高中英语名词性从句讲解及提升练习（有答案）

高中英语名词性从句讲解及提升练习 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句 和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到， 并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面 1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题 2. 考查引导词 that 与 what 的区别 3. 考查 it 在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 4. 考查 whether 与 if 的区别 5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever 引导的名词性从句与 no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句 的区别 6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 语法要点剖析 一、名词性从句 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于 一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why 1. 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词 that，whether，if 和连接 代词 what，who，which，whatever，whoever 以及连接副词 how，when，where，why 等词引导。that 在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己 的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语 it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而 把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： （1）It + be + 名词 + that 从句 （2）It + be + 形容词 + that 从句 （3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that 从句 （4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词 要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that… It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that… 2. 宾语从句 名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从 句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 1. 由连接词 that 引导的宾语从句 由连接词 that 引导宾语从句时，that 在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文 体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的 that 不可省。例如： He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。 We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。 注意：在 demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command 等表 示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。 例如： I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。 The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。 2. 用 who ， whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。 例如： I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支 持。 3. 用 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语 序。此外，whether 与 if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用 whether，不 用 if： a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从 句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。 例如： Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而 使用 不同时态。 例如： he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时） he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时） I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时） he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时） 当主句动词是过去时态（could, would 除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般 过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象， 则从句仍用现在时态。 例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America． 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose 等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中 的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。 例如： We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。 I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。 3. 表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词 大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用 as if 引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动 词 + that 从句。例如： The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。 需要注意的，当主语是 reason 时，表语从句要用 that 引导而不是 because。例如： The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 提升练习 一、单项选择 1．–Tom, you are late for school again! –I am sorry, but you cannot imagine _________ difficulty I had _________ up this morning. A．which; getting B．which; got C．what; getting D．what; got 2．While some behaviors may seem strange to you, remember you consider normal probably seems just as unusual to others. A．it; that B．what; that C．that; what D．which; that 3．The exciting moment ________ Gerry will always remember is ________ he approaches the Harbor Bridge and the Opera House. A．that; that B．that; when C．when; that D．when; when 4．One reason for her preference for this school is___________, as she put it, it can provide for her future development. A．what B．which C．that D．it 5．After the fire，________________ would otherwise be a cultural center is now reduced to a pile of ashes. A．that B．it C．what D．which 6．_______ many scientists believe is ______the continuous presence of water benefits the earth a lot. A．What, which B．Which, that C．When, that D．What,that 7．Observation, reason and experiment make up ______ we call the scientific method. A．which B．how C．that D．what 8．Jack Ma insisted that there ________ no excellent businessmen if everything went too smoothly and that they ________ as normal in face of hardships. A．were; would carry on B．would be; carry on C．would be; carried on D．should be; carried on 9．_______is known to us all is that Johnson broke his promise ______ he would come to help me as soon as possible. A．It; that B．What; that C．As; which D．What; which 10．The policeman analyses the chief reasons ________ some cyclists and pedestrians will get caught in traffic accidents and ________they should do to prevent them. A．when; that B．why; how C．why; what D．that; where 11．---_________ makes your son feel blue today? ---_________ to watch his favourite cartoon Paw Patrol. A．What it is that; To be forbidden B．What is that; Forbidden C．What is it that; Being forbidden D．That is what; Having forbidden 12．I am impressed with China’s commitment to its climate goals, evidenced by the fact we are sure of ______ China has met its 2020 targets three years ahead of schedule. A．that B．which C．what D．where 13．You probably can’t get much sleep if you live near ___________ a wedding reception ___________. A．the place；is being held B．the place where；has been held C．where；is being held D．which；has been held 14．It is a different world but one ______ offers huge challenges to ambitious young people interested in ______ our Universe works. A．which; what B．which; why C．that; how D．that; that 15．Today we focus on _____ is called recurrent obesity (复发性肥胖) or yo-yo obesity (溜溜球 式肥胖), _____ is the phenomenon _____ we gain weight and then go on a successful diet, but within 12 months we go back to our original weight. A．what; which; in which B．which; which; where C．all; that; that D．whatever; as; which 16．They felt ________ it was high tax and low income ________ contributed to the extreme misery of the working people at the bottom of the ladder. A．/；that B．that; which C．that; what D．/; which 17． _______ medicine works in a human body is a question _______ not everyone can understand fully. A．How; that B．That; which C．That; that D．What; that 18．____ the flight to Beijing will be delayed is ____ I’m especially worried about. A．If; what B．Whether; that C．When; that D．Whether; what 19．Our school is no longer ______________ it was 10 years ago, ______________ it was not well equipped. A．what; which B．that; which C．what; when D．that; where 20．— How do you think I can make up with Johnson? — Set aside ______ you disagree and try to find ______ you have in common. A．what; what B．where; what C．what; which D．where; which 21．Mary was born in 1752 in a rich family in _____ is now the state of Virginia. A．which B．where C．that D．what 22．We all know the truth _____ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things. A．where B．wherever C．that D．that wherever 23．The patient's son asked the doctor the question________his father could survive the big operation. A．whether B．if C．that D．what 24．I really don’t know ___ ___I kept the secret papers. A．where was it B．it was where that C．where it was that D．where was it that 25．The research team are still working hard to figure out ________. A．it was what that caused the disease B．what it was that caused the disease C．what was it that caused the disease D．that it was what caused the disease 26．It was with great courage_______ the boy told the truth________ he had stolen the money. A．which; that B．when; what C．as; that D．that; that 27．The reason ______ he didn’t show up on the Orientation Day is ______ he was ill. A．why; that B．that; because C．why; because D．which; for 28． was beyond their expectation was that finally they reached a place sold cigarettes and other small articles. A．It, where B．What, which C．As, where D．What, where 29．---Be careful! Your clothes will get caught in the machine. ---Thank you. I so close to it. A．didn't know I was. B．thought I was C．had thought I was D．don't know I am 30．Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests. A．anyone B．whomever C．no matter who D．whoever 31．I wonder when it was_______you came to realize ________his words meant. A．that; what B．what; that C．what; what D．that; which 32．The question of _____English will continue changing in the future remains _______. A．if; to be seen B．whether; to see C．whether; to be seen D．if; seen 33．It suddenly occurred to him ________ he had left his keys in the office. A．whether B．where C．which D．that 34．Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday party. Have you got any idea ______ the party is to be held? A．what B．which C．that D．where 35．In the not-too-distant future, across the wasteland of ______, a lone warrior must fight to save the future of humanity. A．what once was America B．which once was America C．what America once was D．where once was America 36．It is ________ he often feels sleepy in class ________ makes his teachers worried about him. A．what; that B．that; what C．that; that D．/; that 37．You should explore your talents so as to find out ____ your real interests lie. A．what B．which C．where D．that 38．The reason for _____ he had the accident was _____ he was too careless when driving. A．that; because B．which; because C．which; that D．that; that 39．_____________ he works is considered the financial center of the city. A．What B．Why C．Where D．How 40．It is reported the housing prices in some big cities fall in different degrees. A．which B．what C．that D．where 41．The man didn’t know ______ the thief broke into the house and stole all his valuable things. A．it was when that B．when it was that C．that it was when 42．_____ you can succeed or not mainly depends _____ how hard you work at it. A．That; on B．What; upon C．Whether; upon D．If; on 43． ______ is surprising to us is that Tom, for ______ English was once boring, can speak English fluently as though he were a native speaker. A．What; whom B．What; whose C．It; whose D．As; whom 44．Now that energy prices are rising so rapidly, further prices are very uncertain, and the risk a new investment depending on them may fail is greater. A．by which B．of C．that D．in that 45．She couldn’t imagine____________. A．how had the blind man found her B．where did the blind man find her C．how the blind man has found her D．how the blind man had found her 46．The question occurred to me ____ the book was worth reading. A．what B．whether C．which D．if 47．Maybe all Americans realize that _______ will be the next president will face masses of problems. A．who B．whoever C．whomever D．no matter who 48．Due to the fact ____there is plenty to see, it would be better if you make a list of____ you want to go in advance. A．that; where B．what; where C．that; which D．which; when 49．Thinking that you know ________ in fact you don't know is a serious mistake. A．what B．that C．when D．however 50．The oil giant has confirmed it is planning to list on the stock exchange, in _______ could be the world's biggest initial public offering. A．that B．which C．what D．how 答案 1．C2．C3．B4．C5．C6．D7．D8．D9．B10．C11．C12．A13．C14．C15．A16．A 17．A18．D19．C20．B21．D22．D23．A24．C25．B26．D27．A28．B29．A30．D 31．A32．33．D34．D35．A36．C37．C38．C39．C40．C41．B42．C43．A44．C45．D 46．B47．B48．A49．A50．C 二、汉译英（整句） 1.对受害者家属来说，最重要的是警方是否有能力尽快找到事故的罪魁祸首。(matter,capable , blame) 2.(你们中)谁先进来谁得奖。 3.你将要来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好的消息。 4.这真奇怪，她竟然没有看出她自己的缺点。(It seems + adj + that...) 5.在毕业典礼上，大屏幕上展示的军训时期的照片使我们回想起进高中时青涩而懵懂的模样。 （remind） 6.令我们高兴的是，这里的食物都按小份供应，光盘行动的标语随处可见。(serve) 7.乔丹说他成功的秘诀在于从失败中学习。（宾语从句，failure） 8.在医学研究中，经常用动物来进行试验，尽管并不能保证实验结果会与在人身上的效果一 致。(guarantee n.) 9.根据要求，现在在公众场所每个人都必须佩戴口罩 (mask)。（It’s requested that...） 10.直到听了这个讲座， 他才真正理解这句话：教育的目标是最大限度地发挥学生的潜能， 而不是一定要把他们都培养成杰出人才。(It, tailor) 11.我突然意识到我们能够帮助父母做点简单的家务，比如把脏衣服分成几堆。（strike) 12.这位校长相信他的学生能发挥他们的潜能。 （confidence） 13.消息传来，我班参加校篮球赛，由于队员的出色球技和完美合作而夺冠。(word) 14.界定你健康的不是称上的数字，而是你乐观的生活方式。(define) 15.我认为我们能够与世界各地的友好人士接触是令人惊讶的！ 16.我希望他能赢得比赛,不辜负他父母的期望。 17.他匆忙赶到那里，却发现已没有开往南美洲的船了。(不定式作结果状语) 18.有人提出不同意见，认为一些用户可能会对 RealCine 失望，因为虚拟现实毕竟不是真的。 19.他有一个梦想，就是希望奥运会能促成所有国家的人民和平相处。 20.（1）不是你所做的而是你做事的方式使得我生气。（用上强调句型，名词性从句, not … but …, 以及定语从句） 答案： 1.What matters most to the family of victims is whether the police are capable of finding out who is to blame for the accident as soon as possible. 2.Whichever(of you)comes in first will receive a prize. 3.That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 4.It seems strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 5.At the graduation ceremony/commencement, the photos (displayed/shown) on the big screen during the military training reminded us of how immature and ignorant we were /our immaturity and ignorance when entering the high school. 6.To our delight, the food here is served in small portions/servings and the signs of “clear/empty your plate(s)” can be seen everywhere. 7.Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures. 8.In medical research, animals are often used for experiments, although there is no guarantee that the results will be consistent with those in humans. 9.It’s requested that everyone (should) wear masks in public \ in public places. 10.It was not until attending the lecture that he fully understood the saying that the goal of school education is not to tailor every student to being outstanding/outstanding talents but to develop their potential as much as possible. 11.It suddenly struck me that we were able to help our parents do some simple housework such as sorting dirty clothes into piles. 12.The headmaster has the confidence that each student can fulfil their potential. 13.Word came that our class participated in the school basketball game and won the championship / champion because of their excellent skills and perfect cooperation./ because they had / showed their excellent skills and perfect cooperation. 14.What defines your health is not the number on the scale but your optimistic lifestyle. 15.I think it’s amazing that we are able to make contact with friendly people all around the world! 16.I hope he will win the competition and live up to his parents expectations. 17.He arrived there in a hurry, only to find that there were no boats for South America. 18.An argument has been put forward that some users will be disappointed by RealCine because VR is not real. 19.He dreamt that the Olympics would make it possible for people of all countries to live side by side in peace. 20.It is not what you did but the way you did it that made me angry. A factory was set up in what used to be a waste land. 三、用单词的适当形式完成句子 1.Lucy couldn't' recall________happened five days ago. 2.I realized that I had been transported into the future of __________ was still my hometown. 3.However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached ___________ looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. 4.While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 5.What students do at college seems to matter much more than _______ they go. 6.As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly____thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 7.Success partially depends on ________ you have the patience to do simple things perfectly． 8.I lost my cell phone yesterday． Can you tell me ________ I can buy one? 9.It never occurred to me ________ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind． 10.________ breaks the law will be punished． 11.She will give ________ needs help a warm support． 12.I have no idea ________ the girl is doing in her room now． 13.________ is well known to everyone, I should say, is that a man becomes learned by asking questions． 14.Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565． 15.It shocked the world ________ the United States withdrew from some major agreements it had been committed to, including the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change and the 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal． 16.I need help now! I have to fix a leaking pipe in my bathroom but I'm not sure ________ to begin． 17.Forty grams of meat per day is ________ people should consume in order to stay fit． 18.The famous player tried again and again after each failure． That's ________ he succeeded at last． 19.I looked out the window of the bus and dreamed about __________ we would do while on our trip. 20.I really don’t know __________ she gets by on such a modest salary. 21.Save your apology for __________ you really make everything a mess. 22.That preserved historic village connected to downtown by a highway is __________ many office workers spend their weekends. 23.It is generally believed that communication skills are becoming __________ it takes to be a good doctor. 24.__________we used to see as something impossible is now becoming a reality. 25.All the mistakes I ever made in my life were __________ I wanted to say “No” and said “Yes”. 26.In the opening four sentences, Du described __________ the cycles of nature happen — the leaves come back to the trees, the flowers bloom, and the grass grows tall. 27.—Could you give me some advice on getting a job? —First, find out __________ you like doing best． 28.My mother knew where we were at all times．She knew ________ our friends were． 29.I had no idea __________ a stage manager actually did． 30.The problem is __________ we can improve our reading skills in such a short time． 31.What is concerning us greatly is ________the workers held up in that area yesterday will be set free． 32.The practical suggestion came from the representatives ________ the new rule be adopted． 33.__________ is the most important to him is not his job, but his family． 34.His success in digital field proved __________ it took to be a best CEO． 35.Built over 2,200 years ago in __________ is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering achievement is still used today． 答案： 1.what2.what3.what4.that5.where6.how7.whether8.where9.that10.Whoever11.whoever12.what13. What14.when15.that16.where17.what18.why19.what20.how21.when22.where23.what 24.What25.when26.how27.what28.who/where29.what30.how/whether31.when/whether32.that33. What34.what35.what