Step1: 真题导入
（2018年高考全国新课标卷I）
We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of
something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置)
well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as
these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same
things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at
the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each
product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the
device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early
1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones,
and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3
players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers
showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-
room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you
have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of
electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping
these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team,
old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their
energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than
doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but
the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products
with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word
processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing
on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by
44%.
33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?
A. To reduce the cost of minerals.
B. To test the life cycle of a product.
C. To update consumers on new technology.
D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
34. Which of the following uses the least energy?(转换理解题)
A. The box-set TV. B. The tablet.
C. The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer.
Step2:考纲解读
对信息进行同义转换，检测考生的句义复述能力，具体如下：
⑴排序题：采用“首尾定位法”根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之
间的逻辑关系迅速缩小选择范围， 从而快速选出正确答案。
⑵图表转换题：采用“文字锁定法”，按“文”索“图”，迅速锁
定相关图形；采用“首读题干法”、“文表分析法”， 通常需要
对表格的项目进行比较，找准正确的计算关系。
⑶数字转换题：采用的方法有“列表法”、“推算法”等，解题关
键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算
关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解。
⑷同义（反义）转换题：考查学生的同义或反义词的能力。
Step 3: 考点导学
【典例一】排序题： 首尾定位巧排序
(2014四川，C片段)
A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered
a serious allergic(过敏) reaction which stopped his heart.
Izzy, nine, restarted father Colm's heart by stamping(踩) on his chest after he
fell down at home and stopped breathing.
Izzy's mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but lzzy knew doctors would
never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR.
However, she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough, so she
stamped on her father's chest instead.
Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions(按压)
until the ambulance arrived.
Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said: "I just kicked
him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough to
use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a
nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his
chest."
"She's a little star," said Debbie. "I was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just
can't believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy
did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to
the hospital and we've got to see an expert."
Truck driver Colm,35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was
taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The
second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing,
his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.
He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.
What's the right order of the events?
① Izzy kicked Colm.
② Debbie called 999.
③ Izzy learned CPR.
④ Colm's heart stopped.
A.③①②④ B.④②③① C.③④②① D.④③①②
C
【解析】
结合第六段第一句 My mum taught me CPR，倒数第二段
最后一句 his heart stopped for a moment，第二段 Izzy, nine,
restarted father Colm's heart by stamping(踩) on his chest after
he fell down at home and stopped breathing 和第二段 Debbie,
immediately called 999，可知顺序为3、4、2、1。 故正确答
案为C。
【点拨】
此类题目要求考生根据动作发生的时间顺序及句子之间的
逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。可采用首尾定
位，即，先找出第一件事情和最后一件事情，迅速缩小范围，
快速选出正确答案。
【典例二】图文转换题 在有图表图画的阅读理解中，
有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选
项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也
暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时
候，一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有
些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找
正确答案的方法。
71. The chart shows that from 2005 to 2008, ________.
A. the percentage of the Spanish families with a computer rose 35
points
B. the percentage of the White families with a computer remained
unchanged
C. the number of the Black families with a computer was on the
decrease
D. the number of the Asian families with a computer showed the
sharpest increase
【解析】D。请看原文中的柱形图：
由柱形图可以清楚地看出，拥有电脑的亚洲家庭的数
量急剧增加，其他三项表述都与图表不符，故D项正确。
D
【典例三】数字转换题 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)At present,
the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these
languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild
zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many
people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small
numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the
Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific
perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for
well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a
mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are
spoken by fewer people than that.
How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people
at present?
A．About 6,800. B．About 3,400.
C．About 2,400. D．About 1,200.
B
根据信息句“The median number (中位数) of speakers is a
mere 6,000，which means that half the world's languages are
spoken by fewer people than that.”可知，目前全球不同语言使
用人数的中位数仅是6,000，这就意味着世界上有一半的语言的
使用人数不到6,000；结合“At present，the world has about
6,800 languages.”可知正确选项为 B。
【典例四】同义（反义）转换题 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D )Dr.
Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island
in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or
harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay
underwater much longer than us local islanders，” Dr. Jubilado
said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?
A．They could walk on stilts all day.
B．They had a superb way of fishing.
C．They could stay long underwater.
D．They lived on both land and water.
C
用astonished寻读，利用同义词复现在文中找到信息源——
“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much
longer than us local islanders”；astonished与amazed为同义词.
根据信息句“We were so amazed that they could stay
underwater much longer than us local islanders”可知正确选项
为C。
Step 4: 归纳总结
转换理解类题目主要特点及典型失误
⑴对应性：正确答案应与文中的细节一一对应。
⑵准确性：准确性是细节理解题的核心，在转换
过程中要注意到细节信息中的范围、程度、语义
色彩等词汇的变化。
⑶区分性：要正确处理找到细节对应点后，仔细
分析，结合句子的语境来辨析各选项与文中细节
的异同。
Step 5: 巩固提高
（1）
Is it possible that the sinking of the Titanic was caused by a ghost？A lot of the
story below is true…but did it really happen quite like this？
Our story begins not in the icy cold waters of the North Atlantic，but rather
thousands of miles away in Egypt．It is here，perhaps，that we can find the start
of the mystery of the Titanic，in the year 1910，in the great city of Cairo．
One day，a famous professor of Egyptian history called Douglas Murray was
staying in Cairo，when he was contacted by an American adventurer．
The American had something unusual to offer Murray，something that was
certain to thrill him：a beautiful ancient Egyptian mummy case，containing the
mummy of an Egyptian queen．It was over 3000years old，but in beautiful
condition------gold，with bright paintings on it．Murray was delighted with both
the object and the asking-price．He gave the man a cheque immediately．
The cheque was never cashed．That evening the American adventurer died．For
his part，Murray arranged to have the treasure sent back to Britain．However，it
was not long before he learnt more about the beautiful mummy case：On the walls
of the tomb in which it had been discovered，there were messages which warned
of terrible consequences to anyone who broke into the tomb．Murray was
disbelieving of these warnings until a few days later，when a gun he was holding
exploded in his hand，shattering his arm．The arm had to be cut off．
After the accident，Murray decided to return to his homeland．On the
return journey，two of his companions died mysteriously，and two servants
who had handled the mummy also passed away．The now-terrified Murray
decided he would get rid of the cursed case as soon as he arrived in
London．A lady he knew named Janet Jones said she would like it，so he
gave it to her．Shortly afterwards，Jones'mother died，and she herself
caught a strange disease．She tried returning the mummy，but naturally
Murray refused it．In the end，it was presented to the British Museum．
Even in the museum，the mummy apparently continued to cause strange
events．A museum photographer died shortly after taking pictures of the new
exhibit； and a manager also died for no apparent reason．In the end，the
British Museum decided to get rid of the mummy too．They sold it to a
collector in New York．
At the start of April 1912，arrangements for the transfer were complete，
and the mummy began the journey to its new home．But the New Yorker
never received the mummy or its case．For when the Titanic sank，one of the
objects in its strong room was the mummy case．Or so they say．
1．In what order did the following events occur？
a．The case was given to the British Museum．
b．Janet Jones caught a mysterious illness．
c．Murray's arm was cut off．
d．The mummy case was sold to an American．
e．A man who took a picture of the case died．
f．Warnings were written on the tomb's walls．
A．f，c，b，a，e，d B．c，f，b，a，e，d
C．d，f，b，c，a，e D．f，a，c，b，e，d
2．According to the passage，where is the Egyptian mummy now？
A．At the British Museum B．In New York
C．In Egypt D．Under the sea
A
D
【解析】 1．通读全文可知，事件发生的颃序为f．坟墓
的墙上写有警示语，这是在坟墓建成时已有的
→c．Murray直到手臂被切除才相信诅咒而把它卖给了
Janet Jones→b．其后她得了一种怪病→a．木乃伊从Janet
Jones手里辗转到了英国博物馆→e．-个给这个箱子拍照
的博物馆摄影师死了→d．博物馆又将它卖给了美国
人．所以A选项是正确的． 2．根据最后一段第三句
"For when the Titanic sank，one of the objects in its strong
room was the mummy case．"可知，当泰坦尼克号沉船时，
装有木乃伊的箱子在船上．由此可推知，该木乃伊已随
泰坦尼克号沉人海底．所以D选项是正确的．
（2）（2018年高考全国新课标卷I）
We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of
something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装
置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our
wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones
that do the same things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her
colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the
environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are
mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home
energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation —
Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital
cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs
entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The
living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one
day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average
number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're
not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the
analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes
are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas
emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to
2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers
replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one
function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found
that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and
desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
3. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?
A. To reduce the cost of minerals.
B. To test the life cycle of a product.
C. To update consumers on new technology.
D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
4. Which of the following uses the least energy?
A. The box-set TV. B. The tablet.
C. The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer.
D
B
【解析】
3.根据第二段第一句中的“To figure out how much
power these devices are using...”以及后面的介绍可知，
Babbitt 的团队进行这项研究的目的是弄清楚这些设备
的耗电情况。故答案为D
4. 由于设备越新越省电，在根据选项中这些设备出
现的时间： box-set TVs 和The desktop computer 为1992
年； The LCD TV 为2002年；The tablet 为2007年。可
知The tablet 为最新的设备，也意味着最省电。
(3)
A few years ago, Paul Gerner began to gather a group of architects in Las vegas
to ask them what it would take to design a public school that used 50 percent less
energy, cost much less to build and obviously improved student learning. "I think
half of them fell off their chairs," Gerner says.
Gerner manages school facilities(设施) for Clark county, Nevada, a district
roughly the size of Massachusetts. By 2018, 143,000 additional students will
enter the already crowded public-education system. Gerner needs 73 new schools
to house them. Four architecture teams have nearly finished designing primary
school prototypes(样品); they plan to construct their schools starting in 2009. The
district will then assess how well the schools perform, and three winners will
copy those designs in 50 to 70 new buildings.
Green schools are appearing all over, but in Clark County, which stands out for
its vastness, such aggressive targets are difficult because design requirements like
more natural light for students go against the realities of a desert climate. "One of
the biggest challenges is getting the right site orientation(朝向)," Mark McGinty,
a director at SH Architecture, says. His firm recently completed a high school in
Las Vegas. "You have the same building, same set of windows, but if its
orientation is incorrect and it faces the sun, it will be really expensive to cool."
Surprisingly, the man responsible for one of the most progressive green-design
competitions has doubts about ideas of eco-friendly buildings. "I don't believe in the
new green religion," Gerner says. "Some of the building technologies that you get are
impractical. I'm interested in those that work." But he wouldn't mind if some green
features inspire students. He says he hopes to set up green energy systems that allow
them to learn about the process of harvesting wind and solar power. "You never know
what's going to start the interest of a child to study math and science," he says. 5.
How did the architects react to Garner's design requirements? A: They lost balance
in excitement. B: They showed strong disbelief. C: They expressed little interest.
D: They burst into cheers.6. Which order of steps is followed in carrying out the
project? A: Assessment — Prototype — Design — Construction. B:
Assessment — Design — Prototype — Construction. C: Design — Assessment —
Prototype — Construction. D: Design — Prototype — Assessment —
Construction.7. What makes it difficult to build green schools in Clark County? A:
The large size. B: Limited facilities. C: The desert climate. D:
Poor natural resources.8. What does Gerner think of the ideas of green schools? A:
They are questionable. B: They are out of date. C: They are advanced.
D: They are practical.
B
D
C
A
【解析】
5. 由第一段最后一句 “'I think half of them fell off their
chairs,' Gerner says.” 可知建筑师都不相信 Gerner 的设想能成
真，故正确答案为B。
6. 由第二段可知。建筑团队先进行设计，然后建造原型，再
然后由人们去评估，优胜者的作品会被大量使用在其他学校上，
故正确答案为D。
7. 由第三段第一句 “...such aggressive targets are difficult
because design requirements like more natural light for students go
against the realities of a desert climate.” 可知主要困难在于沙漠
气候，故正确答案为C。
8. 由最后一段第二句 “'I don't believe in the new green
religion,' Gerner says. 'Some of the building technologies that you
get are impractical.'” 可知 Gerner 质疑绿色学校设计的可行性，
故正确答案为A。
(4)
After the Summer Olympics are over, when all the athletics have gone home
and the television audience has switched off, another group of athletics and fans
will arrive at the host city, and another competition will begin．These are the
Paralympics, the games for athletes with a disability．But in Beijing in 2008, for
the first time, one of the greatest Paralympics will not be taking part．
She is a British athlete by the name of Tanni Grey-Thormpson．Born with
spina bifida （脊椎裂） which left her paralyzed from the waist down．Tanni
used a wheelchair from the age of 7．At first, she was not keen on sport, apart from
horse-riding, which gave her a sense of freedom．But in her teens, she started
taking sports more seriously．She tried swimming, basketball and
tennis．Eventually she found athletics, and never looked back．
Indeed, Tanni’s athletic career took off．In 1984, when she was 15, she pulled
off a surprise victory in the 100metres at the Junior National Wheelchair Games．
In 1988, Tanni went to her first Paralympic Games in Seoul．She won bronze in
the 400 metres．Even greater success followed at the 1992
Barcelona．Paralympics．Tanni won gold in the 100, 200, 400 and 800 metres
relay, setting two world records in the process．In the same year she achieved the
first of her six London Wheelchair Marathon victories．
Tanni’s enduring success had been part motivation（动机）, part
preparation, “The training I do that enables me to be a good sprinter
（短跑运动员） enables me to be good at a marathon too．I train 50
weeks of the year and that keeps me prepared for whatever distance I
want to race．I am still competing at a very high lever, but as I get
older things get harder and I want to retire before I fall apart．”
Indeed Tanni retired finally after the Visa Paralympic World Cup in
2007．Her wish is to coach young athletes for Beijing 2008 Olympic
Games．
In spite of ups and downs, she never take her fate lying down．In
her splendid life, she has won an amazing eleven gold medals, four
silvers and one bronze in series of Paralympics--- a top lever athletic
career covering two decades．She has won the London Wheelchair
Marathon six times, more than any other competitor, and she has set
over thirty world records．
What advice does she have for young athletes? “Work hard at your
studies, and then train, train and train again．”
9. Which of the following sports did Tanni like before thirteen?
A．Basketball B．Swimming．
C．Tennis． D．Horse-riding．
10. When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold medal?
A．In 1984． B．In 1988． C．In 1992． D．In 2007．
11. The underlined word “that” in the 5th paragraph refers to _______．
A．fifty weeks’ training B．being a good sprinter
C．training almost every day D．part motivation and part preparation
12. What’s the right order of the events related to Tanni?
a．She works as a coach．
b．She took up athletics．
c．She won four gold medals in Barcelona．
d．She competed in her first Paralympic Games．
e．She achieved a victory in her first London Wheelchair Marathon．
A．b,d,c,e,a B．a,d,b,c,e C．a,d,c,e,b D．b,d,a,e,c
13. What can we learn from Tanni’s success?
A．Union is strength． B．Never too late to learn．
C．Well begun is half done． D．No pains, no gains．
D
C
C
A
D
【解析】 9.根据第2段at first, she did not like sports, apart from horse-riding,
which gave her a sense of freedom.说明在13岁之前，她喜欢骑马，故D正确。
10.根据第4段Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelonn. Paralympics.
Tanni won gold in the 100, 200, 400 and 800 metres relay, setting two world
records in the process.说明在1992年的巴塞罗那残疾人奥运会上他第一次获
得了金牌，故C正确 11. 根据本句I train 50 weeks of the year and that keeps
me prepared for whatever distance I want to see….说明这里的that就是指每天
的训练，能让他为一切做好准备，故C正确 12. 根据第二段b. She took up
athletics. 第三段d. She competed in her first Paralympic Games. c. She won four
gold medals in Barcelona. e. She achieved a victory in her first London
Wheelchair Marathon.第五段a. She works as a coach，故选A项。 13.根据文
章内容可知在残疾人奥运会上她取得了很大的成功的原因是在第五段的I
train 50 weeks of the year and that keeps me prepared for whatever distance I
want to see….说明他天天都进行训练，做出了刻苦的努力，故D项正确。
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