2021届高考英语押题密卷（八） （广东、江苏等八省新高考地区专用）（答案版)

试卷第 1 页 共 18 页 2021 年新高考英语押题密卷 （八） （广东、江苏等八省新高考地区特供） 本试卷满分 120 分，考试时间 100 分钟。 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。 A Technology Risk Audit (审计)Manager Needed Job Description Summary We believe we're best positioned to make a meaningful effect on the economy. Our ideas can let our clients make big decisions about the future and unlock sustainable(可持续发展的) growth. With a strict focus on quality, we help businesses, communities and our people to grow. Things you can expect from the role The work makes quality second nature. The work that you will do has a major effect on our clients and our firm. We pride ourselves on the high-level standards and quality we expect from our people. You'll be responsible for developing the way to IT risk on clients(客户)and building and keeping good working relationships with all colleagues and clients. The minimum criteria • Post-qualified experience within risk management, or external( 外 部 的 )audit, as an IT auditor and will have experience of excellent data analytics within an audit environment • Professionally qualified (ACA, CA, ACCA) • You'll be familiar with accounting systems such as SAP, Oracle, Sage etc. • Experience with using data analytics software： IDEA or ACL, Tableau, Qlik, Power BI, SAS or similar Benefits Unlike most firms? we're also a shared enterprise. So when the firm does well, everyone does well by taking home a share of the profits. Of course, to get those profits, we need to share ideas and share responsibility for our work, too. 试卷第 2 页 共 18 页 Families, children, sports, night classes, the things you do and the people you're with outside work matter. They can inspire and motivate you. Inside the office and out. So if you'd like to work flexibly, let us know. We're happy to look at flexible working choices for all our roles, and well always do our best to keep your work and life in balance. 1. What is one of the duties of the position? A. Making decisions for clients. B. Hiring more team members. C. Providing solutions on IT risk. D. Offering voluntary IT services. 2. What is the requirement for the application? A. Much managing and IT knowledge. B. Experiences as a sports team player. C. Awareness of environmental protection. D. Some necessary basic skills in building. 3. What can an applicant get if he/she gets the job? A. He/She can be given inspiration from the job. B. He/She can choose flexible working time. C. He/She can always take the company profits. D. He/She can take free night classes for growth. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 【解析】这是一篇应用文。本文是关于技术风险审计经理的招聘启事。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Things you can expect from the role 中的"You'll be responsible for developing the way to IT risk on clients and building and keeping good working relationships with all colleagues and clients(你将负责开发客户的 IT 风 险管理方案，与所有同事和客户建立并保持良好的工作关系)."可知这个职位的职责之一是提供关于技术风险的 解决方案。故选 C。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 The minimum criteria 中"Post-qualified experience within risk management, or external audit, as an IT auditor and will have experience of excellent data analytics within an audit environment(在风险管理或外部审计方 面有 IT 审核员的资格，并在审计环境中有出色的数据分析经验)”可知，申请该职位要求要有管理和 IT 知识。故 选 A。 【3 题详解】 试卷第 3 页 共 18 页 细节理解题。根据 Benefits 中“So if you'd like to work flexibly, let us know. We're happy to look at flexible working choices for all our roles..( 所以如果你想要弹性工作，请告诉我们。我们很高兴看到我们所有的员工都有灵活的工 作选择)”可知，如果申请人获得了这份工作，那么他/她可以选择灵活的工作时间。故选 B。 B Born on a farm in 1876, Mordecai Brown couldn’t have imagined his life as a Major League Baseball pitcher (投 手). When he helped his parents at age 5, his right hand accidentally was caught in a corn harvester, losing parts of two fingers or three fingers left. However, his disabled hand did not keep him from doing what other boys of his age were doing, like playing baseball. While working as a coal miner in his twenties, Mordecai joined a baseball team made up of fellow coal miners. In 1898, the team’s pitcher injured his arm. The manager ordered Mordecai to act as the pitcher. Mordecai shook his head and held up his right hand as a reminder. But the manager didn’t care. “Since you have the best arm on the team, you will have to pitch.” Finally, his team won the game nine to three. In 1903, Mordecai Brown broke into Major League Baseball when he signed with the St. Louis Cardinals. Only a year later, the management of the Cardinals decided that Mordecai’s disability would keep him from ever becoming a star pitcher. They traded him to the Chicago Cubs. On a sunny October afternoon in 1908, thousands of people went to New York City’s Polo Grounds to see the New York Giants and the Chicago Cubs battle. Mordecai was not the pitcher at first. He watched as the chosen starter faced the batters (击球员) for the New York Giants. Soon, the batters were filling the bases. Then, Mordecai was asked to be the pitcher. It seemed that the unfavorable condition didn’t affect him. He held the ball with his three fingers firmly and let it go. Strike one! Strike two! Strike three! The batter was out. And soon, the game was over. The Cubs beat the Giants, four to two. Mordecai went on to pitch, winning one game after another, and retired after the 1916 season. In 1949, Mordecai Peter entered the National Baseball Hall of Fame in New York, earning him a well-deserved place in baseball history. 4. What can we learn about Mordecai from Paragraph1? A. His dream was to become a pitcher. B. He felt desperate to lose his fingers. C. His accident did not influence his life. D. He was afraid to get along with other boys. 5. In 1904, what happened to Mordecai Brown? A. Mordecai Brown was traded to Chicago Cubs. B. He broke into Major League Baseball. C. He was much worse than before. D. He contributed to the success of the match. 6. How did he help his team win the game in 1908? 试卷第 4 页 共 18 页 A. He shouted “Strike!” for times to frighten the batter. B. He left the batter no chance to get the ball. C. He let the ball go in different directions. D. He struck the ball out directly. 7. What is the best title for the text? A. Fighting for Fame B. Growing on the team C. A Three-fingered Star D. The Most Pitiful Baseball Pitcher 【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，小时候因事故而手留下残疾，变成三指的 Mordecai Brown 在棒球场上 的精彩表现。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段中的“However, his disabled hand did not keep him from doing what other boys of his age were doing, like playing baseball.”（然而，他那只残疾的手并没有阻止他做其他同龄人的事，比如打棒球。），可知 即使手有残缺，Mordecai Brown 还是做着同龄人一样的事，可推断出 Mordecai Brown 的事故没有影响他的生 活。故选 C 项。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。由第三段中的“Only a year later, the management of the Cardinals decided that Mordecai’s disability would keep him from ever becoming a star pitcher. They traded him to the Chicago Cubs.”（仅仅一年后，红衣主教队 的管理层认为，Mordecai 的残疾将阻止他成为一名明星投手。他们把他交易给了芝加哥小熊队。），可知 1904 年，Mordecai 被交易到芝加哥小熊队。故选 A 项。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Then, Mordecai was asked to be the pitcher. It seemed that the unfavorable condition didn’t affect him. He held the ball with his three fingers firmly and let it go. Strike one! Strike two! Strike three! The batter was out. And soon, the game was over. The Cubs beat the Giants, four to two.”（然后，Mordecai 被要求做投 手。这不利的条件似乎并没有影响到他。他用三个手指紧紧地抓住球，然后把它放了。打一个！打二！三击！ 击球手出局了。很快，比赛结束了。小熊队以 4 比 2 击败巨人队。），可知 Mordecai 让对方击球手出局了，小 熊队以 4 比 2 击败巨人队，可推断出对方击球手没机会得到球（所以出局了）。故选 B 项。 【7 题详解】 主旨大意题。第一段讲“Mordecai Brown 因事故，手变成了三指但这没有影响他的生活”，第二段讲“三指的 Mordecai 做了投球手”，第三段讲“三指的 Mordecai 被红衣主教队的管理层交易到芝加哥小熊队”，第四五段讲 “三指的 Mordecai 帮助球队赢得比赛”，第六段讲“三指的 Mordecai 赢得了棒球史上当之无愧的地位”，本文讲的 是三指的 Mordecai 在棒球场上的精彩表现，C 项“三指明星”为短文最佳标题。故选 C 项。 试卷第 5 页 共 18 页 C Google’s self-driving car is designed to work without a gas pedal (踏板) or steering wheel (方向盘). Now, the company has decided that the car doesn’t have any windscreen wipers either, because there’s no need for passengers to see where they are being driven. The car requires no input from a driver, except telling it the destination. There is no driving in the way we know it and all people inside the cars will be passengers who can spend their time paying no attention to the road. While the car may not need windscreen wipers, the absence of them may make passengers feel helpless if they are unable to see where they are going clearly. Google’s two-seater “bubble” cars have buttons to begin and end the drive, but no other controls. An on-board computer uses data from sensors, including radar (雷达) and cameras, to make turns and keep away from people walking in the street and other vehicles. Under the vision made public by Google, passengers might set their destination by typing it into a map or using voice commands. The new car can’t go faster than 25 miles per hour (40 km/h). It is electric and has to be recharged after 80 miles (129 km). They can only be used in areas that have been thoroughly mapped by Google. Google has been testing its self-driving cars since 2009 and its new model without a steering wheel since early this summer. It intends on making its driverless cars available to consumers in the next five years. The final goal of the project is computer-controlled cars that can get rid of human error, which results in about 90 percent of the 1.2 million road deaths worldwide each year and it was also inspiring to start with a blank sheet of paper. 8. Why may people feel helpless riding in Google’s self-driving car? A. There are no other controls. B. They have no idea of the destination. C. They are unable to see the road clearly. D. The car is traveling too fast. 9. What’s the main idea of the third paragraph? A. The tests the car needs to pass. B. How Google’s self-driving car works. C. The development of the new car. D. What the drivers need to drive the car. 10. What does the underlined word “recharged” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Filled with electricity. B. Repaired from time to time. C. Asked for some money again. D. Designed into a new style. 试卷第 6 页 共 18 页 11. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Google began to test self-driving cars this summer. B. Driverless cars will be available to consumers next year. C. Google’s computer controlled cars fire the drivers’ inspiration. D. Most of the road deaths are caused by drivers. 【答案】 8-11 CBAD 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了谷歌的自动驾驶汽车，它没有油门踏板或方向盘，也没有任何挡风 玻璃雨刷，正在测试阶段，希望早日面向消费者。 8. C 细节理解题。由第二段中的“While the car may not need windscreen wipers, the absence of them may make passengers feel helpless if they are unable to see where they are going clearly.”（虽然汽车可能不需要挡风玻璃雨 刷，但如果没有雨刷，如果乘客看不清方向，可能会感到无助。），可知没有雨刷，下雨天乘客看不清方向/ 路，乘客会无助。故选 C 项。 9. B 主旨大意题。由第三段中的“Google’s two-seater “bubble” cars have buttons to begin and end the drive, but no other controls. An on-board computer uses data from sensors, including radar (雷达) and cameras, to make turns and keep away from people walking in the street and other vehicles. Under the vision made public by Google, passengers might set their destination by typing it into a map or using voice commands.”（谷歌的双座“泡泡”汽车有开始和结束 驾驶的按钮，但没有其他控制。车载电脑利用来自传感器的数据，包括雷达和摄像头，来进行转弯，以避开在 街上行走的人和其他车辆。根据谷歌公布的设想，乘客可以通过在地图上输入或使用语音命令来设定目的 地。），可知本段介绍了谷歌的自动驾驶汽车是如何工作的。故选 B 项。 10. A 词义猜测题。由划线单词的前句“It is electric”（它是电动的），可知谷歌的自动驾驶汽车是电动的，需要 充电，跑完 80 英里后一定要充满电，recharged 在“has to be recharged after 80 miles (129 km)”中意为“充满电”。 故选 A 项。 11. D 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“The final goal of the project is computer-controlled cars that can get rid of human error, which results in about 90 percent of the 1.2 million road deaths worldwide each year and it was also inspiring to start with a blank sheet of paper.”（该项目最终目标是计算机控制的汽车，它可以消除人为失误，人为失误导致全 球每年 120 万道路死亡人数的 90%左右，从一张白纸开始这也是令人鼓舞的。），可知人为失误导致全球每年 120 万道路死亡人数的 90%左右，说明大多数道路死亡是由司机造成的。故选 D 项。 D 试卷第 7 页 共 18 页 In a large survey of people's first memories, nearly 40% of participants reported a first memory that is likely to be fictional, according to findings published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. Current research indicates that people's earliest memories date from around 3 to 3. 5 years of age. However, the study from researchers at City, University of London, the University of Bradford, and Nottingham Trent University found that 38.6% of 6, 641 participants claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger, with 893 people claiming memories from age 1 or younger. This was particularly prevalent among middle-aged and older adults. As many of these memories dated before the age of 2 and younger, the authors suggest that these fictional memories are based on remembered fragments(碎片) of early experience—such as a pram(婴儿车)，family relationships and feeling sad—and some facts or knowledge about their own infancy or childhood which may have been derived from photographs or family conversations. “Further details may be unconsciously inferred or added, e. g. that one was wearing nappy when standing in the cot( 幼 儿 床 )," added Shazia Akhatr, first author on the study and Senior Research Associate at the University of Bradford. “When we looked through the responses from participants we found that a lot of these first 'memories' were frequently related to infancy, and a typical example would be a memory based around a pram," explained Martin Conway, Director at the Centre for Memory and Law at City, University of London and coauthor of the paper. “For this person, this type of memory could have resulted from someone saying something like 'mother and a large green pram'. The person then imagines what it would have looked like. Over time these fragments then become a memory and often the person will start to add things in such as a string of toys along the top," he added. "Crucially, the person remembering them doesn't know this is fictional," Conway noted. "In fact when people are told that their memories are false they often don't believe it. This partly due to the fact that the systems that allow us to remember things are very complex, and it's not until we're 5 or 6 that we form adult-like memories due to the way that the brain develops and due to our maturing understanding of the world. 12. What does the underlined word "prevalent" in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Unique. B. Crazy. C. Common. D. Doubtful. 13. What can be concluded from the study mentioned in the passage? A. Some people have clear knowledge about their own infancy. B. Added details are an important clue to recall the childhood. C. Most people claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger. D. Talks between family members influence the earliest memories. 14. How does Martin Conway present his opinion? 试卷第 8 页 共 18 页 A. By making comparison. B. By setting examples. C. By analyzing data. D. By referring to documents. 15. What's the main idea of the text? A. Many people's earliest memories may be fictional. B. People's earliest memories can date back to 2 or younger. C. The middle-aged and adults specialize in detailing their first memory. D. Memories develop due to our maturing understanding of the world. 【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A 【解析】本篇说明文，最新发表的研究结果，在一项大型调查中，近 40%的受调查者反映最初记忆可能是虚构 的；这些记忆或基于早期经历的记忆片段或与童年相关的一些事实或认识，还可能无意识地添加更多细节。 【12 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据上文“38.6% of 6, 641 participants claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger, with 893 people claiming memories from age 1 or younger(6641 名参与者中有 38.6%的人声称拥有 2 岁或更小的记忆，893 人声称拥有 1 岁或更小的记忆)”可以推断出，划线句意为“这一现象在中年和年长的成年人中尤为普遍”，所以 划线词“prevalent”意为“普遍的”。故选 C 项。 【13 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“these fictional memories are based on remembered fragments(碎片) of early experience— such as a pram(婴儿车)，family relationships and feeling sad—and some facts or knowledge about their own infancy or childhood which may have been derived from photographs or family conversations(这些虚构的记忆是基于早期经历 的记忆片段——比如婴儿车、家庭关系、悲伤感，以及一些关于自己婴儿期或童年的事实或知识，这些可能来 自照片或家庭对话)”可以得出，家庭成员之间的对话会影响最早的记忆。故选 D 项。 【14 题详解】 推理判断题。倒数第三段 Martin Conway 提出他的观点，即人类的记忆是基于早期经历的记忆片段。根据倒数 第二段“For this person, this type of memory could have resulted from someone saying something like 'mother and a large green pram'. The person then imagines what it would have looked like. Over time these fragments then become a memory and often the person will start to add things in such as a string of toys along the top(对这个人来说，这种类型 的记忆可能来自于某人说‘妈妈和一个绿色的大婴儿车’之类的话。然后这个人就会想象它的样子。随着时间的 推移，这些碎片就会成为记忆，人们通常会开始添加一些东西，比如一串玩具在上面)”可知， Martin Conway 是 在列举实例来证明自己的观点。故选 B 项。 【15 题详解】 试卷第 9 页 共 18 页 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“In a large survey of people's first memories, nearly 40% of participants reported a first memory that is likely to be fictional(在一项关于人们最初记忆的大型调查中，近 40%的参与者报告 说，他们的最初记忆很可能是虚构的)”可知，本文主要讲述研究表明许多人的最初记忆或为虚构的。故选 A 项。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分） 阅读短文，根据内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 You probably know that exercise is good for you. Studies show that it can prevent many major health conditions,including cognitive decline,diabetes, certain cancers and more. 16 ＂Our lives are completely full. We may have children,aging parents, jobs, partners,and community,"says Barbara Hannah Grufferman, author of The Best of Everything After 50. If you don't have a regular exercise plan,don't worry! There are simple things you can do to get more exercise, no gym membership or hours of commitment required. Walk-and make it count Even if you're not in shape, you can likely walk. And that's good news, because many studies illustrate that it's one of the best things we can do for our bodies. Grufferman suggests getting a pedometer(计步器），whether it's a simple mechanical one, or a FitBit or Jawbone. 17 And then,start walking faster and longer-most experts recommend walking 10,000 steps a day. Reduce sitting You've probably heard,"sitting is the new smoking."Well,this means that loads of research has shown that sitting for extended periods of time can have serious health consequences that range from obesity to diabetes and more. 18 It's also essential to take breaks from your sit-down desk. Run if you can It might seem out of reach, but if you can add some light running into your daily walk, you'll be better for it. Running can make you happier, strengthen your joints, improve heart health,and improve your memory! 19 Then,go for longer distances gradually. Make it a habit To truly make exercise-even the basics-a part of your life you'll need to make it a habit. ＂The good news is that it's never too late to start," says Grufferman. 20 A.Track your steps because it's very motivating. B.But finding time to get more exercise can be challenging. 试卷第 10 页 共 18 页 C.Make sure you are more active and have a more enjoyable life. D.Experts suggest using a standing desk at least some of the time. E. Like brushing your teeth, you have to build exercise into your life. F.Some experts suggest altermating jogging and walking to get started. G.Get the recommended amount of exercise for your age to get the most benefit. 答案：16-20 BADFE 本文为读者推荐了在繁忙的日常生活中人们仍然可以采取的运动方式，以及对于运动过程的建议。文章版 块短小精炼，较为明晰，易于读者理解。 详细解析： 第 16 题 B 根据下文 Barbara 的陈述可知，每个人的生活都非常繁忙，可能会有孩子，正在变老的父母，工 作，伴侣等等需要处理的事情。可见能够抽出时间运动对于人们来说是一项巨大的挑战。又结合上文运动 的好处，可知此处为一句表转折的句子。故选 B。 第 17 题 A 此题只需关注标题即上下句内容即可选出答案。此段内容为对于走路以及使用计步器的建议。从 或简单或高级的计步器开始记录下行走的每一步，都会使人得到很大的激励。这样才能越走越远。与此相 关的选项有且仅有 A，故此题选 A。 第 18 题 D 根据段意理解，此段讲的是久坐的危害。故选项中仅有 D 选项提及站立或久坐的问题，能够与 上下文相连。此题无迷惑项，选 D。 第 19 题 F 此题需关注上下文内容。本段讲述了对于跑步的建议及好处。根据后文“then, go for longer distances gradually.”可知前面应该为慢慢循序渐进的建议。F 选项与文意相符。即为可自主选择从慢跑或是 走路开始，慢慢一点点加速。 第 20 题 E 这题要抓好本段的主题词 make it a habit. habit 非常重要，因为 E 选项的 brushing your teeth, build...into 都是论证 habit 的，相比 C 选项，更加能够呼应文章主题词！所以抓好段落主题词是关键哦！ 第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Scientists in Norway have more good news for coffee drinkers. Researchers have already found evidence that the drink -- or the beans can help with weight loss, 21 one’s risk of developing some diseases, 22 muscle growth, protect against certain types of cancers and can even reduce ones risk of 23 death. Now comes word that a cup of coffee reduces physical pain. 试卷第 11 页 共 18 页 The surprising finding is based on study 24 48 volunteers who agreed to spend 90 minutes performing fake computer tasks meant to mimic office work. The tasks were known to 25 pain in the shoulders, neck, forearms and wrists, and the researchers wanted to 26 how people with pain and those who were pain-free tolerated the pain of such tasks. As a matter of convenience, the scientists allowed people to drink coffee before taking the test “to avoid 27 effects of caffeine deprivation, e.g. decreased vigor and alertness, sleepiness, and fatigue,” they reported. But when it came time to analyze the data, the researchers from Norway’s National Institute of Occupational Health and Oslo University Hospital noticed that the 19 people who drank coffee reported a lower 28 of pain than the 29 people who didn’t. In the shoulders and neck, 29 , the average pain intensity was rated 41 (on a 100-point scale) among the coffee drinkers and 55 for non-coffee drinkers. Similar gaps were found for all pain sites measured, and coffee’s apparent pain- reduction effect 30 . However, the authors of the study, which was published this week in the journal BMC Research Notes, cautioned that since the study wasn’t designed to test coffee’s influence on pain, the results came with many 31 . For starters, the researchers don’t know how much coffee the coffee drinkers consumed before taking the computer tests. 32 they doubt whether the coffee drinkers and non-coffee drinkers were 33 in all respects except for their coffee consumption. Problems like these tend to 34 the importance of the findings. But those doubts are 35 to trouble the coffee drinkers looking for any reason not to cut back on their daily caffeine habit. 21. A．rise B．reduce C．release D．suffer 22. A．shape B．establish C．boost D．preserve 23. A．accidental B．sudden C．premature D．suspicious 24. A．qualifying B．exploring C．interviewing D．involving 25. A．cause B．endure C．case D．cure 26. A．warn B．compare C．relieve D．treat 27. A．unpleasant B．modest C．unfortunate D．exhausted 28. A．tendency B．intention C．intensity D．extension 29. A．on the contrary B．as a result C．for instance D．in one word 30. A．turned up B．broke out C．gave away D．took up 31. A．insecurities B．uncertainties C．consequences D．destructions 32. A．Moreover B．However C．Otherwise D．Nevertheless 33. A．contemporary B．similar C．temporary D．initial 试卷第 12 页 共 18 页 34. A．emphasize B．attach C．confirm D．weaken 35. A．unlikely B．sensitive C．accessible D．definite 答案：21．B 22．C 23．B 2 4．C 25．A 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．C 20．A 31．B 32．A 33．B 34．D 35．A 【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲了挪威科学家为喝咖啡的人带来了更多好消息。研究人员已经发现证 据表明，这种饮料或咖啡豆有助于减肥，降低患某些疾病的风险，促进肌肉生长，预防某些类型的癌症，甚至 可以降低猝死的风险。 21． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员已经发现证据表明，这种饮料或咖啡豆有助于减肥，降低患某些疾病的风 险，促进肌肉生长，预防某些类型的癌症，甚至可以降低猝死的风险。A. rise 上升；B. reduce 减少；C. release 释放；D. suffer 遭受。根据“Scientists in Norway have more good news for coffee drinkers.”可知这里应该是咖啡或 咖啡豆的一些好处，所以是“降低患某些疾病的风险”。故选 B。 22． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员已经发现证据表明，这种饮料或咖啡豆有助于减肥，降低患某些疾病的风 险，促进肌肉生长，预防某些类型的癌症，甚至可以降低猝死的风险。A. shape 塑造；B. establish 建立；C. boost 促进；D. preserve 保护。根据“Scientists in Norway have more good news for coffee drinkers.”可知这里应该是 咖啡或咖啡豆的一些好处，所以是“促进肌肉生长”。故选 C。 23． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员已经发现证据表明，这种饮料或咖啡豆有助于减肥，降低患某些疾病的 风险，促进肌肉生长，预防某些类型的癌症，甚至可以降低猝死的风险。A. accidental 偶然的；B. sudden 突然 的；C. premature 不成熟的；D. suspicious 怀疑的。根据“Scientists in Norway have more good news for coffee drinkers.”可知这里应该是咖啡或咖啡豆的一些好处，所以是“可以降低猝死的风险”。故选 B。 24． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一令人惊讶的发现是基于对 48 名志愿者的采访，他们同意花 90 分钟来执行模拟 办公室工作的假电脑任务。A. qualifying 使具有资格；B. exploring 探索；C. interviewing 采访；D. involving 涉 及。根据“48 volunteers who agreed to spend 90 minutes performing fake computer tasks meant to mimic office work.” 可知是对 48 名志愿者进行采访。故选 C。 25． 试卷第 13 页 共 18 页 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些任务被认为会导致肩、颈、前臂和手腕疼痛，研究人员希望比较疼痛患者和无 疼痛患者对疼痛的耐受性这样的任务。A. cause 导致；B. endure 忍耐；C. case 包围；D. cure 治疗。根据“pain in the shoulders, neck, forearms and wrists”可知这里意思是“导致肩、颈、前臂和手腕疼痛”。故选 A。 26． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些任务被认为会导致肩、颈、前臂和手腕疼痛，研究人员希望比较疼痛患者和无 疼痛患者对疼痛的耐受性这样的任务。A. warn 警告；B. compare 比较；C. relieve 减轻；D. treat 治疗。根据 “how people with pain and those who were pain-free tolerated the pain of such tasks.”可知是对两种患者进行比较。故 选 B。 27． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了方便起见，科学家们允许人们在测试前喝咖啡，“以避免因缺少咖啡带来的使 人不愉快的影响，例如降低活力、机敏度、困倦和疲劳，”他们报告说。A. unpleasant 使人不愉快的；B. modest 谦虚的；C. unfortunate 不幸的；D. exhausted 疲惫不堪的。根据“e.g. decreased vigor and alertness, sleepiness, and fatigue”可知这些影响是不愉快的。故选 A。 28． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当分析数据时，挪威国家职业健康研究所和奥斯陆大学医院的研究人员注意到， 19 名喝咖啡的人报告的疼痛强度比 29 名不喝咖啡的人要低。A. tendency 趋势；B. intention 目的；C. intensity 强 度；D. extension 延伸。根据“In the shoulders and neck, ___9___, the average pain intensity was rated 41 (on a 100- point scale) among the coffee drinkers and 55 for non-coffee drinkers.”可知这里意思是 19 名喝咖啡的人报告的疼痛 强度比 29 名不喝咖啡的人要低。intensity 是原词复现。故选 C。 29． 考查固定短语辨析。句意：例如，在肩部和颈部，喝咖啡的人的平均疼痛强度为 41 分(满分为 100 分)，而不喝 咖啡的人的疼痛强度为 55 分。A. on the contrary 正相反；B. as a result 结果；C. for instance 例如；D. in one word 总之。根据“the average pain intensity was rated 41 (on a 100-point scale) among the coffee drinkers and 55 for non- coffee drinkers.”可知这里在举例子。故选 C。 30． 考查固定短语辨析。句意：在所有被测的疼痛部位都发现了类似的差异，并且咖啡明显的减轻疼痛的效果出现 了。A. turned up 出现；B. broke out 爆发； C. gave away 赠送；D. took up 拿起。根据“Similar gaps were found for all pain sites measured, and coffee’s apparent pain- reduction effect”可知咖啡明显的减轻疼痛的效果出现了。故选 A。 31． 试卷第 14 页 共 18 页 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，本周发表在《BMC 研究笔记》杂志上的这项研究的作者警告说，由于这项研 究不是为了测试咖啡对疼痛的影响，因此结果存在许多不确定性。A. insecurities 不安全；B. uncertainties 不确定 性；C. consequences 后果；D. destructions 破坏。根据“since the study wasn’t designed to test coffee’s influence on pain”以及下文内容，可知结果存在许多不确定性。故选 B。 32． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，他们怀疑喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人是否在除咖啡消耗量外的所有方面都相 似。A. Moreover 此外；B. However 然而；C. Otherwise 否则；D. Nevertheless 然而。根据“they doubt whether the coffee drinkers and non-coffee drinkers were ___13___ in all respects except for their coffee consumption.”可知这是研 究人员提出的另外一个质疑。故选 A。 33． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，他们怀疑喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人是否在除咖啡消耗量外的所有方面都 相似。A. contemporary 当代的；B. similar 相似的；C. temporary 临时的；D. initial 最初的。根据“Similar gaps were found for all pain sites measured, and coffee’s apparent pain- reduction effect”可知这里意思是他们怀疑喝咖啡 的人和不喝咖啡的人是否在除咖啡消耗量外的所有方面都相似。故选 B。 34． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：诸如此类的问题往往削弱了研究结果的重要性。A. emphasize 强调；B. attach 附加； C. confirm 确定；D. weaken 减弱。根据“However, the authors of the study, which was published this week in the journal BMC Research Notes, cautioned that since the study wasn’t designed to test coffee’s influence on pain, the results came with many ___11___.”可知这项研究的作者警告说，由于这项研究不是为了测试咖啡对疼痛的影响， 因此结果存在许多不确定性，正是诸如此类的问题削弱了研究结果的重要性。故选 D。 35． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这些疑虑不太可能困扰那些寻找任何理由不减少日常咖啡因习惯的咖啡饮用 者。A. unlikely 不太可能； B. sensitive 敏感的；C. accessible 易接近的；D. definite 确定的。根据转折词“But” 和“to trouble the coffee drinkers looking for any reason not to cut back on their daily caffeine habit.”可知但这些疑虑不 太可能困扰那些寻找任何理由不减少日常咖啡因习惯的咖啡饮用者。故选 A。 第二节 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Different countries have wildly different forms of greeting. 试卷第 15 页 共 18 页 In the USA, when you pass by someone you know, a nod is acceptable, and you usually shake hands with someone you first meet. But in Latin countries, a firm handshake 36__________(consider) rude. In my home country, Mauritius, when people meet, they usually kiss each other 37__________ the cheeks. This is also common in France, 38__________ the act is called faire la bise. However, this is not 39__________ universal rule. During my first week in the USA, I kissed every single girl I met. My friends had to tell me that that was inappropriate, 40__________ (leave) me in great embarrassment. What is common here, however, is for friends 41__________ (hug) each other — something I was not used to. Hugs always make me 42__________ (frighten) because I don’t really like that. This may seem strange since even kissing 43__________ (stranger) is normal in my country. Now that I think about it, I hate cheek-kissing as well. Wouldn’t it be 44__________ (enjoy) to have a greeting code that is 45__________ (wide) acceptable? I’m not saying we should start doing that, but we can surely do something to avoid misunderstanding. 答案：36. is considered 37. on 38. where 39. a 40. leaving 41. to hug 42. frightened 43. strangers 44.enjoyable 45. widely 解析： 本文是记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身经历和例子讲述了不同的国家有非常不同的问候方式。 36.考查时态语态。句中主语 a firm handshake 和动词 consider 是被动关系,此处作谓语用被动语态。表示客观事 实,与上下文一致用一般现在时。故填 is considered。 37.考查介词。此处指亲吻对方的脸颊,在脸上用介词 on。故填 on。 38.考查定语从句。句中包含定语从句,先行词是 France,在定语从句中作地点状语,用关系副词 where 引导,故填 where。 39.考查冠词。句中 rule 是可数名词单数形式,此处表示一种普遍的规律,universal 开头是辅音因素,故填 a。 40.考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词,此处用非谓语。前面句子与动词 leave 是主动关系,用现在分词作结果状 语,故填 leaving。 41.考查动词不定式。句中 What is common here 是主语从句,此处强调具体的动作,用不定式作表语。故填 to hug。 42.考查形容词。修饰人用-ed 结尾的形容词,故填 frightened。 43.考查名词。stranger 是单数可数名词,此处表示泛指用复数形式,故填 strangers。 44.考查形容词。此处表示“令人愉快的”,用形容词作表语,故填 enjoyable。 45.考查副词。修饰形容词 acceptable 用副词,指广泛接受的,故填 widely。 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分） 试卷第 16 页 共 18 页 第一节 （满分 15 分） 一家学生英文报社正在面向中学生开展以“我爱我班”为主题的征文活动。请你写一篇英文稿件，介绍你为班级 做的最有意义的一件事，内容包括： 1. 事情起因和背景； 2. 事情过程的介绍； 3. 收获和个人感受。 注意： 1. 词数 80 左右； 2. 不得出现与本人相关的真实信息； 3. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 I Love My Class It was last summer holiday and only two days left before the new term. I missed my friends and class so much that I decided to take a look at our classroom first. When I opened the door of the classroom, I was astonished at the mess. Dust covered desks, chairs and the floor; spider webs hung on the ceiling. I couldn’t ignore it and decided to clean it myself. I grabbed a broom to sweep the spider webs first and the floor second which made me exhausted. The cleaning of the desks and chairs with wet rags was much easier but it took more time. After nearly 2 hours’ hard work, the classroom was bright and clean again. Two days later, the surprise on the faces of my classmates and my teacher made me proud, but I would never tell them who did this. I love my class and I am willing to do everything for it. 第二节 （满分 25 分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 试卷第 17 页 共 18 页 Anyone going to an amusement park might have seen the likes of me. I held purses, cellphones and sunglasses while others threw themselves on roller coasters. I admit their bravery, but refuse to challenge my own limitations. One day when we were at the Wonderland Amusement Park in Toronto, My friends tried to get me to ride a roller coaster. But the click, click, click of the cars climbing up the tracks made me fear. The stop at the top, before falling with people’s screams, seemed terrible. My friends were still trying to persuade me, and I was still saying no, when I suddenly saw a familiar face, one I had never seen outside a television set. It was Jennifer Capriati, a popular tennis star at the top of her game, already winning titles at the age of fourteen. She was my heroine. I pulled out a pen and the only paper that I could find and walked to her. She was weaving her way through a rope that led to a ride called the Jet Scream. I was running quickly because I didn’t want to pass up the chance to meet her face to face, but I was also a bit nervous. So I waited at the exit to calm down and get closer to her as she came off the ride. Several minutes later, she got out from the exit, laughing and talking with her brother. I focused on her walking toward me. I looked down at the ground. She walked past. It was more difficult to talk to a star than I thought, but I had to take the chance. I called her name, not very confidently, but more like a question, “Jennifer?” She turned around. Her eyes met mine. Our eyes actually met. “Would you mind signing for me?” I asked, handing the pen and paper toward her. Her hand wrote over the paper and said, “You are the first person who has recognized me in the park so let’s take a roller coaster together.” Paragraph 1: Hearing her invitation, I was filled with mixed feelings. Paragraph 2: My friend came up and asked, “Are you sure you will take a roller coaster?” 【参考范文】 试卷第 18 页 共 18 页 Paragraph 1: Hearing her invitation, I was filled with mixed feelings. On the one hand, I felt good that I was the only fan who got the opportunity. I admired Jennifer Capriati very much and was eager to stay with her a little longer. On the other hand, I was scared of riding a roller coaster. However, I must take the chance and it didn’t take much time to make my decision. I nodded and went to the roller coaster with her. Paragraph 2: My friend came up and ashed, “Are you sure you will take a roller coaster?” “Yes.” I answered. “This is the only chance for me to ride a roller coaster with my heroine.” My friend was surprised; she had spent years trying to persuade me to do that. Fears of heights and moving too fast seemed unimportant now. Although I screamed during the entire time like a girl being chased by an axe killer, I finally survived. That chance of meeting with Jennifer Capriat helped me overcome my fear. And since then, I have lived in a world where I am a bit braver.