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【口袋书】2021 年高考英语必背手册
专题十六 特殊句式
考点一 倒装句
1.完全倒装
①表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语 here, there, now, then, up, down, away, off, in,
out, in the room, on the wall 等置于句首，且主语为名词时用全部倒装，若主语是人称代
词，则不倒装。
Here he comes.
他来了
Here are some registered letters for you.
这是你的几封挂号信。
In came a man with a white beard.
一个白胡子男人走了进来。
Among them was a soldier who was wounded in the stomach.
其中有一名士兵胃部受伤。
John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.
约翰打开门，一个他以前从未见过的女孩站在那里。
②表示地点的介词短语置于句首时，且谓语动词为 be, lie, live, sit, hang, remain, stand, exist
等表示“存在”的不及物动词时，主谓倒装。
On top of the mountain stands an ancient temple.
山顶上有一座古庙。
At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.
在山脚下有一个美丽的湖。
In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.
在英国一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。
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By the side of the playground of our school stands the new library，which was built in 2018 with
the support of a generous businessman.
在我们学校的操场旁边矗立着新图书馆，它是在一位慷慨的商人的支持下于 2018 年建成的。
③主、系、表结构中的表语置于句首时，主谓倒装。
Present at the meeting were Mr.Li and many other officers.
出席会议的有李先生和许多其他官员。
Gone are the days when we used the foreign oil.
我们使用洋油的日子一去不复返了。
③直接引语的一部分位于句首时，主谓倒装。
＂Exactly",said the father,shaking the old friend's hands.
“没错，”父亲握着老朋友的手说。
2.部分倒装
①否定副词(never, neither, nor, hardly, little, seldom, rarely 等)或表示否定意义的介词短语
(at no time, by no means, on no condition, in no case 等)置于句首时，句子部分倒装。
Never in my life have I seen such a thing.
我一生中从未见过这样的事。
Seldom does he come back on Sundays.
他星期天很少回来。
Never is it realistic for Europe to lay too much hope on China it since the debt problem will
only be solved by European countries themselves.
对于欧洲而言从来没有把太多的希望放在中国，这是现实的，因为债务问题将只能由欧洲国
家自己来解决。
He jumped at the opportunity when he saw the advertisement in a newspaper，because barely
could he make ends meet.
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因为人不敷出，当他在报纸上看到这则广告时抓住了机会。
Not a single word did_he say when he was asked，which made his parents angry.
有人问他时，他一句话也没说，这使他的父母很生气。
We laugh at jokes, but seldom do we think about how they work.
我们听到笑话时会笑，却很少去考虑它们是如何让我们发笑的。
The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class.
那位教授告诫这些学生，他们绝对不应该在他的课上使用手机。
It is required that under no circumstances should we betray ourselves even if there are temptations
like money or beauty.
要求我们在任何情况下都不能背叛自己，即使在像金钱、美色的诱惑面前。
②副词 only+状语（介词语、副词、状语从句）置于句首时，句子部分倒装
Only after he came back was I able to see him.
直到他回来后我才见到他。
Only then did we realize there was an earthquake.I was too frightened to move.
只有在那时我们才意识到地震发生了。我太害怕了以至于一动不动。
Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.
他们只有在讨论这个问题几个小时之后才做决定。
Just as the old saying goes，Happiness lies in contentment.” Only in this way can we relax
ourselves and achieve more progress.
正如那句老话所说，幸福在于知足。只有这样我们才能放松自己，取得更大的进步。
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③so/neither＋助动词/be 动词/情态动词＋主语，意为“……也是如此/也不……”
so, neither, nor 置于句首，表示前面的情况也适用于另一人或物时
I have never been to Guangzhou University, neither/nor has he.
我没去过广州大学，他也没去过。
I was in trouble in overcoming my addiction to alcohol，and so was my friend Mike.
我在克服酒瘾方面遇到了麻烦，我的朋友迈克也是。
④not only...but(also)...连接两个分句置于句首时，not only 所在的分句用部分倒装
Not only is he interested in football but also he plays it well.
他不仅对足球感兴趣，而且踢得很好。
⑤not until...置于句首时， 主句用部分倒装
Not until I returned did I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.
直到回来，我才发现安静的小镇生活对我才是最好的。
Not until Mr.Smith came to China did he know what kind of a country she is.
直到史密斯先生来到中国，他才知道她是一个什么样的国家。
Not until recently did they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural
areas.
直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。
⑥no sooner...than, hardly/ scarcely ...when...结构中，no sooner/hardly/scarcely 置于句首
时，主句用部分倒装，且多用过去完成时，than/when 后的句子多用一般过去时
Hardly/Scarcely had he fallen asleep when a loud knock at the door awaked him.
他刚睡着，响亮的敲门声把他吵醒了。
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No sooner had I reached the station than the train moved.
我刚到车站，火车就开了。
⑦so...that...和 such...that...句式中，so 或 such 及其所修饰的成分置于句首时，主句需部分
倒装
So moved was she that she could not say a word.
她感动得一句话也说不出来了。
So hard does he work that he has made great progress in English.
他学习如此努力，以至于他在英语方面取得了很大进步。
So necessary have I found it to learn about my kid's schoolwork that I will visit his teachers next
week.
我发现了解我孩子的功课是非常必要的，所以我下周要去拜访他的老师们。
So touching did the song sound that I couldn't hold my tears back when I heard it for the first time.
这首歌如此令人感动以至于我第一次听到它时就热泪盈眶。
⑧as/though 引导让步状语从句时，常把名词、形容词、副词、动词原形移到 as/though 之
前，如果作表语的是单数可数名词，要省略冠词
Child as/though he is, he has to make a living.
尽管他是个孩子，他还是得谋生。
Young as/though I am, I have made up my mind to become what I want to be when I grow up.
虽然我很年轻，但我已经下定决心长大后要成为我想成为的人。
One has reason to believe that China's anticorruption over the past few years，tough as/though it
is，has achieved inspiring progress.
有理由相信在过去的几年里中国的反腐活动取得了令人鼓舞的成就，虽然该活动很艰难。
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考点二 强调句
1.强调句的三种句式
①陈述句式：It is/was...that/who...(强调主语且主语为人时可用 that 或 who，其他情况只用
that)
②一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋...that/who...?
③特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that...?
2.it 强调句
①强调主语，主语为人时，that 可换成 who:
It is/was+王语＋that/who+其他成分
It is not everybody that can draw so well.
不是每个人都能画得那么好。
Bob hoped it would be he who would be invited.
鲍勃希望被邀请的是他。
It is the people who are really powerful.
真正强大的是人民。
It is one's inner beauty that matters.
一个人的内在美才是重要的。
It was my father that/who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
昨天晚上在实验室做实验的是我父亲。
It was we that/who arrived there first,though we went a wrong way.
是我们先到的，虽然我们走错了路。、
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It is working teams instead of on my own that has freed me from trouble and made my work more
efficient.
是团队合作精神而不是我自己单打独斗使我克服了困难并使我的工作效率更高。
In my life，it is music which is extremely important that brings me closer to my friends and family.
在我的生活中，音乐是非常重要的，它让我更接近我的朋友和家人。
In recent years，stress has been regarded as a cause of medical problems. However，like so many
other things，it is only too much stress that does you harm.
近年来，压力被认为是导致健康问题的一个原因。但是，像很多其他的事情一样，只有太多
的压力才会伤害到你。
②强调宾语，宾语为人时，可用 that/who:
It is/was+宾语＋that/who+其他成分
It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
这就是我父亲昨天晚上在实验室做的那个实验。
It was his sister that/who Tom met at the school gate yesterday.
汤姆昨天在校门口遇到的是他的妹妹。
③强调时间状语：
It is/was+时间状语＋that+其他成分
It was at noon that we got to the small village.
我们到达那个小村庄时是中午。
Was it at 1l o'clock that your father came back last night?
Yes， he is always coming back so late.
—你爸爸昨晚是 11 点回来的吗?
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—是的，他总是这么晚回来。
It was on Monday night that all this happened.
这一切都发生在星期一晚上。
It was yesterday that Tom met his sister at the school gate.
汤姆是昨天在校门口遇到他妹妹的。
Although it was ten years ago that I read the book，it shows me a universal truth that books are
friends，always pushing us to move on.
虽然我读这本书是十年前的事了，但它告诉我一个普遍的真理:书是朋友，总是推动我们前
进。
④强调地点状语：
It is/was+地点状语＋that+其他成分
It was at the school gate that Tom met his sister yesterday.
昨天汤姆是在学校门口遇到他妹妹的。
It was in the store that my father bought the cake.
我爸爸是在商店里买的蛋糕。
Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?
他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？
It is at the gate that she will be waiting for me.
她将在门口等我。
It was at the entrance of the zoo that he met this girl friend who had been to London for a better
post.
就是在动物园的入口处，他遇见了这个为了找到一个更好的职位到伦敦去的女朋友。
⑤it 强调句的一般疑问句：
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Is/Was it+被强调部分＋that+其他成分？
Was it Lucy that phoned just now?
刚才打电话的是露西吗?
Was it last year that the building was completed?
这幢大楼是去年建成的吗?
⑥it 强调句的特殊疑问句：
疑问词（被强调部分）＋is/was it+that+其他成分？
Why was it that you didn't attend the meeting?
你为什么没有参加会议?
How was it that he went to school?
他是怎么去上学的?
Who was it that played a trick on the new English teacher?
是谁捉弄了新来的英语教师?
Where was it that she found her lost necklace?
她是在哪里找到她丢失的项链的?
What do you think it is that has brought worldwide attention to China?
Rapid and steady economic growth，of course.
你认为是什么使得全世界关注中国?
当然是快速而稳定的经济增长。
Why!I have nothing to explain. What is it that you want me to say?
为什么!我没什么要解释的，你到底想要我说什么。
⑦强调主语从句：
It is /was+主语从句＋that+其他成分
It was what he said at the party that made her so angry.
正是他在聚会上说的话使她如此生气。
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It's not what you have in your life but who you have in your life that matters.
重要的不是你在生活中拥有什么而是你拥有谁。
It was what he meant rather than what he said that annoyed me.
是他话里的意思而不是他说的话把我惹恼了。
⑧强调状语从句：
It is/was+状语从句＋that+其他成分
It was only when I reread his poem that I began to appreciate its beauty.
直到重读了他的诗，我才开始欣赏它的美。
It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次偶然遇见我的新邻居们。
It is how you handle each challenge that counts.
你怎样处理每一个挑战很重要.
⑨not until 句型中的强调：
It is/was+not until...+that+其他成分
It was not until 12 o'clock that he went to bed.
直到 12 点他才上床睡觉。
It wasn't until in high school that I began to trust other people again.
直到上了高中我才开始再次信任别人。
Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully
recognized.
巴赫死于 1750 年，但是直到 19 世纪初他的音乐天赋才得到完全认可。
It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.
直到最后一次手术结束，白求恩才离开战斗医院。
It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its
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weather.
直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。
⑩it 强调句型的判断方法：
①将句中的 It is/was 和 that/who 去掉，如果句子意义和结构仍完整就是强调句，否则就不
是强调句。
It was three years ago that he went to America for a further study.(强调句）
他是三年前去美国深造的。
It is the best film that I have seen.(定语从句）
这是我看过的最好的电影。
②对时间、地点或原因状语从句强调时只用 that, 不用 when, where, why
It was because it rained heavily that they didn't go swimming.
因为雨下得很大，他们才没去游泳。
It was because the bus broke down on the way to the station that we missed the train.
正是因为公共汽车在去车站的路上出了故障，我们才错过了火车。
3.其他强调句
①......the very+名词
At the very minute,the door opened.
就在这时，门开了。
②反身代词
I saw it myself when the accident happened.
事故发生时我亲眼看到的。
③ever, even, just, indeed, only, right 等副词＋被强调部分
I just can't believe my eyes.
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我简直不敢相信我的眼睛。
It is indeed a remarkable achievement.
这的确是非凡的成就。
Oftentimes, I wouldn't even return the calls.
我甚至经常不回电话。
④Why ever/What ever/When ever 等＋do/be+主语＋其他部分？
What ever is the matter with you?
你到底有什么毛病？
⑤What...is/was...
What I am going to tell you is that you are already admitted to Beijing University.
我要告诉你的是，你已经被北京大学录取了。
⑥强调词＋助动词＋主谓＋其他成分
Never have I seen such a strange person.
我从未见过这么奇怪的人。
⑦强调谓语动词，用助动词 do/does/did＋动词原形，用来对谓语动词进行强调。该结构只
用于肯定句，并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时。
Do come on time this evening. 今天晚上一定要准时来啊。
He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写信了。
Tom does study hard now. 现在 Tom 的确学习很努力。
In that way，World Read Aloud Day does help make a difference.
通过那种方式，世界大声读书日的确帮助产生了影响。
考点三 其他特殊句式
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There be 句式、省略句及感叹
一、there be 句型
①there be 句型中的 be 可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且 be 有时
可用 live, remain, stand, lie, exist, seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be 等替换。
There is a big library in our school.
我们学校有一个很大的图书馆。
Once upon a time，there was a boy whose parents named him Odd.
从前有一个男孩儿，他的父母给他取名叫 Odd。
There have been many great changes in our country since then.
自从那时起我国发生了很多大的变化。
Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。
②there be 句型的常考句型：
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义。
There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问……
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)没有必要做某事。
There is no difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth. 做某事没有困难。
There is no possibility of (doing) sth. (做)某事没有可能性。
There is no possibility that...……是不可能的。
There is no point in lying; people always find out.
在这些问题上撒谎无济于事，因为谎言总有一天会被人们识破。
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There is no sense in forcing yourself to get what you don't want.
集中精力做您并不想要的东西是没有意义的。
There is no sense in arguing with him; he won't listen to you.
和他争论没有意义，他是不会听你的。
Therefore，there was no doubt that I was left alone，suffering from loneliness and failure.
因此，毫无疑问，我独自一人，饱受孤独和失败的折磨。
There is no doubt that human activity，which does great harm to the environment，is the main
cause.
毫无疑问，非常危害环境的人类活动是主要原因。
Yes，of course they celebrate Christmas here，and there are obviously displays in shops and
Christmas markets，but there seem to be no signs of Christmas adverts.
当然他们在这里庆祝圣诞节，而且很明有圣诞广告的迹象。
There is no need for you to get up early tomorrow.
你明天不必早起。
There is no need for you to be tensed up about the competition.
你没有必要为竞赛而紧张。
There is no difficulty in solving this social problem.
解决这个社会问题毫无困难。
A 100 doesn't mean that there is no possibility of improvement, only that a student
successfully completed the course work.
100 分并不意味着没有改进的可能，只表明该学生成功地完成了课程。
There is no possibility that human beings will be 'controlled by machines'.
人类‘被机器控制’是不可能的。
There is no possibility that we can get there in time, because our flight was held up by snow.
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我们不可能按时到那里了，因为大雪延误了航班。
二、省略句
1.简单句的省略
①省略主语
（You)Open the door, please.
(你)请开门。
②省略主谓或主谓的一部分
（Is there)Anything else?
(还有)别的事吗？
（You come)This way please.
(你)请这边走。
③省略宾语
－Do you know Tom?
－你认识汤姆吗?
－I don't know(him).
－我不认识(他)。
④省略表语
－Are you hungry?
－你饿了吗?
－Yes, I am(hungry).
－是的,我（饿了）。
2.并列句的省略
①后一分句可以省略与前边分句相同的部分
To some life is pleasure, and to others(life is)suffering.
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对有些人来说，生活是乐趣，对另一些人来说，（生活）是痛苦。
3.宾语从句的省略
①宾语从句中连接词 that 可以省略，and 连接两个或两个以上的 that 从句时，只能省第一
个 that
I hope(that)you can come.
我希望你能来。
I hope(that)you can come and that you can help me.
我希望你能来并且帮助我。
②think/believe/suppose/expect/hope+so/not 结构的省略
－Is she coming?
－是她要来吗?
－I believe so/not.
我相信她会来/我相信她不会来。
Are you too old for fairy tales? If you think so, Copenhagen is sure to change your mind.
你是不是老得连童话都不想听了?如果你这样认为, 哥本哈根一定会改变你的想法。
③which, when, where, why 和 how 引导的宾语从句可以省略全部或部分内容，但引导词
不能省略
I know there will be a football match but I don't know when(the football match will begin).
我知道将有一场足球赛，但我不知道（足球赛）什么时候（开始）。
4.定语从句中的省略
作宾语的关系代词 that, which, whom 常省略
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Is this the reason (that)you explained at the meeting for your carelessness?
这就是你在会上解释自己粗心的原因吗?
5.状语从句中的省略
当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是 it 且从句
中含 be 动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和 be 动词，构成下列结构：连词＋形容词/介
词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。
Work hard when(you are)young, or you'll regret.
（当你）年轻时要努力工作，否则你会后悔的。
While was walking along the street， I heard my name called.
当我在街上走时，我听到有人叫我的名字。
Freddy gave him a job and housing and lent him pocket money while training him.
弗雷迪给了他一份工作和住房，并在训练他时借给他零用钱。
Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
孩子们在父母的陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。
China's approach to protecting its environment while feeding its citizens"offers useful lessons for
agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,"says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
世界银行的 Juergen Voegele 说，中国在保护环境的同时养活本国人民的做法“为全世界的农
业和粮食政策制定者提供了有益的经验”。
②当状语从句的主语为 it,谓语动词含有 be 动词时，可以省略 it 和 be
You must attend the meeting unless（it is） inconvenient to you.
除非情况对你来说不方便，否则你必须出席这次会议。
Unless (it is) necessary you'd better not drive so fast.
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除非有必要，你最好别开这么快。
To the couple's great surprise，the house was in a mess as if (it was) broken into.
使这对夫妇大为吃惊的是，房子一片狼藉，好像有人闯进来似的。
③在 if so/not, if any, if ever, if necessary/possible 等结构中
You can use my car, if(it is)necessary.
如果有必要，你可以用我的汽车。
6.虚拟语气中的省略
虚拟条件句中省略 if, 把 were, had, should 提前
Were I you, I would accept the invitation.
如果我是你，我就会接受邀请。
7.不定式的省略
①在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语),
只保留不定式符号 to。不定式作 would like，love, like, hope, wish, prefer, mean, refuse,
expect，intend, try, want 等动词的宾语时，只保留不定式符号 to
Firstly, people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don’t want to.
首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。
You can do the work this way if you would like to(do the work).
如果你愿意，你可以这样做这个工作。
②不定式作 allow, ask, tell, advise, force, want 等的宾补时
If he doesn't want to go there, don't force him to(go there).
如果他不想去那里，就不要勉强他（去那里）。
③不定式作 happy, glad, ready, willing, eager 等词的状语时
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－Could you mind looking after my cat?
－你介意帮我照看一下我的猫吗?
－Not at all. I would be happy to(look after your cat).
－不介意。我很乐意(照看你的猫)。
④不定式符号 to 后为 have 或 be 时，要保留 have 或 be
－Are you a teacher?
－你是老师吗?
－No, but I want to be(one).
－不，但我想成为(一个)。
⑤but 用作介词，意为“除……之外”时，前面有实义动词 do, 后接不定式时，要省略 to；但
前面没有实义动词 do 时，后接的不定式不省略 to。
If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.
如果他接受这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。
⑥注意：特殊的省略结构：if 省略结构，常作为插入语来处理。
if so 如果这样的话
if not 如果不；不然的话
if ever 如果曾经有的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if possible 如果可能的话
if any 如果有的话
⑦固定结构中的省略
be able to, be going to, ought to, have to, used to 等
I don't go swimming now but I used to(go swimming).
我现在不去游泳，但过去常去。
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三、感叹句
1．what 引导的感叹句
①What＋a/an＋(adj.＋)单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
②What＋(adj.＋)不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
2．how 引导的感叹句
①How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！
②How＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
③How＋主语＋谓语！
What a strange plant(＝How strange a plant)! I’ve never seen it before.
多么奇怪的一种植物啊！我以前从未见过。
The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.
这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。
四、祈使句
祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二人
称 you(常省略)。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加 don’t, 也可用副词 never 来构成。
祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加 do。
Do your homework before you watch TV.
看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。
答题技巧点拨 巧解特殊句式
1．熟记句型结构，轻松确定答案
常考的特殊句型都有一定的规律和句式结构，只要平时记住这些规律和特征，便可轻
松确定答案。比如强调句基本结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...”，其判断方
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法：若去掉 It is/was 和 that/who 之后，句子仍完整，则题干为强调句。
2．巧用还原法，化难为易
对于一些特殊句型，一般情况下，考生可以把它还原为正常句型，如把倒装语序还原
为正常语序，把省略句补全等，便能降低解题难度。
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