1.2完形填空-冲刺2021年新高考英语题型变化解读

1.2 完形填空 “八省联考”完形填空是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍的是作者小时候理发时跟理发 师开玩笑的经历和感悟，要尊重别人的职业，要注意语言的力量。全文 194 词，考点包括动词 (6 个)、名词(2 个)、形容词(5 个)和副词(2 个)，没有涉及动词短语和介词(短语)的考查。个 别小题的干扰项设置欠妥，容易排除。 完形共 15 小题，每小题 1 分，共 15 分，每小题分数比 2020 年全国卷和浙江卷少 0.5 分， 总分少 15 分。 样题展示 （2021 年 1 月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试适应性测试（八省联考）英语试题）This happened when I was ten. On a normal Sunday, I went to the barber shop where I always went. That day, along with the barber there was an assistant, who had recently____21____the shop. So I sat for the haircut. The uncle asked me how____22____I wanted it. I answered, “Just do as my dad had____23____you the last time.” He smiled. Before starting the____24____, he added, “What if I keep it long?” I____25____he was joking. So I joked too. I said, “I can't____26____what would happen to your shop then!” The moment I said it, the assistant____27____from behind. “How dare do you say that! Who are you to take us down, eh?” I admit I was too____28____at that moment and the uncle standing beside me was giving me an____29____look. From that day on, I____30____stopped joking about anyone's profession and works. It is one of the most____31____incidents in my life, which taught me to____32____the profession and works of a person, no matter how____33____they are. I'm____34____that the assistant responded in a way that made me rethink the power of my words. Words do make a____35____. 21. A. left B. opened C. joined D. visited 22. A. much B. long C. often D. soon 23. A. instructed B. invited C. promised D. convinced 24. A. discussion B. journey C. training D. haircut 25. A. agreed B. heard C. hoped D. knew 26. A. forget B. tolerate C. guarantee D. understand 27. A. urged B. shouted C. laughed D. helped 28. A. angry B. proud C. scared D. curious 29. A. anxious B. appealing C. encouraging D. awkward 30. A. suddenly B. completely C. temporarily D. regularly 31. A. important B. exciting C. strange D. interesting 32. A. learn B. enter C. change D. respect 33. A. hard B. small C. good D. complex 34. A. sorry B. confident C. grateful D. embarrassed 35. A. difference B. mistake C. choice D. joke 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A 【文章大意】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者小时候在一次理发时跟理发师开玩笑的经历让自己意识到 语言的威力。 21.考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天，除了理发师还有一个助手，最近刚加入这个商店。A. left 离开； B. opened 打开；C. joined 加入；D. visited 拜访。根据“who had recently …the shop”得知，我经常去 的理发店新来了一位助手。故选 C。 22.考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位叔叔问我剪多长的头发。A .much 很多；B. long 长久；C. often 经 常；D. soon 很快。根据“So I sat for the haircut.”得知，我去理发店，理发店叔叔问我剪多长的头发。 故选 B。 23.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回答：“和上次我爸爸告诉你的一样长就行”。A. instructed 指导；B. invited 邀请；C. promised 答应；D. convinced 确信。根据“the last time”得知，上次来剪发时，作者 爸爸给理发师指导过要给作者理发的长度。故选 A。 24.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在开始理发前，他又说道：“如果我剪长了呢”。A. discussion 讨论；B. journey 旅程；C. training 训练；D. haircut 剪发。根据“So I sat for the haircut. ”得知，理发师是在开始 剪发之前又说了一句话。故选 D。 25.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道他是在开玩笑。A. agreed 同意；B. heard 听到；C. hoped 希望 ； D. knew 知道。根据“So I joked too. ”得知，我知道理发师说那句话是在开玩笑。故选 D。 26.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可不能保证到时候你的理发店会发生什么。A. forget 忘记；B. tolerate 忍受；C. guarantee 确保；D. understand 理解。根据“So I joked too.”得知，我在开玩笑，剪坏我的头 发，他的理发店会遭殃。故选 C。 27.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我刚一说完，那个助手从身后大喊。A. urged 敦促；B. shouted 喊叫； C. laughed 大笑；D. helped 帮助。根据“How dare do you say that! ”得知，助手当真，大喊起来。故选 B。 28.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我承认我当时太害怕了，并且我旁边的叔叔给我一个尴尬的表情。 A. angry 生气的；B. proud 骄傲的；C. scared 害怕的；D. curious 好奇的。根据“Who are you to take us down, eh? ”得知，我当时才 10 岁，对那位助手的质问吓坏了。故选 C。 29.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我承认我当时太害怕了，并且我旁边的叔叔给我一个尴尬的表情。 A. anxious 焦虑的；B. appealing 吸引人的；C. encouraging 鼓舞的；D. awkward 尴尬的。根据“I went to the barber shop where I always went”得知，理发师对新助手给常客说的话感到尴尬。故选 D。 30.考查副词词义辨析。句意：从那天起，我彻底不再关于别人的职业和工作开玩笑。A. suddenly 突 然；B. completely 完全；C. temporarily 临时；D. regularly 有规律地。根据“ admit I was too…”得知， 作者通过理发时开玩笑的不愉快经历，学到的教训是不要在别人的工作上开玩笑。故选 B。 31.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我人生中最重要的事情之一，它教给我要尊重一个人的职业和 工作，不论他有多么渺小。A. important 重要的；B. exciting 兴奋的；C. strange 奇怪的；D. interesting 有趣的。根据“which taught me”得知，作者认为这件事是很重要的事情。故选 A。 32.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我人生中最重要的事情之一，它教给我要尊重一个人的职业和工 作，不论他有多么渺小。A. learn 学习；B. enter 进入；C. change 改变；D. respect 尊重。根据“I …stopped joking about anyone’s profession and works”得知，故选 D。 33.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我人生中最重要的事情之一，它教给我要尊重一个人的职业和 工作，不论他有多么渺小。A. hard 难的；B. small 小的；C. good 好的；D. complex 复杂的。根据“no matter how”得知，不论对方是多小的人物，我也要给予尊重。故选 B。 34.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激那位店员的回应让我重新考虑我说话的威力。A. sorry 抱 歉的；B. confident 自信的；C. grateful 感激的；D. embarrassed 尴尬的。根据“made me rethink the power of my words”得知，作者感激那位店员让自己意识到说话要尊重别人，故选 C。 35.考查名词词义辨析。句意：语言真能带来大不同。A. difference 不同；B. mistake 错误； C. choice 选择；D. joke 玩笑。根据“made me rethink the power of my words”得知，作者感悟，语言很重要。make a difference“有影响，起作用”故选 A。 通关演练 Cloze1（2020 年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 21 . He learned the value and beauty of 22 there from a very young age. When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 23 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 25 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 26 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 27 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 28 during the daytime. He turned to the 29 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 30 a nearby island where he began to plant trees. 31 young plants in the dry season was 32 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 33 of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 34 rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below. Molai 35 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals. 21. A. dream B. job C. home D. choice 22. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge 23. A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward 24. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage 25. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise 26. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted 27. A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust 28. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter 29. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance 30. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed 31. A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding 32. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial 33. A. back B. top C. foot D. side 34. A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect 35. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued Cloze2【山东省 2020 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (模拟卷)】 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 My name is Miranda Gibson. I have been at the top of a tree for five months now. Some people might wonder_ 21_ on earth I would choose to do that. I have walked through this forest many times. On 12 December 2011,_22_ rolled into the forest and the destruction (摧毁) began. I couldn't_ 23_ the thought that these forests would be_ 24 _forever. So, on 14 December 2011, I packed up my life,_ 25_ of my job plans, and climbed 60 meters to the top of this tree. I have been here ever since. Life in the tree tops can be_ 26_ at times. I have times when I feel frustrated (沮丧) and wish I could_ 27_ , to anywhere, just have a_ 28_ of scenery for a minute! There are times too, when I feel terribly_ 29_ . I miss my friends and family. _ 30_ these times, I find myself loving the_ 31_. Living on the tree has been inspiring. I am willing to_ 32_ up here for as long as it takes,_ 33_ I honestly hope it won't be too_ 34_ before I can put my feet on the ground below and stand in a forest that will never be _ 35_. 21. A. why B. when C. how D. where 22. A. water B. animals C. machinery D. tourists 23. A. bear B. help C. keep D. spare 24. A. sold B. stolen C. protected D. lost 25. A. grew out B. fell short C. ran out D. let go 26. A. refreshing B. risky C. challenging D. rewarding 27. A. get up B. get away C. give in D. give up 28. A. change B. look C. search D. touch 29. A. confused B. nervous C. sorry D. lonely 30. A. Beyond B. Without C. Despite D. Unlike 31. A. height B. experience C. background D. position 32. A. return B. stop C. stay D. hide 33. A. but B. though C. because D. so 34. A. soon B. long C. near D. bad 35. A. moved B. logged C. burned D. missed Cloze 3（山东省青岛市 2019-2020 学年高三上学期调研） Years ago, when I was working as psychologist at a children’s institution in England, a boy showed up in the waiting room. It was David. David’s face was pale, and he started at his feet 1 . He had lost his father as a baby and when David turned 13, his mother was killed in a car accident. He was very depressed, 2 to talk to others. The first two times we met, David didn’t say a word. As he was about to leave after the second visit, I put my hand on his shoulder. He didn’t shrink back, 3 he didn’t look at me either. “Come back next week,” I 4 a bit. Then I said, “I know it hurts. ” He came, and I 5 we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that we played chess every Wednesday afternoon in complete 6 and without making any eye 7 . It’s not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit that I made sure David 8 once or twice. It seemed as if he enjoyed my 9 , though he never looked at me. Perhaps he 10 that I respected his suffering. Until some months later, suddenly, he looked up at me, “It’s your 11 ,” he said. After that day, David started 12 . Since then he really started to live his own life. Maybe I gave David 13 . And David showed me how one – without any words – can 14 out to another person. All it takes is a hug, a 15 to cry on, a friendly touch, a sympathetic nature and an ear that listens. 1. A. happily B. friendly C. nervously D. excitedly 2. A. willing B. waiting C. refusing D. longing 3. A. but B. because C. or D. unless 4. A. hesitated B. cheered C. relaxed D. regretted 5. A. announced B. expected C. suggested D. ordered 6. A. equally B. silence C. liberty D. independence 7. A. exercise B. move C. rest D. contact 8. A. confused B. challenged C. won D. fought 9. A. company B. request C. talent D. chess 10. A. heard B. witness C. forgot D. sensed 11. A. duty B. achievement C. turn D. luck 12. A. talking B. living C. listening D. growing 13. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 14. A. jump B. reach C. pick D. look 15. A. sofa B. topic C. reason D. shoulder 参考答案 Cloze 1 21. C22. A23. C24. D25. A26. B27. B28. D29. C30. B 31. C32. A33. 34. D35. D 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。Molai 在印度的一个小村庄长大。16 岁的时候，一场洪水导致 他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。 Molai 决定改变这一切，他经过努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。在 30 多年的时间里，他 的努力使 1360 英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。 21. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。A. dream 梦想； B. job 工作；C. home 家；D. choice 选择。根据空前的 second 可知，他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附 近的一些“湿地”成为了他的第二个“家”。故选 C。 22. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A. nature 自然；B. youth 青春，年轻；C. culture 文化；D. knowledge 知识。湿地展现了“大自然”的价值和美。故选 A。 23. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:16 岁时，Molai 开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。 A. precious 宝贵的；B. interesting 有趣的；C. disturbing 令人不安的，引起烦恼的；D. awkward 尴尬 的，笨拙的。该段后半部分提到:洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令 人不安。故选 C。 24. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损害赶走了很 多鸟类。A. waste 废物；B. tension 紧张；C. pain 疼痛，痛苦；D. damage 损害，伤害。洪水侵袭这 个地区，它会“损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选 D。 25. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides 此外，另外；B. However 但是； C. Therefore 因此；D. Otherwise 否则。根据 as well 可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还 导致蛇的数量减少。故选 A。 26. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. agreed 同意；B. realized 意识到；C. remembered 记住，记起；D. predicted 预测。Molai“意识到”鸟儿离开、 蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选 B。 27. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. noise 噪音；B. heat 热；C. disease 疾病；D. dust 尘土。根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类 和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选 B。 28. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。 A. directions 方向；B. partners 伙伴，合作伙伴；C. help 帮助；D. shelter 遮蔽，庇护，遮蔽物。树木 可以给动物们提供“遮蔽”。故选 D。 29. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labor 劳动；B. police 警察；C. forest 森林；D. finance 财政，金融。根据前一句中的“The solution, of course, was to plant trees” 可知，Molai 想要种树，所以他应该向“森林”部门求助。故选 C。 30. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而，Molai 自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种 树。A. rebuilt 重建；B. discovered 发现；C. left 离开；D. managed 设法做成。根据前面的”looking on his own”可知，他自己去看，那么接下来就应该是他”发现”了一个小岛。故选 B。 31. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. Decorating 装饰；B. Observing 观察到；C. Watering 浇水；D. Guarding 守卫。该段后半部分叙述的是 Molai 想 尽办法收集水的努力。再结合该句中的“the dry season”可知，在旱季给幼苗“浇水”很难。故选 C。 32. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. tough 困难的；B. illegal 非法的；C. fantastic 极好的；D. beneficial 有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知， Molai 想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很“难”。故选 A。 33. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:Molai 在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有 小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. back 背部；B. top 顶端；C. foot 脚；D. side 一边，一侧。根据该段最后 一句“The water would then drip on the plants below”可知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，竹子平台 应该在每棵树苗的”顶端”。故选 B。 34. 考查动词(短语)辨析。句意:Molai 在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带 有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. cool down 冷却下来；B. keep off 与……保持距离；C. purify 净化，使 纯净；D. collect 收集。根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上“收 集”雨水。故选 D。 35. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:在接下来的 37 年里，Molai 继续种树。A. returned 返回；B. learned 学 会；C. failed 失败；D. continued 继续。根据后一句可知，他的努力使 1360 英亩的天然土地成为许多 动植物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的 37 年里，他“继续”种树。故选 D。 Cloze 2 21. A 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. B Cloze 3 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。作者许多年前是一位心理医生，他碰到了失去父母的大卫。大 卫拒绝跟任何人讲话。大卫第三次来的时候作者提议他们一起下象棋，于是在每周三下午他们两个 会在沉默中一起下棋。最终有一天，大卫开口说话了，从此以后大卫开启了新的生活。作者也从这 次经历中学到了很多。 1.C 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他脸色苍白，紧张地盯着自己的双脚。A. happily 高兴地； B. friendly 友好地；C. nervously 紧张地；D. excitedly 兴奋地。根据前文 David’s face was pale, 可知大卫脸色苍白，这说明他很紧张，故选 C 项。 2.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。 句意：他情绪低落，拒绝跟他人讲话。A. willing 愿意，希望 想 要；B. waiting 等待；C. refusing 拒绝；D. longing 渴望。根据后文 The first two times we met, David didn’t say a word. 可知头两次见面时大卫一句话也没说，这说明他拒绝说话，故选 C 项。 3.A 【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：他没有退缩着躲开，但是也没有看我一眼。A. but 但是； B. because 因为；C. or 或者；D. unless 除非。根据前文 He didn’t shrink back 可知大卫他没 有退缩着躲开，根据后文 he didn’t look at me either. 大卫也没有看我一眼，前后文为转折关系， 故选 A 项。 4. A. 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“下周还来吧。”我犹豫了一下，接着说，“我知道这令人 难过” A. hesitated 犹豫；B. cheered 欢呼；C. relaxed 放松；D. regretted 后悔。根据后文 Then I said, “I know it hurts. ”可知我对大卫说“这令人难过”，结合前文可知大卫失去了父母， 不愿意说话，我这么说可能会触及到他的伤心处，所以犹豫了一下。故选 A 项。 5. C. 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的确来了，我提议两人下象棋。A. announced 宣布；B. expected 期待，期望；C. suggested 建议，提议；D. ordered 命令。根据后文 He nodded 可 知大卫点头，说明下象棋是我提出来的，大卫点头是同意了我的建议，故选 C 项。 6.B 【解析】考查副词和名词词义辨析。句意：之后，我们每周三下午下棋---但很沉默，也没有眼 神上的接触。A. equally 同样地；相等地，平等地；B. silence 沉默； C. liberty 自由；D. independence 独立。根据后文 Until some months later, suddenly, he looked up at me, “It’s your___11___,” he said. After that day, David started ___12___可知大卫在几个月之后才开口 说话，这说明在这之前他都没和我说话，我们是在沉默中下象棋的，故选 B 项。 7.D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：之后，我们每周三下午下棋---但很沉默，也没有眼神上的 接触。A. exercise 锻炼；练习；B. move 移动；C. rest 休息；D. contact 联系；接触。根 据后文的_, though he never looked at me 可知下象棋时大卫从不看我，这说明下象棋时我和他 没有眼神上的接触交流，故选 D 项。 8.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：下棋时作弊并不容易，不过我得承认,我的确有意让大卫赢 过一两次。A. confused 使迷惑；B. challenged 挑战；C. won 赢得；D. fought 战斗；吵 架。根据 It’s not easy to cheat in chess 可知下棋时作弊并不容易，这说明我下棋时作弊了，结 合语境，作为大人我的棋艺肯定好一些，所以我作弊应该是为了让大卫赢得象棋比赛。故选 C 项。 9.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：看上去他很享受我的陪伴，尽管他从不看我一眼。A. company 陪伴；公司；B. request 请求；C. talent 才能；天才；天资；D. chess 国际象棋，西洋棋。 我和大卫一起下象棋对于大卫来说是一种陪伴，故选 A 项。 10.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许他感觉到了我尊重他的苦楚, A. heard 听；B. witness 目击；C. forgot 忘记；D. sensed 感觉到；察觉到。根据前文 It seemed as if he enjoyed my ___9___, though he never looked at me 可知大卫他很喜欢和我在一起，原因有可能就是大卫感 觉到了我尊重他的苦楚,故选 D 项。 11.C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到几个月后，突然，大卫抬头看着我，说道：“轮到你 了。”A. duty 责任；义务；B. achievement 成就；C. turn (依次轮流的)轮班，轮番，次序； D. luck 幸运。结合语境，下象棋是要轮流落子的，所以大卫对我说“轮到你了”，故选 C 项。 12. A. 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天之后，大卫开始说话了。 A. talking 说话；B. living 生活；C. listening 聆听；D. growing 成长。根据前文“It’s your___11___,” he said 可知大卫 开口说话了，所以那天之后，他开始说话了。故选 A 项。 13.B 【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意：也许我给予过大卫某种东西。A. anything 任何事情；B. something 某物，某事;C. nothing 无事； D. everything 每一件事。结合语境，这里要表达 的是也许我给过大卫某种东西，故选 B 项。 14.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大卫还使我明白，一个人怎样才能不通过语言而去帮助他 人。A. jump 跳；B. reach 到达，走到;C. pick 挑选；采摘；挖 D. look 看。我通过下象 棋而不是谈话帮助了大卫，reach out to sb 为固定搭配，意为“对…. . 伸出援手；联系”符合语 境，故选 B 项。 15.D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所需的只是一个拥抱，一个痛哭时可以依偎的肩头，一次 友好的抚慰，一种同情的本性，以及一双聆听的耳朵。A. sofa 沙发；B. topic 话题；C. reason 理由；D. shoulder 肩膀。一个拥抱，以此抚慰，一种同情的本性以及一双聆听的耳朵都是跟 人有关，以此类推，哭泣时可以依靠的应该是人的肩膀，故选 D 项。