2021届新高考英语押题密卷汇编04 语法填空专题(含答案解析）

第 1 页 共 17 页 2021 年新高考英语押题密卷汇编 04-语法填空专题 （一） 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Taking a gap year before you move into further education is not a new concept, ___36___ now focuses on making the most of this break from academic life. Long gone are the days of just hanging out on a beach or backpacking round the world. While that is still an option, a gap year is now more about gaining skills that ___37___ (help) you in later life. Doing something productive is exactly what students ___38___(encourage)to do because doing more purposeful things like work experience or charity work helps them acquire skills to use when ___39___ (compete) for a place at university. It looks good on their CV and eventually makes them more employable. ___40___ the benefits of taking a gap year, some students worry they can’t afford it. A student, Tom, told the BBC that to him, a gap year was ___41___ ‘alien concept’. He said “it would have been far too expensive and it's not something that I would have been able to rely on my parents or family members for.” But some experts say that it needn’t burn a hole in your pocket; you don’t need to travel far and you can even earn money by doing ___42___(pay) work. For those who do have the funds, a ___43___ (combine) of working, volunteering and travelling is ___44___(doubt) an amazing opportunity. It increases confidence and independence, offers you a chance to learn new crafts, and gives you time to reflect on ____45____ university is right for you. 【答案】36. which 37. will help 38. are encouraged 39. competing 40. Despite 41. an 42. paid 43. combination 44. undoubtedly 45. whether 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在深造之前休学一年来获得对以后生活有帮助的技能，介 绍了在这期间可以从事的一些有益的活动，以及人们对此的看法。 【36 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在你继续深造之前休学一年并不是一个新概念，这一概念如今的重点 是充分利用学术生活中的这段时间。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 concept，且先行 第 2 页 共 17 页 词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词 which 引导，that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。 故填 which。 【37 题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：虽然这也是一种选择，但空档年更多是为了获得对以后生活有帮助的 技能。根据后文“in later life”可知表示将来的动作应用一般将来时。故填 will help。 【38 题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：做一些有成效的事情正是学生们被鼓励去做的，因为做一些更有 目的性的事情，比如工作经验或慈善工作，可以帮助他们获得在大学竞争中要用到技能。根 据上文 is 可知为一般现在时，且从句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应用一般现在时 的被动语态，主语为 students，谓语动词用复数。故填 are encouraged。 【39 题详解】 考查省略句。句意：做一些有成效的事情正是学生们被鼓励去做的，因为做一些更有目的性 的事情，比如工作经验或慈善工作，可以帮助他们获得在大学竞争中要用到的技能。when 引导状语从句时，常省略和主句相同的主语和从句中的 be 动词，结合语境从句为现在进行 时，从句完整为 when(students are) competing for a place at university。故填 competing。 【40 题详解】 考查介词。句意：尽管休空档年有其好处，一些学生担心他们负担不起。结合句意表示“尽 管”应用介词 despite，句首单词首字母要大写。故填 Despite。 【41 题详解】 考查冠词。句意：一位名叫汤姆的学生告诉 BBC，对他来说，空档年是一个“陌生的概念”。 concept 是可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且 alien 是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应 用 an。故填 an。 【42 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：你不需要去很远的地方，你甚至可以通过做有偿工作来赚钱。修饰后文 work，表示“有偿的”应用形容词 paid，作定语。故填 paid。 【43 题详解】 考查名词。句意：对于那些有资金的人来说，工作、志愿服务和旅行的结合无疑是一个惊人 的机会。根据上文冠词 a 可知应填单数名词 combination，作主语。故填 combination。 【44 题详解】 考查副词。句意：对于那些有资金的人来说，工作、志愿服务和旅行的结合无疑是一个惊人 第 3 页 共 17 页 的机会。修饰句子应用副词 undoubtedly。故填 undoubtedly。 【45 题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：它增加了你的自信和独立性，为你提供了一个学习新手艺的机会，并 给你时间来思考大学是否适合你。此处为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示“是否”应用 whether。故填 whether。 （二） 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For many westerners, the cycle rickshaw (人力车) is a___36___(represent) form of transport in Asian, which in fact, most Asian cities have long since abandoned. But in Bangla- desh the cycle rickshaw is as popular as ever in the capital, Dhaka, rickshaws can___37___(see) in every street. Dhaka’s government, however, is pushing ahead with a series of new measures to ban rickshaws. “Dhaka has a traffic problem,” explains the mayor of the northern half of the city. “It is one of the world’s most densely populated___38___(city), and most crowded, which means being caught in traffic jam___39___ (be) common. ”Nearly three hours (working hours) ___40___(estimate) by the World Bank is lost each day, at a cost of billions of dollars each year. For the city’s rickshaw-drivers such concerns seem beside the point. “What am I supposed to do?” asks Abdul Mubin, a 32-year-old driver. “I have mouths_____41_____(feed).” He and thousands of other rickshaw-drivers go on strike___42___the planned ban. The drivers are not the only ones with reason to worry. There are a great number of Dhaka’s passengers, ___43___rely on rickshaws more than any other form of transport. The city has only 8,000 public buses for its 18 million people.___44___(bad) still, these buses do not follow any timetable and the drivers are often not lawful. Next year, the city will ban rickshaws on three main roads. All of Dhaka will be “rickshaw- free” within two years. “Buses will soon be managed,”_____45_____official promises. “And the routes will be able to provide ‘smooth service’”. 【答案】36. representative 37. be seen 38. cities 39. is 40. estimated 第 4 页 共 17 页 41. to feed 42. against 43. who 44. Worse 45. An 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了孟加拉国的交通工具——黄包车的现状。 【36 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：对许多西方人来说，黄包车是亚洲交通的一种代表性形式，事实上，大 多数亚洲城市早就放弃了。黄包车在亚洲是一种很典型的交通方式，此处需要用形容词形式 作定语，修饰 form。故填 representative。 【37 题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：但是在孟加拉国，黄包车是一如既往的流行在首都达卡受欢迎，在每 一条街道都可以看到人力车。在孟加拉国的首都 Dhaka 的每一条街道都可以看到黄包车，黄 包车是被看见，主语 richshaws 与谓语动词 see 是被动关系，此处需要用动词的被动语态， 空格前有情态动词。故填 be seen。 【38 题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：它是世界上人口最稠密的城市之一。名词前面有 one of the +名词复 数，表示“……之一”，此处 city 用复数。故填 cities。 【39 题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：它是世界上人口最稠密的城市之一，也是最拥挤的城市之 一，这意味着陷入交通堵塞是常见的。描述现在的情况用一般现在时，主语动名词短语“being caught in traffic jam”，谓语动词用单数，故用 is。 【40 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：世界银行估计每天损失近三个小时（工作时间），每年损失数十亿 美元。分析可知，谓语动词是 is lost，故 estimate 用非谓语动词形式作定语，修饰主语“Nearly three hours”，二者之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填 estimated。 【41 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我有数张嘴要喂养。have sth. to do 有某事要做，to do 不定式做宾 补。故填 to feed。 【42 题详解】 考查介词。句意：他和上千名黄包车司机进行了罢工，反对计划于七月份实施的那个禁令。 根据句意，此处使用介词 against 表示反对。故填 against。 【43 题详解】 第 5 页 共 17 页 考查定语从句。句意：达卡有大量的乘客，比任何其他形式的运输更依赖人力车。因前句有 逗号且先行词为人，应用 who 引导。故填 who。 【44 题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：更糟糕的是，这些公共汽车不遵循任何时间表，司机往往是不合法的。 worse still“更糟糕的是”。故填 Worse。 【45 题详解】 考查冠词。句意：一名官员许诺。根据句意，此处泛指“一名官员”，应用不定冠词，且 official 以元音音素开头，应用 an。故填 an。 （三） 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 For many young people,going to university is one of the most important 36. (stage) of their lives. It is the time when young people will move out of 37. (they) home to live with other people, often strangers.38. (especial) in the U.S., people often travel very far 39. home to study.It is a time to be 40. (independence). At university, you will 41. (teach) by lecturers and professors who are leading figures in their study.The opportunity to learn from and to discuss with them is 42. drives some people to apply to university. Students are required to choose a major that they wish to study. Apart from the 43. (academy) benefit, life at university also can allow students 44. (develop) their interests in many fields. Therefore,university is a place 45. you attain knowledge, to develop your values and to accept those who may be different. 【答案解析】 语篇解读:对于很多年轻人来说,上大学是人生最重要的阶段之一。大学不只是获取知识的地 方,也是培养价值观和接触不同的人的地方。 答案及剖析: 36.stages 考查名词复数的用法。stage 为可数名词,根据前面的 one of 可知,此处应该用复数 形式。 第 6 页 共 17 页 37.their 考查代词的用法。根据语境可知,此处应该填形容词性物主代词。 38.Especially 考查副词的用法。根据语境可知,此处应该填提示词的副词形式,作状语。 39.from 考查介词的用法。根据语境可知,此处应该填介词 from。far from 意思是“远离……”。 40.independent 考查形容词的用法。根据语境可知,此处应该填提示词的形容词形式。 41.be taught 考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,根据前面的 will 可知, 此处应该用动词原形,由于主语 you 和动词 teach 之间为被动的关系,所以用被动语态。 42.what 考查名词性从句连接词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填一个连接词,引导表 语从句,根据语境填连接代词 what,what 在从句中作主语。 43.academic 考查形容词的用法。根据语境可知,此处应该填提示词的形容词形式,作定语, 修饰名词 benefit。academic 意思是“学术的”。 44.to develop 考查非谓语动词的用法。根据语境可知,此处应该填动词不定式,作宾语补足语。 allow sb.to do sth.意思是“允许某人做某事”。 45.where 考查定语从句中的关系副词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填一个关系词, 引导定语从句,修饰先行词 place,根据语境填关系副词 where,在从句中作状语。 （四） 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Different places have different climates. A desert, for example, ____36____( refer) to as a dry climate because little water falls during the year. In polar regions, however, rising global temperatures ___37___(associate) with climate change mean that ice sheets and glaciers are melting at an accelerated rate from season to season. This contributes to sea level rise in ___38___( difference) regions of the planet. Together with expanding ocean waters due to rising temperatures, the rise in sea level has begun to damage coastlines ___39___ a result of increasing flooding. The cause of current climate change is largely human activities, like burning fossil fuels, ___40___include natural gas, oil, and coal. Burning these materials ___41___( release) greenhouse gases into the Earth’s atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun's rays inside the atmosphere, ___42___(cause) the Earth's average temperature to rise. The warming of the planet impacts local and ____43____( region ) climates. Throughout the Earth's history, climate has 第 7 页 共 17 页 ___44___( continual )changed. When occurring naturally, this is ___45___ slow process that has taken place over hundreds or thousands of years. The human influenced climate change that is happening now is occurring at a much faster rate. 【答案及剖析】: 36. is referred 37. associated 38. different 39. as 40. which 41. releases 42. causing 43. regional 44. continually 45. a 【解析】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了全球气温升高导致海平面上升以及人类活动对气候产生的影响。 【详解】 36.考查动词一般现在时和被动语态。句意：例如，沙漠指的是干燥的气候，因为一年中很 少有降水。本段主体时态为一般现在时, 主语 A desert 不能直接发出 refer to(谈及, 说起)的 动作, 所以此处用被动, be referred to as(被称作, 被认为是)。故填 is referred。 37.考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在极地地区，与气候变化相关的全球气温上升意味着冰 原和冰川每一季都在加速融化。本句已有谓语“mean”, 此处应为非谓语, 所填词作后置定语, 与逻辑主语形成动宾关系。故填 associated。 38.考查形容词。句意：这导致了地球上不同地区的海平面上升。分析句子结构并结合语境 可知, 这导致了地球上不同地区的海平面上升。修饰名词 regions 用形容词，故填 difference 的形容词形式 different。 39.考查介词。句意：再加上气温上升导致海水不断膨胀，海平面上升已经开始因洪水不断 增加而破坏海岸线。as a result of 为固定短语, 意为“因为, 由于”。故填 as。 40.考查定语从句。句意：造成当前气候变化的主要原因是人类活动，比如燃烧化石燃料， 包括天然气、石油和煤炭。分析句子结构可知, 此处考查非限制性定语从句, 先行词为 fossil fuels, 指物, 空格处在从句中作主语。故填 which。 41.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：燃烧这些物质会向地球大气中释放温室气体。单个 的动名词短语作主语, 谓语动词用单数, 本段主体时态为一般现在时。故填 releases。 42.考查非谓语动词。句意：这些气体将来自太阳射线的热量困在大气中，导致地球平均温 度上升。句子主干为 These gases trap heat…, 空格处应用非谓语动词, 此处作主句的结果状 语, 应用现在分词形式。故填 causing。 43.考查形容词。句意：地球变暖影响着当地和区域气候。根据 and 可知, 空格处与 local 并 第 8 页 共 17 页 列, 故用形容词修饰后面的名词 climates。故填 regional。 44.考查副词。句意：纵观地球的历史，气候一直在不断变化。此处用副词修饰动词 changed。 故填 continually。 45.考查冠词。句意：当自然发生时，这是一个缓慢的过程，已经发生了数百年或数千年。 process 是可数名词, 意为“过程, 进程”。此处表示“一个”且 slow 开头是辅音因素，故填不定 冠词 a。 （五） 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For centuries, people dreamed about leaving Earth and travelling to other worlds. Then, in 1957, the Soviet Union 36________(make) the first small step into space 37________ sending up a small satellite called Sputnik. Early space activities were conducted 38________ (main) by the United States and the Soviet Union. But as time went by, Europe and Japan also learned how to build 39________ (they)own satellites and rockets. Today, countries such as China, India, South Korea, Israel and Brazil are also developing space industries. During the last 60 years, unmanned probes(探测器)have been sent towards many of the planets 40________ (exist) in the Solar System. Many space observatories, such as the Hubble Space Telescope, have been created to look at the 41________ (distance) universe. They have sent back some amazing pictures taken in visible(可见的)light. And they can also observe stars that are invisible to human eyes. The flood of 42________ (discovery)has changed the way we look at the universe. More than 500 people have flown in space since Yuri Gagarin paved the way in 1961. 20 people have travelled to the moon, 12 of 43________ have walked on the moon. So far, space stations 44________ (build), and astronauts have learned to live and work in space for many months 45________ even years. 答案： 36. made 37. by 38. mainly 39. their 40. existing/existent 41. distant 42. discoveries 43. whom 第 9 页 共 17 页 44. have been built 45. or 解析： 文章大意:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了太空探索的起源和发展等相关信息。 36. 答案 made 命题透析考查动词时态。思路点拨根据句中的时间状语“in 1957”可知,此处应 该使用一般过去时,因此应该填入所给词的过去式 made。 37. 答案 by 命题透析考查介词。思路点拨此处用 by 表示方式。 38. 答案 mainly 命题透析考查词性转换。思路点拨此处是用于修饰状语,因此应该填人所给 词的副词形式 mainly。 39. 答案 their 命题透析考查代词。思路点拨句意表示“建造它们自己的卫星和火箭”,因此应 该填人所给词的形容词性物主代词 their。 40. 答案 existing/existent 命题透析考查非谓语动词/词性转换。思路点拨分析句子结构可知, 此处是在句中作后置定语修饰 planets,且 planets 和动词 exist 之间是主动关系,因此应该填人 所给词的现在分词 existing 或填其形容词形式。 41. 答案 distant 命题透析考查词性转换。思路点拨句意表示“看遥远的宇宙”,此处是用于修饰 名词 universe,因此应该填人所给词的形容词 distant。 42. 答案 discoveries 命题透析考查名词单复数。思路点拨 discovery 为可数名词,且根据上下 文可知此处指许多发现。 43. 答案 whom 命题透析考查定语从句。思路点拨句意表示“他们中的 12 人……”,此处是一 个非限制性定语从句,先行词是 20 people,且此处是 “ 12 of...”结构,因此应该填入关系代词 whom。 44. 答案 have been built 命题透析考查动词时态、语态主谓一致。思路点拨根据 So far 可知, 可知应该用现在完成时态,且主语 space stations 与 build 之间为被动关系,主语为复数形式,故 填 have been built。 45.答案 or 命题透析考查并列连词。思路点拨此处用并列连词 or 表示选择关系。 （六） 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Celebrities like Olivia Munn，as well as many fashion houses，are among those 36.____ have taken a stand against wearing animal fur.Now ， San Francisco has become the 37._____ (large) city in the USA to ban retailers from selling new fur to their consumers.Thus, 38. 第 10 页 共 17 页 strong message is sent to the fur industry that the 39. (cruel) these animals suffer for the purpose of becoming clothing is not consistent with the values of the city. In 2011 West Hollywood became the first American city 40. (forbid) the sale of new fur items，and Berkeley passed a ban 41. the sale of fur clothes last year.Additionally， in 2000，the UK led that charge, 42. (follow) by Australia in 2004.The Netherlands，the European Union’s largest producer of fur，banned fur farming in 2012.Earlier this month，Norway banned fur farming and fox and mink(貂) farming by 2025. San Francisco’s ban 43. (take) into effect since January 1, 2019. 44.____ (hopeful)，efforts like this will continue to encourage retailers，consumers，and beyond，to stop 45. (purchase) real animal fur and，thus，further protect the lives of animals everywhere. 答案及解析： 36．who/that [考查定语从句引导词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 those(指人) 且在从句中作主语，故填 who/that。] 37．largest [考查形容词最高级。由设空处前的 the 及表示范围的 in the USA 可知此处应用 最高级，故填 largest。] 38．a [考查冠词。message 是可数名词且此处表示泛指，故填不定冠词 a。] 39．cruelty [考查词性转换。设空处作 suffer 的宾语且前面有 the 限定，应用名词形式，故 填 cruelty。] 40．to forbid [考查非谓语动词。the first...to do sth.意为“第一个做某事的……”。故用动词 不定式作定语。] 41．on [考查介词。a ban on sth.是固定搭配，意为“有关……的禁令”。] 42．followed [考查非谓语动词。follow 与其逻辑主语 Australia 之间是动宾关系，故用过去 分词 followed 作状语。] 43．has taken [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语 since January 1,2019 可知，应用 现在完成时。且主语为第三人称单数，故填 has taken。] 44．Hopefully [考查词性转换。设空处作状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词形式，故填 Hopefully。] 45．purchasing [考查非谓语动词。stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”。故用动名词作宾语。] （七） 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Creator of Middle Earth John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, better known as J. R. R. Tolkien, was born in 1892 in South 第 11 页 共 17 页 Africa. His parents had moved there looking for 36 ． better job for his father. Three years 37．(late), his mother took him on a trip to England to visit family. While they were away, they received terrible news that his father had died. 38．(grow ) up without a father must have been difficult for Tolkien. Worse still, when he was only twelve years old, his mother also passed away. As a child, he had a great passion for language and in 1908, he went to Oxford University39．(study) languages and literature. In 1915, he joined the army and fought in the battle against the Germans. But soon, he became too ill to fight and returned 40． England the following year. He didn’t have a 41．(satisfy) childhood himself, so around in 1933, he spent much time telling his children fantasy 42．(story) of a hobbit (霍比特人) called Bilbo. He first put it in writing in 1936,43． turned out to be a surprising hit. The publisher asked him to write another. He did so and in 1948 published The Lord of the Rings, which 44．(publish) in three volumes between 1954 and 1955. Tolkien, 45．(age) eighty-one, died in 1973. 【 答 案 】 ： 36 ． a 37 ． later 38 ． Growing 39 ． to study 40 ． to 41．satisfying/satisfactory 42．stories 43．which 44．was published 45．aged 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要简述了英国作家、诗人约翰·罗纳德·瑞尔·托尔金的生平故事。 36．考查冠词。句意：他的父母搬到那里是为了给他父亲找一份更好的工作。分析句子结构 可知，空处填冠词，再根据句意可知，better job 在文中表示泛指，故填 a。 37．考查副词。句意：三年后，他的母亲带他去英国探亲。根据句意可知，later 意为“之后”， 其前加一段时间，故填 later。 38．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处填动词-ing 做句子的主语，且 Tolkien 和 grow 之间是主动关系，故填 Growing。 39．考查非谓语动词，分析句子结构可知，空处填非谓语动词，再结合句意可知，此处用 to do 表示目的，故填 to study。 40．考查固定搭配。句意：但不久，他就病得不能再战斗了，第二年又回到了英国。根据句 意可知，return to 意为“返回”，符合题意，故填 to。 41．考查形容词。句意：他自己也没有一个令人满意的童年。分析句子结构可知，空处填形 容词，satisfying 相当于 satisfactory 意为“满意的”，符合题意，故填 satisfying/satisfactory。 42．考查名词的数。句意：他花了很多时间给孩子们讲一个叫比尔博的霍比特人的奇幻故事。 第 12 页 共 17 页 根据句意可知，空处填名词的复数形式，表示泛指，故填 stories。 43．考查定语从句连词。句意：1936 年，他第一次把这句话写进了书中，结果出人意料地 大受欢迎。分析句子结构可知，空处填关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，指代空前内容在从 句中做主语，故填 which。 44．考查语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处填时态，结合语境可知，应用一般过去 时，the Lords of the Rings 是先行词，故谓语动词是单数第三人称，且和 publish 是被动关系， 故填 was published。 45．考查形容词。句意：托尔金享年 81 岁，于 1973 年去世。分析句子结构可知，空处填形 容词做 Tolkien 的后置定语，再结合句意可知，aged 意为“年老的、……岁的”，故填 aged。 （八） 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Different countries have wildly different forms of greeting. In the USA, when you pass by someone you know, a nod is acceptable, and you usually shake hands with someone you first meet. But in Latin countries, a firm handshake 36__________(consider) rude. In my home country, Mauritius, when people meet, they usually kiss each other 37__________ the cheeks. This is also common in France, 38__________ the act is called faire la bise. However, this is not 39__________ universal rule. During my first week in the USA, I kissed every single girl I met. My friends had to tell me that that was inappropriate, 40__________ (leave) me in great embarrassment. What is common here, however, is for friends 41__________ (hug) each other — something I was not used to. Hugs always make me 42__________ (frighten) because I don’t really like that. This may seem strange since even kissing 43__________ (stranger) is normal in my country. Now that I think about it, I hate cheek-kissing as well. Wouldn’t it be 44__________ (enjoy) to have a greeting code that is 45__________ (wide) acceptable? I’m not saying we should start doing that, but we can surely do something to avoid misunderstanding. 答案：36. is considered 37. on 38. where 39. a 40. leaving 41. to hug 42. 第 13 页 共 17 页 frightened 43. strangers 44.enjoyable 45. widely 解析： 本文是记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身经历和例子讲述了不同的国家有非常不同的问 候方式。 36.考查时态语态。句中主语 a firm handshake 和动词 consider 是被动关系,此处作谓语用被动 语态。表示客观事实,与上下文一致用一般现在时。故填 is considered。 37.考查介词。此处指亲吻对方的脸颊,在脸上用介词 on。故填 on。 38.考查定语从句。句中包含定语从句,先行词是 France,在定语从句中作地点状语,用关系副词 where 引导,故填 where。 39.考查冠词。句中 rule 是可数名词单数形式,此处表示一种普遍的规律,universal 开头是辅音 因素,故填 a。 40.考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词,此处用非谓语。前面句子与动词 leave 是主动关系, 用现在分词作结果状语,故填 leaving。 41.考查动词不定式。句中 What is common here 是主语从句,此处强调具体的动作,用不定式作 表语。故填 to hug。 42.考查形容词。修饰人用-ed 结尾的形容词,故填 frightened。 43.考查名词。stranger 是单数可数名词,此处表示泛指用复数形式,故填 strangers。 44.考查形容词。此处表示“令人愉快的”,用形容词作表语,故填 enjoyable。 45.考查副词。修饰形容词 acceptable 用副词,指广泛接受的,故填 widely。 （九） 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Calligraphy is something very special for Chinese. It is not only an important part of ___36___ (tradition) Chinese culture but also a way of life for people of all classes. Like oil painting and sculpture in the West, calligraphy is as much an artistic form ___37___ a spiritual anchor for many Chinese throughout history. Rarely does any ___38___ culture in human history attach importance to calligraphy in such a way. ___39___ ancient times calligraphy has played a critical role in Chinese culture and history. Calligraphy was well-respected, or even worshiped in history. It was a foundation for scarcely 第 14 页 共 17 页 available education opportunities ___40___(lead) to the upper class. Nowadays, zhongtang consists of three pieces of calligraphic works and a water-color painting intended to impress the guests, and it is the ___41___(elegant) feature of the living room and is still popular in rural areas of northwestern China. The choice of calligraphy and its meaning reflects the social status in the neighborhood and it ___42___ (consider) as one of the most important possessions for generations. Calligraphy used to be a privilege among the well-educated elites( 精 英 ). Nowadays, a comfortable life encourages more and more people ___43___(practice) calligraphy. As much as artistic ___44___(appreciate), physical fitness and recreation, calligraphy ___45___(become) a part of life among many Chinese people. Therefore, another Golden Age of Chinese calligraphy is coming. 【答案】36. traditional 37. as 38. other 39. Since 40. leading 41. most elegant 42. is considered 43. to practice 44. appreciation 45. is becoming 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了书法在中国的意义、地位和发展。 【36 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它不仅是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，也是各阶层人民的生活方式。 根据 Chinese culture 可知此处要用形容词，做定语。故填 traditional。 【37 题详解】 考查连词。句意：就像西方的油画和雕塑一样，书法不仅一种艺术形式，而且历史上也是许 多中国人的精神支柱。短语 as much…as...“不仅…而且…”，第二个 as 是比较连词。故填 as。 【38 题详解】 考查代词。句意：在人类历史上，很少有其他文化如此重视书法。any other“其他的”，后接 名词单数形式。故填 other。 【39 题详解】 考查连词。句意：自古以来，书法在中国文化和历史中扮演着重要的角色。根据谓语动词时 态 has played 以及句意可知此处要用连词 since“自……以来”。故填 Since。 【40 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它是通向上层社会难得的受教育机会的基础。根据谓语动词 was 可知此处要用非谓语动词，且 a foundation 与 lead 之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词形式， 作状语。故填 leading。 第 15 页 共 17 页 【41 题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：如今，“中堂”由三幅书法作品和一幅水彩画组成，目的是为了给 客人留下深刻印象，它是客厅中最优雅的特色，至今仍在中国西北的农村地区流行。根据 of the living room 以及冠词 the 可知此处要用形容词的最高级。故填 most elegant。 【42 题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：书法的选择及其意义反映了当地的社会地位，被认为是历代最重要 的财产之一。由 reflects 可知时态是一般现在时，根据主语 it 与动词 consider 之间是被动关 系，可知此处要用被动语态。故填 is considered。 【43 题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：如今，舒适的生活鼓励越来越多的人练习书法。根据 encourages more and more people 可知此处要用动词不定式，encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”。故填 to practice。 【44 题详解】 考查名词。句意：如同艺术欣赏、健身和娱乐一样，书法正在成为许多中国人生活的一部分。 根据形容词 artistic 可知此处要用名词形式。故填 appreciation。 【45 题详解】 考查时态。句意：如同艺术欣赏、健身和娱乐一样，书法正在成为许多中国人生活的一部分。 此处描述正在进行的动作，因此时态要用现在进行时，根据主语为 calligraphy 可知谓语动 词要用单数形式。故填 is becoming。 （十） 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China, which takes ___36___ (proud) in four inventions in ancient times, has once again shown its ability ___37___(change) the world with its “new four great inventions”: high-speed railways, electronic payment, shared bicycles and online shopping. Recently, the “new four great inventions” have improved the quality of people’s lives. Thanks to online shopping and mobile payment, people can buy anything ___38___ they want simply with a phone within doors. High-speed trains ___39___ (short) the journey from Beijing to the coastal city Tianjin to half ___40___ hour. As for the bikes, they themselves are not new. It is the 第 16 页 共 17 页 operating model of bike-sharing ___41___(base) on satellite navigation (导航) system, mobile payment as well as big data that has surprised the world. Shared bicycles are bringing cycling back to people’s lives ___42___ they are making public transport more attractive. It is ___43___ (increase) clear that China is no longer copying western ideas and is leading in many new ways. A growing number of foreign companies hope to promote the development in their home country ___44___ highlighting the need for ____45____ (technology) achievements like that of China. 【答案】36. pride 37. to change 38. that 39. have shortened 40. an 41. based 42. and 43. increasingly 44. by 45. technological 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的“新四大发明”给人民生活带来的巨大影响以及 对世界其他国家的影响和促进作用。 【36 题详解】 考查名词。句意：以古代“四大发明”为傲的中国，再一次展示了它用“新四大发明”改变世界 的能力。分析句子成分可知，设空处需填入名词形式作 take 的宾语，pride“骄傲，自豪”是 抽象名词，不可数。故填 pride。 【37 题详解】 考查不定式。句意：以古代“四大发明”为傲的中国，再一次展示了它用“新四大发明”改变世 界的能力。分析句子成分可知，设空处需填入不定式形式作定语修饰 ability。故填 to change。 【38 题详解】 考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：多亏了网上购物和移动支付，人们只要在室内用一部手机 就可以买到他们想要的任何东西。分析句子成分可知，设空处引导定语从句修饰 anything， 该词在从句中作 want 的宾语。当先行词是指物的不定代词时，关系代词只能用 that 引导。 故填 that。 【39 题详解】 考查动词和时态。句意：高铁把从北京到海滨城市天津的旅程缩短到半小时。分析句子成分 可知，设空处需填入动词形式作谓语，主语 High-speed trains 与动词 shorten 之间是主动关系， 故应用主动语态；且“高铁缩短北京和天津之间的距离”这件事情已经发生了，并且已经给人 们的生活带来了便利，所以设空处的动词也应用现在完成式。故填 have shortened。 【40 题详解】 第 17 页 共 17 页 考查不定冠词。句意：高铁把从北京到海滨城市天津的旅程缩短到半小时。空后的“hour”是 可数名词单数形式，故设空处需填入不定冠词，又因为 hour 的第一个音素是元音，故填 an。 【41 题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：基于卫星导航系统、移动支付和大数据的共享单车运营模式让世界为 之震惊。分析句子成分可知，该句是一个强调句，被强调部分是主语“the operating model of bike-sharing(共享单车的运营模式)”，设空处需填入非谓语动词形式作后置定语修饰主语， base 是及物动词，意为“以……作为基础”，主语与 base 之间在逻辑上是被动关系，所以应 用过去分词形式。故填 based。 【42 题详解】 考查并列连词。句意：共享单车让自行车回到了人们的生活中，也让公共交通变得更有吸引 力。分析句子成分可知，设空处的前后是两个完整且相对独立的句子，故应填入连词来将两 句话连接起来。前半句“Shared bicycles are bringing cycling back to people’s lives(共享单车让 自行车回到了人们的生活中)”说的是共享单车的作用和好处；后半句“they are making public transport more attractive.(它们让公共交通变得更有吸引力。)”也说的是共享单车的好处和作 用，前后意义并列，所以应用表示并列关系的连词。故填 and。 【43 题详解】 考查副词。句意：越来越明显的是，中国不再复制西方的思想，而是在许多新领域引领世界。 分析句子成分可知，该句中 It 是形式主语，that 引导主语从句。设空处需填入副词形式修饰 表语 clear。故填 increasingly。 【44 题详解】 考查介词。句意：考查越来越多的外国公司希望通过强调对中国这样的技术成果的需求来促 进 本 国 的 发 展 。 分 析 句 意 可 知 ， “highlighting the need( 强 调 需 求 )” 是 “promote the development(促进发展)”的方式，所以设空处需填入介词与“highlighting the need(强调需求)” 一起构成方式状语，故填 by。 【45 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：考查越来越多的外国公司希望通过强调对中国这样的技术成果的需求来 促进本国的发展。分析句子成分可知，设空处需填入形容词形式来修饰 achievements，故填 technological。