高考英语阅读七选五解题技巧 课件33张

阅读七选五 理解文章主旨 和段落大意的 能力 理解文章结构的 能力 理解段落和 句子之间逻 辑的能力 题型解读：七选五考什么 卷名 体裁 主题 考点 主题语境 主题语境内容 细节句 主旨句 过渡句 2020 课 标 全 国 I 说明文 人与自我 接受自我 2 1 2 2019 说明文 人与自然 人与环境 2 2 1 2018 说明文 人与自我 家庭生活 3 1 1 2017 记叙文 人与自我 生活方式 1 1 3 2016 说明文 人与社会 创新技术 2 1 2 题型解读：七选五怎么考 卷名 体裁 主题 考点 主题语境 主题语境内容 细节句 主旨句 过渡句 2020 课 标 全 国 II 说明文 人与自我 社会交往 3 1 2 2019 说明文 人与自然 完善自我 1 1 3 2018 说明文 人与自我 生活方式 2 2 1 2017 说明文 人与自我 人际交往 2 1 2 2016 说明文 人与社会 家庭生活 1 1 2 题型解读：七选五怎么考 主题 明确 结构 清晰 逻辑 严谨 题型解读：七选五为什么常考说明文？？？ 英语说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，以客观事物的特点和 性质，事物发生和发展过程为主要表达内容， 给读者以知识的一 种文体。 主题明确：说明文通常只有一个说明对象。抓住说明对象，就抓住了文章 的中心，有助于理解各个段落的主要内容。 例：2019全国I卷 Is Fresh Air Really Good for you? Para1 Fresh air is good for us. Para2 Fresh air cleans our lungs Para4 Get sunlight Para3 Being in nature can heal. Benefits of Fresh Air Part 1----Para1(引入段) Working out in the morning is beneficial to us. Para2 Productivity Part2--- (para2-5正文) Four benefits of taking exercise in the morning Para3 metabolism Para4 quality of sleep 结构清晰：说明文通常由引入段、正文和结尾段组成。段首往往有主题句， 主题句表达及支配全段的主要内容。 例：2018全国卷II Para5 healthy food choices Part 3----Para6(结尾段) Conclusion 逻辑严谨：说明文会按照一定的说明顺序来介绍、解说事物或事理， 如事件顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序等。也就是说，全篇各段之间存 在着一定的逻辑顺序，分别从不同的角度来说明文章的主题。 But good news is that there are really three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in you home: the small ones, the medium ones and the large ones. __38_____. They are the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to… Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas,…. The larger color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors 例：2018全国课标卷I D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with. 解题关键：文章还是句子？？？ 从语篇层面，整体把握文章的主要内容和结构， 进而概括段落大意，理清段落、句子之间的逻辑关系， 才能对混淆的七个选项加以区分，做出正确选择。 浏览全文，把握主旨 详读段落，概括大意 研读选项，准确定位 代入原文，通读复检 解题 步骤 01 01 0304 02 03 解题步骤 1 2 解题技巧 代词 同词复现 同义复现 反义词 句式结构 词 汇 衔 接 逻 辑 衔 接 转折关系 解释关系 因果关系 并列关系 对比关系 递进关系 总分关系 分总关系 1.1词汇衔接——词汇复现（Repetition of words） 词汇复现，即在上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复叙述， 是实现语篇前后连贯的常用手段。也就是说语篇中的每一个词都 与它的前后词语、句子、段落有关。 1. ____37____. Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores. Some common things people will put on gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. （From 2020全国课标卷III） A. This isn’t usual though. B. It is traditional to bring a gift to housewarming party. C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests. D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place. E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like. F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together. G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter. B. It is traditional to bring a gift to housewarming party. 同义复现 2. Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.____37____（From 2018全国课标卷II） A. You will stick to your diet. B. Your quality of sleep improves. C. You prefer healthy food to fast food. D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning. E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise. F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories through the day. G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up! E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise. 1.2代词指代 The use of pronouns 在语篇构建的过程中，代词常被用来指代语篇中曾出现过的信息 （名词或名词短语），以此来实现语篇的连贯和衔接，使之成为一个 统一的语义整体。因此，分析代词的指代有助于理清段落、句子之间的 逻辑关系。 3. In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and the play. __ 36____. It’s been reported that 76 percent employees in some western countries are using emojis at work. （From 2020全国课 标卷I） A. Messages with emojis feel more conversational. B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly. C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange. D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally. E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace. G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform. D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally. 1.3 动词时态 Tense 七选五的文章常见体裁是说明文。有的说明文会按照时间顺序说明 事物，或者阐述所说明事物的过去情况，这时就会用到过去的时态。 阅读这样的文章或者文段时，分析动词的时态有助于缩小选择范围， 锁定正选。 4. Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. ___40__ Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.（From 2020全国课标卷II） A. This isn’t usual though. B. It is traditional to bring a gift to housewarming party. C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests. D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place. E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like. F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together. G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter. 1.4 句式结构 Sentence patterns 有的说明文会注意句子表达形式的一致性，比如使用句式结构相同 或相似的排比句。如果遇到这种情况，可以利用句式结构缩小范围， 锁定正选。 A. Feeling upset again? B. Where do you start? C. Nothing is too small to celebrate. D. Remember, you are only human. E. Set an intention for self-acceptance. F. Stop comparing yourself with others. G. When does the comparison game start ? 5.Now that you’ve listed your strength, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. ____40_____ Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?（From 2020全 国课标卷I） A. Feeling upset again? 2. 逻辑衔接 Logical Cohesion 篇章的逻辑衔接是篇章内句与句之间、部分与部分之间如何统一成 一个整体。注意设空的位置，位于句首、句中还是句尾，当题目设置在句 中时，篇章的段落和句子之间经常会运用连接词表示过渡和衔接，使文章 意义更连贯、逻辑更清晰。 但是有时没有明显的逻辑连接词，这就需要通过上下文语义和具体 的语境分析句子间逻辑关系。 A. While all of them are useful. B. Whatever you’re looking for. C. If you’re experimenting with a color D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with. E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces. F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time. G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways 6. But good news is that there are really three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in you home: the small ones, the medium ones and the large ones. __38_____. They are the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to… Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas,…. The larger color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors （ From 2018全国课标卷I） 总分关系+ 词汇复现2 3 4 5 D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with. A. We should also try to sleep well the night before. B. It’s also as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick. D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories. E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea. G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice. 7.Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.___71____. (From 2017北京卷） 并列关系+ 句式结构 C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick A. This can affect your work. B. So how should you motivate yourself? C.However, this could not discourage you. D.So why should we try to set specific goals? E. They can change according to circumstances. F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G.Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it. 8.Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump? ” This is what motivation or lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin.______ Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided. (From 2019全国课标卷II） 解释关系+ 词汇复现G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it A. This can affect your work. B. So how should you motivate yourself? C.However, this could not discourage you. D.So why should we try to set specific goals? E. They can change according to circumstances. F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G.Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it. 9.Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough.__40___ You should reassess your goal, and motivate yourself set a fresh goal.(From 2019全 国课标卷II） 转折关系+代词 C. However, this could not discourage you. 题型解读 题型解读： 说明文为主 解题步骤 文章-段落-选项 -复验 解题关键 抓住语篇和段落 解题技巧 词汇衔接 逻辑衔接 Summary 解题技巧应该在明确文章主题、 理清文章的逻辑和结构的基础 上使用，任何脱离文章本身的 方法都只时“治标”不“治本” Thanks For Your listening