巧用逻辑关系和思维
导图解七选五
Lead-in
Supposing you are teachers, which sentence
will you choose as a choice of gap-filling?
Explanation
Parallel and
Progressive
Cause
and Effect
Contrast
Logic relations
You can hide a message by having the first letters of
each word spell it out. __________, the first letters
of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the
hidden message “Meet me.”
Explanation
For example
explanation
解释例证关系常用词
in fact，
in other words ，
or rather（更确切的说)
that is (to say)
as a matter of fact ,
actually ,
for example ,
for instance, etc.
Rule 1
Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain
that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood
glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals
that are good for your brain. 1 .
A. But don't worry if your schedule isn't filled with life-changing events.
B. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.
C. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your
brain.
D. It means that you should take advantage of your body.
Explanation
Approach money lessons with openness and honesty. ____3____ If
you must say no to a child’s request to spend money, explain, “You
have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request is for many
different things, say. “You have to make a choice between this toy
and that toy.”
A. Tell your child why he can or cannot have certain things.
B. Permit the child to choose between them.
C. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave
the toy store.
D. Inform your child not to pick up some things.
Explanation
________ Second, your notes are excellent
materials to refer to when you are studying for a test.
C．First, the simple act of writing something
down makes it easier for you to understand and
remember it.
Parallel and
Progressive
Parallel and
Progressive
并列常用关系词：and;
some, others, still others;
first, second, third…;
not only…but also;
for one thing, for another......
Rule 2
furthermore; moreover;
what’ s more; in addition
…
递进常用关系词：
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants,
flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about
using gardening methods that require less water and fewer
fertilizers. 1 However, there are a number of other reasons
that might explain why you want to garden...
E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G. And others have no idea of outdoor garden.
Parallel and
Progressive
After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the
Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By
mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. 32
They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became the
hottest thing on the pop music scene in England.
A: They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B: Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
Parallel and
Progressive
Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore,
_______.
E. Because they’ve been too badly hurt and they
can’t bear to let it happen again.
Cause and Effect
Cause and Effect
因果关系连接词：
because，so,
therefore, thus, hence；
consequently，
as a result;
accordingly; so/
such...that…...
Rule 3
It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend
with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and
finally you may lose your friend. 1 The best friendships are the ones
that grow naturally.
A. Making new friends comes easy for some people.
B. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.
C. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.
D. Thus, good friendship came to visit you.
Cause and
Effect
8. This is because some people possess certain
qualities, which others do not.
A. Some people succeed, while others may not
B. As the famous saying goes, “No pains, no gains.”
Cause and
Effect
40 instead, it’s a healthy way to work through
the experience to allow room for positive growth
and forgiveness.
G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean
you’re ignoring what happened.
Contrast
Contrast
转折对比常用关系词：
but, however, yet , nevertheless, still, ,
whereas, by contrast ，on the contrary,
in comparison， instead , otherwise,
if not， etc.
带感情色彩的副词:
unfortunately, luckily, surprisingly, etc.
Rule 4
7. However, the real movie capital is
Mumbai(孟买市), in India.
A. Sometimes they even write the script
by hand.
B. Most people think that the capital of the
movie world is Hollywood, in the USA.
C. Mainly, people would like to see a film for some
purposes.
Contrast
Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal – or at least
many parts of it have. 1 . Ideas about social class – whether a person is
“working - class” or “middle - class” – are one area in which changes have
been extremely slow.
A. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where
attitudes are concerned.
B. Such changes could be apparent in the whole society.
C. Various persons can find their positions there.
Contrast
Tell the logical relations between the sentences.
Self-image includes the way you
look, 1) the way you act and the way you talk.
2)However, our self-images are often quite
different from the images others hold about us.
3)In fact, most of these images are more
negative than they should be. 4)Thus changing
the way you think about yourself is the key to
changing your self-image.
1) Self-image includes the way you
look, 2)the way you act and the way you talk.
Parallel and
Progressive
3)However, our self-images are often quite
different from the images others hold about us.
Contrast
4)In fact, most of these images are more
negative than they should be. 5)Thus changing
the way you think about yourself is the key to
changing your self-image.
Explanation
Cause and
Effect
structural choices
headlines
topic sentences
at the beginning in the
middle
in the
end
connection
link
conclusion
parallel and
progressive
cause
and
effect
contrast explanation
Fresh air
1.
fresh air is
good for you
introduction
(Para.1)
benefits
(Para.2-4)
life-giving，
energizing
oxygen
to your
muscles and
your brain
2.
cleans our lungs
4. being in
nature
refreshes
us
greenery is
beneficial
to recovery
body will
learn to
breathe
more deeply
natural
world and
healing
3. recovery
centers build
Healing Gardens
a great feeling of
peace
5. sunlight
get enough
Vitamin D
Type 1:
Linear Chart
Para.2
Para.5
Para.4
Keep your
sleep/wake schedule
on weekends.
Keep a record and evaluate
it weekly.
Find right
motivation
________________________.
Para.1
Introduction
Para.3
the key lies in
resetting a body clock
_________________
_________________
Type 2:
Fishbone Chart
sleeping in on Saturday
could sound wonderful
but compensate on the
weekends feeds into your
sleepiness the following
week
____________________
____________________
keep track
take a look
__________________________
__________________________
If not, look at other methods
set out clothes, shoes and bags
save a quarter-hour
bought a coffee maker with a timer
Rethink and re-arrange
mornings.
So stick to your set
bedtime and wake-up
time.
If the steps you take are
working, keep it up.
There are some
tips to reset a
body clock.
Business
most
businesses
organizations
(Para.1)
management
(Para.2)
make a
profit
planning
3. G direction
one
5.A control
1.D some
businesses
none
profits
2.C examples
of noneprofit
businesses
4.E the
second
the
third
Contrast Parallel and
Progressive
Explanation
Explanation
Parallel and
Progressive
Thank you
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