2021届高三英语长难句&高频词汇练习（五） 含答案

第 5 讲 第一节 长难句 练与讲 1. The battery-powered vehicle, which moves at a regular walking pace, ___________(program) to avoid pedestrians, animals, and unexpected obstacles, such as garbage cans. 【答案】The battery-powered vehicle, which moves at a regular walking pace, has been programmed to avoid pedestrians, animals, and unexpected obstacles, such as garbage cans. 2. A study of the University of Oxford study recently found that, ___________（keep） global warming below 2 degrees this century, we need to be eating 75% less beef and 90% less pork. 【答案】A study of the University of Oxford study recently found that, to keep global warming below 2 degrees this century, we need to be eating 75% less beef and 90% less pork. 3. However, studies found that even if delivery meal kits reduced food waste to zero, they would still use up more energy overall___________ buying the same food from the supermarket ___________ the energy used for the meal kit packaging was cut by a fifth. 【答案】However, studies found that even if delivery meal kits reduced food waste to zero, they would still use up more energy overall than buying the same food from the supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kit packaging was cut by a fifth. 4. Before asking questions about the course design, ___________(read) the syllabus（教学大纲） and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn’t hiding in plain sight. 【答案】Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus（教学大纲） and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn’t hiding in plain sight. 5. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, ___________ additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance. 【答案】Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance. 6. Such techniques include visualizing the information in a surprising way ___________ linking pieces of information together so that on remind you of the ___________. 【答案】Such techniques include visualizing the information in a surprising way or linking pieces of information together so that on remind you of the other. 7. Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real ___________metaphorical（比喻）, they won’t hesitate to open them and walk through. 第 1 页 共 8 页 【答案】Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical（比喻）, they won’t hesitate to open them and walk through. 8. As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction” run ___________ the Italian police where things found on the trains ___________(sell) to the highest bidder. 【答案】As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction” run by the Italian police where things found on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. 9. During the long trip home, ___________(follow) a weekend of hunting, Ehlers thought about the small dog he___________(see) trembling alongside the road. 【答案】During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting, Ehlers thought about the small dog he had seen trembling alongside the road. 10. The class experiment that day was ___________(show) how heating a container of water would bring air bubbling to the surface. 【答案】The class experiment that day was to show how heating a container of water would bring air bubbling to the surface. 第 2 页 共 8 页 第 5 讲 第二节 高频词汇辨析 1．He was found guilty. _______ he lost the job and was accused of incompetence. A．In case B．As a consequence C．After all D．In a row 【答案】B 【详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：他被判有罪。结果，他丢了工作，被指责为无能。A. In case 万一；B. As a consequence 结果，因此；C. After all 毕竟；D. In a row 成一排。结合上下文语境可知，被判有罪的结果是 丢了工作，应用 as a consequence。故选 B。 2．He gave him a new name to hide his _______ when he went to carry out the secret task. A．emotion B．talent C．identity D．devotion 【答案】C 【详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他去执行秘密任务时，他给了他一个新名字来隐藏他的身份。A. emotion 情 感；B. talent 才能；C. identity 身份；D. devotion 奉献。结合上文 He gave him a new name to hide his 可知给 新名字是为了隐藏身份的。故选 C。 3．Surely it doesn’t matter where the student associations get their money from; what _______ is what they do with it. A．applies B．stresses C．functions D．counts 【答案】D 【详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，学生协会的钱从哪里来并不重要；重要的是他们用这些钱做什么。A. applies 申请；B. stresses 强调；C. functions 运行；D. counts 重要。结合上文 it doesn’t matter where the student associations get their money from 可知表示学生协会的钱从哪里来并不重要；重要（counts）的是他们用这 些钱做什么。故选 D。 4．The young athlete hurt his foot in the race. _______, he missed the chance to get the gold medal. A．Consequently B．Unfortunately C．Absolutely D．Interestingly 【答案】A 【详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位年轻运动员在比赛中伤了脚。因此，他失去了获得金牌的机会。A. 第 3 页 共 8 页 Consequently 结果，因此；B. Unfortunately 不幸地；C. Absolutely 绝对地；D. Interestingly 有趣地。结合上 下文语境，在比赛中受了伤，因此（Consequently），失去了获得金牌的机会。故选 A。 5．The characterization of this rule's impact is ，to say the least,the critical point for present purposes is put forward. A．controversial B．consistent C．contemporary D．conservative 【答案】A 【详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这条规则的影响的描述是有争议的，至少可以说，提出了当前目的的关键点。 A. controversial 有争议的；引起争论的；B. consistent 始终如一的；持续的；C. contemporary 同时代的；当 代的；D. conservative 保守的；守旧的。根据句意可知，此处用“有争议的”符合语境，故选 A 项。 6．I think it's high time you made up your mind to choose a(n) ________. A．ambition B．carrier C．employment D．career 【答案】D 【详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为是你下定决心选择一份事业的时候了。A. ambition 野心；B. carrier 载 体；C. employment 使用，职业，指受雇于他人，领取工资以谋生计，并且是比较固定的工作。D. career 职业，事业，指某种经过特殊训练，而又为之献身的终生事业，带有崇高色彩。此处结合上文 you made up your mind to choose 语境可知是指选择一份事业，应用 career。故选 D。 7．The government has devoted a large slice of its national _________ to agriculture. A．budget B．arrangement C．bonus D．economy 【答案】A 【详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府将其国家预算的很大一部分用于农业。A. budget 预算；B. arrangement 安 排；C. bonus 奖金；D. economy 经济。根据上文 The government has devoted a large slice of its national 可知 是指政府将其国家预算（budget）的很大一部分用于农业。故选 A。 8．Chinese arts have won the ______ of a lot of people outside China. A．enjoyment B．appreciation C．entertainment D．application 【答案】B 【详解】 第 4 页 共 8 页 考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国的艺术赢得了国外很多人的欣赏。A．enjoyment 愉快；B．appreciation 欣 赏；C．entertainment 娱乐；D．application 申请。根据句意和句中动词 won 可知，中国的艺术应该是被外 国人所欣赏的，故应是赢得了很多外国人的欣赏。故选 B 项。 9．But for her mother's sudden illness, she would never think of breaking this ___ with you. A．appointment B．schedule C．arrangement D．interview 【答案】A 【详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：要不是她妈妈突然生病了，她绝没想到会和你失约的。A．appointment 约会； B．schedule 日程安排；C．arrangement 安排；D．interview 访谈。分析句子可知，本句涉及固定短语 break this appointment，意为“失约”，符合句意。故选 A 项。 10．The young man had no____ for hard work． A．appetite B．taste C．joy D．enjoyment 【答案】A 【详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个年轻人对艰苦的工作没有兴趣。A. appetite 嗜好； B. taste 品味；C. joy 欢乐； D. enjoyment 享受。根据句意，可知这里意思是这个年轻人对艰苦的工作没有兴趣，have no appetite for 对……没有兴趣，故选 A。 11．The environmentalists said wild goats’ _______ on the vast grassland was a good indication of the better environment. A．escape B．absence C．attendance D．appearance 【答案】D 【详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：环保人士说，野山羊在广阔的草原上的出现是环境好转的一个良好迹象。A. escape 逃走；B. absence 缺席；C. attendance 出席；D. appearance 出现，外貌。根据后文 on the vast grassland was a good indication of the better environment 可知野山羊在广阔的草原上的出现（appearance）是环境好转的一个 良好迹象。故选 D。 12．It is through learning that the individual _____ many habitual ways of reacting to situations. A．instructs B．accumulates C．achieves D．acquires 【答案】D 第 5 页 共 8 页 【详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：正是通过学习，个人获得了许多应对情况的习惯性方法。A. instructs 命令；B. accumulates 累积；C. achieves 实现；D. acquires 获得。根据后文 many habitual ways of reacting to situations 可知指通过学习，个人获得（acquires）了许多应对情况的习惯性方法。故选 D。 13．Do you think Americans can’t eat spicy food? If so, you are ________ correct. A．but for B．in the least C．in particular D．far from 【答案】D 【详解】 考查固定短语的辨析。句意：你认为美国人不能吃辣的食物吗? 如果是的话，那你就错了。A.but for 要不 是...； B.in the least 一点；丝毫； C.in particular 尤其；特别；D.far from 远离；远非；完全不。根据句意 及各选项的释义可知答案为 D。 14．Some new degree courses will be carried out the current ones，so that students can gain success more easily. A．in respect to B．in terms of C．in contrary to D．in parallel to 【答案】D 【详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：一些新的学位课程将与现有的课程同步进行，这样学生就可以更容易地获得成 功。A. in respect to 关于； B. in terms of 在……方面；从……角度看；根据……来说； C. in contrary to 与……形成对照；D. in parallel to 与……同步。根据句意此处用固定短语 in parallel to “与……同步”符 合语境，故选 D 项。 15．He found it a great ___________ to be invited to such a grand occasion attended by the top celebrities and nobles in the town. A．obligation B．privilege C．advantage D．opportunity 【答案】B 【详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：他发现被邀请参加如此盛大的场合是一件很大的荣幸，镇上的顶级名人和贵族都出 席了这次盛会。A. obligation 义务；责任；B. privilege 特权；荣幸；C. advantage 有利条件；D. opportunity 机会。根据下文 such a grand occasion attended by the top celebrities and nobles in the town.可知，参加这样的 场合是一种荣幸。故选 B。 第 6 页 共 8 页 16．Some financial experts warned that “investors should not get ________ by the collapse of the Shanghai Composite Index, because its performance often bears little relation to that of the economy”. A．carried out B．carried away C．carried on D．carried forward 【答案】B 【详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一些金融专家警告称，“投资者不应被上证综指的暴跌冲昏头脑，因为上证综 指的表现往往与中国经济的表现无关。”A. carried out 实施；贯彻；B. carried away 带着；冲昏……的头脑； C. carried on 继续；D. carried forward 发扬光大。根据下文 because its performance often bears little relation to that of the economy 可推断，投资者不要被上证综指的暴跌冲昏头脑。故选 B。 17．The Chinese men's relay team worked miracle in Bird's Nest Stadium when they ___________ a historic 4x100m relay silver medal. A．struggled B．advanced C．defended D．captured 【答案】D 【详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：中国男子接力队在鸟巢体育场创造奇迹，历史性地夺得 4x100 米接力银牌。 A .struggled 挣扎；B .advanced 前进；C .defended 防护；D .captured 夺得，赢得。根据空后 a historic 4x100m relay silver medal.可知，空处需用 captured，表示历史性地夺得 4x100 米接力银牌。故选 D。 18．A new food scandal has erupted, threatening to spoil the________ of McDonald's, Starbucks and Yum Brands. A．expectation B．reputation C．competition D．temptation 【答案】B 【详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一宗新的食品丑闻已经爆发了，带来巨大的威胁，它或将破坏麦当劳、星巴克 和百胜餐饮的声誉。A. expectation 期待，期望；B. reputation 声誉，名誉；C. competition 竞争，比赛；D. temptation 诱惑，引诱。根据 A new food scandal has erupted 可知，行业丑闻的曝光、爆发会严重破坏 企业的声誉，故选 B。 19．The recipe book may tell you to add butter, but for those on a diet, there are a number of low-fat ______ that can be used in this soup. A．alternatives B．selections C．productions D．utensils 【答案】A 【详解】 第 7 页 共 8 页 考查名词辨析。句意：食谱上可能会告诉你要加黄油，但对于那些正在节食的人来说，有许多低脂的替代 品可以用来做这种汤。A. alternatives 选择；B. selections 选择；C. productions 产品；D. utensils 餐具。分析 句子可知，此处表示用黄油和用其他代替品的不同选择，alternative 意为“选择”，表示两者或两者以上之 中的选择；selection 意为“选择”，侧重广泛的选择，着重选择者的判断能力。故选 A 项。 20．The store ______ to refund your money if you are not satisfied with your purchase. A．guarantees B．proposes C．ceases D．threatens 【答案】A 【详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你对你的购买不满意，商店保证退还你的钱。A. guarantees 保证；B. proposes 提议；C. ceases 停止；终止；D. threatens 威胁。商店做出保证，不满意退款。故选 A。