1.4读后续写-冲刺2021年新高考英语题型变化解读

1.4 读后续写 备考 2020 年山东新高考英语题型变化解读 题型解读 读后续写 1.题型介绍 ◆选材特点 （1）所需阅读的短文词数在 350 以内； （2）多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主，故事情节有曲折、有起伏，但是，故事线索 的逻辑性比较强。 ◆评分参考 阅卷时主要考虑以下内容： （1）与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度； （2）内容的丰富性和对所给关键词语的覆盖情况； （3）应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性； （4）上下文的连贯性。 注意： （1）所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右（词数少于 130 的，从总分中减去 2 分）； （2）应使用 5 个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语； （3）续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； （4）续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 2.考查能力 读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合的考查形式，旨在考查学生的综合语言运用能力。与应用文 不同，故事续写除了要求学生掌握丰富的词汇和句式外，还注重学生的内容构思和情节衔接的能力。 主要聚焦在以下四个方面： 一是把握短文关键信息和语言特点的能力。学生需要了解给定短文的主要内容，清楚其关键词 和语言结构的使用情况，并通过续写短文表现出来。 二是语言运用的准确性和丰富性。期望学生在词汇和语言结构的使用方面准确、恰当，能够根 据内容需要使用较为高级的词汇和语言结构，阅卷老师会感觉这个学生很有水平。 三是对语篇结构的把控能力。考查学生对上下文逻辑关系的掌握情况，希望学生续写的短文语 句连贯、有序。 四是创造性思维能力。这是对学生续写短文内容得要求，期望学生续写的短文具有较丰富的内 容。该试题具有一定的开放性，要求学生详细和生动地描述情景、态度和感情，符合课程标准的要 求和学生的能力水平 3．续写特点 读后续写，简言之，就是阅读完一篇还未写完的文章之后，根据要求和提示把这篇文章未写完 部分补充完整，使之浑然一体。它一方面很好地考查考生对所学语言知识的实际运用能力，而另一 方面，它也培养学生的发散思维能力。根据《考试说明》该部分的规定，考生在续写文章时，要注 意续写部分＂与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度＂，＂内容的丰富性和对所标出关键词语的应用 情况＂，＂应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性＂以及＂上下文的连贯性＂。根据这些规定，我 们会发现读后续写有如下特点： （1）读后续写不是随心所欲，是要在引导语（开头语）和提示词的帮助下完成续写部分。如《考试 说明》样题中规定＂应使用 5 个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语（10 处）＂。这些关键词语类似 于传统写作中的要点提示，如人物、地点、事件，但是不同点在于这些关键词语并不是全用。这样 考生可根据自己的理解有很大的自主权。另外，所续写部分不能脱离各自段落的首句开头语，即： 不能另起炉灶。这些开头语与传统写作中的开头语类似，在某种程度上引导你的思路向哪方面发展。 （2）续写短文多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主，故事情节有曲折、有起伏，但是， 故事线索的逻辑性比较强。这样考生能够根据提示词语，顺着原来文章的思路续写文章，并适当发 散。 （3）读后续写要求读写并重。与阅读理解题一样，读后续写同样需要对本篇文章精确理解，这样所 续写部分才不至于偏离主题，就这方面而言有点类似阅读理解题中对文章后续发展的推断，如＂What would happen next?＂。 （4）所给文章的未完部分的思路和内容并不一定是唯一的，考生可以根据自己对文章的理解，从而 对文章的结尾有不同的诠释。如《考试说明》中读后续写的样题的结尾，考生可以理解为这个年轻 人是银行抢劫者，而 Arthur 因此成为一个大英雄；考生也可以理解为这个年轻人不是一个银行抢劫 者，结果产生了误会。 样题展示 【2020 年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头 语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 续写的词数应为 150 左右。 The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges. Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them. One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before. There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy. The little boy -his name was Bernard-had interested her very much. “I wish you could see him,” she said to her own children, John, Harry, and Clara. “He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money, but I don't see what he can do.” After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. “I wish we could help him to earn money,” said Clara. “His family is suffering so much.” “So do I,” said Harry. “We really should do something to assist them.” For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried, “I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish(完成).” The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one. “I tell you what we can do,” said John. “You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us? Well, we can make popcorn(爆米花), and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.” 注意: 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右: 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 When Mrs. Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ __________________ With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【写作指导】 本文是根据短文进行续写，使之成为一个完整的故事。 1.认真读懂所给提供的材料:善良的 Meredith 一家住在一个小社区里，他们想帮助一个贫困的家庭。 那家的男主人生病卧床，女主人要照顾丈夫、无法外出赚钱，家中的小男孩 Bernard 也做不了什么 事情，生活十分困难。后来，Meredith 的孩子想出了一个主意--制作爆米花，让 Bernard 去卖爆米花。 2.根据所给材料确定文章主题:Meredith 如何通过制作和卖爆米花帮助 Bernard 一家摆脱困境的。 3.续写部分和前面的文章衔接得上，并且与原文情节发展和人物性格相一致，故事情节的向后延续 发展要合乎情理。 4.根据第一段首句 When Mrs. Meredith heard of John’s idea, she thought it was a good one, too.(当 Meredith 太太听到 John 的主意时，她也认为这是个好主意)可以针对如何实现制作爆米花这个提议展 开构思；根据第二段首句 With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.(一切准备就绪 后，Bernard 开始了他的新生意)可以针对 Bernard 如何通过卖爆米花让家庭摆脱困境展开构思。 5.续写的语言要尽可能与原文的语言保持风格上的一致。文章时态以一般过去时为主。应使用自己 熟悉的句型和短语进行写作，考生要注意尽可能使句子的表达形式多样化，适当的使用一些高级句 式和高级词汇，以提高书面表达的档次和可读性。作文要层次清晰，要点全面，表达流畅，切合题 干要求，句子结构准确，适当补充信息，使篇章结构连贯。 【范文】 When Mrs. Meredith heard of John’s idea, she thought it was a good one, too. So, they went to the local supermarket together. They bought a bag of corn and some special bags for popcorn. When they got home, they made a lot of popcorn and put it in the special bags. With the popcorn, they went to Bernard’s home. They told Bernard how to sell the popcorn. Bernard and his parents were very grateful. And the Meredith family also felt very happy to help this family. With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business. He took the popcorn around to the houses and sold all his popcorn. He earned a lot of money. Then, he wanted to be self-dependent. Therefore, he asked Mrs. Meredith to teach him how to make popcorn. After that, not only did he sell popcorn, but he also added cream and salt to the popcorn to make it taste better. Bernard grew up to be a remarkable man. He did not forget the help of Meredith’s family, and he also did what he could to help those in need. 续写步骤 （1）精读文章，确定文章线索。每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章 的写作线索，如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等，这样有利于考生＂顺藤摸瓜（结尾）＂。 （2）仔细审题，明确续写要求。一般短文后面的＂注意＂都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数 限制、使用几处下划线关键词语、续写段落的首句提示，这样考生做到＂心中有数＂。 （3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路。根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路，结合 段首的提示语，最终确定续写段落的思路，同时结合文章划线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。 （4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句。在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中划线 的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的 正确使用，使上下文连贯。 （5）标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语。这一点可以帮助考生自己检查关键 词的使用情况并根据情况做出修改。最后在誊写文字时，务必做到＂字迹工整、清晰＂。 备考建议 面对读后续写这一新写作题型，在了解了其特点和写作技巧之后，考生只要加以适度练习，对 此新题型可以做到得心应手。 1. 充分利用记叙文故事类的阅读理解或者完形填空。考生在做此类文章的试题时，读到适当的位置， 可以短暂停止，根据已读部分文章的脉络，对文章进行发散思维，设想可能的几种结尾，最后对照 原文的结尾，看自己的设想是否与原文一致。 2. 经常实施微型化训练，也就是对所读文章的某一段落进行设想。根据某一段落的首句提示，结合 文章的上文对该段进行合理设想，具体推断该段可能要讲述的内容。 3. 与传统写作类似，续写文章更加要注意句与句之间的连接词，甚至是冠词的暗示作用。如《考试 说明》的样题中续写部分的第二段＂the Police Station＂中的＂the＂表明在上一段中已经提到，同时 后面的 and 表明前后之间是并列关系。 4. 进行适度专题化练习。俗话说，熟能生巧。对于读后续写这一新题型也是如此。通过适度地练习， 可以进一步熟知该种题型的特色，更好地掌握该种题型的写作技巧，更有效地调动传统写作的基础 知识，从而写出一篇优美的续写短文。需要注意的是，后续写补全的是语篇，而非单词或短语。 5. 在平时的教学中，老师要帮助学生释放创造力和想象力，激发表达动机。 通关演练 1 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 When most people look back on middle school, they remember their best friends, and so do I. But what I remember may be a little different. Let me explain. My heart was pounding when I climbed onto the school bus on the first day of middle school. As I was looking for a seat, my eyes landed on two girls sitting together. They smiled at me and pointed to the seat next to theirs. I sat down and we chatted. They were Heather and Jessica. It turned out that we had the first period together and we became friends. We ate lunch together, hung out in the park and played games in Jessica's room on weekends. But our friendship wasn't without its faults. Jessica had an "I'm-the-boss" personality. She always had to be in charge. One time, the three of us went to the mall. I wanted to go to Abercrombie. But Jessica rolled her eyes and told me to go to Rave. Not wanting to argue, I followed her. This skirt would look great on you. "Jessica exclaimed. "Try it on!" "I don't like it," I said. Jessica gave me a death glare so I made my way to the dressing room. I ended up spending fifty dollars on a skirt that I didn't even like, just to make Jessica happy. Throughout the following year, this was how it was. If Jessica went somewhere, Heather and I went there too. I found I was behaving as a pretended version of myself just to please Jessica and to keep her from being mad at me. Then, summer came. Jessica invited Heather and me to go to Cape Cod with her. I decided to go to Florida with another friend instead, so Jessica got angry. I went to Florida and didn't hear from her. 注意： 1.续写的词数应为 150 左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 One day, my phone rang and the caller ID showed "Jessica". ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Three days later, I received a text message from Jessica, reading "Can we have a talk?" ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 On February 4, while working on a construction site in Gratiot County, Michigan, Hansen heard terrified screams coming from nearby. He stopped his work and looked up. Standing on the back porch(门 廊) of the home next door was a little boy yelling “Help!” while four fierce dogs barked madly in a circle below him. At first, Hansen thought it was just a dog fight. Then alarm bells went off in his head. “The noises they made sounded like what dogs do when they’re killing something,” he says. His thought proved right when another young boy suddenly popped up in the middle of the dogs, and Hansen watched in horror as they sank in their teeth and threw him across the grass like a small doll. “He was shirtless and covered in blood, and those dogs were trying to kill him.” says Hansen. Hansen raced across the grass, jumped the fence, and landed in the neighbor’s yard. He shouted at the dogs, but they ignored him. Then he displayed the most aggression that he could manage, yelling louder until they let go just long enough for Hansen to catch eight-year-old Ethan Nokes around the stomach and bear-hug him. “I couldn’t hold him under his armpits( 腋 窝 ), which would have made it easier to run, because they were torn wide open,” says Hansen. As Hansen dashed across the yard, the dogs bounced on him, biting at Ethan. Hansen rushed onto the steps. So did the dogs. When he reached the top, he pulled on a door; it wouldn’t open. “A dog grabbed Ethan’s foot, and I thought they were going to get him back from me,” he says. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Hansen tried a second door. It sprang open. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ With the house quiet, he went to check on Ethan in the bedroom. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 A farmer grew some vegetables in his garden. One day his wife was ill and he had no money. He had to sell some cabbages and carrots in the market. The next morning he took two baskets of vegetables to town. But it was snowing hard that afternoon and there were few people in the street. When his vegetables were sold out, it was dark. He bought some medicine and hurried to his village. On his way home he saw a person lying on the snow. He placed his baskets on the ground and was going to help the person to get up. At that time he found it was a dead man and there was much blood on his body. He was so afraid that he ran away quickly, without taking the baskets with him. The next afternoon the farmer was sent to the police station. Having shown the baskets, an officer asked, “Are these yours?” “Yes, sir,” the farmer answered timidly. “Have you killed the man?” “No, no, sir,” the farmer said in a hurry. “When did you see the dead man?” “About seven last evening.” “Did you see who killed the man?” “No, sir.” The officer brought out a knife and asked, “Have you seen it before?” “No, sir.” The officer became angry and told the policeman to beat him up and sent him into prison. He wanted to trap the farmer into the confession, but the farmer didn't admit he was the murderer. Paragraph 1: The officer was so angry that he asked the policeman to beat him up again. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: The farmer was lucky. A few days later, ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 Far up in the mountains of Canada, there is an old abandoned wooden house. Once it was occupied by a young couple who wanted to distance themselves from the troublesome affairs of this modern world. Here they were miles away from the nearest town. Bob, the husband, made the occasional trip into town to buy supplies whereas Jan, his wife, spent her free time by the fire, sewing. Their life was simply peaceful. Then, one midwinter’s day, Jan woke up from bed with a strange ache in her bones. Putting it down to overwork, Bob asked her to bed and made sure she rested. Though Jan was impatient to get to her chores (杂活), Bob comforted her, “Relax, Sugar. You’re overdoing things. All these chores will be here when you recover.” However, Jan seemed to be getting worse instead of recovering. By evening, she was running a high fever and in greater pain. In spite of his best efforts, Bob could not manage to ease her suffering. And then suddenly, she started to get into unconsciousness. It was then obvious that she was seriously ill. What could Bob do? He had no experience in treating the sick and Jan was getting worse by the minute. He knew that there was an old doctor in town but he lived three miles away, downhill. Heavy and fat, there was no way the doctor could make it up to their house. Something had to be done quickly! Bob racked his brains but had no idea at all. The only thing left to do was to go to the doctor. In Jan’s condition, she could never walk that far in the waist-deep snow. Bob would have to carry her! Bob searched his mind for a way to move poor, sick Jan. Then, he remembered. He had once made a sledge (雪橇) so that they could ride together over the mountain. They never got around to using it though, because the whole mountain was thickly covered with rocks and trees. He had never found a safe way down. However, he decided to have a try in spite of those risks. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ At last, the town came into view but the sledge gave strange sounds. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 1. 【范文】 One day, my phone rang and the caller ID showed “Jessica”. I answered it. “Why do my other friends call and you don't?” Jessica questioned. I thought it was time to tell her the truth, so I took a deep breath and said, "Jessica, you're fun to be with but I'm afraid of you. I never know when you're going to get mad at me. It's hard to have a friend who's always angry." The line went dead. She'd hung up on me. Three days later, I received a text message from Jessica, reading “Can we have a talk?” We met in her room where we used to have so much fun together. Surprisingly, Jessica thanked me for what I said. When I said “sorry”, she told me, “I don't think telling the truth is a mistake. Real friends are there for you through the toughest times—they don't cause them. Can I have another chance?" I was so touched by her words. Since then, she has become a much better friend, and me too. 2 【范文】 Paragraph1: Hansen tried a second door. It sprang open. He rushed inside, followed closely by the dogs. He opened a bedroom door a crack, shoved Ethan in, and then slammed it shut. He turned and faced the dogs that were surrounding him. Hansen screamed and yelled, managing to chase them out and shut the door. The dogs sat outside, glaring at him. Paragraph 2: With the house quiet, he went to check on Ethan in the bedroom. Rescue arrived soon after, and Ethan was airlifted to the hospital, where he underwent surgery for the more than 30 bite wounds he’d suffered from head to toe. Hansen, meanwhile, walked away with scratches on his legs and forehead. After two months, Ethan was fully recovered. Ethan pays frequent visits to Hansen, and he and his brother once even came and stayed overnight. Clearly, Hansen has become more than his savior. 3 【范文】 Paragraph 1: The officer was so angry that he asked the policeman to beat him up again. The farmer was very afraid, and he thought he would be sentenced to death by killing people, although he was innocent. He must tell people the truth, but no one could hear his voice. He hoped that someone could come and save him. Paragraph 2: The farmer was lucky. A few days later, a young man came to the police station with a lot of journalists, saying that he saw the murderer. It was the police officer who killed the man on the snow! He saw the police officer killing the man with a knife late in the evening. He was so frightened and ran away. But the young man thought the farmer was innocent. So he took the great courage to expose the real criminal. After the investigation, the young man was right. The police officer was sent into prison and the policeman who beat up the farmer was fired, and the brave young man was regarded as the hero by the villagers. 4 【范文】 However, he decided to have a try in spite of those risks. He found the sledge. Then, Bob gently carried Jan into the sledge, got in the front, and pushed off. He drove the sledge with all his heart. Trees came up in front of him quickly by his side. He controlled the sledge carefully not to touch any of them. All he could do was not to scream as falling over and hitting seemed so near. At last, the town came into view but the sledge gave strange sounds. Barely slowing down, he went through the icy streets, avoiding anything that could met the sledge. And the sledge only stopped as he neared the doctor's house. The sledge, survived through the journey, broke down finally. Bob picked up his Jan eagerly and gently and made his way into the doctor's house. Luckily, Jan recovered fully from her fever. Love always makes miracles.