2021全国新高考作文应用文专项讲解与训练(有例文答案)

2021 全国新高考作文应用文专项讲解与训练 第 1 页 共 14 页 2021 新高考书面表达应用文讲解与训练 第一讲怎样保住“基本分” 审题是写好作文的第一步,也是关键的一步,下千言,题万里,作文将会被“打入冷 宫”;无话可说,词数不够,势必会影响得分档次所以,写作文要从如何审题、如何 拟点、如何“凑”够词数抓起! 近几年,全国卷的书面表达基本上都是书信、电子邮件,可归为提纲类作文,但开 放性在增大,例如 2018 年、2019 年全国卷 I 的书面表达完全可以归为半开放类 作文。这样非常容易出现两个极端:一是审题不准,脱离情景和要求,自行立意, 天马行空随意发挥;二是篇幅过短,除了对提示部分的简单表述外,没有适当的细 节内容来充实文章 技法一如何审题 高考书面表达的审题谋篇是取得高分的第一步,不管是提纲类作文、图表、图画 类作文,还是(半)开放作文,都要做到定体裁、定人称、定时态、定要点及定结构, 这是一篇优秀习作的必经之路 1 审体裁,避免格式错误 近几年全国卷书面表达主要为书信和电子邮件,就要求我们要注意其如何开头、 如何结尾, 般格式如下 DearXXX, ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2021 全国新高考作文应用文专项讲解与训练 第 2 页 共 14 页 ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Yours 2.审时间,避免时态错误 与汉语不同,英语中的句子是有“时态和语态”的,而时态与时间密切相关因此动 笔之前,一定要注意结合提示中的或明或暗的“时间”或“场合”,正确判断谓语动 词的时态,这是句子的核心,不可小,通常情况下,如果文章中动词的时态和语态 错误过多,阅卷老师往往会认为考生的写作水平较低,这会影响 到作文的“定档”例如 2017 年全国卷Ⅱ表示将邀请外教一起参观中国剪纸艺术 展,其中,表达参观时间时应用一般将来时;表达展览内容时应用一般现在时 3 审内容，避免要点缺失 遗漏要点是写作大忌。通常，阅卷老师评分时首先要做的就是判断文章的要点 是否全面。一篇文章如果要点不全，即使语言正确、结构合理连贯通顺，也不 可能得高分。例如 2018 年全国卷Ⅱ的要点有三个，(1)短片内容；(2)放映的时 间、地点 3 对短片的意见。但有的同学漏掉了放映的时间或地点，这就是一 个重大失误。 4 审语气，避免直白生硬 书信种类很多，包括求助信、申请信、建议信、咨询信、邀请信、感谢信、致 歉信、慰问信、投诉信、求职信等。不同的书信应用不同的语气。 例如 2016 年全国卷 I 是一封求助信，开头可开门见山，结尾可用一些表示期 待的语句： I’m writing to ask you for help. 2021 全国新高考作文应用文专项讲解与训练 第 3 页 共 14 页 I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and I’d like you to do me a favor. I'd appreciate it....... I would be grateful if you could take the trouble to do so mueh for me. forward to your reply. 技法二如何“凑”够词数 在试题“注意”中有明确规定:1。词数 80 左右；2。可以适当增加细节，以使行 文连贯。这里既规定数，又指定了充实文章的方法，即“适当增加细节 下面介绍几种常见的“增加细节”的方法，可以依据这些方法对写作进行修改 1 追加成分 在要点基础上适当增加合乎逻辑的附加成分，如定语(从句)、状语(从句)、非 谓语动词、独立主格结构等，这样不仅增加了词数，而且使表达更清晰、准确， 主题更突出 典例 1](开设英语电影欣赏课)建议多选择英语电影 As n young student, I suggest that the teacher should choose more English films that appeal to us teenagers, thus making English learning more interesting. [典例 2](演讲注意事项)要面带微笑要讲慢些，讲清楚 Be sure to wear a smile on your face when you speak, which will make you relaxed. Besides, remember to speak slowly and clearly so that you can leave a good impression on the audience and judges. 2。补加语句 根据行文走向，适当增加一些与主题相关的语句，或由要点衍生的句子，既能 起到前引后联的作 2021 全国新高考作文应用文专项讲解与训练 第 4 页 共 14 页 用，又能补充一些相关信息，帮助读者理解所写内容。 [典例 1](提醒考生注意)要按时进入考场 Be sure to enter the examination room on time. Whoever is late won't be allowed to enter. [典例 2](谈论善款用途)募捐得来的钱将送给急需的人。 The money collected in the charity sale will be sent to those in great need. This will not only help them through difficulties, but also give them warmth and happiness 3。添加过渡 根据行文或段落需要，在句与句或段与段之间适当增加过渡词语或过渡句，可 以使文章在浑然一体的同时充实文章。 [典例 1 话题：是否应该禁止广场舞 I don't think square dancing should be forbidden. The reasons are as follows. First of all/To begin with, dancing is a good way to take exercise, which can help people to build themselves up. It also provides a chance for people to communicate with each other. What's more, the square is a good place for people to work out。 4。不忘收尾 书信中“适当的结尾”也是很重要的，它不仅符合书信习惯，而且还可增加词数， 书信常用的结束语如下： I'm looking forward to. /Looking forward to. /Look forward to I'm waiting for your early reply. Best wishes to you. I would be grateful if you./Id appreciate it if you.. 2021 全国新高考作文应用文专项讲解与训练 第 5 页 共 14 页 技法三 句式要“高”,句子要“鲜 (一)利用复合句式提高文章档次 复合句包括定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)考 生仅会用基本的句型不能体现出较强的语言运用能力,即使表达方面无错误,也不能得高分;相反,如 果考生使用了较复杂的结构,即使有些小错误,作文也会处于较高的档次。 ①[2019 全国卷 I 书面表达]'m glad to learn that your gallery will hold Chinese painting exhibition.(宾语从句) ②[2017 全国卷 I 书面表达]There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history Tang Dynasty in advance, which will make the class go smoothly.(同位语从句,定语从句) ③[2017 全国卷Ⅱ书面表达]t''s said that large number of paper-cut works by experts throughout China will be on show.(主语从句) (二)利用句式变化,增加得分亮点 在整篇文章中,避免只使用一两个句型,要灵活运用多种语法结构、句式,可以令文章增色不少,整 篇文章也因此生辉。 1 谚语、习语巧运用 ①[2015 四川卷书面表达]As the saying goes, practice makes perfect ②[2015 浙江卷书面达 Sometimes giving up little can mean getting more ③[2015 重庆卷书面表达]As an old saying goes living without clear and achievable aim is like sailing without compass 在表达中闪卷老师喜欢看到的高级句式:倒装 2.特殊句式用法妙调从句独立成分和分词结构及虚拟气倒装是一 (1)倒装句 种最简单行的使句子呈现亮点的方法。 2015 重庆卷书面表达]By the means of controlled release only need to deliver books to other participants, not only are books shared but it can build up a bridge connecting readers from different parts of the world as well. (2)强调句 ①[2015 江苏卷书面表达]Itis the people who obey the rules that matter. [2015 浙江卷书 Without hesitation decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun 2021 全国新高考作文应用文专项讲解与训练 第 6 页 共 14 页 that day ③[2015 福建卷书面表达]It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts self but what is reflected in the story that counts. 3 分词结构不可少 ①[2017 全国卷Ⅱ书面表达]Meanwhile, some beautiful paper-cutting works collected from al oner the country, will be exhibited there. [2017 全国卷Ⅲ书面表达] that you are keen on playing table tennis wonder if you'd like to join. 天津卷书面表达]I'm so glad to hear from you. With the college entrance examination drawing near... 4.虚拟语气要用好 ①[2015 重庆卷书面表达]If only could go back and reset my goals ②[2015 重庆卷书面表达]Were three years younger than am now, would strongly recommend that I(should) set more practical and specific goals [2015 四川卷书面表达 you could provide more specific information, I would be grateful. 技法五衔接要“巧”过渡要“妙 一)“起”——创造良好开端 常用开头词汇: First, I think everyone needs friends and is eager to get friendship. First of all, we must make full use of every 45-minute lesson Nowadays/Recently, people in many big cities are complaining about the heavy traffic In the first place, she can read at the rate of 100 words a minute. To begin with, smoking should be banned in public areas Generally speaking, the more you practise the more skillfully you can write in English 常用开头句式: As the proverb says/As the saying goes, "Time is money," As can be seen from the table, nearly everyone owns one mobile phone in China. with the development of the Internet, computers play an important role in people's life. It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours. 2021 全国新高考作文应用文专项讲解与训练 第 7 页 共 14 页 There is no denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind. even It is belived that health is above wealth It is well known that an elephant is a very kind and gentle animal. I'm excited to learn that we are going to start a magazine. (二)“承”—顺势承上启下 常用顺承词汇: Also, do let me know if you need more information. Secondly, we should get up early to memorize idioms and useful ex Obviously, a good learning habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations. books can help us to develop good characters. 2016 江苏卷书面表达]Furthermore voting on the Internet makes instant feedback possible [2016 四川卷书面表达]Secondly, summer vacation is the longest of the year 2016 陕西卷书面表达] Besides, have such good command of English that am elected assistant to my English teacher. Take Beijing for example, it is one of the oldest cities in the world. 常用顺承句式: What is more serious is that we don't cherish wildlife As far as I am concerned, they stand for love, friendship and unity. 2016 浙江卷书面表达 After that, set out to read widely for an inspiring topic, wrote speech and practiced its delivery in beautiful pronunciation with good public speech skills. [2016 四川卷书面表达] As far as I'm' concerned, every summer stay at my uncle's' house in th country for three weeks and enjoy a wonderful life there. (三)“转”——巧妙转折过渡 常用转折过渡词汇: But unfortunately I mind my own business without considering my parents. However,not until the match was over did we realize that we became the loser. On the other hand, online shopping also has many disadvantages. On the contrary, the volunteers always claim that they are tired of the life on earth [2017 全国卷Ⅱ书面表达] Visiting this exhibition, we will not only enjoy the folk art works,b also learn a lot. 2021 全国新高考作文应用文专项讲解与训练 第 8 页 共 14 页 [2015 湖北卷书面表达]Although the answer seemed little strange, nobody but doubted it (四)“合”—完美结束全文 常用结尾词汇: All in all, traveling is the best choice to recharge ourselves and get ready for the new challenges In conclusion, a good citizen should observe traffic regulations. In a word, success is important, and so is failure, because it's the mother of success. To sum up, environmental protection is of great importance, which can make us live more comfortably healthily. On the whole, find a bike more enjoyable than a motorcycle. 常用结尾句式: I'd appreciate it if you could deliver them as soon as possible It is high time that we did something to prevent the environment from being polluted. Only with combined efforts can we expect our hometown take on a new look in the near future We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as peace in the world. From what has discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that you must have self-confidence if yo want to achieve something. 7 preciate it if you could reply at your earliest convenience [2016 四川卷书面表达]In word, like everything in spring, especially the feelings bathed in th rain and sunshine. Ⅱ按要求升级下列句式 I realized the importance of English when entered senior high school(强调句型改写句子,强调状 语部分) ________________________________________________________________________ 2. The children can grow up mentally and physically healthy only in this way.(用倒装句改写句子) ________________________________________________________________________ 3. The local government didn't' realize the problem until the river was seriously polluted 句改写句子) ________________________________________________________________________ 4.' s time for us to take measures to protect endangered animals 用拟语气改写句子) 2021 全国新高考作文应用文专项讲解与训练 第 9 页 共 14 页 ________________________________________________________________________ .After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner(用分词作状语改写句子) ________________________________________________________________________ 6.As the society develops rapidly, it's necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English and computer.用 with 复合结构改写句子) ________________________________________________________________________ 7.They are experienced, knowledgeable, patient and understanding.( not only... but also.（并列句型改写句子) ________________________________________________________________________ 8. We should speak more English. We think it is very important.(it 作形式宾语改写句子) ________________________________________________________________________ 实战训练 一 假定你是李华，暑期在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。请写一 封信申请做志愿者，内容包括: 1.写信目的; 2.个人优势; 3.能做的事情。 注意: 1.词数 100 左右; 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯; 2021 全国新高考作文应用文专项讲解与训练 第 10 页 共 14 页 3.结束语已为你写好。 ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________。 Yours Li Hua [2019 全国卷 I] 分析： 1.审题 (半)开放类作文的审题最为关键，审好题相当于成功了一半。审题时应做到三定:①定体裁;② 定人称;③定时态。 本文为应用文，属于书信类;人称以第一人称为主;时态以一般现在时为主。 2 谋篇 提纲类作文的重点是定主题，然后根据主题列出要点和提纲。 对于(半)开放类作文，首先要准确理解题目意思抓住题中的关键词，然后结合实际生活组织 材料。对于图画类作文，首先，要准确描述图画的内容;其次，对其寓意进行深层解读;最后， 结合实际生活进行联想，发表看法。 如本题目为半开放类作文，首先，表明自己在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展 览，打算申请做志愿者;然后，介绍自己的个人优势和能做的事情;最后，表达自己的愿望。 审题思路①申请信②第一三人称为主③一般过去时④三个要点，其中第三要点活动反响”为 开放型。 Dear Sir, I am Li Hua, a student studying in London, who is more than thrilled to be informed of the 2021 全国新高考作文应用文专项讲解与训练 第 11 页 共 14 页 message that there will be a Chinese painting exhibition in your local art gallery. I am writing to apply for being a volunteer. As student from China, I have been keen on Chinese paintings. As you know, China has a growing influence on today's world. In the meanwhile more attention is paid to the study of the traditional culture in Chinese high schools. So I have got the hang of the knowledge of Chinese paintings. By the way, I can also do well in communicating with others in oral English. I would extremely appreciate it if I have a chance to receive your approval. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, LiHua 二 假定你是李华，上周日你校举办了 5 公里越野赛跑活动。请你为校英文报写一 篇报道，内容包括: 1.参加人员; 2.跑步路线:从校门口到南山脚下; 3 活动反响。 注意:1.写作词数应为 80 左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 [2020 新高考全国卷 I A Cross-Country Running Race ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2021 全国新高考作文应用文专项讲解与训练 第 12 页 共 14 页 ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________。 [范文]二 V A Cross-Country Running Race With the purpose of improving students' fitness, our school launched the 5-kilometer cross-country running race,which finished successfully last Sunday. The players, mainly consisting of the students selected from different classes and grades, attended the race vigorously. The competition was fierce. The pavements beside the running route, which was from the school gate to the foot of South Hill, were packed with students and teachers who gave loud cheers and applause to the players. Though tired and exhausted, the players all regarded this competition as a good way of building up their strength. 实战练习 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节（满分 15 分） 假如你是校学生会主席李华，学生会将举办以“我的美丽家乡”为主题的摄影大赛，请你代表学生会 给全校同学写一个关于比赛事宜的通知。 内容包括： 1. 比赛的目的； 2. 参赛作品的内容和要求； 3. 提交方式和截止日期。 注意: 1. 词数 80 左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Notice ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2021 全国新高考作文应用文专项讲解与训练 第 13 页 共 14 页 ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________。 [范文]三 Notice In order to enrich our extracurricular activities and deepen the love for our hometown, a photography contest will be organized by the students' union. Anyone who is interested is welcome to enter the contest whose theme is “my beautiful Hometown”. The photos are expected to reflect the beauty of our hometown from different perspectives, and the content should be completely original. If you want to join, you can send your photos to studnetsunion@sohu.com before 30th, July. Looking forward to your participation. April 2, 2021 Students’Union 2021七市二模联考 假定你是李华，你的笔友 Charles 最近对学习汉语成语很感兴趣，特来信交流。请你用英文给他回一封 信，内容包括： 1. 学习成语的好处； 2. 学习成语的方法； 3. 盼望多交流。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为 80 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Charles, __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2021 全国新高考作文应用文专项讲解与训练 第 14 页 共 14 页 __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________. Yours, Li Hua [范文]四 Dear Charles, Knowing you are keen on Chinese idioms, I’m writing to share with you something about them. Learning Chinese idioms can help you develop a high level of competence in your communication skills. To have a better understanding of Chinese idioms, you should know how they originated, which can help you grasp them more precisely. Besides, practice makes perfect. It’s better for you to use them in the daily conversations and literary creation. I hope we can exchange ideas with each other as often as possible. Yours, Li Hua