专题一 语法填空
名词 --- 单复数 、词形变化（动词/形容词）
名词 --- 单复数 、词形变化（动词/形容词）
典例1 We are so proud of her. It’s 70 (wonder).(2019·全国Ⅱ)
【解析】[根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填
wonderful。]
二、提示词为名词一般考查名词单复数；有时也考名词变动词和名词变形容词。
典例2 Afterwards, the group will take training classes with professional
football 2 (coach) from Spain
【解析】考查名词。句意：之后，他们将与来自西班牙的职业足球教练一起上训练
课。coach是可数名词，此处用复数表示泛指，故填coaches。
课后自主练习
1动词 --- 词形变换 前缀 后缀 词性转换
典例1 When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us
know of an interesting ____66____(compete) to watch, together with the story
behind it. (2019全国卷III)
【解析】由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填
名词形式。故填competition。
典 例 2
Other American studies showed no __64__(connect) between uniforms
and school performance.
【解析】no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形
式。connect是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填
connection/connections。
课后自主练习
提示词为动词 动词在7个提示词中所占的比重最大，一般4个
2动词 --- 谓语用法 时态/语态/主谓一致
判断所填空处为谓语动词之后，根据以下三个步骤做题：
典例1 Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award Irene ___64___(declare)
she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old （ 2019全国 2 ）
课后自主练习
典例2 Our hosts shared many of their experiences and __65__ (recommend)
wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.
【解析】根据两个前后句之间的连词and,和前一个动词shared，可以判断前后
的时态要一致，所以应该填recommended ，也要是一般过去时态。
典例3 On the last day of our week-long stay，we 69 (invite)to attend a
private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the
stars,70.listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
[were invited 由“On the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为
一般过去时。根据句意知我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。
主语为we，故填were invited。]
3动词 --- 非谓语用法 to do / doing / done
判断所填空处为非谓语动词之后，根据以下考点：
典例1 Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene 64 (declare)
she had no plans 65.to retire from her 36-year-old business.(2019·全国Ⅱ)
课后自主练习
典例2 On the last day of our week-long stay，we 69 (invite)to attend a
private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the
stars,70.listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
1 形容词--副词 词性转换
2 形容词--副词 级别变化
人称代词--形容词性物主代词--名词性物主代词--反身代词
典例12 Tenzin, along with _____(he) fellow students, was selected from more
than 60 candidates, all of whom are from remote regions in Tibet.
提示词为代词: 一般考查人称代词变为物主代词，主格变为宾格， 有时也考查
人称代词变为反身代词。
典例13 When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find
68 (they) alive.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
【解析】[them 此处作find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。]
课后自主练习
填连词, 构成并列、转折、选择、因果关系。
空格后有可数名词，或者有序数词、最高级等形式，一般是填冠词。
填代词，指代前面提到的名词或句子。
Many westerners who come to
China cook much less than in
their own countries once they
realize how cheap 58____
can be to eat out.(2018·浙江)
答案：it
分析句子结构可知，不定式
to eat out是真正的主语，it 是
形式主语。填it。
it is / can be cheap to eat out
how cheap it is / can be to eat out.
填介词，位于名词、名词词组、代词或动名词前；
动词后面的固定搭配，需要强化记忆。
。
We were first greeted with the
barking by a pack 63 dogs，
seven to be exact.
(2019·全国Ⅲ)
答案：of
考查介词。固定短语a pack of
意为“一群”。故填of。]
填从句引导词： 当空格后为句子，而此句子又不与前面或后面的
句子并列时，一般是填从句引导词。
考向一 有提示词 设置7个小题
高频
考点
谓语动词 1~2题：考查时态语态及主谓一 致.其中涉及语态方面的不
超过1题，答案最多三个单词。
非谓语动词 1~3题：考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。
派生词 1~3题： 考查方式有动词派生为名词.名词派生为形容词或
动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。
名词 0~1题: 主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所
有格。
形容词和副词类 0~1题: 主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级
或最高级。
低频
考点
代词: 0~1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性
物主代词、反身代词等。
考向二 无提示词 设置3个小题
高频
考点
介词 0~1题：重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般
不涉及短语介词。
冠词 0~1题：重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，
一般不涉及零冠词。
从属关联词 0~2题：侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句
的引导词也偶有涉及。
并列连词 0~1题：并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。
低频
考点
其他 0~1题：包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的do, does, did;构成部分倒
装的do, does，did;构成一般疑问句的do, does ,did),
构成强调结构的it或that,
连接性副词(before, ago, however ,anyway... )等。
Classical Chinese garden design aims to create a natural landscape on a small scale and
emphasize the perfect harmony between man and nature.
A Chinese garden 1 (be) like a scroll(卷轴)painting, 2 (show) a series of carefully
composed scenes. New views are revealed as one walks along the pathways. In the gardens,
3 most frequently meets the eye is winding paths that seemingly lead to nowhere.
There, a path seems to end, but all of 4 sudden, a new world is rolled out before you:
pavilions(亭子), rock formations, spring waters—all combined to provide a pleasant surprise!
At the 5 (enter) to a Chinese garden, there is usually a huge stone or wall. 6 (use) to
screen your view so as to later produce unimaginable delight when you turn
around the wall. A Chinese garden may have windows in all 7 (it) four walls. And it is
8 (interest) that, through the windows, visitors may see different views at different angles,
and thus the composition of the garden becomes enlarged.
A Chinese garden is where culture is both created and enjoyed. All plants mark the shift of
the 9 (season). Similarly, water, a symbol of the ever-changing, 10 rocks, a symbol of
the eternal(永恒的), create a harmonious balance of nature's yin and yang.
课后练习
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。中国古典园林设计的目的是创造一个小规模的自然
景观,强调人与自然的完美和谐。中国古典园林就像一幅卷轴画,展示了一系列精
心构成的场景。
1.is 考查动词时态及主谓一致。分析句子可知,本句中的主语是单数,所以谓语动
词要用is。
2.showing 考查非谓语作定语。句意:一个中国园林就像一卷画,展示了一系列精
心构成的场景。此处在句中可作定语,修饰painting, 二者是主动关系,故用showing。
3.what 考查名词性从句。句意:在园林里,最常见到的是蜿蜒的小径,似乎是无尽
的。句中主语从句中缺少主语,故填what。
4.a 考查固定搭配。all of a sudden, 为固定搭配,意为“突然地”,故填a。
5.entrance 考查名词。分析句子可知,空格处前有定冠词the,故要用enter的名词形
式entrance。
6.used 考查非谓语动词作定语。在中国园林的入口处,通常有一块巨大的石头或
墙用来遮挡你的视线。分析句子可知,此处作stone or wall 的定语,二者是被动关系,
故填used。
7.its 考查代词。句意:中国园林可能在它所有的四个墙壁上都有窗户。故填its(它
的)。
8.interesting 考查形容词。有趣的是,通过窗户,游客们可以在不同的角度看到不
同的风景。It is+adj.+that从句,而interest是名词,所以用其形容词形式。
9.seasons 考查名词复数。句意:所有的植物都标志着季节的变化。一年有四季,
故要用复数形式。
10.and 考查连词。句意:同样,水是千变万化的象征,岩石是永恒的象征,它们创造
了自然界阴阳的和谐。分析句子可知“水”和“岩石”二者是并列的主语,所以要
填and。
专题二 短文改错
抽象名间、物质名词泛指时是否多了冠词 判断名词前的冠词是否误用 a/an
及物动间后受母语影响是否多了介词 句中名词该用单数还是复数
不定式前是否多了应该省略的“to” 根据上下文判断动词时态、语态是否
有误，主谓搭配是否正确
时间状语中是否多用了介词 根据上下文判断非谓语动词是否误用
形容词、副词比较结构中是否多了more ①人称代词的格是否误用 my/mine
②)代词前后指代是否一致 it/them
③)定语从句中关系词是否误用
固定搭配是否多了冠词
名词前是否缺冠词
缺
词
不及物动词后是否缺介词 判断句中形容词和副词是否混淆使用
不定式中是否缺少了不该省略的“to” 习惯用法中介词是否误用
被动语态中是否缺少了助动词be 判断句中并列连词、从属连词是否误
用将形容词、副词或介词视作动词，致使句
子缺少谓语动词be
动词形式的错误设置一般包括以下三个方面： 1.动词的时态和语态错误。
2.主、谓不一致的错误。
3.非谓语动词的误用。
一、动词形式
典例1 One was that...And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
(2019·全国Ⅱ)
[is→was 考查动词的时态。整篇文章使用的都是一般过去时，且上文中的
“One was that...”用的也是一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去
时。这里讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。]
典例2 Now my dream is to opens a cafe.Though it may appear simple，it
required a lot of ideas and efforts.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
[opens→open 不定式作表语，to后用动词原形。故把 opens改为 open。
required→requires 后一句考查动词的时态。短文的主体时态是一般现在时。
故把 required改为 requires。]
典例3 I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.
(2019·全国Ⅰ)
[interesting→interested 考查形容词。短语become interested in意为“变得
对……感兴趣”。interesting有趣的，吸引人的，通常描述事物；interested感
兴趣的，通常描述人的感受。本句主语是人，故把interesting改为interested。]
典例4 If I succeed in manage one，I will open more.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
[manage→managing 考查非谓词动词。succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事。]
二、名词的数
典例5 All the football player on the playground cheered loudly，saying that I
had a talent for football.(2019·全国Ⅰ)
[player→players “player(运动员)”为可数名词，所以all(所有的)后需要用
player的复数形式。故将player改为players。]
名词单复数的错误设置一般包括以下三个方面：
1.可数名词单复数的错用：一般考查错把复数用作单数，有时也考查错把单数
用作复数。
2.不可数名词单复数的错用：不可数名词没有复数形式。
3.可数名词与不可数名词混淆：有些词既可用作可数名词也可用作不可数名词，
应注意具体语境。
解题时要理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别与联系；记清一些用于固定词组中
名词的特殊用法。
典例6 Since I was a kid，I’ve considered different job I would like to do.
(2019·全国Ⅱ)
[job→jobs “job(工作；职业)”为可数名词，用different(不同的)修饰时意思
为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。]
典例7 I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
[city→cities many different后跟可数名词的复数形式。故把city改为cities。]
三、注意形和副 形容词和副词的错误设置一般包括以下两个方面：
1.形容词和副词的误用。
2.原级、比较级和最高级的误用。
典例8 I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.
(2019·全国Ⅰ)
[hardly→hard “hard(用力地)”与“hardly(几乎不)”都为副词，但是词义
不同。此处表示“我用力把球踢回操场”，故将hardly改为hard。]
典例9 First，I wanted to be a fireman，whose uniform looked so coolly.
(2019·全国Ⅱ)
[coolly→cool 句中的look为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly
改为cool。]
典例10 One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel
much better after seeing a doctor.(2019·全国Ⅱ)
[amazing→amazed amazed吃惊的，惊讶的；amazing令人吃惊的，令人惊
讶的。v.-ed形容词说明人的感受，意为“感到……的”；v.-ing形容词描述人
或事物本身具有的特征，意为“令人……的”，此处说明主语I的感受，故用
v.-ed形式的形容词。]
典例11 What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.
(2019·全国Ⅲ)
[ordinarily→ordinary 修饰名词cafe应用形容词。故把ordinarily改为
ordinary。]
四、代词的格与数
代词的错误设置一般包括以下两个方面：
1.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等。
2.不定代词的误用及混用。
五、介词短语须关注
典例13 I want my cafe to have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”.
(2019·全国Ⅲ)
[删除like such as和like都表示“例如”，句意重复。故把like删除。]
介词的错误设置主要考查介词短语和习惯用法的搭配。
典例12 In the cafe，customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical
environment that is created for them.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
[yourselves→themselves 此处指代主语customers，故把 yourselves改为
themselves。]
六、连词、从句常光顾
典例14 Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.
(2019·全国Ⅰ)
[but→and “足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关
系。故将but改为and。]
1.连词but，and，or，because，so的用法错误
考生应认真分析句子结构，如果是并列句或复合句，要特别注意前后分句或主
从句的关系，确保在意义和结构上通顺流畅。
典例15 When I studied chemistry in high school，I reconsidered my goal or
decided to be a doctor.(2019·全国Ⅱ)
[or→and reconsidered my goal和decided to be a doctor之间为顺承关系，并
非选择关系，故将or改为and。]
2.各大从句细揣摩
典例16 One afternoon where I was in primary school，I was walking by the
school playground.(2019·全国Ⅰ)
[where→when 本句含有一个定语从句，先行词为One afternoon，且引导词
在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。故把where改为when。]
短文改错
Proofreading
When I first reached junior high school without my parents, I was very happy. Then I
saw them getting further away from school gate. I started crying because of the thought
of not often seeing my parents drove me crazily. I was then taken to my dorm in that I
found other children very happy. I was sick because I hated eating the school food. I
failed to concentrating in class. All I could think of was being at home with my family.
As time gone by, I gradually adapted me to the school life. Thank to my parents, I final-
ly learned to be independence and control my emotions.
答案
When I first reached junior high school ① my parents, I was very happy.
Then I saw them getting further away from ②∧the或my school gate. I started crying
because ③ the thought of not often seeing my parents drove me ④ . I was
then taken to my dorm in ⑤ I found other children very happy. I was sick be
cause I hated eating the school food. I failed to ⑥ in class. All I could
think of was being at home with my family. As time ⑦ by, I gradually adapted
without
with
crazily
crazy
that
which
concentrating
concentrate
gone
went
to the school life. ⑨ to my parents, I finally learned to be ⑩
and control my emotions.
me
myself
Thank
Thanks
independence
independent⑧
解析
①考查介词。 根据下文Then I saw them getting further away...可知,作者的父母陪
着他去上学了,故将without改为with。
②考查定冠词或形容词性物主代词。此处特指“我学校的校门”,应使用定冠词或
形容词性物主代词。故在school前加the或my。
③考查连词。 because是连词,其后接从句;because of为介词短语,后不能跟句子,应
去掉because后的of。
④考查固定搭配。drive sb./sth.+adj. 使某人/某事怎么样。
⑤考查定语从句。此处先行词是my dorm,指物,关系词在介词in后,应使用关系代词
which引导,in which=where。
⑥考查固定搭配。 fail to do sth. 没能做某事。
⑦考查动词的时态。as引导时间状语从句,根据语境,应使用一般过去时。故将gone
改为went。
⑧考查反身代词。固定搭配:adapt oneself to“使某人自己适应”。
⑨考查固定搭配。thanks to 由于;幸亏。
⑩考查形容词。此处作表语,应使用形容词。故将independence改为independent。
Thanks
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