高中英语句型汇总与讲解

高中英语句型汇总与讲解 1. I don't enjoy singing, nor do I like computers. 我不喜欢唱歌，也不喜欢电脑。 Rock music is OK, and so is skiing. 摇滚音乐还可以，滑雪也行。 这两句中 nor 与 so 用于倒装结构。例如：I don't know, nor do I care. 我 不知道，也不关心。so 的常见句型有： (1) so + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 (意为“主语也 ……” ) (2) neither / nor + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语(意为“主语也不……” ) (3) so it is / was with sb / sth 和 so it is / was the same with sb / sth (意为“主 语也……” ) (用在前文有两个或以上的从句，而且分句有不同的谓语或既有肯 定又有否定以及既有系动词义有行为动词的情况) (4) so + 主语 + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 (意为“主讲确实如此”)，表示进一步 肯定。 (5) 主语 + did + so (意为“主语按照吩咐做了”)。 2. Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends. 查克是个生意人，他总是那么忙，几乎没有时间和朋友在一起。 该句中 so...that... 和 such...that... 都能连接结果状讲从句，但要注意 词序不同。例如：Joan is such a lonely girl that all of us like her. = She is so lovely a girl that we all like her. 常见句型： (1) such + a / an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that clause (2) such + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 + that clause (3) such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that clause (4) so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that clause (5) so + 形容词 / 副词 + that clause (6) so + many / few + 复数可数名词 + that clause (7) so + much / little + 不可数名词 + that clause 注意：① 当 little 不表示数量“少”而表示“小”的意思时，仍然 要用 such。 ② 当 so + adj. / adv. 或 such + n. 位于句首时，主句需要倒装。 3. One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes. 一天，查克在飞越太平洋时．他的飞机突然坠毁了。 该句中的“when”表示“正在这时”，相当于 and just 或 and at that time. 这 时不能用 while / as 替换。 常见句型：(1) be about to do sth when... (2) be doing sth when... (3) be on the point of doing sth when... 4. He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire. 他不得不学 会收集淡水．寻找食物，生火什么的。 该句中的“how I to collect...”为动词不定式短语作宾语。例如：We must decide which one to buy. 疑问词 which, what, how, when, where 等与小定 式构成不定式短语。 5. In order to survive, Chuck developed a friendship with an unusual friend — a volleyball he called Wilson. 为了生存下去，查克和一位不寻常的朋友--“排球”建 立了友谊，查克叫他威尔森。 （1） 该句中的"in order to"，意思为“为了，以便”，作目的 状语。在句子 中作同的状语的常见句型有五种结构：to do sth / in order to do sth / so as to do sth / in order that clause / so that clause 注意：(1) so as to do sth 不能位于句首。(2) 如果主句与从句的主语一致时， 四个结构可以相互转换。(3) 在 in order that / so that 引导的从句中，谓 语动词常与 can, could, may, might 等情态动词连用。 （2）该句子中 volleyball 是作同位语。例如：He advised farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones that had the best color. 注意：这种同位语(不是同位语从句)与非限制性定语从句的区别。 6. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed. 长期以来，美国英语保持不变，但英国英语变化了。 （1） 该句中的“while"用作并列连词．表示前后对比，意为 “然而”。“while" 充当连词，还能引导时间状语从句。意为“during the time that…”；引导让步 状语从句，意 为“although…”。 （2）该句中的 "stay" 为系动词。后接表语 (the same)。 除了 stay 外，常 见的系动词还有: become, get, turn, grow, go, come, run, fall, keep, stay, remain。 7. for the first time 第一次 (1) for the first time 第一次，后面不加从句，在句中作状语 They came to Beijing for the first time. (2) the first time 名词短语，在从句中充当连词，后接时间状语从句，不接 that， when 等连词。有同样用法的短语还有：every time; next time; the last time They liked Beijing the first time they went there. (3) It's / This is the first time that + 从句(用现在完成时)这是……的第一次 It's the first time that I have ever been abroad at all. 8. What is it that...? 是什么……? 强调句的用法： (1) 结构：It is / It was (过去时间) + 被强调部分 + that / who (专指人) + 其他部分 (2) 用法：除了谓语动词不能强调，句子的每部分均可强调。 Jim met the student in the street last week. 主语 宾语 地点状语 时间状语 强调主语：It was Jim who / that met the student in the street last week. 强调宾语：It was the student whom / that Jim met in the street last week. 强调地点状语：It was in the street that Jim met the student last week. 强调时间状语：It was last week that Jim met the student in the street. (3) 注意点： 一般疑问句的强调句： Was it Dr Wang who spoke to you just now? 特殊疑问句的强凋句： Who is it that will visit our class? Where is it that he has gone? When was it that she went? not … until … 用于强调句： It was not until then that I realized I was wrong. 9. You shouldn't go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket. 除非你会游泳，而且要一直穿着救生衣，否则就不应该去做漂 流运动。 该句中的 unless 引导状语从句。例如：One can't learn a foreign language well unless he studies hard. unless 引导的条件状语从句，一般可以与 if...not...互换。还要注意 unless 引导的从句经常可以省略。 10. Eco-travel is a way to find out what can be done to help animals and plants as well as people. 生态游可以找到既帮助别人．又帮助动植物的途径。 该句中的 as well as 是连词，连接两个并列成分。例如: He can speak German as well as French. 常见的用法: （1） well 是副词，意思是“好，优秀”，as well as 是形容词 同级比较结构。 （2）as well as 是固定短语，意思是“和”，相当于"not only … but also..."。 （3）as well as 连接两个并列成分作主语时，句子的谓语动词应该与前面那个名 词或代词的人称或数保持一致。 （4）as well as 还可当作复杂介词用，意思是“除了……之外，还有”；相当于 "besides，apart from"。 （5） as well，是副词短语，意思是“也”，相当于“too / also”常位于句尾，与 too 位置相当。 （6）may / might as well do sth 表示“还是……的好”。 11. Before she could move，she heard a loud noise. 她还没有来得及动弹， 就听见很响的声音。 However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. 但还没有回过身 来，洪水便逼近了她。 该两句中的 before 用作连词，后接时间状语从句。before 用作连词，接时间 状语从句时，表示“在……之前”。但在不同的语境中，往往有比较灵活的译法。 例如: He knocked me down before he saw me. 他差一点把我撞倒，才看到我。 12. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep. 洪水想必深达三米，树一棵接一棵地倒了，被洪水冲断了。 该句中的 must have been 表示推测。例如：You look so tired. You must have stayed up last night. 情态动词 may，might，most．can，could 常用来表示推测。may，might，must 多用在肯定句中，can，could 多用在否定句和疑问句中。may，might，must， can，could 后接动词原形表示对现在的推测；may，might，must，can，could 后接 have done。表示对过去的推测。例如： You may be a professor. / She must have met a fairy. 13. ... she heard a loud noise，which grew to a terrible roar. ……她听见了很响的 声音，接着就变成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。 该句中的 which 引导非限制性定语从句。例如：He bought some reference books, which were all about science. 他买了许多的参考资料．都是有关理科的。 which 作为关系代词．既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语 从句。例如：The train which left for Beijing pulled in on time. 前往北 京的火车按时进站了。His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died. 他的狗，现在老了，生病死了。 14. The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low. 他没 能上电影学院是因为他的分数太低了。 该句巾的 why 引导一个定语从句，而 that 引导表语从句。 （1）句中 that 引导的表语从句说明主语 reason 的具体内容，往往被看作是 固定句型：The reason is / was that clause. 当主语是 reason / cause 时， 一般不能用 because 或 why 引导表语从句，以免造成语意重复。当主语是 This / That 时，可以由 because / why 引导表语从句。例如：One reason is that people traveled to America from all European countries. （2） why 在句中是关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰先行词 reason，同时它在 定语从句中作状语，此时 why = for which，但要注意：关系词在定语从句中作 主语或宾语时，要用关系代词 that 或 which。 15. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark. 好多看过这个 片子的人一想起片中鲨鱼食人的场面．就不敢下海游泳了。 该句是一个复杂长句，从 when 到句子末尾是状语从句，在从句中包含一个由 which 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 scenes; 在前面的主句里面。包含一个由 who 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 people。例如：Those who want to go camping next Sunday sign your name here before class is over. 定语从句关系词的选择，要遵循“瞻前顾后”的原则，所谓“瞻前”即看前面的先 行词指人还是指物；“顾后”即后面的定语从句，看关系词在定语从句中作什么成 分。例如：This is the factory where he works. (状语) / This is the factory (that / which) he visited. (宾语) 16. When asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children. 当有人问起他成功的 秘诀时。史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格说起他的成功和幸福主要来自于妻子和孩子。 该句中的 "when" 是时间状语从句的省略形式。在状语从句中，如果从句主语 与主句主语一致或从句主语是 it，而且从句谓语动词是 be 或包含 be 时，常常 将从句主语与 be 省略。例如：Although born in Chicago, the author is famous for his stories about New York. 17. Having good table manners means knowing, for example, how to use knives and forks, when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table. 在餐桌上，懂礼 节意味着你知道如何使用刀叉，何时祝酒以及如何在用餐时举止得体。 该句中 having good manners 为 v-ing 形式作主语。例如：Collecting stamps is one of his hobbies. ▲友情提示：在 v -ing 形式前加形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，构成 v -ing 复合结构，在句中作主语、宾语。 18. It's polite to finish eating everything on your plate, so don't take more food than you need. 餐盘里的东西要吃光才礼貌，所以不要多拿。 该句中的 it 为形式主语，真正的主语为 to finish eating …例如：It's not right to tell lies. 撒谎是不对的。 it 作为形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语。常见的句型有： ① It + be + adj. + to do sth ② It + be + n. + to do sth ③ It + be + PP. to do sth 19. Strong, proud and united, the people of St.Petersburg are the inodenl heroes of Russia. 坚强，骄傲，团结，圣·彼得堡的人们是俄国现代的英雄。 本句中 strong，proud and united 是形容词作状语，说明句子主语的特征 和性质。 Helpless, we watched the house being destroyed by the strong wind. 眼睁睁地看着房子被狂风摧毁，我们无能为力。 The thief hid himself in the corner, afraid of being caught. 小偷躲在角落里，担心被人捉住。 20.do what one can to do sth. do all one can to do sth. do everything one can to do sth. do one's best to do sth. 这几个句型结构都表示一个意思“尽某人最大努力做某事”。do what one can to do sth. 中的 what 引导一个宾语从句；do all one can to do sth. 和 do everything one can to do sth. 中省 略 了 定 语 从 句 的 关 系 代 词 that ， all 和 everything 做先行词。在这几个句型中的不定式表目的，做目的状语。 We should do everything / we can / what we can / our best to learn English well. 我们要竭尽全力把英语学好。 [拓展] make every possible effort / mare the greatest effort to do sth. 尽可能／最大努力来做某事 21. I'd rather watch it than play it. 我愿意观看，不愿参与。 (1) rather...than... 常与 would / had 连用，意思是“宁可；宁愿”，“与其……不 如……；宁愿……而不愿 He is rather wise than honest. 与其说他诚实不如说他聪明。 I would rather stay at home than go for a walk. = I would stay at home rather than go for a walk. 我宁愿呆在家里也不出去散步。 (2) rather than 而不；宁可；情愿 He prefers to chemistry rather than physics. 他喜欢化学而不喜欢物理。 Rather than go by air, I'd take the slowest train. 我宁可坐最慢的火车去也不乘飞机去。 [拓展] would rather 后接动词原形，它常用于以下结构。 Would rather do sth. / not do sth. / do sth. than Would rather 有时接从句，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。一般过去时表示 现在与将来的动作或状态；过去完成时表示过去的动作或状态。 I'd rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning. 我宁愿你明天早上到机场接她。 22. Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games. 每四年，来自世界各地的运动员们都要参加奥运会。 (1 )every 和表示数量的词连用 every 可与表示数量的词连用，表示时间或空间。 I usually go to my uncle's every three days ( =every third day). 我通常每三天(每隔两天)去我叔叔家一次。 They looked up and gave a smile to each other every few minutes. 每隔几分钟他们抬起头相互笑笑。 【注意】every 后可接 few，但不能接 a few，因 every-词包含了 a 之意， 另外 every 后也不能接 some,several, many 等词。 (2) every 后接序数词时，则修饰单数可数名词。 every 可与 other + 单数可数名词连用，表示“每隔......”。 Please write on every other line (third line). 请隔行写。(请隔两行写一行) They planted a tree every other metre along the road. 他们在马路边每隔一米栽一棵树。 23.Wang Mei is one of many Chinese teenagers who live life "on the go" and use cellphones. 跟许多中国青少年一样，王梅使用手机享受着“移动人 生”。 例如：This is one of the exciting matches that I have ever seen. 注意： “one of+名词单数”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“the (only / very) one of + the + 名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用单数。 24. Having a cellphone also makes us feel safer,since we can call for help in case of an emergency. 有了手机，我们会感到更安全，因为遇到紧 急情况，我们可以随时求救。 该句中 in case 引导状语从句。例如： Take an umbrella with you in case it rains. 带上雨伞，以防下雨。 in case 表示“一旦；万一；以防”，后接从句；in case of 后接名词；而 in case 后 接从句，该句在特定的语境中可以省略。例如： Take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 带上雨伞，以防下雨。 26. no matter + 疑问词”引导让步状语从句: The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no matter where we are or what we are doing. 答案似乎是无论我们在何处或正在 干什么，我们都需要与朋友、家人一直保持联系。 该句中的“no matter + 疑问词”引导让步状语从句。例如： No matter how clever you are。you must work hard． 引导让步状语从句的"no matter + 疑问词”常常可以与“疑问词 + ever"互换。课文 中的句子可以换成“Wherever we are or whatever we are doing.”例如： Wherever he went, he received a warm welcome. 无论他走到哪儿，都受到热烈欢 迎。 no matter 的用法汇总： no matter 是连词词组，作“无论，不管”解，常用于引导表示让步的状语从句， 常用于下列句型中： ① No matter what (who, when, how, where 等)... + 句子。(= whatever, whoever, whenever... + 句子) No matter how proud he was, he was afraid to face me. 无沦他多么傲慢，他还是怕面对我。 No matter whether you have time or not, you must go there. 无沦是否有时间，你都得去那儿。 ② 在“no matter + 特殊疑问词”引导的让步状讲从句中，要用一般式表示将来 发生的动作。 No matter how hard he works, he will never catch up with her. 无论他如何努力工作，他从没赶上她。 ③ “No matter + 特殊疑问词”结构引导的从句，可以放在主句之前，也可以放 在主句之后。 Don't open the door, no matter who knocks it. (= No matter who knocks the door, don't open it) 不管是淮敲门，都小要开门。 No matter whose box it it, it will be kept until the owner returns. (= It will be kept until the owner returns, no matter whose box it is.) 无论是谁的箱子，都得保存到物主回来。 2. The cellphone helps her do whatever she wants to do. 手机帮助她做她想要做的事。 (1) whatever 引导名词性从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 Whatever he did was right. 凡是他做的都是正确的。 I'll send whatever is needed. 需要什么我就送什么。 【比较】whatever 和 what 引导名词性从句的区别。 whatever 相当于 anything that，语气很强，侧重泛指。 what 相当于 all that，everything that, the thing(s) that, 侧重特指。 What he said was right. 他说的话是正确的。 (2) whatever 等于 no matter what 引导让步状语从句，意为“不管……”。 Whatever Wilson says, I'll post the letter. = No matter what Wilson says, I'll post the letter. 不管威尔逊说什么，我都要寄 走那封信。 [链接] however = no matter how 无论怎样 whenever = no matter when 无论何时 whoever ① = no matter who 无论准 ② 引导名词性从句，等于 anyone who 27. ...and do everything Q12 tells them to. 惟 Q12 的命令是从。 该句中 to 为动词不定式省略。例如： Her parents hoped she would study chemistry, but she didn't want to. 动词不定式作宾语或宾语补足语，如果是第二次出现，为了避免重复使用．常常 省略动词，保留 to。例如： -- Would you love to see the film with me tonight? -- I'd like to, but I have to do my homework. 28. keep...from... Steve Jones tries to keep animals and plants from becoming endangered. 斯蒂夫·琼斯致力于保护动植物免遭濒危。 keep…from doing sth.“阻止……做某事” Please keep the children from swimming in the sea. 请别让孩子们到海里游泳。 [联想] stop / prevent...from...为 keep...from...的同义词组，但前者的 from 可以 省去，而后者中的 from 却不可省(如若省去 from，则成为 keep sb. doing sth. “使 某人一直做某事”)。 Nothing can prevent her (from) doing so. 什么也不能阻止她这样做。 [注意]在被动语态中。三个短语中的 from 皆不可以省去。 [提醒] 若表示“阻止做某事”，sth. 作动词的宾语，则 from 后应跟动名词的被 动语态，即“阻止某事被做”。 Nothing can stop the plan from being carried out.什么也不能阻止这项计划的 实施。 29. Where do you think the music comes from? 你觉得这种音乐来自何处? (1)此句子是由一个一般疑问句和一个特殊疑问句混合而成，故称为混合疑问 句。常用于这种结构的动词有 think, believe, guess, suggest, suppose, hope, say, imagine 等，此类句型常用来征询对方对某事的看法、判断、意见、认识、猜测 等，或者请求时方重述一遍。 What do you think made Mary so upset? 你认为是什么使玛丽如此不安? Who do you suppose would believe that story? 你认为谁会相信那个故事? How high do you,say this mountain is? 你说这山有多高? [注意]此句型中一类的插入语还可以放在句尾，有时还可以插入句中，用逗号 隔开，在用法上基本相同。 When do you think he will be back from abroad? (= When will he be back from abroad， do you think?) 你认为他什么时候会从国外回来? Which way, do you imagine, he went? 你能想出他走哪条路了吗? (2) 这种混合疑问句以 know, tell, ask, hear 等作谓语动词时，其后带一般疑问 句的结构，以及答语不同，后者可以用 Yes...，No...来回答，而前者则不行，请 看下面的句子： -- Do you know bow much the room costs?你知道这房间花费多少吗? -- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.知道。／不知道。 -- How much do you think the room costs?你认为这房间会花多少钱? -- I think the room costs 300 dollars.我认为会花 300 美元。 30. You want to buy a CD for your friend's birthday but you are not sure what to buy. 你想为朋友的生日买一张 CD，但你拿不准该买什么。 be sure 后可接不定式及从句。如： John is sure to pass the exam. 约翰一定能通过考试。 He is sure that the party will be a success. 他确信这次聚会能获得成功。 [注意] be sure 后接名词、代词、动名词时需用介词 of 或 about。如： You may be sure of his honesty. 你可以确信他是诚实的。 I think he lives at No. 23 West st., but I'm not sure about the number. 我认为他住在西大街 23 号，但对这个号码我不能肯定。 [比较]be sure to do 与 be sure of doing John is sure to pass the exam. 说话人确信约翰能通过考试。 John is sure 0f passing the exam. 约翰本人确信自己能通过考试。 [提示] be not sure 后常用 whether / if, what, when, where 等引起从句，有时 也用 that。如： I'm not sure whether / if he will come to see me. 我拿不准他是否会来看我。 I was not sure what I ought to do. 我拿不准该干什么。 [辨析] sure 与 certain certain 一般可与 sure 换用，但在 It is certain that...中不用 sure。如： It is certain that our team will win the game. 我们队肯定能赢得这场比赛。(不用 sure) 31. You want to find a good song to dance to. 你想找一首好歌来伴舞。 ① to dance to 是不定式作定语，修饰名词 song，并与之形成动宾关系，这时 的不定式应为及物性的，若动词不及物，则应加上适当介词。如： New York is a nice place to visit. 纽约是个游览的好地方。 Could you find me a chair to sit on? 能给我找把椅子坐吗? ② dance to 中的 to 表示“伴随，按照”。如: He likes to sing to the piano. 他喜欢钢琴伴唱。 Please add salt to taste. 请按口味加盐。 The map was drawn to scale. 这地图是按比例绘制的。 32.If only they could find a way to get to the room, behind the wall. 要是他们能找到办法到达墙后面的房间，那就好了。 if only 虽然是从属连词，但它引导的从句却能单独成句，且能表达完整的意思： 要是……该多好 ，一种不能实现或难以实现的愿望。它相当于 wish，但语气更强。 句后用句号或感叹号皆可。 ① 表示已过去了的不能实现的愿望，常含有后悔、惋惜之意。谓语动词应使 用 had done 形式。 If only I had taken his advice! 要是我听从了他的建议就好了! ② 表达现在不可实现的愿望，谓语动词用一般过去时。 If only I could swim! 我要是会游泳该多好! ③ 表达将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词用 would / could + 动词原形或一般过 去时。 If only she would help me! 要是她能帮我就好了。 [注意] if only 除以上用法外，它还相当于 if，引导条件状语从句。 ④ If only he gets the job, it will make a great deal of difference. 要是他能得到这份工作，情况就大不一样了。 [辨析] if only 与 only if if only 多用于虚拟语气；only if 多用于陈述语气， only 修饰 if，表示惟一的条件。 33. He was just about to say something when Peter turned around. 他正要说些什么，这时皮特转过身来。 be about to do sth. 正要做某事，表示该动作马上就要进行，不能与时间状语 连用。 [误] He was about to leave in five minutes. [正] He would leave in five minutes. 他 5 分钟后离开。 when 在此表示“正在这时 / 那时，突然” 34. It looked as if the creature had moved. 塑像好像动了。 as if / though 仿佛，好像(引导表语／方式状语从句，表示与事实相反的情况 时用虚拟语气) (1) 引导表语状语从句 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看来好像要下雨了。(真的要下雨了。) (2) 引导方式状语从句 He talks as if he were / was an expert. 他说话的样子好像是个专家似的。(事实 上他不是专家。) (3) As if / though 引导的从句中若用虚拟语气，其谓语动词分别是： 表示与现在事实相反：did / were (口语中单数也用 was) when a pencil is partly in water, it looks as if it were / was broken. 表示与过去事实相反：had done He is talking as though he had been to Beijing many times. 表示与将来事实相反：could / would do He acts as if he would fly to the moon tomorrow. 35. Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life. 我们的饮 食习惯已经发生了变化，生活方式也是一样。 在此句型中 as 相当于 so，表示前一种情况也同样适合于后一种。从结构上 讲 so 不是代用词，而是在意义上相当于 too 和 also 的副词，但常常出现在肯 定句中。 He is a student, so is she. "I have made up my mind." "So have I." 如果是否定的形式，常用 nor 和 neither. "I don't like opera." "Neither / Nor do I." 在这两种结构中，前后时态保持一致。 [比较] so l do 和 so do I (用于对上文进一步肯定或确认。意为 indeed, certainly) You asked me to leave, and so I did. 你要求我离开，我这样做了。 You asked him to leave, and so did I. 你要他离开，我也要他离开。 -- You have spilled coffee on your dress. 你把咖啡洒在你的衣服上了。 -- Oh dear, so I have. 啊呀，我把咖啡洒在我衣服上了。 You have spilled coffee on the table, and so have I. 你把咖啡洒在桌子上了，我也把咖啡洒在桌子上了。 [注意] so it is/ was with...句型的用法。 如果一句话中既有肯定的意思又有否定的意思，且时态混杂时，我们常用 so it is / was with sb. Mr. Smith came to China five years ago and he is used to living in China now. So it is with his wife. 史密斯先生五年前来到中国，他现在习惯了中国的生活，他妻子也是一样。 36. Only in this way will we be ready for the challenges anti opportunities in life. 只有用这种方法我们才能准备迎接生活中的机遇和挑战。 “Only + 状语 + 谓语 + 主语 + 谓语的另一部分 + 其他”是一个典型的倒装 句形式。其中的状语可以是 副词，介词词组和状语从句。这种倒装句属于部分 倒装，只将情态动词、助动词和系动词放在主语的前面，谓语动词的其他部分放 在主语之后。 Only by studying hard can you improve your study.只有通过努力学习才会提高你 的成绩．． Only when you are 18 can you have the right to vote. 只有你到了 18 岁才有选举 权。 [注意] Only teachers can use this computer. 不是倒装句，在此句中 only 修饰的 是名词。 37. Each time we celebrate a festival, it changes a little. 每一次我 们庆祝一个节日，我们都会改进一一点。 Each time 引导一个时间状语从句。 Each time / Every time / The first time / The last time / The moment / The minute+ 从句+主句。 这是名词词组引时间状语从句的常用句型。 Each time / Every time I meet him, he always carries a book. 我每次见他，他总是随身拿着一小书。 The last time I saw the boy, he was reading by the riverside. 我最后一次看到那个男孩时，他正在河边读书。 The moment / The minute you see him, please tell him the exciting news. 你一见到他，请告诉他这个激动人心的消息。 38. It is not a sad day, but rather a time to celebrate the cycle of life. 它不是一个伤心的口子，而是一个庆祝生命循环的时刻。 not…but 意为“不是……而是”，即否定前者，肯定后者，not 所连接的成分和 but 所连接的成分要对等，即名词对名词，动词对动词，介词短语对介词短语。 You should pay attention not to what they say but to what they do. 你不应该注意他们说什么，而应该注意他们做什么。 当 not...but 连接两个主语时，其谓语动词的数要求与第二个主语保持一致，也 就是就近原则。 Not you but I am to blame. 不是你而是我要受责备。 39. Not all of these are bad for us. 并非所有这一些对我们都不好。 该句子是部分否定形式。 当 all, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及 every + 名词都表示全部肯 定；no one, none, nobody, nothing, not...any，以及 no + 名词都表示全部否定。但 当 not 出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管 not 在它们之前或之 后，都表示部分否定。 Both of them haven't read this story. = Only one of them has read this story. 并非他们俩都看过这个故事。 All bamboo doesn't grow tall. = Not all bamboo grows tall. = Some bamboo grows tall, but some doesn't. 并非所有的竹子都长得高。 [注意] ① any 所修饰的名词或由 any 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语 动词不能用否定形式。也就是说，我们只能说 not...any，但不能说 any…not。 如： Anything can't stop him going there. × Nothing can st()p him going there. √ 任何事都不能阻止他上那儿。 ② 总括性副词，如 everywhere，always，altogether (全然地)，wholly 和 not 连用时，也表示部分否定。例： Such a thing can't be found everywhere. 这种事并非到处可见。 Such a thing can be found nowhere. 这种事什么地方也见不到。 40. There seems to be no other choice. 似乎没有其它的选择。 在 There be 的句型中，可用其他的动词。如： There used to be 曾经有... / happen to be 碰巧有…… There seem / appeared to be 似乎有…… There happened to be a traffic jam, so I was twenty minutes late this morning. 今天早晨碰巧有一起交通堵塞，因而我迟到了 20 分钟。 There seems to be raining, for there is black cloud in the sky． 天似乎要下雨了，因为天上有乌云。 41. 英语句型中的否定前移 在英语中，如果主句的动词是 think, suppose, expect, believe, imagine 之类的动 词，而且主语又是第一人称，宾语从句要表达否定，其否定形式应迁移到主句。 但是，如果构成反意疑问句时，要把否定形式再迁移到从句中去，以从句为准。 I don't think you're right. 我认为你不对。 I don't suppose I shall be back until 9 o'clock. 我想几点以前我回不来。 I don't think your answer is right, is it? 我认为你的回答不对，是不是? 42. 助动词 do 强调谓语动词的用法 在肯定句中，助动词 do 可用来强调谓语动词，带有感情色彩，可译成“真的， 的确”。 You do look nice today. 你今天看起来真漂亮。 We did need help those days. 在那些日子里我们的确需要帮助。 43. be (was / were) to do 此结构表示安排、命令、职责、义务、目的、用途、可能性、命中注定等。 You are to be back by 11 o'clock. 你得在 11 点钟前回来。(命令) I am to inform you that the meeting will be held in Hangzhou. 我谨通知你会议在杭州举行。(职责) A knife is to cut with. 刀是用来切割的。(用途) They were never to meet again. 他们注定以后永远不会见面。(命中注定) If there is to be peace, we must try in every way to prevent war. 要和平，就得想一切办法制止战争。(可能性) 44. 祈使句 + and + 陈述句结构 在这种句子结构中，祈使句表示条件，陈述句表示结果，它相当于 If you..., you will...，另外，祈使句 + or + 陈述句结构表示：If (not)..., you will，有时候，祈使 句中的动词可省略。 Work harder, and you'll find it not difficult to learn.再用功一点，你就会发现它不 难写。 Hurry up, or you will be late. 快一点，否则你会迟到。 More effort, and you can finish it in time. 再加把劲，你会按时完成它。 45.Pierre and I did have a very good time at the ball. 皮埃尔与我确实 在舞会上玩得很开心。 该句中的 did 为助动词，加强谓语动词 have 的语气。在“助动词 do / does / did + 动词原形”结构中，助动词 do / does / did 意思是“确实，的确，一定”。常常用 在肯定句或祈使句中，起加强语气的作用。有人称和时态的变化。例如： Do send me e-mail immediately you arrive at Beijing. 你一到北京，一定要给我 发电子邮件。 He does smoke two packs of cigarettes every day. 他确实每天抽两包烟。 The company earned much more this month than it did last month. 公司本月 赚的钱要比上个月多得多。 46.In the eighteenth century, Benjamin Franklin conducted a number of experiments in which he showed what electricity is. 18 世纪。本杰明·富 兰克林做了一系列的试验，以证明电是什么。 注意：该句子中的 a number of 作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： A number of children play video games online. 很多的孩子在网上玩电子游 戏。 a number of 意思是“许多，数目”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。the number of 意思是“数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： A number of people prefer to sending e-mail each other to writing letters. 许多 人更愿意发电子邮件，而不愿意写信。 The number of milu deer is increasing year by year. 麋鹿的数目在逐年增加。 47.Having realized that I could use a kite to attract Iighting, I decided to do an experiment. 意识到可以用风筝引来闪电之后，我便决定做个实验。 该句中的 having realized 是 v-ing 形式的完成式在句中作状语。v-ing 形式在 句中的主要作用是作状语，having done 表示非谓语动词的动作先于渭语动词的 动作，而且要注意非谓语与句子主语之间存在着主动关系时，用 having done； 非谓语与句子主语之间存在着被动关系时，用 having been done；其否定形式是 在 v-ing 前加 not。 例如： Having finished his homework, the boy decided to play football for a while. 做 完了作业．他决定去踢一会儿球。 Not having cleaned the classroom, they couldn't go home. 还没有打扫完教室， 他们还不能回家。 Having been praised in class, the girl felt very happy.那个姑娘在班上得到表 扬，感到很高兴。 48. It has often been said that life is difficult as it is. 人们经常 说生活本身是很艰难的。 (1)It is said that...是常见句型，意思是“据说；人们说”，类似的结构还有： It is thought that / It is reported that / It is believed that / It is hoped that... 此句型也可变成 sb. is said to do sth. (2) as it is 是固定结构，表示“根据现在情况看；就以现在这个样子”，常用于句 子开头或结尾。 I thought things would get better, but as it is they were getting worse. 我当初以为情况会好起来的，但事实上：却是每况愈下。 49. Talk about the reasons why we admire great women. 淡一谈为什 么我们崇拜伟大女性的原因。 why we admire great women 是同位语从句，用来解释说明 reasons。充当同位 语从句的连接词的不仅仅只有 that。whether, when, where, how, why 都可用来引 导同位语从句。 He can't answer the question how to got the money. I have no idea when he will he back. The suggestion where we should build our new factory should be considered. We must face the fact that we had spent all the money. 同位语从句前的名词在从句中不作任何成分。 50. For women it sometimes seems twice as difficult. 对女人而言， 这种困难要大两倍。 英语中倍数的表达经常用下列例句中的几种办法： (1) 倍数 + (形 / 副) 比较级 + than… This hall is five times bigger than ours. The car runs twice faster than the truck. (2)倍数 + as + (形 / 副) 原级 + as... Asia is four times as large as Europe. The plane flew ten times as high as the kite. (3) 倍数 + the size (length / width / height...) + of This street is four times the length of that one. The hill is twice the height of that hill. 51. I found myself spending a whole day in my tent. 我发现自己在 帐篷里度过一整天了。 find oneself...意思是“发现自己(处于某种状态)；不知不觉地”，后面跟动词的-ing 形式短语、过去分词短语、介词短语作宾语补足语，常见的有这种用法的动词有： see / watch / catch / notice / hear / listen to / feel 等。 I found myself in hospital when I woke up. Then I found myself surrounded by a group of boys. When I came in, I found him &ring his homework. 52. New Zealand is an important agricultural country, with cattle farming on the North Island, while the hilly South Island has more sheep farms.新西兰是一个重要的农业国家，北部养牛，而南部山区养羊居多。 with + 名词 + 现在分词／过去分词／介词短语 /副词／动词不定式／形 容测构成 with 的复合结构，这种结构通常在句子中作定语或状语，作状语时， 表伴随状况或原因。 He likes sleeping with the windows open. He gave his seat to a woman with a baby in her arms. With Tom to help us we're sure to complete the task. He stood there with a group of children surrounding him. With a lot of difficult problems to be settled, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 53.What has become of her. 她的情况怎么样了? 该句中的 become of 常常构成这样的同定句型。例如： What has become of the injured driver? 那位受伤的司机情况怎么样了? “What has / will become of sth / sb?”means“what happened / will happen to sth / sb?” 意思是“某人、某物情况(遭遇)怎么样了?”例如： What will become of her children if their mother dies? 如果他们的妈妈死了，这些孩子们的遭遇将会如何? 54.On the third day I was struggling through stormy weather and during the next week the wind grew stronger and I found myself spending a whole day in my tent. 第三天，我与暴风雨天气拼搏。接下来的星期里，风刮得越 发猛烈了，我只好整天呆在帐篷里。 该句中的 grow 常常作系动词，意思是“逐渐变得”。例如： The music grew faint as the band marched away. 音乐随着乐队走远而渐渐减 弱。 系动词常常分为五类： ① 有:be； ② 感官：feel, smile,taste, look, sound； ③ 变化：become, grow, get, turn,go, fall, come； ④ 好像：appear, look, seem ⑤ 保持：keep, remain, stay, lie 等等，系动词没有被动语态。很少用进行时 态。例如： Please keep still while taking photos. 照相时，请保持安静。 The mixture tasted very terrible. 这种混合物尝起来很可怕。 55.I had fallen into a hole and was hanging on the ropes tied to the sled. 我掉进了雪洞，挂在绑着雪橇的绳索上。 该句中的 tied 作定语。例如： This is the latest book written by the famous professor— Stephen Hawking. 这就是 那位著名的教授--斯带芬·霍金--最新出版的书。 56.Oprah Winfrey is not just a very successful TV personality in the US, she is also a woman who has inspired millions．欧普拉·温弗丽不仅 仅是美国一位成功的电视名人，而且还是位鼓舞了千百万人的女性。 该句中的 not just / only...(but) also... 为并列连词。连接两个简单句。例如： Singers of the country music do not just come from the States also from all over the world. 乡村音乐的歌手不仅仅来自美国，而且来自世界各地。 注意：在并列连词 not just / only...(but)also...连接同等的句子成分，如果连接 两个名词或代词作主语，谓语动词要与后面的名词或代词保持一致。如果连接两 个分句，第一分句需要部分倒装。例如： Not only Mr. Smith but also his children were invited to New Year's Party. 不但是史 密斯先生，而且他的孩子们都受邀请出席了新年晚会。 Shakespeare was not only a writer but also an actor. 莎士比亚不仅是位作家．而且 是演员。 Not only is he fond of doing exercises but also his wife joins him in it. 不仅是他喜欢 运动，而且他的妻子也喜欢与他一起运动。 57.New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold aIl over the world. 新西兰的酒质量很高。畅销全世界。 该句中的 be + of + n. 为一个固定结构。例如： I think listening to English every day is of great help to learners. 我认为每天听 英语，对初学者来说，非常有帮助。 be + of + n. 意思是“具有……”。其中的名词多为抽象名词，如: use，help， importance 等；这时 be+ of + n. =be + adj. (相对应的形容词)。名词也可以为具体 名词．如：age, weight, height, length, width, size。这种结构在句中可以作表语、 定语或宾语补足语。例如： The suggestion he made at the meeting is of great use.(作表语) 他在会上提的 建议很有用。 The young guy of average height is our new chemistry teacher. (作定语)那位中 等身材的年轻人是我们的新化学老师。 We found the dictionary of no use. (作定语)我们发现这本字典根本没用。 58. What do you think causes these changes? 你认为是什么(原因)引起这些变化 的? What effects do you think the changes in eating habits will have on agriculture and nature? 你认为这些饮食变化对农业和自然会起什么作用? 句中 do you think 是插入语，经常位于疑问词(组)后，有时也可放在句尾。 Where do you think our English teacher comes from? 你认为我们的英语老师来自哪里? Who do you think the old lady is? 你认为那老太太是谁? What is it, do you think? 你认为这是什么? 59. To make as much use of the land as possible, two or more crops ale planted each year where possible. 为了充分利用土地，在有条件的地方，每年种植两季 以上的庄稼。 句中 as possible和 where possible 是 as it is possible 和 where it is possible 的 省略形式，在类似结构中 it is / was 常常被省略。as...as possible 是固定的结构， 表示“尽可能……”。 We need to send the letter off as soon as possible. 我们有必要尽可能快地把这封信寄出去。 Hold your breath for as long as possible. 屏住呼吸，时间越长越好。 Fill the words in the blanks where necessary. 在需要的地方填上单词。 60. Not only is food production important but also taking care of the environment. 粮食牛产固然重要，环保也很重要。 (1)当 not only...but (also)... 连接两个并列分句时，前一个分句要用部分倒装， 即部分谓语(助动词、系动词、情态动词)提到主语之前，第二个分句不要倒装。 有时后一个分句与前一个分句的相同部分可以省略。 (2) 当 not only...but (also)...连接两个主语时，其谓语与靠近它的主语保持一致。 Not only did he speak more correctly but he spoke more easily. 他不仅讲话更正确，而且讲得也较不费劲了。 Not only the students but also the teacher is interested in the TV play. 不仪学生们而儿老师也对这部电视剧感兴趣。 61. Much of the wisdom discovered by early Chinese scientists is still useful for farmers and gardeners. 中国古代科学家所发现的大量知识和经验，对于今人的 农民和园艺工仍然有用。 句中 discovered by early Chinese scientists 是过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于 which was discovered by …。 过去分词短语作定语一般具有以下特点： (1)放在修饰侧的后面。 (2)与修饰词构成被动关系。 (3)相当于一个灰示被动的定语从句。 单个的过去 分词作定语一般放在修饰词的前面，在个别情况下放在修饰词之后。 The system used in this school is very successful. 这学校使用的系统很成功。 There is a red car parked outside the house. 房子外边停着一辆红色汽车。 The window broken in the storm has now been repaired. 在暴风雨中打破了的窗户，已经修好了。 62. What comedians have in common with the players in a comedy is their way of playing with words. 滑稽演员与喜剧演员，共间点在于说话玩弄词藻。 句中 what 引导的从句为主语从句。(have)...in common (with) 表示“和……有共 同之处”的意思。 Out of common 则表示“异乎寻常；不平常”的意思。 They have a lot in common. 他们有许多共同之处。 I haven't a thing in common with my father. 我与父亲格格不入。 He had noticed nothing out of common. 他没有发现异乎寻常的事。 63. I remember that the last time we met I did most of the talking, so perhaps I should Iet you do the talking this time. 我记得，上次见面时主要是我讲话，因 此，也许这次应该让你讲话了。 句中 the last time 为连词引导时间状语从句。引导时间状语从句的词组有 as soon as, hardly...when, no sooner...than, the moment, by the time, every time, each time 等。 The moment I saw him, I recognised him. 我一见到他，就认出了他。 He had hardly finished the article when the light went out. 他刚写完论文，灯 就熄了。 No sooner had she arrived than she went away again.她刚到就又走了。 64.It is on this arable land that the farmers produce food for the whole population of China. 就在这些耕地上，农民们生产了供给全中国人口的粮食。 It was from the early 1990s that scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agricultural production without harming the environment. 90 年代初，科学 家开始了新的技术，在不损害环境的基础上增加农业产量。 该两句中的 it 用于强调句型。it 可以用来改变句子的结构，使句子的某些成分受 到强调。强调的基本句型结构为：It is / was + 被强调部分+ that + 句子的剩余成 分。 强调句型可分别强调主语、宾语、地点状语、时间状语等。例如： It was at Christmas that Jack gave Jane a beautiful red rose. 就是在圣诞节。杰克送 给简一朵漂亮的红玫瑰。 注意： ①强调人时，that 可以换成 who。 ②当被强涮部分较复杂时，特别记住不能漏写了 that。 例如： It was not until he came back at midnight that I left. 直到他半夜回来，我才离开。 ③强调句型用于疑问句时，注意语序。例如： When and where was it that Liu Xiang broke the Olympic record? 到底在何时何 地。刘翔打破了奥运会记录呢? 65.What do you think is the most important thing in your job？你认为在你工作当 中最重要的是什么? 该句中宾语从句的引导词 what 位于句首，构成一种特殊句式。在由 do you think / believe / suppose / expect/ imagine 等词引导宾语从旬时，需要把宾语从句的引 导阋位于句首，构成一种特殊的疑问句“疑问词 + do you think / believe / suppose / expect / imagine + 宾语从句剩余成分”。例如： When do you suppose he came back to his motherland? 你认为他什么时候回到祖国的? Which team do you think will We’ll the World Cup?你认为哪一个队将赢得世界杯? 66.Dating back to the Qin Dynasty (221—207BC),the traditional crosstalk shows, or xiangsheng shows,have made people all over China roar with laughter for centuries. 传统的相声表演可以追溯到秦朝(公元前 221—207 年)，已经使中国人笑了千百 年了。 该句中的“dating back to...”在句中作定语，相当于定语从句 which dated back to 或 which dated from。 v-ing 在句中可以作定语。注意它们在句子中与所修饰的名词的逻辑关系。如果 表示主动关系，用 v-ing；表示被动关系，则用 being done。例如： Do you see the girl dancing with your brother? (定语)你看到那个正在与你弟弟跳 舞的姑娘了吗? The building being built now is our lab. (定语)正在修建的大楼是我们的实验室。 67.It's their clothes, makeup and the way they talk that makes people. 逗人笑的 是他们的衣着，装扮和走路的姿势。 该句中的 they talk 作 the way 的定语从句。the way 充当先行词时，一定要注 意“顾后”，即 the way 在定语从句中所作的成分。如果 way 是作宾语或表语， 关系词要用 that 或 which；如果 way 作状语，关系词要用 that，in which 或不填。 例如： This is the only way that you can find. 这是你能找到的惟一的方法。 She is fond of the way the famous Japanese actor smokes. 她喜欢那位日本男影星 抽烟的姿势。 I don't like the way that (in which) he speaks to his mother. 我不喜欢他对他妈妈说 话的方式。 68. When / While / Though / Unless / If + n. / adj. / 现在分词／过去分词…… 状语从句有些成分有时可省略，一般是主语和 be 省略；有时 it 和 be 可以省 略： He made no answer when (he is) spoken to. Though (he was) born in Chicago, the author is most famous for his stories about New York. Come back early if (it is) possible. [注意]用法详见 Chapter 10 语法活用“省略和插入语”。 69. Not only / just…but (also) 连接相同的句子成分 Not only the teacher but all the students are going to visit the Science Museum. (连接主语时根据就近原则) They not only sang but (also) danced for a whole night. Many people go to see this film not just because the film is interesting, but also the leading actors and actresses are all world famous. Not only do we learn for our country, but we'll work for her in the future. (连接句 子时，not only 后的句子要部分倒装) 70.Where there is a river, there is a city. 凡有河流的地方。必有城市。 该句中的 where 引导地点状语从旬，兼有条件状语从句的含义。例如： Where is water, there is life. 可以引导地点状语从句的有 where，wherever，绝对不能用 in which 来替换；使 用时，注意与定语从句中关系副词 where 的区别，引导定语从句的 where 有时 可以用 in which 来替换。 Where there is a river, there is a city. 有河流的地方，就有城市。 在这个句子中，where 引导了一个地点状语从句，意思为“有……的地方，就 有……”。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 Where there is enough sunlight and water, crops grow well. 阳光和水充足的地方，庄稼就长得好。 Go where he tells you to go. 他让你到哪儿，你就到哪儿。 [拓展] where 引导的状语从句与定语从句的区别: where 引导状语从句时，其前面无先行词，where 也不能换成“介词+which”。 where 引导定语从句时，其前面有名词做先行词，where 可以换成“介词 + which"。 Make marks where you have any questions. (状语从句) Make marks at the places where you have any questions. (定语从句) 在你有问题的地方做上标记。 71.Which one would you like to see most? 你最想去看哪一个? 该句中的 would like 表示“想，打算”。 would like 是表示“打算，想”的常用短语，后常接名词．代词，不定式，复合 宾语等。也可以写成 would love；而表示“想要的”feel like 后接 doing sth。 例如： Would you like a glass of beer?来杯啤酒怎么样? He feels like being invited to give all kinds of lectures.他喜欢被人邀请去作各种各样 的讲座。 How would you like sth? 这一句型用来“询问某人对某事物的印象或看法。” 例 如： -- How would you like Guilin? -- Good. It is worth visiting again. 你认为桂林怎么样?不错，值得再去玩一次。而“What be + 主语 + (look) like?”则表示“主语看起来怎么样?”like 是介词．意思是“像”．必须与系 动词连用，才能做谓语，what 为它的宾语。例如： -- What was the earthquake like? 地震像什么? -- It was like being on a boat. 像坐在船上。 72.Most of the sports were the slime as they are now. 许多项目跟现在 一样。该句中 as 为连词，引导状语从句。例如： Do in Rome as the Romans do. 人乡随俗。 as 作为连词，可以引导 5 种从句。 ①时间状语从句。例如： As time went by, it became colder and colder. ② 原因状语从句。例如： As he developed a bad cold, he didn't go to school yesterday. ③方式状语从句。例如： Do as I tell you to. ④让步状语从句。例如： Child as he is, he knows a lot. ⑤比较状语从句。例如： lt is not as hot in Beijing as in Wuhan 73.In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals,ranking third of all the competing countries. 在悉尼奥运会上。中国队共获 28 枚金牌，在所有的参赛国 中，金牌总数名列第三。 该句中的 ranking 为 v-ing 形式作状语。例如： He went away,leaving the door open 他走了，没有关门。 v-ing 在句中作状语，常常表示时间、原因、伴随、方式、结果等。 74. We human beings could not survive without all the plants and animals around us. 如果没有周围这些动物和植物，我们人类就不会生存下来。 句中，cannot…without 足双重否定表示肯定。 You cannot learn Chinese well without making great effort. 只有努力，你才能学好汉语。 One cannot make bricks without straw. 巧妇难为无米之炊。 There will be no rain without wind. 没有风哪有雨。 75. We may be able to take measures before it is too late. 现在采取措施也许为时不晚。 从属连词 before 最基本的含义足“在……之前”，但在具体的句子中，译法多种 多样，如“……才……”、 “……就……”“没等……就”等等。 He measured me before I could get in a word. 没等我插上一句话他就给我量好 了尺寸。 I waited a long time before he came. 我等了很久他才来。 76.It 句型 ① It will be + some time + before… It won’t be long before humans visit the Mars. ② It is + adj./n.+ for sb to do sth. It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much. He said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts. ③ It is + 被强调部分 + that… 1) It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot. 2) Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge. 77.more …than any other 表示最高级 Among the optional courses, spoken English and computer study are more popular than any one else. 78.名词从句 ① It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk. ② My hometown is no longer what it used to be. 79.（非限制性）定语从句 ① The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.→ The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. ② It was quite an experience for us both, which I’ll never forget for the rest of my life. 80.分词结构 ① I don’t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. ② We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people. ③ Hearing this, a few people began to run after him. ④ Born in American, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor. 81.with 结构 ① A terrible accident happened yesterday, with nine people killed and almost eighty injured. ② He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his shoulder, with a large suitcase in his left hand. 82.倒装句 ① The library is to the east of the teaching building. → East of the teaching building is the library. ② Although we are tired, we are happy.→ Tired as we are, we are happy. ③ Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man. ④ May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last till the end of the universe! 83.被动语态 ① Opinions are divided on the question. ② All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students. ③ New factories, houses and roads have been built.