1.3应用文写作-冲刺2021年新高考英语题型变化解读

1.3 应用文写作 2021 年 1 月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试适应性测试（八省联考）英语试题 启用了新题型， 其中写作分为两部分，第一部分为应用文写作，要求考生根据所给情景，写一篇 80 词左右的短文。 【题型分析】 应用文属实用文体，有严格的语境限制，比如确定的时间、地点，确定的对象、范围，确定的 行文目的等。因此，应用文写作应力求主旨鲜明，格式正确，语言简练，语气因人因事而异。 书信、电子邮件是常见的应用文写作考查题型，主要包括询问信、致歉信、致谢信、慰问信、 投诉信、邀请信、介绍信、求职信等，其次应用文还有：通知、发言稿、便条、日记、通知、调查 报告扥。写作时要注意格式正确，包含称呼语（salutation），正文（body），结束语（complimentary close），签名（signature）。 3、对学生能力的要求 应用文相对于之前高考中的议论文、记叙文，更要求应用性、规范性、简明性。这要求学生对 各个文体尤其是邮件和信件格式的熟悉掌握，且需注意应用文所要求的语言表达与议论文、记叙文 的区别。因此我们会着重培养学生的格式熟悉度以及相关重要句式的表达。 样题展示 假定你是李华，准备参加学校组织的英文诗朗诵比赛。请给外教 George 写封邮件求助，内容包 括： 1. 说明比赛要求； 2. 请他推荐英文诗； 3. 请教朗诵技巧。 注意: 1. 写作词数应为80 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear George, I'm writing to ask for your help. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【思路点拨】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外教 George 发一封邮件，请他帮忙选一首诗参加诗歌 朗诵比赛，并给予指导。 第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。 要求： 1. 说明比赛要求； 2. 请他推荐英文诗； 3. 请教朗诵技巧。 第二步：列提纲（重点词汇） be eager to; have a try; require; up to; recommendation; recitation; intonation; perfect; appreciate 第三步：连词成句 1. Our school will hold an English Poetry Reading Contest next weekend. 2. I am eager to have a try. 3. It is required that the theme should be about nature. 4. Each contestant is given up to five minutes to read the poem. 5. So would you please be so kind to give me some recommendations on which poem to choose? 6. Besides, what I need are the skills of recitation, including pronunciation and intonation, which will perfect my performance. 7. I’d appreciate it if you could give me some guidance. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇 1. 表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second, Finally (供参考) 2. 表并列补充关系：Besides 3. 表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but (供参考) 4. 表因果关系：So 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。 【点睛】[高分句型 1]It is required that the theme should be about nature. (使用 it 充当形式主语，真正 的主语事 that 引导的主语从句) 【范文】 Dear Mr. George, I’m writing to ask for your help. Our school will hold an English Poetry Reading Contest next weekend. I am eager to have a try. It is required that the theme should be about nature. Each contestant is given up to five minutes to read the poem. So would you please be so kind to give me some recommendations on which poem to choose? Besides, what I need are the skills of recitation, including pronunciation and intonation, which will perfect my performance. I’d appreciate it if you could give me some guidance. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 写好应用文的第一步是准确审题。审题并不仅仅指读题，而是一个思维过程。审题可以从以下 几个方面入手： 1、判断体裁 应用文的种类繁多，按其性质可分为一般性应用文和公务文书。一般性应用文包括书信、便条、 请帖、聘书、海报、启事、证明、电报、便函等；公务文书包括布告、通告、指示、命令、请示等。 本试题创设了一个语言情境，让考生以李华的身份给英国朋友 Chris 写一封电子邮件，邀请他参 加郊游。也就是说，试题要求考生写一封邀请信，这属于一般性应用文中最常见的类型：书信。 2、确定格式 不同类型的应用文其格式和结构是不同的。本试题的格式是书信，要求写明写信的对象（即称 呼）和写信人（即署名），正文前可适当添加问候语，如＂How are you doing？＂或＂Long time no see。＂等。考生必须熟知书信类应用文的格式，准确写出称呼语、标点、结尾语和署名，以符合英 语的写作习惯。 3、理清要点 邀请信中需要包括三个要点：告知参加者、郊游的时间和地点、活动内容——登山和野餐。当 然考生可适当增加细节，如组织郊游的目的、登山中可以做什么、除登山和野餐外是否有其他的活 动、参加郊游的意义等等。在整理要点时，考生应该特别注意以下 3 点： ●这是一次郊游，而不是到外地或到国外去游玩的长途旅行。 ●郊游的时间应该具体到某一天，不要笼统地说下周，最好告知几点钟集合出发。 ●既要介绍郊游的地点，又要尽量避免透露考生信息。例如：若考生写到 Yandang Mountain 表 明该考生可能来自温州地区，若考生写到 the West Lake 表明该考生可能来自杭州地区。那么怎样巧 妙地避免这个问题呢？考生可以将地点模糊化，如使用 Green Mountain， the Central Park 等。 4、明确对象 写作对象决定了考生该使用的语言和语气、写信人和收信人之间的关系、书信用语的正式度和 委婉程度等。本试题中，考生的身份是学生，写作的对象是考生的外籍朋友。既然是朋友，两者是 平辈的关系，就不适合使用过度的敬辞或谦辞，如 ＂I would appreciate it if you could come。＂；朋 友之间一般会用＂Hope to see you there。＂或＂Hope you can make it。＂。既然是朋友，彼此应该熟 知对方的 email 地址，看到寄信人的地址就应该知道是谁的来信，所以在邮件的开头根本没有必要 介绍自己的身份。如有些考生写道：＂I’m Li Hua， your friend。＂明显就不符合逻辑和常识。 5、分析语言 应用文作为一种实用性文体，是用来说明事实、解决实际问题的，侧重于＂以事告人＂。所以 语言要求自然得体、朴实无华、开门见山、清晰流畅。本试题是邀请信，首先要掌握的是常用套语， 例如在书信的开头常用：＂I’m writing to invite you to …＂信件的结尾常用：＂Looking forward to your early reply。＂或＂I really hope you can come。＂等。其次，邀请信中的书面用语要符合朋友关系的 身份设定，切忌使用过度的敬辞或谦辞。时态应以一般现在时和一般将来时态为主。 应用文常用句型及习惯表达 1. 书信开头 I was delighted/glad to receive your letter. 很高兴收到你的来信。 I have received your letter of June the 29th. 我收到了你于 6 月 29 日的来信。 How’s it going? 最近怎么样？ You asked me about(problem, question...), now let me give you some advice. 你在来信中询问我……，现 在让我给你一些建议。 It has been a long time since we met. 我们很久没见面了。 How time flies! It’s three months since I saw you last time. 时间过得真快！我们有三个月没见面了。 I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America. 我写信是为了感谢你对我在美国 期间的帮助。 2. 结尾 I am looking forward to receiving your letter. 我期待你的来信。 I am looking forward to your early reply. 我期待您早日回复。 Please write to me as soon as possible. 请尽快回信。 Good luck./ Wish you the best. 祝你好运！ With best wishes. 致以我诚挚的祝福。 Wish you sucess. 祝你成功。 Wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你旅途愉快。 Please remember me to your family. 请代我向你的家人问好。 I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier. 请尽快回信，我将不胜感激。 应用文常见文体写作模板 1. 感谢信 (Letter of Thanks) 写作模板 Dear ________(对象), I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for________________________________(感谢的原因). If it had not been for your assistance in________________________________(对方给你的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been________________________________(没有对方帮助会产生的后果). Everyone agrees that it was you who ________________________________(给出细节). Again, I would like to express my sincere thanks to you. Please accept my sincere thanks. Yours Sincerely, Li Hua 2. 道歉信 (Letter of Apology) 写作模板 1 Dear ________(对象), I am truly sorry that ___________________________________(道歉的原因). The reason is that ______________________________________(介绍原因). Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my appologies and understand my situation. Yours Sincerely, Li Ming 写作模板 2 Dear ________(对象), I am excessively sorry to say/tell you that ①______________ (直接表达自己不能实现先前的愿望 或约定). ②Now, I am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret__________ (表达歉意). ③Please accept my sincere apology__________(诚恳希望对方能接受道歉). ④I fear you are displeased at _________(表达出自己的心情，并请求对方原谅).⑤I hope you will understand me and excuse me for__________(过渡句). ⑥Let me explain(开始介绍道歉的原因). ⑦The reason for my delay/absence was that _________(阐述自己当时的处境和情况). ⑧I had no way out because ___________ (总结自己 道歉的原因). ⑨Therefore it’s not in my power to ___________(希望下次再次实现愿望). ⑩Naturally, I want to suggest ____________. I shall be glad if you will kindly write and tell me when and where you____________(约定下次约会的时间和地点) We may meet again and I hope to see you soon. Sincerely Yours, Li Hua 3. 邀请信 (Letter of Invitation) 写作模板 Dear________, There will be a________(内容) at/in________(地点) on________(时间). We would be honored to have you there with us. The occasion will start at________________(具体时间). This will be followed by a________(进一步 的安排). At ________________(时间), we will have ________________________(另一个安排). I really hope you can make it. RSVP before_________________________(通知你的最后期限). Yours Sincerely, Li Hua 4. 推荐信 (Letter of Recommendation) 写作模板 Dear ______ , ①It affords me much pleasure to recommend ______(要推荐的人)to you.②During his/her graduate years he/she was my ______ . ③As his/her ______ I found him/her ______. (介绍与此人的关系) ④His/Her performance in the school years was outstanding. ⑤First, he/she had been and showed great talents in ______ . ⑥In addition, he/she has a very pleasant personality. ⑦He/She has developed a strong sense of ______, and working with him/her is always pleasant. ⑧I can state that he/she has all the qualities of being ______.(介绍此人的能力) ⑨Therefore, I here recommend him/her to you with all my heart. ⑩Should you favor him/her with a position in your company/Should you accept him/her in your university？I am sure that his/her future work will prove worthy of your trust. I look forward to hearing from you at the earliest possible moment. Yours Sincerely, Li Ming 5. 建议信 (Letter of suggestion) 写作模板 Dear________, You have asked me for my advice with regard to________________, and I will try to make some conducive suggestions here. In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions: ________________(建议的内容). I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details. Good luck with your________________(祝愿). Yours Sincerely, Li Hua 6. 申请信 (Letter of Application) 写作模板 Dear Sir or Madam, I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in________________________(报 纸名称) of________________________(广告发布时间). Not only do I have the qualifications for this job, but also I have the right personality for a ______________ (工作名称). On one hand, _____________________(第一个原因). On the other hand, ______________________(另一个原因). Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. If you need to know more about me，please feel free to contact me at any time at________________________(电话号码). Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting you. Yours Sincerely, Li Hua 5. 祝贺信 (Letter of Congratulations) 祝贺信模板 Dear_______, (1)I have learned with delight that you______. (2)I would like to extend to you my utmost congratulations on __ __. (3)You must be very proud of your ______. (4)And I feel very happy for you. (5)____ _ is quite exciting news! (6)You are really__ . (7)I know this is surely owing to__ _ . (8)It is a reward you deserve for your __ . (9)With your___ __, I am sure that you will be a success in whatever you undertake. (10)Kindly let me know when you____ . (11) I hope . (12)My best wishes for your further success. Sincerely Yours, Li Ming (1)获悉值得祝贺的消息，说出祝贺事由 (2)表达祝贺 (3)描述对方的心情 (4)表达自己的心情 (5)被祝贺人所取得的成绩 (6)对对方的赞美 (7)对方取得成绩的原因 (8)对对方取得成绩的肯定，说出被祝贺 人的优点 (9) 被祝贺人的优秀品质，表达对对方的 祝福 (10)咨询对方的情况和时间 (11)表达愿望 (12)表达自己真诚的祝福 7.投诉信 Dear ______, ①I am ______（自我介绍）. ②I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about ______. ③The reason for my dissatisfaction is ______（总体介绍）. ④In the first place, ______（抱怨的第 一个方面）. ⑤In addition, ______（抱怨的第二个方面）. ⑥Under these circumstances, I find it ______ （感觉）to______（抱怨的方面给你带来的后果）. ⑦I appreciate it very much if you could ______（提出建议和请求）, preferably ______（进一步的 要求）, and I would like to have this matter settled by ______（设定解决事情最后期限）. ⑧Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply. 8.演讲稿/发言稿 模板 ① Boys and girls/Ladies and gentlemen, It’s a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech._________（表示荣幸）My name is __________.（自我介绍）The topic of my speech is ___________.（提出演讲主题） To begin with, many people suggest that ___________.（话题或现象列举）Secondly, ___________. Thirdly, ___________ . What I want to stress is that ___________. （ 重 申 主 题 ） For one thing, . For another, . Besides, ___________.（原因或重要性列举）In a word, ___________.（总结） 模板② Good morning/afternoon/evening, everyone, It’s nice to see all of you here. I feel honored to have opportunity to give/make/deliver you a speech is a great pleasure for me to speak here. The topic of my speech is ___________________./Today I will talk about ________________. /It’s nice to talk /speak about…( 演 讲 的 主 题 ) First of all, ___________________. Besides, ________________. Secondly, _________________________. What’s more, __________________(具体内容) As far as I am concerned/In my opinion, _____________. From what has been discussed above, we can safely draw the conclusion that ____________. Thanks for your attention/listening.(总结演讲) 9.日记 模板一 (月、日、年、星期、天气) (标题) Today/Yesterday, I/we .(事件) In the morning, we ______________; then ______________; after that______________ . By the time we had a good time. Finally . I’ll never forget the memorable day! ______________________________________ (事件经过) From this activity, I have learned that/I think . ______________ (事件意义和自己的感想) 模板二 Date Day of the week Today is ______________. This afternoon I went to ______________. Then I______________. Sitting on the train, I thought ______________. At the next station, ______________. She looked ______________. I hesitated ______________. The old lady ______________. Seeing her smile, I _______________. I will ______________. 10.便条 _____________(称呼) I’m going ____________________, and won’t be back until ___________________. I have ________________________________________________________________________.(交代留便条的 原因) At about 1 o’clock this afternoon, _________called, saying that ______________. She left __________________, but said that ___________________. She wanted you to ____________. She has already __________________.(便条内容) _________ 通关演练 1 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友 Cindy 在学校举办的汉语演讲比赛中获得了第一名。请你用英语 给她写一封电子邮件。内容包括： 1. 表达祝贺； 2. 表扬她为此付出的努力； 3. 表达对她未来的祝愿。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为 80 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Cindy, ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 2 假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友 Terry 将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回 复邮件，内容包括： 1．到达时间； 2．合适的礼物； 3．餐桌礼仪。 注意： 1．词数 100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 假如你是李华。你的新西兰朋友 Mark 在邮件中提到对中国历史很感兴趣，想请你给他介绍一位你喜 欢的中国历史人物。请你给 Mark 回信。内容包括： 1. 你喜欢历史人物是谁； 2. 该历史人物的主要贡献； 3. 该历史人物对你的影响。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为 80 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mark, There are many famous people in Chinese history, ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 4 临近毕业，你的英语老师布置了一篇作文，请以“My Career Plan”为题，写一篇英语短文，内容 包括: 1.你的专业选择和职业规划； 2.陈述你的理由。 注意: 1.词数 80 左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 My Career Plan ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 假如你是李华。你的美国网友 Peter 来信询问你校学生社团的开展情况。请你给他写封回信，要 点包括： 1.学生社团简介； 2.特色学生社团。 注意： 1.词数 80 左右； 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯； 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Peter, I am writing to make a brief introduction to the student societies in our school, in which you show interest in your letter. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ What about the student societies in your school? I am expecting to exchange more with you in the future. Yours, Li Hua 1 【范文】 Dear Cindy, How’s everything going? Learning that you have won the first prize in the Chinese Speech Contest, I’m writing to extend my sincere congratulations to you. As your friend, I am well aware that it is your diligence, perseverance and effective learning methods that contribute to your success. I am deeply impressed with your standard pronunciation and fluent Chinese. There is no doubt that having a good command of Chinese enables you to see the world through a new window. Chinese learners like you will play an important role in promoting better understanding and cooperation between China and your country. Wish you greater progress and further success in learning Chinese! Yours, Li Hua 2 【写作指导】 本文是一篇书信类应用文写作。餐桌礼仪也是考生比较熟悉的话题。成文时注意以下几点：一、 内容要点要齐全 1．到达时间；2．合适的礼物；3．餐桌礼仪。二、时态：主要用一般现在时和将 来时；三、人称：二、三人称。四、注意使用恰当的高级词汇、短语或句型，以提高作文的水平； 五、适当使用一些连接词和插入语，使文章表达自然、流畅。 【参考范文】 Dear Terry, How are you doing? Learning that you are about to pay a visit to a Chinese friend and confused about the Chinese customs, I am writing to put forward some advice. Firstly, I would like to suggest that you arrive 5 to 10 minutes earlier, which is common in Chinese traditional culture. Secondly, if I were you, I would bring some appropriate gifts with me, such as souvenirs from my own country. Besides, table manners are also what you should pay attention to. For example, you are not supposed to stick your chopsticks into your food. Instead, laying them on your dish is a smart choice. If you have any other problems, please don’t hesitate to contact me. Yours Li Hua 3 【范文】 Dear Mark, There are many famous people in Chinese history, among of whom I like Lu Xun best. Lu Xun was a famous writer and fighter during the history who made a great contribution to the Chinese people. First, he wrote varieties of passages to teach people. Then, he got the people to know the world step by step. Finally, his great books taught people a lot. He showed us that we should learn and master knowledge to protect ourselves. I will remember him and take him as my light in my life. Yours, Li Hua 4 【范文】 When it comes to my career in the future, I often imagine what I will be in the future.I hope l will work in a computer company as a program designer. Many reasons for being a program designer are as follows. To begin with, I like designing the computer programs from an early age and I will make enough time. During the work, I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues. Meanwhile, I'will do a good job in whatever I do. Furthremore, I also hope that I won't be very busy so that I can spare time to company with my families. In my free time, I will continue to take regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various ball games. For my future ideal job, I am making every effort to make it. No matter how hard it is, I will go on trying hard and never never give it up. 5. Dear Peter, I am writing to make a brief introduction to the student societies in our school, in which you show interest in your letter. The student societies in our school come in many varieties. First of all, there are societies where we develop our hobbies and interests, and broaden our horizons. What’s more, if you are interested in making things and improving your skills, you can join such societies as "Kite Flying". What I would like to recommend most is "Model United Nations", a society especially organized for those interested in international affairs. In the activities, we play the roles of diplomats from different countries and political bodies, holding conferences and discussing international hot issues, which greatly raises our sense of responsibility. What about the student societies in your school? I am expecting to exchange more with you in the future. Yours, Li Hua