1 真题分析
2 知识梳理
3 解题技巧
4 真题训练
年份 试卷 所考题型 出现位
置
所占分
值 所考知识点
2020
全国卷I 语法填空 66 1.5分 where
全国卷III 语法填空 64 1.5分 whose
2019
全国卷II 语法填空 62 1.5分 which
全国卷III 语法填空 64 1.5分 that/who
2018 全国卷I 语法填空 66 1.5分 that/which
全国卷II 语法填空 69 1.5分 that/which
2017 全国卷I 语法填空 70 1.5分 which
全国卷III 语法填空 64 1.5分 who
2016 全国卷I 语法填空 65 1.5分 when
全国卷III 语法填空 47 1.5分 who
2015 全国卷I 语法填空 64 1.5分 that/which
2014 全国卷I 语法填空 67 1.5分 which
年份 试卷 所考题
型
所占分
值 所考知识点
2020
全国卷
II
短文改
错 1分 what→which
全国卷
III
短文改
错 1分 what→that
2019 全国卷
III
短文改
错 1分 what→that
2018 全国卷
I
短文改
错 1分 which→where
2017
全国卷
II
短文改
错 1分 that→which
全国卷
III
短文改
错 1分 they→that
定 语 从 句
定语是用来修饰、限定、说明人或物的品质和特征的。
在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或名词词组的从句叫
定语从句或形容词性从句。
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
This is the soldier who saved the boy’s life.
先行词 关系词
主句 定语从句
一、关系代词
引导定语从句的关系代词包括 that, which, who, whom, whose, as。 关系
代词有三个作用：
1. 连接主句和从句；
2. 指代被修饰的先行词(这就是“关系代词”的由来);
3. 在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语， 且与先行词保持数的
一致。
关系
代词
代替功能
在从句中所充
当的成分
例 句
who 代替人
主语
This is the boy who won the first prize
yesterday.
宾语 This is the boy who I met yesterday.
whom 代替人 宾语 This is the man whom I met yesterday.
关系
代词
代替功
能
在从句中所充
当的成分
例 句
that
代替人
主语
The man that is playing the piano now is
my music teacher.
宾语 Is this the man that you met yesterday?
表语 She is no longer the girl that she used to be.
代替物
主语
The work that has been finished is very
important.
宾语 The train that he took was late for an hour.
关系
代词
代替功能
在从句中所充
当的成分
例 句
which 代替物
主语
The book which is about London cost
20 yuan.
宾语
The book which I bought yesterday
costs 20 yuan.
关系
代词
代替功能
在从句中所充
当的成分
例 句
whose
代替人
定语
The girl whose name is Mary is the top
student in our class.
代替物
The book whose cover is red is about
London.
as
代替人 主语
He is such a person as is respected by all of
us.
代替物 宾语 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
◆填上合适的关系代词。
1. The man _____________________ you met just now is my old friend.
2. This is the factory _______________ I visited last year.
3. Let me show you the novel _____________ I borrowed from the library.
4. Have you seen the film Titanic, ________ leading actor is world－famous?
5. He is not such a fool ________ he looks.
6. Look out! Don't get too close to the house ________ roof is under repair.
who/whom/that/不填
which/that/不填
which/that/不填
whose
as
whose
二、介词＋关系代词(which/whom)
当关系代词用作介词的宾语时， 我们可以把介词移到关系代词前面，
构成“介词＋which/whom”的结构来引导定语从句。如：
(1)The school(that/which)he once studied in is very famous.
＝ The school in which he once studied is very famous.
(2)We'll go to hear the famous singer(whom/that/who)we have often talked
about.
＝ We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
1. 介词的选用原则
A. 依据定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配
Mr. Smith bought a new house ________ which he spent all his money.
(on, spend some money on sth.)
This is the book ________ which he paid 8 dollars.
(for, pay some money for sth.)
B. 依据先行词的某种习惯搭配确定
I still remember the day ________ which I joined the army.
(on, 强调具体某一天用on, I joined the army on the day)
I still remember the days ________ which I lived there.
(during, 强调某几天内用during, I lived there during the days)
C. 根据所表达的意思确定
The gas ________ which we cannot live is called oxygen.
(without, without the gas, we cannot…)
◆用适当的介词填空。
1. Who is the man ________ whom you shook hands?
2. He works in a factory, ________ which there is a river.
3. Give me the book, the cover ________ which is red.
4. This is the neighbor ________ whom I borrowed the bicycle.
5. The chair ________ which he is sitting is made of wood.
6. The car ________ which he paid 210, 000 yuan is made in Shanghai.
7. Wang Hong, ________ whom I went to the party yesterday, enjoyed
herself very much.
with
near
of
from
on
for
with
2. 注意事项
“介词＋关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each,
few等代词、数词或者名词。
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big
cities.
(3) The boat, the name of which is Topsail, is famous.
(4) I bought many books yesterday, three of which are written by Lu Xun.
指人时宜用who而不用that的情况：
1、先行词是one, ones, anyone, those等；
One who has nothing to fear for himself dares to tell the truth.
2、先行词是he, they, people等时；
There are many young people who like his songs very
much.
He who has not reached the Great Wall isn’t a true man.
三、关系代词使用的特殊情况
宜用that引导定语从句的情况
1、先行词是anything, everything, nothing, something, few, all, none, little,
some等不定代词，或者被every, any, all, some, no, little, few等修饰时；
Have you written down everything (that) he has said?
All that can be done has already been done.
I have read all the books (that) you lent me.
2、先行词是序数词或形容词最高级，或者被其修饰时
The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.
The first place (that) they visited in London was the Big Ben.
This is the best film (that) I have seen.
3、当先行词被the very, the only, the same, the last等修饰时；
This is the very dictionary (that) I want to buy.
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing (that)
he owned.
This is the very book (that) I’m looking for.
4、当先行词既有人又有物时；
Can you remember the scientist and his theory (that) we
have learned?
5、先行词是there be句型的主语时；
There are still four seats that have not been occupied.
6、主句中已有who或which时，为避免重复。
Who is the man that is standing there?
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
只能用which的情况:
1、“介词+先行词”引导定语从句，先行词指物时；
The world in _______ we live is made of matter.
The world __________ we live in is made of matter.
2、引导非限制性定语从句，指物或主句时。
The most important form of energy is electrical energy,
which is widely used in our daily life.
He failed to pass the test, which upset his parents.
which
that/which
As和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
1、as引导的非限制性定语从句可以位于句首、句中或句末，而which引
导的从句只能放在主句之后。
As we all expected, the plan turned out to be a great success.
Shanghai, as we all know, is a big city in China.
The number of students is increasing, as/which is natural.
Pat failed to pass the driving test, which upset him very much.
2、当从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，宜用which。
You pretended not to know me, which I didn’t understand.
3、搭配such、as、the same等时用as。
I never heard such stories as she tells.
She is still such a lovely girl as she was five years ago.
4、常见的as的固定句型：
As is often the case, As is known to all,
As was expected, As is mentioned above,
As has been said before, As often happens,
四、限制性、非限制性定语从句的区别
1. 限制性定语从句中间无逗号隔开， 非限制性定语从句中间有逗号隔开。
2. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的翻译。
限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切， 翻译时放在先行词之前， 而非限制
性定语从句与先行词关系没那么密切， 通常翻译成一个分句，对先行词
进行补充说明。
The boy who is standing in front of the building is my brother.
正站在楼前面的那个男孩是我弟弟/哥哥。
The boy, who is standing in front of the building, is my brother.
那个男孩是我弟弟/哥哥， 他正在楼前站着呢。
The old man has a son who is in the army.
这个老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。
The old man has a son, who is in the army.
这个老人有一个儿子， 他儿子在部队工作。
一、用适当的关系代词填空。
1. The man ___________ is walking on the playground is my old friend.
2. Jack studied in a village school, ________ is named after his grandfather.
3. Lu Xun, ________ real name was Zhou Shuren, wrote many political
novels and essays.
4. He is such a clever child ________ everyone likes.
5. He lives in a small village ________ is three miles away from his school.
6. He was educated at the local high school, ____________ he went on to
Beijing University.
who/that
which
whose
as
that/which
after which
7. ________ is known to all, China has the largest population in the world.
8. He was late for school, ________ was usual for him.
9. This is the last train ________ will go to Suzhou.
10. I like the second novel ________ I read in the summer holidays.
11. All the presents ________ your friends gave you on your birthday should
be put away.
12. He was late for the opening ceremony, ________ was very surprising to
me.
As
which
that
that
that
which
13. Our grandma, __________ we called “Nanny”， would always bake
bread a day ahead.
14. The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be
inspirations for great inventions.
15. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of
________ uses it differently.
16. The USA is a large country, in ________ many different dialects are
spoken.
who/whom
which/that
which
which
引导定语从句的关系副词包括 when, where, why。
关系副词有两个作用： 1. 连接主句和从句；
2. 在定语从句中充当状语(时间状语、地点状语、原因状语)。
关系副词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 例 句
when 时间名词 时间状语 She still remembers the day
when she won the prize
where 地点名词 地点状语 This is the factory where his
father works.
why reason 原因状语 He didn't know the reason why
he was late.
引导定语从句时， 关系副词when, where, why等可以与“介词＋ which”互换。
如：
The day when she arrived was Thursday.
＝The day on which she arrived was Thursday.
她到的那天是星期四。
Do you remember the place where we had lunch?
＝Do you remember the place at which we had lunch?
你记得我们吃午饭的地方吗？
The reason why I came here was to be with my family.
＝The reason for which I came here was to be with my family.
我到这里来的原因是要跟我的家人在一起。
关系副词与相对应的介词＋关系代词
关系
副词
when 时间 at/in/on/during…＋ which
where 地点 at/in/to…＋which
why 原因 for which
定语从句与强调句的区别
1. 强调句的基本句型结构：
It is/was ＋被强调的部分＋ that/who＋ 句子的剩余成分
(被强调的部分是人时， 可用who或that, 其余的一律用that)
It was Jim that told us the news. (强调句型的陈述句形式)
Was it Jim that told us the news？(强调句型的一般疑问句形式)
Who was it that told us the news？(强调句型的特殊疑问句形式)
2. 强调句型特点： 去掉It be…that/who…， 句子成分完整。
It is in the street that I met her. (强调句)
把it is that 去掉， 句子完整： In the street I met her.
It is clear that not all boys like football.
去掉it is that后， clear not all boys like football不完整， 不是强调句，
而是主语从句。
3. 强调句中只有that/who, 不会出现where, which, when等。
It is the street where I met her.(定语从句， where为关系副词，
作定语从句中的地点状语。)
4. 如果强调时间地点， 就看前面有没有介词， 有介词就是强调句， 没
有介词就是定语从句。如：
It was in the park that she lost her necklace.(强调句， 强调地点状语)
→She lost her necklace in the park.(去掉It was… that…后， 句子仍然成立)
It was in 1991 that I was born.(强调句， 强调时间状语)
→I was born in 1991.(去掉It was… that…后， 句子仍然成立)
It was 1991 when I was born.(定语从句)
→1991 I was born.(去掉It was…when…后， 句子不成立)
判断定语从句
判断从句成分
选关系词
无提示词→空前后有谓语→ 从句形容单词
1. 从句缺主宾: 关系代词
，which物 who 人
介词+ which 物 whom 人
2. 从句完整：关系副词
｛ that
｛ 时间 when
地点 where
1. 关系代词:
2. 关系副词：
原因 why
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。
1. A football fan is a person ________ has a strong interest in football.
2. Is there anyone in your class ________ family is in the country?
3. The school ________ his sister works is a key school.
4. This is the place ________ John was born.
5. That is the hotel ________ we stayed last year.
6. I don't believe the reason __________ you told me.
7. The school ________ his sister once studied in is a key school.
8. This is the book ________ cover is blue.
who/that
whose
where
where
where
that/which
which
whose
9. The woman _______________ we talked about is my sister.
10. School is a place ________ children are educated.
11. The rulers __________ are made of plastic are usually colorful.
12. People ________ agree with the system say that it gives parents a larger
choice of schools.
13. Was it on a lonely island ________ he was saved one month after the
boat went down?
that/who/whom
where
that/which
that/who
that
14. —Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
—Of course, I have. It was in our village ________ it was made.
15. It was in New Zealand ________ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.
that
that
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。
1. Mr. Smith returned to the small town ________ he grew up as a child.
2. I still remember the day ________ I first came to Beijing.
3. Can you tell me the reason ________ you don't want to study abroad?
4. The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make
a living.
5. Do you know the girl ________ father died in Iraq.
6. It is not a rule ___________ everybody chooses to follow.
where
when
why
when
whose
that/which
7. This was the best model of the TV set ________ the factory produced last
year.
8. This is the house __________ we have just painted.
9. All the neighbors admire this family, ________ the parents are treating
their child like a friend.
10. Sales director is a position ________ communication ability is just as
important as sales skills.
11. It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do
________ benefits our work most.
that
that/which
where
where
that
12. I shall never forget those years ________ I lived on the farm with the
farmers.
13. We all know that this is the second book ________ he has ever written.
14. I don't like the girl ______________ you are talking about.
15. The film ___________ I have enjoyed most is The Sound of Music.
when
that
that/who/whom
that/which
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。
1. October 15th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.
2. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease
called Bird Flu is being studied.
3. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must
unify it.
4. I shall never forget the day ________ Shenzhou V was launched.
5. There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world.
which
where
As
when
as
6. The humans are destroying nature day by day, ________ of course, will
cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.
7. He told everything ________ he had seen in the traffic accident.
8. Those ________ have six or more close friends are described as “very
happy”．
9. Michel Crozier, with ________ help Daisy passed the exam, was one of
the straight A students of the school.
10. The days __________ we spent in Tokyo together will never be forgotten.
which
that
who
whose
that/which
11. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ________ help I would never
have got this far.
12. That is the day ____________I'll never forget.
13. The factory ___________we'll visit next week is not far from here.
14. This is the reason ________he didn't come to the meeting.
15. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house ________ I would be
staying.
16. Mr. Wu, ________ everybody likes, is going to give us a talk on
chemistry.
whose
that/which
that/which
why
where
whom
17. Please send us all the information ________ you have about the position.
18. The river, ________ runs through the center of the city, brings us lots of
pleasure.
19. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at
recognizing their own strengths.
20. It was heard in Beijing, ________ is one hundred kilometers away.
21. This was a film in ________ the director used real actors instead of toys.
22. The general at last got a chance to visit the village ________ he used to
fight for years.
that
which
who
which
which
where
23. I knew I had to do everything ________ was right.
24. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, ________
made one of the Chinese people's longheld dreams come true.
25. Please send us all the information ________ you have about the
candidate for the position.
26. A person ________ e－mail account is full won't be able to send or
receive any e－mails.
27. It is an old film ___________ won five prizes.
28. The place ___________interested me most was the Children's Palace.
that
which
that
whose
that/which
that/which
29. This is the hotel ________ they stayed last month.
30. Do you know the year ________the Chinese Communist Party was
founded?
where
when
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