2021 届高考英语一轮复习易错题型专训（2）
阅读理解---概括主旨大意类
1.A machine that takes sweat-laden (浸满汗水的) clothes and turns the sweat into drinking
water is in use in Sweden. The machine makes the clothes turn round quickly, heats them to
remove the sweat, and then passes the steam through a kind of special material to make purified
water.
Since it has been brought into use, its creators say more than 1000 people have drunk others’
“sweat” in Gothenburg. They add the liquid is cleaner than local tap water.
The device was built for the United Nations’ child-focused charity UNICEF to promote a
campaign highlighting the fact that 780 million people in the world lack access to clean water.
The machine was designed and built by the engineer Andreas Hammar, known locally for
his appearances on TV tech show “Mekatronik”. He said the key part of the sweat machine was a
new water purification part developed by a company named HVR.
“It uses a technique called membrane distillation (膜蒸馏),” he told the BBC. “We use a
special kind of material that only lets steam through but keeps bacteria, salts, clothing fibers and
other things out. They have something similar to the International Space Station, but our machine
is cheaper to build. The amount of water it produces depends on how sweaty the person is, but one
person’s T-shirt typically produces 10ml, about a mouthful.”
The device has been put on show at the Gothia Cup-the world’s largest international youth
football tournament. Mattias Ronge, chief executive of Stockholm-based advertising agency
Deportivo, said the machine had helped raise awareness for UNICEF, but in reality had its
limitations.
“People haven’t produced as much sweat as we hoped – right now the weather in
Gothenburg is lousy,” Mattias Ronge said. “So we’ve equipped the machine with exercise bikes
and volunteers are cycling like crazy. Even so, the demand for sweat is greater than the supply.
And the machine will never be produced in large numbers, since there are better solutions out
there such as water purifying pills.”
1.Which of the following is the disadvantage of the sweat machine?
A.The amount of water the machine produces is rather limited.
B.It takes too long for the machine to produce water.
C.It costs a large amount of money to build the machine.
D.The water processed by the machine is not clean enough.
2.UNICEF is mentioned in the text to ________.
A.show how the sweat machine works B.show the importance of the United Nations
C.explain why the sweat machine was invented D.tell us who invented the sweat machine
3.What did Mattias Ronge think of the sweat machine?
A.It could only be used in summer. B.It was not worth popularizing.
C.It did not work at all. D.The water it produced tasted sweet.
4.The text is written mainly to tell us that ___________.
A.780 million people in the world lack access to clean water
B.a machine which turns sweat into drinking water is invented
C.a better solution to purifying dirty water is discovered
D.the pill which turns dirty water into clean water is produced
2.Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there
has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by
hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech
independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world
had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their
languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade,
industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory
education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have
caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and
Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is
hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by
many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only
around 200 languages; the Americas about1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps
3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数)
of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer
people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with
only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),
Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in
Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A.They developed very fast. B.They were large in number.
C.They had similar patterns D.They were closely connected.
2.Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?
A.Complex B.Advanced. C.Powerful D.Modern.
3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?
A.About 6,800 B.About 3,400 C.About 2,400 D.About 1,200
4.What is the main idea of the text?
A.New languages will be created.
B.People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C.Human development results in fewer languages.
D.Geography determines language evolution.
3.It cannot be denied that we all want to succeed, whether it is in losing weight or learning
the guitar. For those who have tried and failed, success seems difficult to understand. Why does
one person succeed where another person fails? I have made a list of four habits to help set goals
and achieve them.
Identify your core values
Finding your core values is in line with creating inner motivation. Sit and reflect on what
you value most. Pick a handful of things and actually write them down. Remind yourself of your
values every day, and reflect on whether you are honoring those values through your work.
Pick a goal and focus on it
Choose one goal to start something large enough that will give you a sense of
accomplishment, while adjusting well to your core values. Focus is key here. The more focused
you are on one goal, the higher chance you have of success.
If you perform a great many tasks at a time, you might never complete your projects because
they will take far too long.
Set a deadline for success
To set a date or deadline for success is meaningful and necessary. Identify when you hope to
achieve your goal. Keep it realistic, while not giving you too much time. By setting a time limit,
you are making the process more real and planned.
Stick to your goal.
Failure can’t be avoided to some extent when you take risks, by its very definition, the desire
to succeed means you are risking failure. Many people tend to give up far too early. Don’t fall into
this trap! Remember your mindset (心态) earlier. Know it will happen. A failure is merely you
working out the details, and learning what works and what doesn’t. Use failure. Treat it as a good
thing, and march on!
In your lifetime, you have many opportunities to succeed. While in the process you may
encounter (遭遇) plenty of failures, but on condition that you stick to the four habits above, you
will be absolutely successful sooner or later.
1.You would have a better chance to succeed if you _________.
A.reflect on your goal more B.are more concentrated on a goal
C.are more eager to succeed D.try your best to avoid failure
2.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.People are all eager to succeed in life.
B.Realizing core values can make inner motivation.
C.You are bound to succeed if you follow the four habits.
D.failure is sometimes not a bad thing.
3.What does the underlined word “it” in the passage refer to?
A.detail. B.Failure. C.Goal. D.Success.
4.The best title for the passage could be _________.
A.Four Habits to Help You Succeed B.Make the right decision
C.Failure is the mother of success D.Find the core values of success
4.Imagine that you’re the creator and show runner of the newest comedy show on television.
Only it isn’t so popular yet, and your live Studio audience isn’t giving you the big laughs the show
deserves. Do you film the show all over again, hoping that this time the audience will laugh? Or is
there another option for making a joke sound funnier than it was received?
Sweeten(改善) the sound by adding a laugh track! “Sweetening,” or the addition of sound
effects such as laughs, screams, and other audience-produced noises to the audio track of a TV
show, has been used since the 1940s to produce the appearance, or rather the sound, of an engaged
and entertained response to a show’s comedy. Laugh tracks came into existence as not only a
solution, and sometimes replacement, for an unengaged live audience but also as a way to engage
an at-home audience into a more-traditional, public, and theater like experience. Adding a laugh
track to a television show makes the viewers at home feel much less like they’re sitting on a couch
staring at the television screen and much more like they’re in a room full of laughing happy
people to varying degrees of success.
Though the art of sweetening has risen and fallen in popularity over the past 60 years, credit
for its creation and continued use is owed to laugh-track pioneer and sound engineer Charles
Douglass. Douglass was the first to develop, in 1953, a machine for producing “canned laughter”,
accessible at the push of a button or pull of a lever (操纵杆). Despite being artificial, sensibly
edited laugh tracks are found by television studios to bring about a positive audience response, as
their use is usually accompanied by higher ratings and increased audience memory. Though some
television audiences may disagree with the value of the laugh track, the cheerful and repetitive
sound holds a permanent place in the history and future of television comedy.
1.The author uses the first paragraph to .
A.introduce the topic “sweetening” B.seek solutions for the problem
C.point out a way of making comedies D.arouse readers’ interest in comedies
2.What effect does a laugh track produce?
A.The creation of a show. B.Funnier sound in a show,
C.More engaged live audience D.Communication among TV viewers.
3.What’s the author’s attitude towards the use of the laugh track?
A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Neutral (中立的). D.Uncertain,
4.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.The reason for using laugh tracks. B.The brief history of laugh tracks.
C.The development of TV comedies. D.The way to improve television shows.
5.One in fiv e women and one in eight men are becoming more tired and less productive,
according to a new Australian study on mobile phone use.
Led by the Queensland University of Technology in Australia, researchers surveyed 709
mobile phone users across the country aged 18 to 83 and asked them a series of questions based on
a similar study 13 years ago. Identifying a phenomenon “technoference (科技干扰)”, researchers
discovered a significant increase in people blaming their devices for “losing sleep, becoming less
productive and even getting more aches and pains”.
According to the study's lead author Dr Oscar, the issue is so bad that 24 percent of women
and 15 percent of men are now considered to be “problematic mobile phone users”. “When we
talk about technoference we're referring to the everyday intrusions (侵入)and interruptions that
people experience due to mobile phones and their usage,” he said. “Our survey found
technoference had increased among men and women. For example, self-reports relating to the loss
of sleep and productivity showed that these negative outcomes had significantly increased during
the last 13 years. This finding suggests that mobile phones are potentially increasingly affecting
aspects of daytime functioning due to lack of sleep.”
Compared to a 2005 study, “technoference” issues for 18- to 24-year-olds experienced a
surprising 40.9 percent rise, while those aged 25 to 29 also recorded a dramatic increase of 23.5
percent.
Oscar said that with the number of smartphone users around the world expected to surpass
2.5 billion before the end of this year, the problem of "technoference" could get even worse. “The
speed and depth of smartphone take-up makes our population particularly vulnerable to some of
the negative consequences of high mobile phone use,” he said. “Rapid technological innovations
have led to dramatic changes in today's mobile phone technology, which can improve the quality
of life for phone users but also result in some negative outcomes.”
1.How are people affected by technoference according to the text?
A.It makes people addicted to communicating online.
B.It pushes people to work at a fast pace.
C.It causes people to sleep less at night.
D.It brings negative outcomes to people of all ages.
2.Which group are most influenced by smartphones?
A.Young women. B.Young mea. C.Children. D.Seniors.
3.What does the underlined word "vulnerable" in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A.Widely spread. B.Deeply devoted. C.Easily hurt. D.Absolutely
accustomed.
4.What does the text mainly talk about?
A.The increasing side effects of smartphones. B.Ways to solve technoference problem.
C.Smartphones and people's happiness. D.The popularity of smartphones.
6.Sometimes we may find that every week there are a lot of new stories about how climate
change is affecting the planet, or new plans to battle its effects. But the concept itself isn’t new at
all — in fact, scientists have been exploring questions about climate change for almost 200 years.
The idea of “greenhouse gases” goes back to 1824, when Joseph Fourier wondered what was
regulating the earth’s temperature. Fourier concluded that the atmosphere must be responsible for
containing the heat absorbed from the sun and described it as a box with a glass lid: As light
shines through the glass, the inside gets warmer as the lid traps the heat. As Fourier’s ideas spread,
it came to be called “the greenhouse effect”.
Scientists continued to study the greenhouse effect. Not until a Swedish chemist named
Svante Arrhenius came along, did scientists understand how global warming actually works. After
years of work, Arrhenius determined that the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere did in fact
have a direct effect on global temperatures.
Arrhenius found that CO2, and other gases trap radiation, which warms the atmosphere.
Arrhenius was the first to suspect that burning coal could contribute to the greenhouse effect. But
Arrhenius welcomed the warming effect on the planet. At a lecture later that year, Arrhenius noted
that creatures of a warmer earth “might live under a milder sky and in less barren surroundings”.
While Arrhenius’ findings won him the 1903 Nobel Prize in chemistry, scientists kept
debating whether the greenhouse effect was increasing until 1950, when researchers finally began
to find strong data supporting it. By the end of the 1950s, American scientists had been sounding
the alarm on the long-term consequences of climate change. Climate change research has come a
long way since Fourier first described the greenhouse effect — still, maybe Arrhenius should have
been more careful of what he wished for.
1.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.The climate change. B.The greenhouse effect.
C.The atmosphere. D.The heat from the sun.
2.When did the scientists first find evidence for the bad effect of global warming?
A.In 1824. B.In 1903. C.In 1950. D.200 years ago.
3.What’s the author’s attitude towards Arrhenius’ wish?
A.Optimistic. B.Negative. C.Neutral. D.Ambiguous.
4.What’s the main idea of the text?
A.Causes of climate change. B.Effects of greenhouse gases.
C.Findings about global warming. D.Explorations on climate change.
7. A new study has found the amount of antibiotics (抗生素) given to farm animals is expected
to increase by two-thirds over the next 15 years. Researchers are linking the growing dependence
on the drugs to the increasing need for meat, milk and eggs. However, the drugs could quicken
the development of antibiotic-resistant infections ( 感 染 ). Such infections are already a major
public, health concern in the United States.
The World Health Organization notes that when people stop living in poverty (贫困), the first
thing they want to do is eat better, rather than earn more money. For most people, that means their
diet should contain more meat. With the rapid development of Asia, people there are eating nearly
four times as much meat, milk and other milk products as they did 50 years ago.
To meet the need, farmers have put many animals into smaller spaces. As the animals are
crowded together, the easiest way to deal with some of the problems of crowding is to give them
antibiotics. It's clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in a crowded environment and grow
faster. But bacteria can develop resistance to the drugs gradually.
Nowadays, doctors find antibiotics that once worked against the infections no longer work. The
bacteria have learned ways to fight against the drugs. The heavy use of antibiotics in animals is
responsible for the growth of antibiotic resistance worldwide. In the United States, at least two
million people get drug-resistant infections each year and at least 23,000 die from an infection.
Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth. And the United States is
hoping to persuade farmers to stop using antibiotics for that purpose.
(1).What accounts for the increasing amount of antibiotics given to farm animals?
A.The desire for new drugs. B.The less effective antibiotics.
C.The outdated farm technology. D.The need for more various foods.
(2).What do most people want to do first when they get rid of poverty according to the WHO?
A.Make a lot of money. B.Focus more on health.
C.Have more meat in their diet. D.Live in a better environment.
(3).What can be inferred from the passage?
A.Antibiotics do harm to animals. B.Antibiotics help animals stay healthy.
C.Antibiotics are used heavily in Europe. D.Antibiotic-resistant bacteria spread to people.
(4).What's the passage mainly about?
A.A new way of raising farm animals. B.The advantages of using antibiotics.
C.The reason for banning the use of antibiotics. D.The negative effect of antibiotics in farm
animals.
8. Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People
settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and
trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over
300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop
slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896,
Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野).But gold was discovered there in 1897, and
two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.
Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People
went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up
icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without
warning. An avalanche (雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to
Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug
for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.
But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and
wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The
city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard
there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.
Today, people still come and go—to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now
the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762.
(1).What attracted the early settlers to New York City?
A.Its business culture. B.Its small population.
C.Its geographical position. D.Its favourable climate.
(2).What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?
A.Two-thirds of them stayed there. B.One out of five people got rich.
C.Almost everyone gave up. D.Half of them died.
(3).What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?
A.They found the city too crowded. B.They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.
C.They were unable to stand the winter. D.They were short of food.
(4).What is the text mainly about?
A.The rise and fall of a city. B.The gold rush in Canada.
C.Journeys into the wilderness. D.Tourism in Dawson.
答案以及解析
1.答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.B
解析：1.推理判断题.根据最后一段
"So we've equipped the machine with exercise bikes and volunteers are cycling like crazy.Even so,
the demand for sweat is greater than the supply.所以我们装备健身自行车,志愿者疯狂的骑自行
车.即便如此,汗水的需求大于供给可知.因为人们并没有分泌出很多的汗水,所以这种机器净
化出的水的数量也很少.故选 A.
2.推理判断题.根据文章第三段
The device was built for the United Nations'child-focused charity UNICEF to promote a campaign
highlighting the fact that 780 million people in the world lack accessto clean water.可知这台装
置是为了联合国的慈善机构 UNICEF 而设计的,目的是为了提高人们对于清洁水源的保护.所
以提到 UNICEF 就是为了解释设计这一机器的原因.故 C 正确.
3.推理判断题.根据最后一句
And the machine will never be produced in large numbers,since there are better solutions out there
such as water purifying pills 可知 Mattias Ronge 认为这种机器不可能被大量生产,因为有比它
更好的处理净化水的方法,这种机器不值得推广.故 B 项正确.
4.主旨大意题.本文介绍了一种能够把人的汗水变成清洁的饮用水的机器的工作原理以及人
们对这一机器的看法;故选 B.
2.答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.B; 4.C
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的 When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers...
they spoke perhaps. 12,000 languages between them.可知,在狩猎时代虽然人口很少,但语言种
类很多。
2.词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句中的 increasingly taking over 意为"越来越占据统治地位",
可知 dominant 意为"占优势的;占支配地位的",与 C 项同义。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句 The median number of speakers is a mere 6,000, which
means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.以及第四段第一句中
的 the total of 6,800 languages 可知答案为 B。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲述随着人类社会的发展,语言的种类越来越少,故 C
项为正确答案。
3.答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.事实细节题。由 Pick a goal and focus on it 部分的 The more focused you are on one goal,
the higher chance you have of success.可知与 B 项一致。
2.推理判断题。A、B、D 都可以从原文中推断出来。而 C 项错就错在 are bound to(一定会,
必然),根据文章可知,遵循了文章提到的四个习惯会成功,但由文章最后两段可知,也有看能会
失败的。故 C 项错误。
3.词义猜测题。由 it 所在段落 Failure can’t be avoided to some extent when you take risks, by its
very definition, the desire to succeed means you are risking failure.可知有的时候,失败总是不可
避免的,所以 Remember your mindset earlier.(早一点有这种会失败的心态),那么当失败真正到
来的时候,不会太过沮丧和一蹶不振。所以 Know it will happen.理应就是指:要知道失败可能
会发生。而下一句 A failure is merely you…一直到段尾都是讲述关于失败的内容。故选 B 符
合上下语境。
4.主旨大意题。根据首段的最后一句 I have made a list of four habits to help set goals and
achieve them.可知,本文作者主要给读者提供了四个帮助取得成功的好习惯。符合 A 项。B 项
文不对题;C 和 D 项过于片面。
4.答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.推理判断题.根据第一段中 Do you film the show all over again, hoping that this time the
audience will laugh? Or is there another option for making a joke sound funnier than it was
received?和第二段第一句 Sweeten(改善) the sound by adding a laugh track! 可知你是希望这
一次观众会笑,把整个节目都拍一遍吗?还是有别的办法让一个笑话听起来比收到的更有趣?
通过添加笑料来增加声音的亲和力!由此可见,作者用第一段来引入本文话题"sweetening".故
选 A.
2.推理判断题.根据第二段中"Sweetening," or the addition of sound effects such as laughs,
screams, and other audience-produced noises to the audio track of a TV show, has been used since
the 1940s to produce the appearance, or rather the sound, of an engaged and entertained response
to a show's comedy.可知甜蜜",或者在电视节目的音频轨上添加一些声音效果,如笑声、尖叫声
和其他观众产生的噪音,从 20 世纪 40 年代起就被用来制作一个对一个节目的喜剧有兴趣和
娱乐性的反应的外观,或者更确切地说是声音.由此可见,笑声声带在一场表演中会带来更有
趣的声音.故选 B.
3.推理判断题.根据最后一段最后一句 Though some television audiences may disagree with the
value of the laugh track, the cheerful and repetitive sound holds a permanent place in the history
and future of television comedy.可知尽管有些电视观众可能不同意笑轨的价值,但欢乐和重复
的声音在电视喜剧的历史和未来中占有永久的地位.由此可见,作者对笑声声带的态度是肯定
的.故选 B.
4.主旨大意题.根据第二段中 Adding a laugh track to a television show makes the viewers at
home feel much less like they're sitting on a couch staring at the television screen and much more
like they're in a room full of laughing happy people to varying degrees of success.可知在电视节
目中添加一个笑纹会让家里的观众感觉更不像是坐在沙发上盯着电视屏幕看,更像是坐在一
个充满欢笑的人的房间里,取得了不同程度的成功.由此可见,本文谈论的是使用笑声声带的
原因.故选 A.
5.答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.C; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题.根据文章第二段 Identifying a phenomenon "technoference (科技干扰)",
researchers discovered a significant increase in people blaming their devices for "losing sleep,
becoming less productive and even getting more aches and pains",可知,人们受到技术参考的影
响,导致人们晚上睡眠不足.故选 C.
2.细节理解题,根据文章第三段的句子 According to the study's lead author Dr. Oscar, the issue
is so bad that 24 percent of women and 15 percent of men are now considered to be "problematic
mobile phone users".可知,年轻女士受到智能手机影响最大.故选 A.
3.词义猜测题.根据文章划线词的句子 The speed and depth of smartphone take-up makes our
population particularly vulnerable to some of the negative consequences of high mobile phone use
智能手机使用的速度和深度使我们的人口特别容易受到高手机使用率的一些负面影响,可
知,"vulnerable" 意为"脆弱的,容易受伤的"意思.故选 C.
4.主旨大意题,根据文章最后一段的内容 Oscar said that with the number of smartphone users
around the world expected to surpass 2.5 billion before the end of this year, the problem of
"technoference" could get even worse.可知,文章主要介绍智能手机的副作用.故选 A.
6.答案：1.C; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D
解析：1.词义指代题.根据第二段"Fourier concluded that the atmosphere must be responsible for
containing the heat absorbed from the sun and described it as a box with a glass lid: As light
shines through the glass, the inside gets warmer as the lid traps the heat"傅里叶得出结论,大气必
须负责吸收太阳吸收的热量,并将其描述为一个有玻璃盖的盒子:当光线穿过玻璃时,由于盖
住了热量,盒子内部变得更热.可知 "it"指的是"大气".故选 C.
2.细节理解题.根据最后一段" By the end of the 1950s, American scientists had been sounding
the alarm on the long-term consequences of climate change. Climate change research has come a
long way since Fourier first described the greenhouse effect - still.到 20 世纪 50 年代末,美国科学
家一直在对气候变化的长期后果发出警告.自从傅里叶第一次描述了温室效应以来,气候变化
研究已经取得了长足的进步".可知科学家是到 20 世纪 50 年代发现全球变暖的负面影响的证
据的.故选 C.
3.推理判断题.根据最后一段"Climate change research has come a long way since Fourier first
described the greenhouse effect - still, maybe Arrhenius should have been more careful of what he
wished for.自从傅里叶第一次描述了温室效应以来,气候变化研究已经取得了长足的进步--尽
管如此,也许阿伦尼乌斯应该更加小心他所希望的."可知作者对阿伦尼乌斯的愿望是反对的.
故选 B.
4.主旨大意题.根据第一段"But the concept itself isn't new at all --- in fact, scientists have been
exploring questions about climate change for almost 200 years.但这一概念本身并不新鲜--事实
上,科学家们研究气候变化问题已经有近 200 年的历史了."可知文章主要介绍了气候变化探
索.故选 D.
7.答案：(1)-(4)DCDD
解析：(1).细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的 A new study has found... Researchers are linking
the growing dependence on the drugs to the increasing need for meat, milk and eggs.可知人们对
更多各种各样食物的需求增长是越来越多的抗生素被注入农场动物的原因。故选 D。
(2).细节理解题。根据第二段中 The World Health Organization notes that when people stop
living in poverty(贫困),the first thing they want to do is eat better, rather than earn more money.
For most people, that means their diet should contain more meat.可知,人们脱离贫困后的第一件
事就是要吃得更好,而对大多数人来说,吃得更好意味着日常饮食中肉的含量更多。故选 C。
(3).推理判断题。由倒数第二段中 The heavy use of antibiotics... at least 23,000 die from an
infection.可知,抗生素在动物身上的大量使用导致世界范围内抗生素耐药性的增长。在美国
每年至少有两百万人感染了抗药性传染病,每年至少有23,000 人死于感染,也就是抗药性细菌
扩散到了人身上,故选 D。
(4).主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了抗生素滥用的危害以及部分国家对抗生素的限制,故选 D。
8.答案：(1)-(4)CBBA
解析：(1).推理判断题。题干句意:是什么吸引那些早期定居者来到纽约市的呢?根据第一段
第三句话(例如纽约市,它在哈得孙河的河口的一个大港口附近。)并结合第四句可知,这个优
越的地理位置使得纽约市的人口在 300 年的时间里从 800 增长到 800 万。所以答案为 C 项:
它的地理位置。A 项:它的贸易文化。B 项:它的稀少的人口。D 项:它的宜人气候。这三项原
文均未提及。
(2).细节理解题。题干句意:对那些第一批到达道森市淘金的人我们了解到了什么?根据第二
段倒数第二句话(在第一批淘金的 20,000 人中,有 4,000 人富了起来。)可知有五分之一的人富
了起来,故 B 项正确。
(3).推理判断题。题干句意:很多人离开道森的主要原因是什么?根据第三段第四句话第一个
逗号后的部分(当他们听说在阿拉斯加州发现了新的金矿后,他们就像当初匆忙来道森市一
样,又匆忙离开了这里)可推断出这些人匆匆忙忙离开这里去阿拉斯加州淘金去了,又去碰运
气看能不能变富。B 项“他们想去别的地方碰运气。”与原文意思相符。A 项:他们觉得这个城
市太拥挤了。C 项:他们无法忍受这里的冬天。D 项:他们缺少食物。这三项与原文不符。
(4).主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句话提出观点:一个城市之所以矗立在那里是有充分的原因
的。后文以两个城市为例来论证这个观点。纽约市的兴起是因为它优越的地理位置。道森市
的兴起是因为这里发现了金矿,而这座城市的衰落是因为这里没有了金矿。由此可知本文主
要描述了一个城市的兴起和衰落及其背后的原因。这与 A 项相符。B 项:加拿大的淘金热。
C 项:踏进荒野的旅程。D 项:道森的旅游业。这三项都不是主题。
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