. A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.
Key:
Memorys are vital to our life. The incidents we experienced former will be brought to present
memory. Not only can memories storing things but it can also exist in objects. By
comparison of computers, humans are less able to remember the enormous information.
Hope
Nothing in my life had prepared me for what I had to do. Choosing my words carefully,
and fighting to stay calm, I told my 4-year-old daughter that her grandmother had suffered
a stroke (中风), that she was unconscious, and that the doctors said she would probably
never wake up. As she moved closer to me, Amelia looked at me, eyes bright, and said,
“Maybe Grandma will be okay.” “Maybe she will,” I said, keeping back the tears. But I
knew better. I was flying up to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, from our Florida home in the
morning to say good-bye to my mom.
The rest of that awful week, I joined my brother and father sitting by my mother’s side
in the hospital room. I held her hand and talked to her. I told her that we still needed her. I
told her that it wasn’t time to leave yet. I told her how much I loved her. And I told her that
her little granddaughter, Amelia, believed that she’d get better. The doctors, with all their
years of training and experience, offered no hope for recovery. The damage was simply too
extensive.
A couple of weeks later, an odd thing happened. Mom woke up! And then she
persevered through a long and tough process of restoration to health, during which she had
to learn to walk, read, and write all over again, and eventually returned home to Dad. The
only one who wasn’t shocked was Amelia. The doctors couldn’t explain it. Amelia didn’t
need to. Hope came as naturally to her as breathing.
So why are we so afraid to hope sometimes? Maybe it’s because over the years, life’s
disappointments can turn us to disillusionment (理想破灭). How many times have you heard
someone say: “Hope for the best, expect the worst”? That’s not really hope at all.
Hope is being able to look at our world with all of the joy and wonder of a child.
【答案】
（第一段）Doctors were pessimistic about my mother’s stroke while my little daughter, Amelia,
full of hope. （第二段）I passed on Amelia’s hope when our family gathered to bid farewell to her
in hospital. Incredibly, （第三段）she recovered and came back home after a period of restoration.
Everyone was astonished except Amelia. （第四，五段）Hope does bring people in trouble
amazement. (55 words)
【分析】
本文为记叙文，继续问的概要写作应抓住起因-发展过程-结果为关键要素。
第一段：故事起因是作者的母亲病了，医生告诉作者没有希望了但作者的女儿 Amelia 相信
祖母能痊愈。
第二段：作者和家庭成员都做了母亲会去世的心理准备，医生也再次确认了这个结果。
第三段：母亲的身体健康状况出现了好转，经过恢复最终痊愈回家。
第四段：作者领悟到抱有希望不应该是做好最坏的打算而就是纯粹地应该抱有希望。
第五段：作者用一句话表述了他现在对希望的理解。所以，第一段为起因；第二段为过程；
第三段包含了故事的转折点和结局；第四和五段为感悟和主旨升华。所以第一二段个一个点，
第三段两个点，第四和第五段合并为一点。同时要整个过程中 Amelia 和其他人的对比。
81.你将来做什么样的工作完全取决于你，希望你不会后悔你作出的选择。
It's up to you what kind of job you are going to take. I hope you will pot regret making your
choice.
82.你学了几年英语?你讲起英语来就好像你真是个美国人呢。
How many years have you been learning English? You speak English as if you were a real
American
83.这里不允许抽烟。要抽烟的人请到室外去抽。
Smoking is not allowed here. Those who would like to smoke will have to smoke in the open
air.
84.人人都知道抽烟对健康有害，但为什么这么多人仍不愿意戒烟昵?
Everyone knows that smoking is harmful to our health, but why don't so many people stop
smoking?
85.他被辞退的原因是因为他不能说流利的英语。
The reason why he was fired was that he couldn't speak fluent English..
86.在本世纪，凡是不会使用电脑的人不能做办公室工作。
In this century those who can't use the computer will not be able to work in an office.
87.作出决定前你应该仔细考虑是否接受这个工作。
Before you. make a decision, you'll have to consider carefully whether to accept the job
88.他及时给了我们帮助，没有他的帮助我们是不可能成功的。
He offered us help in time, without which we could not have succeeded.
89.他是我们中间唯一的大学毕业生，自然他懂的东西比我们多得多。
He is the only col1ege graduate among us, and so naturally he knows much more than a any
of us
90.我回到家乡时，发现旧房子都已拆除，这使我大为惊奇。
When I returned to my hometown, I found, to my great surprise, all the old houses had been
pulled down.
课后复习：
1. 写说明文概述的步骤：
1） 确定主题句。确定阅读文章的主题句，一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己组合。
2）寻找关键词。分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键
词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。
3）重构主题句。概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。可以从作者的写作目的
逆推，反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。
4）重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。
口诀：简括为：缩长见短，省却细腻。（括：概括性。见：间接引语。短：短的连词。细
腻：细节和例子）
2. 写说明文概述要注意的事项：
1) 不能摘抄原文句子, 要用自己的语言“重组” 主要内容；
2) 只保留主要观点，不要细节；
3) 不要发表自己的观点；
4) 不要把列举、描绘性语言当成概述性语言；
5) 一般用第三人称转述；
6) 概述不要太宽泛，缺乏针对性，也不要只针对原文某个细节，概述得太狭窄；
7) 注意段中句子的衔接, 切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子；
8) 保证无语法错误;
2019-2020 学年上大附中 高三年级 英语试卷
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages
coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with
the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each
blank.
October 9 is the World Post Day. Once upon a time, if a friend or family member had
to move away, you might not 1________(see) that person for years, or maybe ever again. That
was before email, and before the smart phone. The only way to stay in touch was to do
2_________that now seems rather quaint(少见的): you had to write a letter.
You might say, “But we have email. How different can an email be from a letter?” Yet
email and letter-writing are very different. Writing an email is 3________(easy) thing in the
world. You type a few sentences, press “send” and that’s it. Maybe a couple of minutes
later you get a reply. To write a letter, on the other hand, takes more effort. 4________the
letter is going to place a thousand kilometers away, possibly across the ocean, it might take
weeks to reach the other person.
Making an effort is therefore part of meaning of the letter. The care that you take shows
your respect or love for your correspondent. That means you shouldn’t write on old paper.
A page5________(tear) out for a notebook won’t do, nor should you scrawl(潦草地写) your
letter with a pencil.
Always the better letter6 _________(write) with a good pen in order to produce a physical
object that says to the recipient, “I am glad to speak to you again.”
And this carries over to the writing itself. There’s an old saying,” Words are cheap.” But
this phrase shouldn’t apply7 ________the letter-writer. Each word is weighted; each phrase,
worried over. It’s important to write as well as possible, 8____________the letter you
exchange with the other person are entirely of the relationship you have with them.
On World Post Day, people are encouraged 9___________(continue) to send letters in this
good old-fashioned way. Why not 10___________(give) it a try if you haven’t send a letter
recently, or ever?
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can
only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
The nursing assistant for your next trip to the hospital might be a robot. This is the
implication of research recently published by Dr. Elena De Momi and colleagues in the open
access journal Frontiers in Robotics and AI (Artificial Intelligence).
Dr. De Momi, of the Politecnico di Milano (Italy), led an international team that trained a
robot to imitate natural human actions. De Momi's work indicates that humans and robots
can 1. ______ coordinate their actions during high-stakes events such as surgeries.
Over time this should lead to improvements in safety during surgeries because unlike
their human counterparts robots do not tire and can complete an endless series of 2._____
movements. The goal is not to remove human expertise from the operating room, but to
3.______ it with a robot's particular skills and benefits.
"As a roboticist, I am convinced that robotic (co)workers and collaborators will definitely
A．complement B. concluded C. precise D. initially E. conducting F. captures
G. unfamiliar H. effectively I. validate J. applications K. determined
change the work market, but they won't steal job opportunities. They will just allow us to
decrease workload and achieve better performances in several tasks, from medicine to
industrial 4.________," De Momi explains.
To conduct their experiment De Momi's team photographed a human being 5.______
numerous reaching motions, in a way similar to handing instruments to a surgeon. These
camera 6._________ were input into the neural network of the robotic arm, which is crucial to
controlling movements. Next a human operator guided the robotic arm in imitating the
reaching motions that the human subject had 7.__________ performed. Although there was
not a perfect overlap between the robotic and human actions, they were broadly similar.
Finally, several humans observed as the robotic arm made numerous motions. These
observers 8.__________ whether the actions of the robotic arms were "biologically inspired,"
which would indicate that their neural networks had effectively learned to imitate human
behavior. About 70% of the time this is exactly what the human observers 9.___________.
These results are promising, although further research is necessary to 10.__________ or refine
De Momi's conclusions. If robotic arms can indeed imitate human behavior, it would be
necessary to build conditions in which humans and robots can cooperate effectively in high
stress environments like operating rooms.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked
A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Radio began as a point-to-point communication device. In 1919, Radio Corporation of
American would charge a fee if you sent a message from one radio to another. Either the
senders or the recipients pay the fee. The purpose was basically to undercut the telegraph,
and they made their money ____1_____, not by providing radio as a ____2____ but by selling
hardware.
In about 1922, radio _____3_____ into a broadcast mechanism. For broadcasting, in the
simple sense, there was a ____4____ and it broadcast, and lots of people could hear it. But
broadcasting was seen as a way to drive business to the radio hardware makers. The station
s were ___5_____ by people who made radios or ___6_____, by churches and universities that
wanted to get their ___7____ out but weren’t going to make money.
And there was a lot of stuff which sounds very ___8___ today about how this medium
was going to ____9____. And in the 20s, Radio Broadcast Magazine _____10____ a $500 prize
for the best essay that answered the question: “ Who is going to pay for broadcasting, and
how?” The winner suggested a ____11____ on radio listeners. Now, it sounds a little strange
to us, but that’s actually the British model. The BBC supports itself by a tax on TV and radio
sets.
There was some discussion about ____12____, and Herbert Hoover, the Secretary of
Commerce then, was strongly against this idea. He said it was ___13_____ that we should
allow so great a possibility for service ___14____ by advertising chatter. The Commerce
Department was __15____ radio at the time. After the creation of national radio networks
then the pressure – advertisers wanted to go on with it, people who owned the radio
network wanted to sell ads, and that’s how radio developed as an advertising medium.
1. A. briefly B. naturally C. basically D. eventually
2. A. listener B. service C. broadcaster D. applicant
3. A. developed B. extended C. made D. drove
4. A. magazine B. platform C. stop D. station
5. A. wanted B. made C. sponsored D. sold
6. A. in some cases B. in return C. on the contrary D. on the whole
7. A. way B. message C. profit D. opinion
8. A. critical B. persuasive C. familiar D. great
9. A. communicateB. broadcast C. emerge D. survive
10. A. offered B. won C. missed D. abandoned
11. A. reward B. tax C. fine D. rent
12. A. broadcasting B. advertising C. chattering D. modelling
13. A. essential B. inconvenient C. difficult D. unbelievable
14. A. sent B. created C. drowned D. suggested
15. A. regulating B. producing C. providing D. developing
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of
the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Tired of all the pushing in supermarkets? Fed up with waiting in endless lines to pay for
what you have bought? Angry at wasting time in traffic jams only to find no parking spaces
when you eventually arrive at the store? If this is you, then online shopping is the answer to
your dreams of trouble-free shopping.
Online shopping brings its own challenges. Here are a few things to bear in mind
when browsing ( 浏 览 ) various websites. The claim ( 声 称 ) made by online sites is that
shopping online is a safe and secure way to make purchases. The evidence challenges this. In
any case, you only have to be the victim (受害者) of fraud(欺骗) once to experience all the
problems that come with this form of stealing. Use only sites that have a trusted history and
an excellent reputation(名声).
Another problem is that the appearance of items in reality is often quite different from
what you see on your computer screen. This might not be a problem if you are buying
washing up powder but could be a major disappointment when that beautiful blue dress you
ordered turns up in green. Also, product descriptions are sometimes simply untrue! Perhaps
the wisest plan is to purchase items whose design and color are not essential to customer
satisfaction.
Some even argue that online shopping indirectly contributes to global warming. Yes,
your car can stay parked but how are online goods delivered? Often by some large van
pouring out carbon monoxide and adding to our already desperate traffic problems. You are
also by now becoming increasingly irritated (使烦恼) by the fact that the delivery is late !
KEYS
语法填空
1.have seen 2.something 3.the easiest 4.If 5.torn 6.are written 7.to 8.as 9. to
continue 10.give
十一选十
Keys: HCAJE FDKBI
完型填空
1-5 CBADC 6-10 ABCDA 11-15BBDCA
概要写作 keys:
The passage mainly illustrates the problems and things that deserves your attention
about online shopping. Using a well-established website can help avoid falling into victims.
To ensure the design and quality of what your saw online and what you actually receive, you
may be advised to buy products of which these aspects are not that central.
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