押题精选 02 阅读理解说明文
Passage 1
An international group of electronic music composers is taking beats from the dance club to jungles and
forests and back, all to help save nature's greatest singers. A Guide to the Birdsong of Mexico, Central America and
the Caribbean is a new album that includes the sounds of endangered birds. The album will come out next month,
whose proceeds will go directly towards efforts to save birds.
The whole project was born out of this idea of trying to combine birdsong, electronic music and conservation.
A Guide to the Birdsong of Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean was organized by activist, music producer,
Robin Perkins. He invited artists from each of the endangered birds 'homelands to build their own songs around the
birds’ songs. There are contributions from ten artists in eight different countries.
First single Black Catbird was created by The Garifuna Collective, from Belize. Al Obando, guitarist and
producer of the group, always took in national parks and viewed birds when on the road with the band. “There are
no trails, and there are no signs there to tell you about what you reseeing,” Obando says. “So we're trying to do
something for the birds and nature tourism.”
Another musician who responded to Robin's call is Tamara Montenegro, an artist from Nicaragua. She was
shocked to hear of the serious situation of the Guardabarranco after being approached: “This beautiful creature I
grew up adoring also faced the influence of the systematic human activities”. In response, she created a song
inspired by this bird and the challenges it faces to live naturally.
The new album is the second edition, following on from A Guide to the Birdsong of South America, produced
by Robin in 2015. That first album has raised, to date, over $15,000 benefitting conservation projects in South
America. As with the first album, all of the money from the sales of the new album will support specific
organizations, including Birds Caribbean.
1. What does the underlined word “proceeds” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Profits. B. Budgets. C. Challenges. D. Effects.
2. What do we know about Al Obando?
A. He created a hit single himself.
B. He was fond of observing birds.
C. He was the organizer of the new album.
D. He did a lot for birds in South America.
3. Why was Tamara astonished to learn of the Guardabarranco?
A. It was friendly to humans.
B. It was beautiful in appearance.
C. It was losing its living environment.
D. It was facing challenges from other birds.
4. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A. To collect money for a project.
B. To popularize electronic music.
C. To recommend some famous artists.
D. To introduce a new album of electronic music.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了《墨西哥、中美洲和加勒比地区的鸟鸣指南》是一
张将要发行的电子音乐专辑，其收益将直接用于拯救鸟类的行动。
1.A 【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章最后两句“That first album has raised, to date, over $15,000 benefitting
conservation projects in South America. As with the first album, all of the money from the sales of the new
album will support specific organizations, including Birds Caribbean.”可知，迄今为止第一张专辑已经筹集
了超过 15000 美元，使南美洲的保护项目受益。与第一张专辑一样，新专辑销售的全部收入将用于支
持特定组织，包括 Birds Caribbean。由此可知，新专辑产生的 “收益”将直接用于拯救鸟类的行动，因
此划线词的意思应为“收入，收益”。故选 A 项。
2.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Al Obando, guitarist and producer of the group, always took in
national parks and viewed birds when on the road with the band.”可知，乐队的吉他手兼制作人 Al Obando
经常在国家公园里参观，并在与乐队一起出行时欣赏鸟类。由此可知，Al Obando 喜欢游览公园、观赏
鸟类。故选 B 项。
3. C 【 解 析 】 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 第 四 段 中 的 “She was shocked to hear of the serious situation of the
Guardabarranco ,this beautiful creature I grew up adoring also faced the influence of the systematic human
activities”.”可知，她震惊地听到了瓜达巴兰科鸟所处的严峻形势，从小到大她一直喜爱的这个美丽的
生物也面临着系统的人类活动的影响。由此可推知，使她感到吃惊的是这类鸟因为人类活动的影响
正在丧失其生存环境而处于濒临灭绝的境遇中。故选 C 项。
4.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“An international group of electronic music composers is taking beats
from the dance club to jungles and forests and back, all to help save nature’s greatest singers. A Guide to the
Birdsong of Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean is a new album that includes the sounds of
endangered birds.”可知，一个国际电子音乐作曲家团体往返于舞蹈俱乐部、丛林和森林之间以帮助拯救
大自然中最伟大的歌手。《墨西哥、中美洲和加勒比地区的鸟鸣指南》是一张新专辑，其中包括濒临灭
绝的鸟类的声音。根据第二段中的“The whole project was born out of this idea of trying to combine
birdsong, electronic music and conservation.”可知，整个项目就是基于将鸟鸣，电子音乐和自然保护相结
合的想法而诞生的。根据第三段的“First single Black Catbird was created by The Garifuna Collective, from
Belize. ”可知，来自 Belize 的 Garifuna Collective 创作了第一只单曲 Black Catbird。根据第四段中的
“Another musician who responded to Robin’s call is Tamara Montenegro, an artist from Nicaragua. ”可知，回
应 Robin 的呼吁的另一位音乐家是尼加拉瓜的艺术家 Tamara Montenegro。由此可知，本文主要介绍的
是一张新电子音乐专辑《墨西哥、中美洲和加勒比地区的鸟鸣指南》，文章就其创作理念及部分单曲的
创作过程信息做了介绍。故选 D 项。
Passage 2
A new study on the link between chili and dementia(老年痴呆) may bring bad news for spicy food addicts.
Researchers have found that eating lots of chili may cause an increased risk of dementia.
The study, led by Zumin Shi, analyzed 4,582 Chinese adults aged 55 and above between 1991 and 2006 and
found evidence of faster cognitive decline in those who consistently ate more than 50 grams of chili a day. “Chili
consumption was found to be beneficial to body weight and blood pressure in our previous studies. However, in
this study, we found negative effects on cognition among older adults,” Shi said in a press release published
Tuesday.
“Chili is one of the most commonly used spices in the world and particularly popular in Asia compared to
European countries,” Ming Li from the University of Southern Australia said in the press release. “In certain
regions of China, such as Sichuan and Hunan, almost one in three adults consumes spicy food every day.”
The researchers said people of normal body weight may be more sensitive to chili intake and hence their
memory and weight suffer a bigger impact. Worldwide, around 50 million people have dementia, and Alzheimer’s
disease is the most common form that may contribute to 60 percent to 70 percent of the cases, according to the
World Health Organization. At present, no treatment can cure dementia or change its progressive course.
1. According to the text, what aspect is chili consumption harmful to?
A. Body shape. B. Body weight C. Blood pressure. D. Cognitive abilities.
2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The planting of chili. B. The popularity of chili.
C. The bad effects of chili D. The custom of eating chili.
3. Who are most likely to suffer from eating lots of chili?
A. Overweight seniors. B. Overweight teenagers.
C. Seniors of normal body weight D. Teenagers of normal body weight
4. What do we know about dementia?
A. It is incurable. B. It affects people’s weight.
C. It determines blood types. D. It can be cured by eating chili.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。研究发现，吃太多辣椒可能导致痴呆症。
1. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study, led by Zumin Shi, analyzed 4,582 Chinese adults aged 55 and
above between 1991 and 2006 and found evidence of faster cognitive decline in those who consistently ate
more than 50 grams of chili a day. (这项研究由施祖民领导，分析了 1991 年至 2006 年期间 4582 名 55 岁
及以上的中国成年人，发现有证据表明，每天吃辣椒超过 50 克的人认知能力下降得更快。)”可知，食
用辣椒对认知能力有害。故选 D 项。
2.B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段中““Chili is one of the most commonly used spices in the world and
particularly popular in Asia compared to European countries,” Ming Li from the University of Southern
Australia said in the press release. “In certain regions of China, such as Sichuan and Hunan, almost one in
three adults consumes spicy food every day.”(南澳大利亚大学的李明在新闻发布会上说：“辣椒是世界上使
用最广泛的香料之一，和欧洲国家相比，它在亚洲特别受欢迎。”“在中国的某些地区，如四川、湖南，
几乎三分之一的成年人每天都吃辛辣食物。”)”可知，本段主要讲了辣椒的受欢迎程度。故选 B 项。
3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The researchers said people of normal body weight may be more
sensitive to chili intake and hence their memory and weight suffer a bigger impact. (研究人员表示，体重正常
的人可能对摄入辣椒更敏感，因此他们的记忆力和体重受到更大的影响。)”和第二段中“However, in this
study, we found negative effects on cognition among older adults.(然而，在这项研究中，我们发现老年人的
认知能力受到了负面影响。)”可知，体重正常的老年人吃很多辣椒最有可能受到影响。故选 C 项。
4.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“At present, no treatment can cure dementia or change its progressive
course. (目前，没有治疗方法可以治愈痴呆或改变其进展过程。)”可知，痴呆症是无法治愈的。故选 A
项。
Passage 3
Researchers at CU Boulder have developed a wearable device that changes the human body into a biological
battery. The device is stretchy(弹性的) enough that you can wear it like a ring, sport band or any other thing that
touches your skin. It also taps into a person's natural heat-employing thermoelectric generators to change the body's
internal temperature into electricity. "In the future, we want to be able to power your wearable electronics without
having to include a battery," said Jianliang Xiao, an associate professor at CU Boulder.
The concept may sound like something out of The Matrix film series, in which a race of robots have enslaved
humans to harvest their precious organic energy. Xiao and his colleagues aren't that ambitious: Their devices can
generate about 1 volt (伏特) of energy for every square centimeter of skin space-less volt per area than what most
existing batteries provide but still enough to power electronics like watches or fitness trackers.
Scientists have previously experimented with similar wearable devices, but Xiao's is stretchy, can heal itself
when damaged and is fully recyclable-making it a cleaner alternative to traditional electronics. "Whenever you use
a battery, you're depleting(消耗) that battery and will, eventually, need to replace it," Xiao said. "The nice thing
about our device is that you can wear it, and it provides you with constant power."
Just pretend that you're out for a jog. As you exercise, your body heats up, and that heat will radiate out to the
cool air around you. Xiao's device captures that flow of energy rather than let it go to waste. "The thermoelectric
generators are in close contact with the human body, and they can use the heat that would normally be sent into the
environment," Xiao said.
1. What does Xiao expect of his device at present?
A. It will be used for medical purposes.
B. It will be made smaller and wearable.
C. It will change natural power into electricity.
D. It will supply constant power to wearable devices.
2. Why does the author mention The Matrix series in the text?
A. To give an explanation. B. To make a comparison.
C. To introduce a topic. D. To analyze the cause.
3. What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?
A. The strengths of Xiao's device.
B. The convenience of using a battery.
C. The replacement of wearable devices.
D. The development of traditional electronics.
4. What do we know about Xiao's device from the text?
A. It operates with plenty of power.
B. It is designed for practical use.
C. It benefits people's health in a way.
D. It's based on traditional electronics.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的科研团队近日研发出了一种新型可穿戴
设备，这种装置可以将人体“转化成”生物电池，从而为人们随身佩戴的电器设备提供持久动力。
1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“In the future, we want to be able to power your wearable electronics
without having to include a battery(未来，我们希望能够无需电池为可穿戴电子设备供电。)”可知，Xiao
希望自己团队的这个发明将来能够给人们随身佩戴的各种设备提供不竭的动力，而不使用传统电池。
故选 D。
2.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Xiao and his colleagues aren’t that ambitious(Xiao 和他的同事们没有那
么雄心勃勃)”可知，作者提及电影《黑客帝国》系列是为了把这项新发明同该电影里机器人对生物能源
的利用目的做对比。故选 B。
3.A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段中的“heal itself when damaged(受损后可以自我修复)”; “fully
recyclable(完全可回收)”及“provides you with constant power(给你源源不断的能量)”。可知，该段主要讲
述 Xiao 团队的这个发明的优点。故选 A。
4.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知，Xiao 团队的这个发明在人们快步走时就能发挥功能，
提供的电力足可以媲美人们通常佩戴的手表电池，因此这是一项非常有实际利用价值的发明。故选 B。
Passage 4
Chances are that you’ve seen a movie or played a video game that contains a cyborg（半人半机器的生物）.
These half-man-half-machine beings have been a vision of many creative writers. But it seems that some people
can’t wait for the future to arrive.
At the Body Hacking Conference in 2017, held in Texas, US, hundreds of science fiction fans from all over the
world gathered to show off their body hacks. Rob Spence, 45, had his right eye removed after an accident. Soon
after, he decided he wanted to replace it with something more interesting. The minute I learned that I was losing my
eye, I began researching how I could turn it into a camera, he told Wired.
This is an extreme example, and body hacking doesn’t always take things so far. For example, around the
world, many people are choosing to get NFC chips implanted in their hands. This is the same technology as used in
smartphones, and it allows users to pay for things or even unlock their cars just by using their fingertips. The chip is
the same size as a grain of rice and can be fixed and removed easily without much pain.
Hannes Sjoblad, founder of a Swedish body hacking group, believes that these implants are just the natural
next step for smart technology that is already in wide use, such as smartwatches.
We are updating our bodies with technology on a large scale already with wearables. But all of the wearables
we wear today will be implantable in 5 to 10 years, he told Business Insider.
Sjoblad believes that such implants will become a regular part of our lives. Indeed, his group was asked to put
chips in the hands of employees at a company in Sweden, allowing them to do things like opening doors, paying for
lunch, and using the copy machine in the office.
Who wants to carry a clumsy smartphone or smartwatch when people can have it in the finger-nail? he said.
1. A cyborg is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to _____.
A. share a new invention B. introduce the topic
C. promote a game D. stress technology
2. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that ________.
A. Rob Spence had his right eye replaced by a camera
B. Rob Spence thought it lucky to lose his right eye
C. Body Hacking Conference is just an attraction for the disabled
D. Body Hacking Conference is intended for science fiction writers
3. What does Hannes Sjoblad probably agree with?
A. Body hacking is taking things 1oo far.
B. There will be no wearables in 5 to 10 years.
C. Compared with smartphones, implants are more convenient.
D. Implants are totally necessary for everyone in their daily life.
4. The best tile for the text will be _____.
A. Life made easier through technology B. Implants accepted worldwide
C. New choices are on the way D. Body hacking brings a bright future
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章向读者说明了人体植入科技技术给人们的工作和生活带来的影响。
1. B【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Chances are that you’ve seen a movie or played a video game that contains
a cyborg.These half-man-half-machine beings have been a vision of many creative writers.（你很有可能看过
电影，或者玩过涉及半人半机器的生物的电子游戏。这些半人半机器的生物一直是许多有创造力的作
家的梦想。）”可推断，通过一个半人半机器的生物引出下文的智能技术这个话题。故选 B。
2. A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的“The minute I learned that I was losing my eye, I began researching how
I could turn it into a camera（在我得知我的眼睛快要失明的那一刻，我就开始研究如何把它变成照相机）”
可推断，罗布·斯宾塞用照相机代替了他的右眼。故选 A。
3.C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Who wants to carry a clumsy smartphone or smartwatch when people can
have it in the finger-nail?（当人们可以把手机放在指甲里时，谁还想随身携带笨拙的智能手机或智能手
表呢?）”可知，Hannes Sjoblad 可能认为与智能手机相比，植入物更方便。故选 C。
4.D 【解析】主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其是倒数第二段“Sjoblad believes that such implants will become a
regular part of our lives. Sjoblad 相信这种植入物将成为我们生活的一部分”。根据最后一段“Who wants to
carry a clumsy smartphone or smartwatch when people can have it in the finger-nail?（当人们可以把手机放
在指甲里时，谁还想随身携带笨拙的智能手机或智能手表呢?）可知，本文主要介绍了人体植入科技技
术给人们的工作和生活带来的影响。所以短文的最佳标题为“人体植入科技技术有一个美好的未来”。故
选 D。
Passage 5
Bangkok's future hangs in the balance. Rising sea levels, unchecked development and rapid urban
population growth have left millions helpless to natural disasters — scientists warn the city Bangkok may not
survive the century.
But it does have a secret weapon in its battle to resist the impact of a hotter planet — LANDPROCESS, a
Bangkok-based landscape architecture and urban design company founded in 2011 by the landscape architect
Kotchakom Vbrkaakhom. She wants to shift the orientation from growth to the actions on environment and land
and promotes mindful development instead of mindless construction.
She made her name by creating the internationally acknowledged Chulalongkorn University Centenary Park,
an 11-acre space in central Bangkok, which tilts （倾斜）downward at a 3-degree angle, allowing rainwater to flow
through the grass and wetlands. Water that’ s not absorbed by the plants runs down to a pond at the base of the park,
where it can be stored for use during dry spells. In case of severe flooding, the park can hold up to a million gallons
of water.
In 2018, she created Asia’s largest rooftop farm, which imitates the region’s famed rice terraces（梯田）,
preserving both water and soil. Uniquely, winding around the 22,400m2 rooftop is a jogging path and a lawn.
Green space design of ecological cities emerged one after another, which not only expanded the design ideas
of landscape industry, but also provided new strategies for people to deal with climate problems.
Later this year she will carry out plans to transform a vast, unused bridge crossing the Chao Phraya River into
a park with bicycle lanes, bringing more green space. Kotchakom has even greater ambitions fbr her hometown —
she wants to reuse the more than 1,000 canals that snake through Bangkok that are currently used fbr waste water.
"Canals have so much life, so much potential to be public green space and a skeleton（框架）of the whole city," she
explains.
LANDPROCESS has always listened to the needs of the society, and established a harmonious relationship
between nature and human beings through design, so as to create a public landscape that can really give back to the
society.
1. Why is Bankok’s future mentioned in paragraph 1?
A. To make a prediction of the city.
B. To provide some scientific knowledge.
C. To stress the urgency of solving problems.
D. To draw readers’ attention to climate change.
2. What is special about Chulalongkorn University Centenary Park?
A. Its space. B. Its green coverage.
C. Its landscape. D. Its tilt design.
3. Which of the following is Kotchakorn’s effort to build a green city?
A. She collects rainwater for industrial use.
B. Her rooftop farm has made the best of urban spaces.
C. She will reconstruct the canals to recycle waste water.
D. She always designs sports facilities in her green parks.
4. Which can be the best title according to the text?
A. A Productive Architecture Company
B. An Architect with Green Growth Mindset
C. Bangkok's Future Hangs in the Balance
D. Mindful and Mindless Construction in Bangkok
【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章介绍了景观设计师 Kotchakom Vbrkaakhom 设计的具有倾斜角度的
Chulalongkorn University Centenary Park 和亚洲最大的屋顶农场，还计划将一座桥梁改造成绿色公园，开创
了绿色环保的新途径。
1.C 【解析】推理判断题。第一段中提到“Rising sea levels, unchecked development and rapid urban population
growth have left millions helpless to natural disasters — scientists warn the city Bangkok may not survive the
century. （海平面上升、不受控制的发展和城市人口的快速增长使数百万人对自然灾害面前感到无助
——科学家警告曼谷这座城市可能在本世纪内不复存在。）由此可以推断，作者提到曼谷的未来岌岌可
危，是为了强调解决问题的紧迫性。故选 C。
2. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“…Chulalongkorn University Centenary Park, an 11-acre space in central
Bangkok, which tilts （倾斜）downward at a 3-degree angle, allowing rainwater to flow through the grass and
wetlands. Water that’ s not absorbed by the plants runs down to a pond at the base of the park, where it can be
stored for use during dry spells. In case of severe flooding, the park can hold up to a million gallons of water.
（朱拉隆功大学百年公园占地 11 英亩，以 3 度的角度向下倾斜，这样可以让雨水流过草地和湿地。没
有被植物吸收的水会流到公园底部的一个池塘里，在那里可以储存起来，以便在干旱时期使用。 如果
发生严重的洪水，公园可以容纳多达一百万加仑的水。）”可知，朱拉隆功大学百年公园的特别之处在
于它的倾斜设计。故选 D。
3.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“she created Asia's largest rooftop farm, which imitates the region’s famed
rice terraces（梯田）, preserving both water and soil.（她创建了亚洲最大的屋顶农场，模仿该地区著名的
水稻梯田，既保护水，也保护土壤。） ”可知， Kotchakorn 为建设绿色城市，创建了屋顶农场，充分利
用了城市空间。故选 B。
4.B 【解析】主旨大意题。 文章第二段中提到“LANDPROCESS, a Bangkok-based landscape architecture and
urban design company founded in 2011 by the landscape architect Kotchakom Vbrkaakhom.” 景观设计师
KotchakomVbrkaakhom 创建了 LANDPROCESS 风景园林和城市设计公司；第三段提到她设计的
Chulalongkorn University Centenary Park, 第四段提到“she created Asia’s largest rooftop farm”她设计了亚
洲最大的屋顶农场；第六段中提到“she will carry out plans to transform a vast, unused bridge crossing the
Chao Phraya River into a park with bicycle lanes, bringing more green space.” 她还计划将一座巨大的、未使
用的桥梁改造成一个有自行车道的公园，给人们带来更多的绿色空间。文章是关于景观设计师
KotchakomVbrkaakhom 的很多绿色的保护环境的设计。由此可知，文章标题应为“An Architect with Green
Growth Mindset（拥有绿色成长思维的建筑师）”。故选 B。
Passage 6
A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling
because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows
colorful prey to survive another day. Those surprising results appear in the journal Scientific Reports.
Shining iridescent color, which changes depending on the angle from which it's viewed, is favored by
everything from birds to beetles and blossoms to butterflies.
“And in our research group we are of course interested in why this vivid metallic color is so widespread in
nature.” Karin Kjernsmo of the University of Bristol adds that in some cases the showy splashes of light are a
sexual strategy. “Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly those that display strong sexual
dimorphism(雌雄两性), such as birds of paradise or some butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is
most likely driven by sexual selection. For example, in many of these cases it is the males that have these vivid
iridescent colors and they use them in mate choice or they use them as a signal to attract mates.” But iridescence
also shows up in situations where reproduction is not an issue. “So what we are studying now is whether natural
selection imposed by predation(捕食行为) could explain the occurrence of iridescence in prey animals.”
The idea that eye-catching colors could be used as a cover-up isn't a new one.“The father of camouflage theory,
Abbott Thayer, really believed that iridescence should be categorized as a camouflage strategy. And he wrote in his
famous lifework Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom, already in 1909, that ‘brilliantly changeable or
metallic colors are among the strongest factors in an animal's concealment’. And this sounds like a completely
unreasonable thing to say, because how can colors that are both brilliant and changeable contribute to animal's
concealment？”
“In a similar way, we were asking whether iridescence, due to its changeability, could work as a form of
camouflage by preventing shape recognition.” Kjernsmo and her colleagues trained bumblebees to associate a
particular shape—a circle or an oval—with a sugar reward. And they found that the bees, when given a choice,
would preferentially visit the shape they knew to be sweet. But when the shapes were iridescent, the bees had
trouble telling them apart. “It seemed that the strikingly iridescent surfaces on our targets visually broke up the
otherwise recognizable shape of the targets, which made them hard to distinguish.” As for making use of this
method for hiding in plain sight, “Any practical applications is of course directly linked to any industry that has an
interest in camouflage, that is how to conceal objects or make them more difficult to recognize.” The researchers
are currently conducting experiments with birds, which often prey on iridescent insects to see if it helps to have a
bird's-eye view.
1. According to the passage, iridescence is not made use of by animals to ________.
A. live a little longer by escaping their predator(捕食者)
B. catch the attention of their mates
C. conceal themselves when in danger
D. catch sight of more colorful preys
2. From the study in the last paragraph, we can learn that ________.
A. Bees can always tell the difference between a circle and an oval
B. Bees are creatures that are fascinated by sweet things that are iridescent
C. If a circle, with a sugar reward, is iridescent, the bees may have difficulty finding it
D. Bees are likely to prefer circles to ovals, whether they are iridescent or not
3. What will be talked about in the following paragraph?
A. Whether there are any differences between bees and birds.
B. Some industries that have great interest in camouflage.
C. Why birds are not effected by iridescent insects.
D. Which camouflage theory applies more to birds.
4. Which of the following might serve as the best title of the passage?
A. A famous camouflage strategy B. Metallic iridescent as the best disguise
C. Colors unique to animals D. Shining colors as a sexual strategy
【文章大意】这是一篇科普类阅读。这篇文章主要讲了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏。
1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段 A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, sometimes the best disguise
is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence( 金 属 彩 虹 色 ) can
visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day.可知彩虹色被动物用来通过逃
离捕食者而活得更久，排除 A；根据第三段 Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly
those that display strong sexual dimorphism(雌雄两性), such as birds of paradise or some butterflies or fishes,
the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection.（在这里我想指出的是，在某些物种
中，尤其是那些表现出强烈两性差异的物种，比如天堂鸟、孔雀，甚至在某些蝴蝶或鱼类中，彩虹色
的出现很可能是由性别选择所驱动的。）可知动物用彩虹色引起同伴的注意，排除 B；根据倒数第二段
The idea that eye-catching colors could be used as a cover-up isn't a new one.（引人注目的颜色可以用来伪
装，这种想法并不新鲜），排除 C，故选 D。
2.C 【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在最后一段 It seemed that the strikingly iridescent surfaces on our targets
visually broke up the otherwise recognizable shape of the targets, which made them hard to distinguish.（似乎
我们的目标上惊人的彩虹表面在视觉上打破了原本可以辨认的目标形状，这使得它们很难区分。）故选
C。
3.C 【解析】推理判断题。文章最后一段说研究人员目前正在对鸟类进行实验，这些鸟类的饮食中经常含有
彩虹色的昆虫。实验目的是看看鸟类的视角是否能提供帮助。由此推断接下来一段会谈论 为什么鸟类
不受彩虹色昆虫的影响，故选 C。
4.B 【解析】主旨大意题。第一段 Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research
reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey
to survive another day.（有时，最好的伪装其实是最耀眼的伪装，因为研究表明，闪光的金属彩虹色能
在视觉上迷惑捕食者，这让五颜六色的猎物能够再存活一天）是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知
这篇文章主要讲了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏，故选 B。
Passage 7
The first known dress, as well as the earliest known bar and restaurant in France, were identified this week.
The discoveries, reported in the journal Antiquity, provide a glimpse of what early life was like in both ancient
Egypt and southern France thousands of years ago.
The garment, which dates to around 3482 BC, is known as the Tarkhan Dress, and now looks like a shabby
and dirty shirt. When new, however, the linen dress would have looked fashionable even today, as researchers
determined it featured a natural pale gray stripe with pleated sleeves and bodice. Its edge is missing, so the original
length of the dress is unknown.
"The survival of highly perishable textiles（纺织品）in the archaeological record is exceptional（例外的）, the
survival of complete, or almost complete, articles of clothing like the Tarkhan Dress is even more remarkable,"
Alice Stevenson, head of the University College London（UCL）Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, said in a
press release.
Now that the dress' age has been confirmed, it has been named Egypt's oldest garment and is the oldest known
surviving woven garment in the world. To calculate its age. Michael Dee of the University of Oxford and
colleagues measured a small Sample of the dress to determine how much radiocarbon remained in the linen. Linen
is especially suitable for radiocarbon dating, according to the researchers, because it is made of flax fibers that grow
over a relatively short time. The dress, currently on display at the UCI.
Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, features wear and tear that date back to its earliest days. The
researchers believe that a young teenager or a very slim woman wore it.
A separate study in the same journal reports the discovery of a hotel in southern France. At first the researcher
thought that they had found a bakery, since they determined that the site once featured three huge ovens. They later,
however, found that another nearby room across from a courtyard, had furniture lining its walls.
1. Why is it difficult to determine the length of the garment?
A. Its bottom edge is gone. B. It has broken into pieces.
C. Part of the bottom is missing D. The edge of sleeves is missing.
2. What does the underlined word "perishable" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Really in high quality. B. Valuable and unusual.
C. Lasting for quite a long time D. Being rotten or destroyed easily.
3. The fourth paragraph mainly tells readers________.
A. linen is especially suitable for radiocarbon dating
B. the dress proves to be the oldest woven one in the world
C. how radiocarbon in the linen is measured by the researchers
D. the researchers of University of Oxford knew the dress' age
4. Where can this article be found?
A. TV series. B. A book review.
C. A science report. D. A fashion show.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明。报道了考古学上的几项重大发现—一件公元前 3482 年的裙子还有历史上
最早的酒吧和餐厅，让我们得以一窥数千年前古埃及和法国南部的早期生活状况。
1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段末句“Its edge is missing, so the original length of the dress is unknown.
（它的边缘没有了，所以裙子最初的长度是未知的。）”可知，这件衣裙的边缘缺失了，所以不确定裙
子的原始长度。故选 A 项。
2.D 词义猜测题。根据第二段“ looks like a shabby and dirty shirt.” 和“Its edge is missing”可知这件衣服现在很
破旧，及划线词后“The survival of highly perishable textiles（纺织品）in the archaeological record is
exceptional（例外的）, the survival of complete, or almost complete, articles of clothing like the Tarkhan Dress
is even more remarkable（在考古记录中保存下来的 perishable 的纺织品是非同寻常的，保存下来的完整
的，或几乎完整的，像塔尔汗连衣裙这样的衣服甚至更令人惊讶。）”可知，这种衣物被保存下来非常
令人惊讶，所以可推测这种该词形容纺织品易腐烂，不容易保存。故选 D 项。
3.B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第四段首句 “Now that the dress' age has been confirmed, it has been named
Egypt's oldest garment and is the oldest known surviving woven garment in the world.( 现在这条裙子的
年代已经被确认，它被称为埃及最古老的服装，也是世界上现存最古老的纺织服装。)”可知，通过放
射性碳年代测定法测定出这件亚麻布料的裙子是世界上最古老的衣物。故选 B 项。
4.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“The discoveries, reported in the journal Antiquity, provide a glimpse of
what early life was like in both ancient Egypt and southern France thousands of years ago（这些发现发表在
《古代》杂志上…）.”及最后一段“A separate study in the same journal reports the discovery of a hotel in
southern France.( 同一杂志上的另一项研究报告了…)”可知，这是科学界的重大发现，应该是一篇科
学研究报道。故选 C 项。
Passage 8
The moon may hold water in more places and in larger amounts than scientists have suggested in the past.
The finding is based on two studies published in Nature Astronomy — that examined new data from the U.S. space
agency NASA.
Until about 10 years ago. scientists believed the moon was mostly dry. Then, a series of findings provided
evidence that water ice was widespread in small amounts on parts of the moon. The ice was thought to be in areas
permanently blocked from sunlight.
But in one of the new studies. NASA said it was able to validate the presence of water molecules (分子) on
sunlit parts of the lunar surface. The space agency says the identification came from data collected by its SOFIA
airborne observatory equipped with a powerful telescope. The research was led by Casey Honniball of NASA's
Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland. Scientists have suggested the source of the water may have been comets
(彗星), asteroids (小行星), solar wind or interplanetary dust. The new research provides evidence that the water
may be surviving on sunlit lunar surfaces because it is attached to minerals.
The second study centered on so-called "cold traps" on the moon. These are areas of the lunar surface that
exist in a state of permanent darkness where temperatures are below about minus 160 degrees Celsius. Scientists
say temperatures this cold can hold frozen water for billions of years.
Planetary scientist Paul Hayne of the University of Colorado Boulder led the research on cold traps. He said
likely "tens of billions" of traps. Hayne's team says the new research suggests more than 40,000 square kilometres
of the moon's surface may have the ability to trap water in the form office. That figure is 20 percent bigger than
predicted in the past, Hayne said.
Jacob Bleacher is the chief exploration scientist for NASA's Human Exploration and Operations Mission
Directorate. He told reporters the agency believes it is very important to find out more about where the water comes
from and how accessible it is.
1. Which word can replace the underlined word "validate" in paragraph 3?
A. Deny. B. Confirm. C. Observe. D. Control.
2. What can we learn about cold traps?
A. There's much moving water there.
B. They exist for a relatively short time.
C. The temperature is extremely low there.
D. They are on the sunlit part of the lunar surface.
3. What may the future research focus on?
A. How water is attached to minerals. B. How much water is on the lunar surface.
C. How cold traps take shape. D. How to make use of the water.
4. What does the author intend to tell in the text?
A. Moon holds more water than expected.
B. Scientists found cold traps on the lunar surface.
C. Water is found to exist on the moon.
D. NASA's exploration of the moon is under way.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了根据一系列科学研究表明，月球上的水的含量比我们想象
的要多。
1.B 【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“The new research provides evidence that the water may be surviving
on sunlit lunar surfaces because it is attached to minerals. (这项新的研究提供了证据，证明水可能存在于阳
光照射下的月球表面，因为它附着在矿物质上)”可知，划线词所在句“NASA said it was able to validate the
presence of water molecules (分子) on sunlit parts of the lunar surface.”意为“美国宇航局表示，他们能够证
实月球表面受阳光照射的部分存在水分子”这项新研究能够证实月球表面阳光照射的部分存在水分子。
由此推知，划线词意为“证实”。故选 B 项。
2.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“The second study centered on so-called "cold traps" on the moon. These are
areas of the lunar surface that exist in a state of permanent darkness where temperatures are below about
minus 160 degrees Celsius. Scientists say temperatures this cold can hold frozen water for billions of years.
(第二项研究集中在月球上所谓的“冷阱”。月球表面的这些区域处于永久的黑暗状态，温度低于摄氏零
下 160 度。科学家们表示，如此寒冷的温度可以使冰冻的水保持数十亿年)”可知，“冷阱”的温度非常低。
故选 C 项。
3.A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Jacob Bleacher is the chief exploration scientist for NASA's Human
Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate. He told reporters the agency believes it is very important to
find out more about where the water comes from and how accessible it is. (雅各布·布朗彻是美国国家航空航
天局人类探索和行动任务理事会的首席探索科学家。他对记者表示，该机构认为，了解这些水的来源
以及可利用程度的更多信息非常重要)”可知，未来的研究将会关注水的来源。故选 A 项。
4.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章主要内容都在讲月亮上的水资源要比我们想象的含量多，以及文章第一
段“The moon may hold water in more places and in larger amounts than scientists have suggested in the past.
(月球上存在水的地方和数量可能比科学家过去认为的要多)”可知，作者打算在文中说明月球上的水比
预期的要多。故选 A 项。
Passage 9
Litterati is an app that people can use to upload information about litter they collect outside, such as its
appearance, material, location, and brand. Shared online, this information contributes to building a global database
of "litter maps", which can influence policy and packaging design.
"Society's failure to solve the litter problem has not been from a lack of trying. There have been public service
announcements, and coastal cleanups. But I believe two components are missing from the discussion—community
and data," said Jeff Kirschner, the developer of Litterati app.
Uploading pictures to an app shows users that they’re not the only ones picking up litter from public places
and that others are invested in cleaning the planet, too. And the data accumulates rapidly, telling a story that helps
people understand who picked up what, where, and when. In this way, people are encouraged to do more.
In San Francisco, the Litterati app was able to identify and map more than 5,000 pieces of litter in order to
determine how much was caused by cigarettes specifically. Using this information the city successfully challenged
a lawsuit by tobacco companies and doubled an existing cigarette sales tax, bringing in US $4 million annual
revenue（税收）.
By joining forces with others using the same platform, individuals are able to take their anti-litter activism to
another level. The power of combined data leads to more Extended Producer Responsibility, which is precisely
what we want and advocate here—producers are forced to be responsible for dealing with their own products once
consumers no longer find them useful and are incentivized to create more environmentally friendly packaging or
better policies as a result of that new responsibility.
Litterati takes a refreshingly non-judgmental approach. It shows a positive we-can-do-it attitude. Just as Jef
Kirschner said, "Our goal isn't to shame. It's to provide transparency to the problem. We provide access to data and
share insights with cities, citizens and businesses, guiding us all to identify the root cause of the problem, and make
informed decisions of how to clean the planet."
1. What makes us fail to solve the litter problem according to Kirschner?
A. Lack of necessary data about litter.
B. The public's laziness in taking action
C. People's poor environmental awareness.
D. Absence of government publicity and support.
2. Why are tobacco companies mentioned?
A. To show the influence of Litterati
B. To describe the details of the map
C. To warn people of the harm of cigarettes.
D. To prove the large consumption of tobacco.
3. What does the underlined word "incentivized" in paragraph 5 most probably mean?
A. Allowed. B. Appointed.
C. Inspired. D. Believed.
4. What is the advantage of Litterati?
A. It can sort out litter automatically
B. It makes litter problem transparent.
C. It can shame people into not littering.
D. It can guide people when they collect litter
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款应用程序 Literati，人们可以通过这款应用程序
上传自己在户外收集的垃圾的信息，建立一个全球“垃圾地图”，当知道別人也在努力解决垃圾问题时，人们
也会受到鼓励从而积投身其中。
1.A 【 解 析 】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 二 段 “But I believe two components are missing from the
discussion—community and data," said Jeff Kirschner, the developer of Litterati app.(但我认为讨论社区
和数据缺少两个组成部分，”Litterati 应用程序的开发者 Jeff Kirschner 说。)”可知，Jeff Kirschner 认为
我们没能解决垃圾问题是因为缺乏相关垃圾方面的数据。故选 A。
2.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Shared online, this information contributes to building a global
database of "litter maps", which can influence policy and packaging design. (这些信息在网上共享，有助于建
立一个全球“垃圾地图”数据库，可以影响政策和包装设计。)”和第四段“In San Francisco, the Litterati app
was able to identify and map more than 5,000 pieces of litter in order to determine how much was caused by
cigarettes specifically. Using this information the city successfully challenged a lawsuit by tobacco companies
and doubled an existing cigarette sales tax, bringing in US $4 million annual revenue（税收）.(在旧金山，
Litterati 应用程序能够识别并绘制出 5000 多块垃圾，从而确定有多少垃圾是由香烟引起的。利用这一
信息，该市成功地挑战了烟草公司的诉讼，将现有的香烟销售税提高了一倍，每年带来 400 万美元的
收入。)”可知，作者提到烟草公司是为了证明 Litterati 在帮助解决垃圾问题方面起到了作用。故选 A。
3.C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第五段画线词前面内容“The power of combined data leads to more Extended
Producer Responsibility, which is precisely what we want and advocate here—producers are forced to be
responsible for dealing with their own products once consumers no longer find them useful(结合数据的力
量导致了更广泛的生产者责任，这正是我们想要和提倡的——生产者被迫负责处理自己的产品，一
旦消费者不再觉得它们有用)”可知，结合数据会让生产者意识到自己的责任，从而激励制定更好的政
策或研发更环保的包装材料。所以 incentivized 为“激励”之意。故选 C。
4.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章首段以及最后一段“It's to provide transparency to the problem.(这是为了
给问题提供透明度。)”可知，人们通过 Literati 可以上传垃圾的地点、分类等信息，因此让垃圾问题
更加透明化。故选 B。
Passage 10
During this year's Spring Festival, Ma Rui made a meme（表情包）by collaging（拼贴）her portrait and images
of firecrackers and golden coins. Ma sent it to relatives and friends on social media as her new year's greeting.
“Traditional text greetings are tedious. A meme sticker of myself is more creative and personal,” said Ma, a
38-year-old woman working in Yinchuan. As a regular meme maker, Ma also made her cat and dog the main
characters of her creations. With her ever-increasing meme collection, she can deal with most online
communications by sending memes without sending a text message On China's most popular social networking
apps WeChat and QQ, many users have developed the habit of collecting memes in their accounts, including those
featuring celebrities, animals，and cartoon characters. Ma has been using emojis and memes on Wechat for about 10
years, but they were limited in the past.
In recent years, meme-making has become a new trend, with the emergence of more designers and apps for
making memes. With free apps, people can create their own memes and share them online. As an industry ，
meme-making can also bring decent incomes for meme designers, injecting vitality into related products and
industries. “A good meme can accurately express what one means and reduce misunderstanding and embarrassment.
This is why people need it,” said Luo Yalong, a 30-year-old meme designer.
Luo created a cartoon character named “Little Chubby Inu.” With this image, he designed nearly one thousand
memes with different expressions, which have been used billions of times on WeChat since it was first introduced
in 2017.
The image of Little Chubby Inu has also been printed on T-Shirts, mugs, and cosmetics and packages of
popular drink brands. This year, Luo opened an online store for Little Chubby Inu-themed products.
By drawing inspiration from popular websites young people like to visit, Luo has become a prolific
meme-maker, creating a new series of memes every two or three months. “Attractive memes are emerging every
day, while users' tastes are ever-changing. For us designers, it causes great pressure but also presents immense
opportunities,” Luo said.
1. What does the underlined word “tedious” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Narrow. B. Dull. C. Ancient. D. Common.
2. Why do more and more people like to make memes?
①To make us laugh happily.
②To help us make good profit.
③To show designers' character
④To help us communicate better.
A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ①③④ D. ②③④
3. What does Luo's words in the last paragraph suggest?
A. Designers should cater for users' appetite.
B. Memes cause great pressure to designers.
C. New interesting memes are arising everyday.
D. More and more memes bring us opportunities.
4. What is the main idea of the text?
A. The stories about some famous meme-makers.
B. Memes' going viral on Chinese social networking.
C. The difference between old and new greetings.
D. Memes' creating cartoon animals character.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近年来表情包制作成为一种新趋势，越来越多的表情包设
计师和应用程序出现。有了免费的应用程序，人们可以创建自己的表情包并在网上分享。表情包制作作为
一个行业，也可以为表情包设计师带来不错的收入，为相关产品和行业注入活力。
1.B 【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“A meme sticker of myself is more creative and personal”（我
的表情包更有创意，也更个性化。）可知，传统的表情包和我的表情包相比，不如我做的表情包有创
意，说明传统表情包很无聊乏味。“tedious”意思是无聊乏味。故选 B 项。
2.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“As an industry, meme-making can also bring decent incomes for
meme designers. ”（表情包制作作为一个行业，也可以为表情包设计师带来不错的收入）可知②选项
正确；根据文中第二段第一句提到的“A meme sticker of myself is more creative and personal,” said Ma”
（我的表情包更有创意，也更个性化。）以及第四段第二句“With this image, he designed nearly one
thousand memes with different expressions, which have been used billions of times on WeChat since it was
first introduced in 2017.”（凭借这张图片，他设计了近千个不同表达方式的表情包，自 2017 年微信首
次推出以来，这些表情包已经在微信上使用了数十亿次。）可知 Ma Rui 和 Luo 两位设计师在表情包
的设计上都加入了自身个性的因素，可知③正确；在讲 Ma Rui 的例子时提到“A good meme can
accurately express what one means and reduce misunderstanding and embarrassment”(好的表情包可以帮
我们更好地交流)，可知④正确。故选 D 项。
3. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Attractive memes are emerging every day, while users' tastes are
ever-changing.”（吸引人的表情包每天都在涌现，用户的品味也在不断变化。）可知，用户的品味在不
断改变，表情包的设计应迎合用户的需求。故选 A 项。
4.B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段前三句“In recent years, meme-making has become a new trend, with the
emergence of more designers and apps for making memes. With free apps, people can create their own
memes and share them online. As an industry，meme-making can also bring decent incomes for meme
designers, injecting vitality into related products and industries.”（ 近年来，表情包制作成为一种新趋势，
越来越多的表情包设计师和应用程序出现。有了免费的应用程序，人们可以创建自己的表情包并在
网上分享。表情包制作作为一个行业，也可以为表情包设计师带来不错的收入，为相关产品和行业
注入活力。）可知，本篇文章主要讲述了“表情包”迅速走红的现象。故选 B。
Passage 11
Although we spend one-third of our lives in bed, we hardly ever think about beds. While we may consider
them little more than a mattress(床垫), pillow and blanket, they in fact have a fascinating history.
The first beds were hollows(坑洼) dug in cave floors by our African ancestors around 77,000 years ago. The
basic idea of the bed and its structure have remained the same for thousands of years. Malta and Egypt were using
raised frames with mattresses 5,000 years ago, according to Brian Fagan, the author of What We did in Bed. Early
Egyptian beds consisted of wooden frames with legs and a leather sleeping platform. The mattress was little more
than a sack(袋子) with grass, straw and hay in it. In Mongolia and China, heated stone platforms called kang were
used in inns as early as 5000 BC.
The basic idea of who slept in the bed, however, has changed a lot through the years. Many family members or
friends sleeping together in a single bed used to be completely normal for much of human history. Travelers would
not expect privacy at inns. In fact, they had to share a bed with complete strangers. The greatest example of this
was the Great Bed of Ware, a huge bed built in 1590 for an English inn. “A total of 52 people—are said to have
spent a night in the Great Bed in 1689,” according to Fagan.
Throughout the 19th century, beds gradually became a private space. Rapid urbanization during the Industrial
Revolution sped up this process as compact row houses were built with small rooms, each for a different purpose,
including sleeping. So the next time you head to bed, be thankful you have your own.
1. What do we know about the ancient beds?
A. The history of beds went through a long and difficult process.
B. In Africa, the basic idea of beds' structure has changed a lot.
C. Our ancestors were imaginative and creative in designing beds.
D. The ancestors in different countries were satisfied with their beds.
2. Why did travelers share a bed with complete strangers at inns in the past?
A. There was a single bed in one room.
B. They liked spying on others' lives.
C. It was convenient to look after each other.
D. It was a good way to make new friends.
3. What promotes beds to be a private space?
A. Human civilization. B. Rapid urbanization.
C. Social interaction. D. Room function
4. Where is the text most probably taken from?
A. A fiction novel. B. A tourist guidebook.
C. A science report. D. A culture magazine.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了床的兴起以及历史。
1.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The first beds were hollows(坑洼) dug in cave floors by our African
ancestors around 77,000 years ago.(最早的床是大约七万七千年前我们的非洲祖先在洞穴地板上挖的
洞)”、“Malta and Egypt were using raised frames with mattresses 5,000 years ago, according to Brian Fagan,
the author of What We did in Bed.(《我们在床上做了什么》(What We did in Bed)一书的作者 Brian Fagan
称，5000 年前，马耳他和埃及就在床垫上使用了凸起的框架)”以及“In Mongolia and China, heated stone
platforms called kang were used in inns as early as 5000 BC(早在公元前 5000 年，蒙古和中国的旅店就使
用加热的石头平台炕)”可知，作者讲述世界各地的古代的床在很早就已经出现，并且样式各不相同。由
此推知，我们祖先想象力非富、有创造力。故选 C。
2.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Many family members or friends sleeping together in a single bed used
to be completely normal for much of human history. Travelers would not expect privacy at inns. In fact,
they had to share a bed with complete strangers.(在人类历史的大部分时间里，许多家庭成员或朋友睡在
一张单人床上是完全正常的。旅行者不会期望在旅馆里有隐私。事实上，他们不得不和完全陌生的
人睡一张床)”可知，旅行者要和完全陌生的人同床共枕的原因是酒店房间只有一张床。故选 A。
3.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Throughout the 19th century, beds gradually became a private space.
Rapid urbanization during the Industrial Revolution sped up this process as compact row houses were built
with small rooms, each for a different purpose, including sleeping.(整个 19 世纪，床逐渐成为一种私人空
间。工业革命期间快速的城市化进程加速了这一进程，因为紧凑的排屋由小房间组成，每个房间都
有不同的用途，包括睡觉)”可知，工业革命时期快速城市化促使床成为一个私人空间。故选 B。
4.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“While we may consider them little more than a mattress,
pillow and blanket, they in fact have a fascinating history. (虽然我们可能认为它们只不过是床垫、枕头和
毯子，但它们实际上有一段迷人的历史)” 可知，文章介绍了世界各地古代的床，从床的历史角度了
解人类文明发展。由此推知，本文可能来自于文化杂志。故选 D。
Passage12
Canadian-Iranian designer Roya Aghighi wants you to imagine that your shirt is alive. Aghighi hopes we can
develop a more close relationship with fashion-by treating clothes as living beings that need our help to survive.
Aghighi's thought experiment isn't as far-fetched as it might seem. Working with a group of scientists at the
University of British Columbia(UBC), she has invented a living, biofabricated photosynthesizing(生物制造光合作
用的)fabric, which purifies the air around it. She named it LivingC.
UBC claims it's the first living and photosynthesizing fabric, and has fashioned the material into transparent
clothing. While clothing like these are still in the early stages of research and design, and far from mass production,
they challenge the fashion industry to reimagine ways it can reduce its huge carbon footprint through alternative
fabrics.
Fashion is one of the world's most polluting industries. It's responsible for more carbon emissions than
international flights and shipping combined, amounting to 10% of all greenhouse gases emitted globally.
US consumers are buying more clothing than ever, wearing each item fewer times and sending almost 70% of
the clothes and footwear produced each year to landfill, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency.
While Aghighi's new and advanced clothing is now only at the proof-of-concept stage, buyers may one day be
instructed to stretch the fabric out in front of a window before putting it on. Biotechnology is a big business.
Beyond the world of fashion, it's seen as an alternative for polyurethane plastics—the world's most common plastic,
which is used in everything from bags to outdoor furniture as well as in fabrics.
Aghighi predicts consumption habits will take a long time to change. "It is going to be a slow shift," she said.
"But I hope that it's going to be a long lasting one."
1. How can we understand "shirt is alive" in Paragraph 1?
A. We imagine that it is alive.
B. It is made of a living creature.
C. It is made of living biofabricated materials.
D. It wears well and lasts permanently.
2. What can we learn from LivingC?
A. It has been put into production already.
B. It has affected people's consumption habits.
C. It can meet the demands of the US consumers soon.
D. It can make the air around fresher and clearer.
3. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A. To inform the public of the latest fashion style.
B. To draw public attention to the influence of fashion industry.
C. To introduce an invention that will benefit our environment.
D. To stress the importance of scientific advance in fashion industry.
4. In which column of the newspaper can we likely find this article?
A. Science and Life B. Entertainment
C. Economics and Business D. Domestic News
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了设计师 Aghighi 和英国哥伦比亚大学的科学家们研发了一种
环保材料的衣服。
1. C【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“UBC claims it's the first living and photosynthesizing fabric, and has
fashioned the material into transparent clothing. While clothing like these are still in the early stages of
research and design, and far from mass production, they challenge the fashion industry to reimagine ways it
can reduce its huge carbon footprint through alternative fabrics.”（英国哥伦比亚大学声称这是第一个生物制
造光合作用的织物，并把这种织物制成了透明的衣服。尽管这类服装仍处于研究和设计的早期阶段，
远非大规模生产，但它们向时装业提出了挑战，要求它们重新想象如何通过替代面料来减少巨大的碳
足印。）可以推断，第一段中划线词指的就是这种生物制造光合作用的织物，说它是有生命的，是因为
它是由生物材料制成的。故选 C。
2.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“she has invented a living biofabricated photosynthesizing（生物制造
光合作用的）fabric, which purifies the air around it. She named it LivingC.”（她发明了一种生物光合织物，
可以净化周围的空气，她把它命名为 LivingC。）可知，LivingC 这种生物光合织物，可以净化周围的空
气，让空气更新鲜。故选 D。
3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Working with a group of scientists at the University of British
Columbia(UBC), she has invented a living biofabricated photosynthesizing(生物制造光合作用的)fabric,
which purifies the air around it. ”（和英国哥伦比亚大学的一群科学家一起，她发明了一种生物光合织
物，可以净化周围的空气）和第三段的“While clothing like these are still in the early stages of research
and design, and far from mass production, they challenge the fashion industry to reimagine ways it can
reduce its huge carbon footprint through alternative fabrics.(尽管这类服装仍处于研究和设计的早期阶
段，远非大规模生产，但它们向时装业提出了挑战，要求它们重新想象如何通过替代面料来减少巨
大的碳足印。)可推知，本文的写作是为了向读者介绍一个对环境有益的新发明。故选 C。
4.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第二段的“she has invented a living biofabricated
photosynthesizing（生物制造光合作用的）fabric, which purifies the air around it. She named it LivingC.”
（她发明了一种生物光合织物，可以净化周围的空气，她把它命名为 LivingC。）可知，文章介绍了
一项让人们衣服更环保的新发明，这是一项与人们日常生活息息相关的发明。由此推知，本文最可
能在科技和生活的文章中。故选 A。
Passage13
“My P.E. teacher taught me maths.” It has been a common joke for years but when a P.E. teacher applied
for the head-teacher job, many parents worried that “the joke could come true”. Some parents asked, “Does the P.E.
teacher know maths and English? If not, how is he supposed to tutor the students?” But there were still parents who
believed P.E. teachers had more time to discipline the students since they didn’t have many classes.
This concern is actually a “subject bias”, that is, choosing a P.E. teacher as the head-teacher is not good for the
students’ grades since he doesn’t know Chinese, maths, or English. It is acceptable for Chinese teachers, maths
teachers and English teachers to be head-teachers because these subjects are important to entrance exams and
scores. Such a concern reflects parents’ anxiety in the current educational environment, which tends to link the
head-teacher’s responsible subject with the facts whether the school cares about the class and the children’s
performances in the subject.
Many people care about their kids’ academic performances only. They don’t care about their kids’ P.E.
performance at all. Even if kids have P.E. classes, parents care little. P.E. teachers are in humble position and their
classes are often occupied by other teachers. Of course, if students, P.E. performance is related to grades and
entrance exams, parents won’t mind “a P.E. teacher being the head-teacher”.
At the moment, P.E. is gradually included in entrance exams.
In terms of high school entrance examination, Guangzhou will launch a new high school entrance exam which
includes P.E. performance and Health examination in 2021, raising the score to 70 points.
In terms of the college entrance examination, universities having the right of independent enrollments added
P.E. tests to their entrance exams in 2019. This practice is seen as an important signal that the assessment of
physical fitness and athletic ability, which are important aspects of a student’s overall quality, may be included in
the college entrance examination in the future.
We hope that it’s a trend for P.E. teachers, music teachers and art teachers to become head-teachers.
1. By saying “My P.E. teacher taught me maths”, what does the author intend to show us?
A. It is just a joke that seldom happened in reality.
B. P.E. teachers hardly assist students in maths.
C. P.E. teachers are good at teaching maths..
D. Parents doubt the ability of P.E. teacher.
2. We can infer from paragraph 2 that a P.E. teacher .
A. is of little benefit for students’ academic performance
B. is humbler than Chinese, math or English teachers
C. reflects whether the school cares about the class
D. gets unfairly judged due to the current educational system
3. Why does Guangzhou raise proportion of P.E. performance in high school entrance examination?
A. To raise students’ awareness of physical health.
B. To call on parents to pay attention to P.E. teachers.
C. To test the overall ability of high school students.
D. To make P.E. teachers equal with other teachers.
4. What opinion does the author hold towards P.E. teachers working as head-teachers?
A. Neutral. B. Unexpected.
C. Supportive. D. Critical.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了人们对于体育老师当班主任的不同见解。
1.D 【解析】推理判断题。结合文章第一段“Some parents asked, “Does the P.E. teacher know maths and English?
If not, how is he supposed to tutor the students?” (有些家长问：“体育老师懂数学和英语吗？如果没有，又
怎么教学生呢? ”)”可推知，本句话表明父母怀疑体育老师能力不足，因此，通过说“我的体育老师教我
数学”，作者想告诉我们 D 项“Parents doubt the ability of P.E. teacher(家长怀疑体育老师的能力)”符合题
意。故选 D 项。
2.D 【解析】推理判断题。结合文章第二段“This concern is actually a “subject bias”, that is, choosing a P.E.
teacher as the head-teacher is not good for the students’ grades since he doesn’t know Chinese, maths, or
English…Such a concern reflects parents’ anxiety in the current educational environment, which tends to
link the head-teacher’s responsible subject with the facts whether the school cares about the class and the
children’s performances in the subject(这种担心实际上是一种“学科偏见”，即选择体育教师作为班主任
对学生的成绩不利，因为他不懂语文、数学或英语……这种担忧反映了当前教育环境下家长的焦虑，
这种焦虑往往把班主任的责任主体与学校是否关心班级、孩子在学科上的表现等事实联系起来。)”
可知，在现行的教育体制下，体育老师的作用被广大家长大大低估了，对于体育老师的作用并没有
很好的认知。因此，我们可以从第二段中推断出一个体育老师 D 项“gets unfairly judged due to the
current educational system(受到当前的教育体制受到不公正的评判)”符合题意。故选 D 项。
3.A 【解析】推理判断题。结合文章倒数二三段“In terms of high school entrance examination, Guangzhou will
launch a new high school entrance exam which includes P.E. performance and Health examination in 2021,
raising the score to 70 points.In terms of the college entrance examination, universities having the right of
independent enrollments added P.E. tests to their entrance exams in 2019. This practice is seen as an
important signal that the assessment of physical fitness and athletic ability, which are important aspects of a
student’s overall quality, may be included in the college entrance examination in the future(在高中入学考
试方面，广州将于 2021 年推出新的高中入学考试，其中包括体育成绩和健康考试，将分数提高到 70
分。在高考方面，拥有自主招生权的高校在 2019 年的高考中增加了体育考试。这一做法被视为一个
重要信号，即作为学生综合素质重要方面的身体素质和运动能力评估，今后可能会纳入高考)”可以看
出，无论是广东省决定在中考中加入体育成绩的考核，还是有自主招生资质的大学注重考査学生的
体育能力，都在逐渐提升全民对于身体健康的关注和认知。因此，广州在中考中提高体育成绩的比
例的原因是 A 项“To raise students’ awareness of physical health(提高学生的身体健康意识)”符合题意。
故选 A 项。
4. C 【解析】推理判断题。通读全文，并结合最后一段“We hope that it’s a trend for P.E. teachers, music teachers
and art teachers to become head-teachers(我们希望体育教师、音乐教师、美术教师成为班主任是一种趋
势)”可知，作者是十分支持体育老师担当班主任一职的。因此，作者对体育教师担任班主任的看法是
C 项“Supportive(支持)” 符合题意。故选 C 项。
Passage14
More than a fifth of the world’s plant species face the threat of extinction, a trend with potentially disaster
effects for life on Earth, according to research released on Wednesday. But a separate study warned that extinction
of mammals had been estimated too highly and suggested some mammal species thought to have been wiped out
may yet be rediscovered.
Stephen Hopper said the report on plant loss was the most accurate mapping yet of the threat to the planet’s
estimated 380, 000 plant species. This study confirms what we already suspected, that plants are under threat and
the main cause is human-caused habitat loss, Hopper said. The study, carried out by Kew with the Natural History
Museum in London and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), set a “major baseline” for
future conservation efforts, he said.
“We cannot sit back and watch plant species disappear—plants are the basis of all life on Earth, providing
clean air, water, food and fuel. All animal and bird life depends on them, and so do we”, Hopper added, The study
comes ahead of a meeting in Nagoya, Japan, from October 18 to 29, where members of the UN’s Biodiversity
Convention will set new targets to save endangered wildlife.
Craig Hilton of the IUCN said he hoped the Nagoya meeting would set the goal of preventing the extinction of
any known threatened species by 2020. “We want to make sure that plants will not be forgotten”, he said. In their
study, researchers assessed almost 4, 000 species, of which 22 percent were classed as threatened, especially in
tropical rain forest. Plants were more threatened than birds, as threatened as mammals and less threatened than
amphibians (两栖动物)or coral (珊瑚), it said.
1. The underlined part “been wiped out” in the first paragraph can be replaced by ________ .
A. turned out B. broken out C. died out D. run out
2. According to Hopper, the plants are under threat________.
A. because too many animals eat them as food
B. owing to their competition against each other
C. mostly because humans destroy their living areas
D. for the growing air and water pollution
3. What do scientists suggest for plants?
A. Sitting back and watching them disappear.
B. Making them supply more food to humans.
C. Preventing humans from using plant products.
D. Trying to protect them from dying out.
4. Which of the following are least likely to be endangered?
A. Birds B. Plants C. Amphibians D. Coral
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球上有五分之一的植物物种面临灭绝的危险，保护植物
刻不容缓。
1.C【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句“But a separate study warned that extinction of mammals had
been estimated too highly and suggested some mammal species thought to have been wiped out may yet be
rediscovered.”(但另一项研究警告称，对哺乳动物灭绝的估计过高，一些被认为已经灭绝的哺乳动物物
种可能还会被重新发现。) 由句子中的 extinction of mammals 和 may yet be rediscovered 可知，划线的短
语 been wiped out 应该是灭绝了的意思。故选 C 项。
2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“This study confirms what we already suspected, that plants are
under threat and the main cause is human-caused habitat loss, Hopper said.”(霍珀说:“这项研究证实了我们
的怀疑，即植物正受到威胁，而主要原因是人类造成的栖息地丧失。”)可知，据霍珀说，这些植物正受
到威胁主要是因为人类破坏了它们的生活区域。故选 C 项。
3.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段引号中的第一句“We cannot sit back and watch plant species
disappear—plants are the basis of all life on Earth, providing clean air, water, food and fuel.”(我们不能坐视
植物物种消失，因为植物是地球上所有生命的基础，提供干净的空气、水、食物和燃料。)可知，科学
家们认为要尽力保护植物，防止植物灭绝。故选 D 项。
4.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句“Plants were more threatened than birds, as threatened as
mammals and less threatened than amphibians (两栖动物)or coral (珊瑚), it said.”(植物比鸟类更容易受到威
胁，如同哺乳动物受到的威胁一样但低于两栖动物或珊瑚受到的威胁，它说。)可知，相对来说鸟类受
到威胁的可能性最小。故选 A 项。
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