江苏省六校联合2021届高三第四次适应性考试英语试题（解析版）

江苏省六校联合 2021 届高三第四次适应性考试 英语 注意事项: 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动， 用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试 卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。 第一节 (共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分) 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例:How much is the shirt? A.£19.15. B.£9.18. C.£9.15. 答案是 C。 1.Who is the woman? A.A bus driver. B.A passenger. C.A conductor. 2.Why does the woman talk to the man? A.To ask for a favor. B.To deliver a letter. C.To buy a present. 3.Where does the conversation probably take place? A.At a barber’s. B.At a clothing store. C.At a tailor’s. 4.How does the man look now? A.Worried. B.Tired. C.Disappointed. 5.What does the woman think of the book? A.It is too thick. B.It is hard to understand. C.It is a popular dictionary. 第二节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分) 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中 选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后， 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话和独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6.What part of his leg did the man hurt? A.His knee. B.His foot. C.His ankle. 7.What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? A.Doctor and patient. B.Patient and receptionist. C.Player and coach. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。 8.What kind of room does the man reserve? A.A single room. B.A double room. C.A suite room. 9.How much will the man pay? A.$160. B.$180. C.$200. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。 10.How did Henry start his learning? A.Watching TV. B.Eating a local dish. C.Going to the local market. 11.Where did Henry do the cooking? A.In a hotel kitchen. B.On the beach. C.In a restaurant. 12.What is Henry going to do next? A.Open a restaurant. B.Cook Thai food at home. C.Learn how to carve fruits. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。 13.What would the man want to be? A.A movie actor. B.A rock star. C.A fisherman. 14.Why would the woman like to be a writer? A.To achieve instant fame. B.To have flexible schedules. C.To earn more money. 15.What would interest the woman most as an astronaut? A.Doing experiments. B.Wearing a spacesuit. C.Watch the Earth from space. 16.What are the speakers talking about? A.Cool jobs. B.Job interviews. C.Life in the future. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 17.When will the tourists set off? A.At 7 am. B.At 7∶30 am. C.At 8 am. 18.What will the tourists do before going to the hills? A.Elect tent leaders. B.Buy necessary food. C.Set up the tents. 19.What is the weather like in the hills this weekend? A.Sunny. B.Terrible. C.Changeable. 20.What is the speaker doing? A.Introducing a trip plan. B.Introducing a camping area. C.Showing tourists around Scotland. 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50 分) 第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Buzzwords (流行词汇) Splinternet Europe is floating regulation that could impose temporary bans on US tech companies that violate its laws. If such territorial agreements become more common, the globally-connected Internet we know will more like what some have called the “splinternet”, or a collection of different Internets whose limits are determined by national or regional borders. Cyberpunk —Do you think we are already in a cyberpunk age? —I think we are. Just look around us, we are enjoying the fruit of high technology when we order almost everything at our fingertips. But the people delivering the products can’t even have a decent meal. That’s a typical “high tech, low life” contrast. Mansplaining —You must follow my instructions to complete the project. Don’t you ever screw up. —Stop mansplaining, OK? I’m far more experienced than you. Digital natives If you are wondering why “Phone” app icon is designed like that and looks almost the same on every smartphone, you are definitely one of the digital natives who don’t know what a telephone is. Social bankruptcy Have you ever found it extremely exhausting trying to maintain a balanced relationship with all your social media friends and followers? Perhaps it’s time that you go social bankruptcy. Just close all your accounts and go out and enjoy the sunshine. 1. The social media platform Facebook briefly decided to prevent Australian users from sharing new links. Which word is most relevant to this affair? A. Splinternet B. Mansplaining C. Digital natives D. Social bankruptcy 2. Mencius (孟子) once said: “Disgust for someone by others does focus on his/her pretending to be others’ master.” Which word means the same thing? A. Splinternet B. Cyberpunk C. Mansplaining D. Digital natives 3. Which column in Teen Space Magazine is the text probably from? A. Preface B. Outlook C. Story D. Witticism 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些如今流行的流行词汇的含义。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Europe is floating regulation that could impose temporary bans on US tech companies that violate its laws. If such territorial agreements become more common, the globally-connected Internet we know will more like what some have called the “splinternet”, or a collection of different Internets whose limits are determined by national or regional borders.(欧洲正在实施一项浮动法规，可能对违反欧洲法律的美国科技公司 实施临时禁令。 如果这样的领土协议变得更加普遍，我们所知道的全球互联互联网将更像一些人所说的 “分裂互联网”，或不同互联网的集合，其界限由国家或地区边界决定)”可知，社交媒体平台 Facebook 暂 时决定阻止澳大利亚用户分享新的链接，Splinternet 与之相关。故选 A。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Mansplaining 部分中“—You must follow my instructions to complete the project. Don’t you ever screw up. —Stop mansplaining, OK? I’m far more experienced than you.(——你必须按照我的指示完成这 个项目。 千万别搞砸了。——停止好为人师好吗？我比你经验丰富多了)”可知，孟子说过“人之患在好为 人师”与 C 选项“Mansplaining”意思是一样的。故选 C。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章标题“Buzzwords (流行词汇)”以及文章主要介绍了一些如今流行的流行词汇的含 义，可推知，文章可能来自《青少年空间杂志》的“前景”专栏。故选 B。 B The vaccine (疫苗) news continues to seem very encouraging. Britain started its mass vaccination effort and the U.S. isn’t far behind. But there is still one dark cloud hanging over the vaccines that many people don’t yet understand. The vaccines will be much less effective at preventing death and illness in 2021 if they are introduced into a population where the coronavirus is still severe—as is now the case in the U.S. A vaccine is like a fire hose (消防龙头). A vaccine that’s 95 percent effective, as Moderna’s and Pfizer’s versions appear to be, is a powerful fire hose. But the size of a fire is still a bigger determinant of how much destruction occurs. At the current level of infection in the U.S. (about 200,000 confirmed new infections per day), a vaccine that is 95 percent effective—distributed at the expected pace—would still leave a terrible toll (伤亡人数) in the six months after it was introduced. Almost 10 million or so Americans would catch the virus, and more than 160,000 would die. This is far worse than the toll in a different situation where the vaccine was only 50 percent effective but the U.S. had reduced the infection rate to its level in early September (about 35,000 new daily cases). In that case, the death toll in the next six months would be kept to about 60,000. It’s worth pausing for a moment on this comparison. If the U.S. had maintained its infection rate from September and Moderna and Pfizer had announced this fall that their vaccines were only 50 percent effective, a lot of people would have panicked. But the reality we have is actually worse. How could this be? No vaccine can get rid of a pandemic immediately, just as .no fire hose can put out a forest fire. While the vaccine is being distributed, the virus continues to do damage. There is one positive way to look at this: Measures that reduce the virus’s spread—like mask-wearing, social distancing and rapid-result testing—can still have great consequences. They can save more than 100,000 lives in coming months. 4. How does the author mainly present his argument? A. By giving definitions. B. By categorizing facts. C. By drawing comparisons. D. By appealing to emotions. 5. Which does the author think is a better way to save lives? A. Improving the effectiveness of the vaccines. B. Producing a greater variety of vaccines. C. Looking at the situation in a positive way. D. Wearing masks and practicing social distancing. 6. What does paragraph 6 tell us? A. The vaccines are less effective than expected. B. The US have controlled the spread of the coronavirus. C. The death toll in the next six months will be about 60,000. D. Fewer people will die if the infection rate is lower. 7. What can we infer from the text? A. The vaccine is the hope of wiping out the pandemic. B. The public are optimistic about the effects of the vaccine. C. The public are concerned about the high infection rate. D. The distribution of vaccine will end the pandemic quickly. 【答案】4. C 5. D 6. D 7. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了在疫情下，疫苗并不能有效地阻止新冠传播，最有效的方法还是戴上 口罩，保持适当的距离。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“A vaccine is like a fire hose . A vaccine that’s 95 percent effective, as Moderna’s and Pfizer’s versions appear to be, is a powerful fire hose. But the size of a fire is still a bigger determinant of how much destruction occurs.(疫苗就像消防水带。就像 Moderna 和 Pfizer 的版本一样，这种具有 95％效力的疫苗 是一种强大的消防水带。但是，火的大小仍是更大程度地决定发生多少破坏的决定因素)”可知，作者将新 冠疫苗比作消防水带，引出疫情的影响并不是由疫苗所控制的。故选 C。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“There is one positive way to look at this: Measures that reduce the virus’s spread—like mask-wearing, social distancing and rapid-result testing—can still have great consequences. They can save more than 100,000 lives in coming months.(有一个积极的方法可以解决这一问题：减少病毒传播的措施 （例如戴口罩，远离社会和进行快速结果检测）会产生重大后果。在未来几个月中，他们可以挽救 100,000 多条生命)”可知，作者认为戴口罩，保持社交距离是最有效预防新冠的措施。故选 D。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第六段“This is far worse than the toll in a different situation where the vaccine was only 50 percent effective but the U.S. had reduced the infection rate to its level in early September (about 35,000 new daily cases). In that case, the death toll in the next six months would be kept to about 60,000.(这远比在另一种情 况下造成的损失要糟糕得多，在这种情况下，疫苗的有效率仅为 50％，但美国已将感染率降低到 9 月初的 水平（每天约有 35,000 例新病例）。在这种情况下，未来六个月的死亡人数将保持在 60,000 人左右)”可知， 美国的感染率下降到 9 月初的水平，死亡人数也相应减少。由此推知，感染率降低死亡人数也会减少。故 选 D。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The vaccine news continues to seem very encouraging. Britain started its mass vaccination effort and the U.S. isn’t far behind. (疫苗新闻似乎仍然令人鼓舞。英国开始大规模疫苗接种工作， 而美国也紧随其后)”可知，人们非常乐于接种新冠疫苗。再结合倒数第四段“If the U.S. had maintained its infection rate from September and Moderna and Pfizer had announced this fall that their vaccines were only 50 percent effective, a lot of people would have panicked. 如果美国从 9 月开始保持感染率，并且如果 Moderna 和 Pfizer 今年秋天宣布其疫苗的有效率仅为 50％，那么很多人就会感到恐慌)”可知，如果宣布疫苗有效率仅 为 50%的话，人们就会感到恐慌。由此推断出，大众乐于接受疫苗，是因为大众认为疫苗有效率高可以防 御新冠，所以公众对疫苗的效果持乐观态度。故选 B。 C Every year more people recognize that it is wrong to kill wildlife for “sport”. Progress in this direction is slow because shooting is not a sport for watching, and only those few who take par realize the cruelty and destruction. The number of gunners, however, grows rapidly. Children too young to develop proper judgments through independent thought are led a long way away by their gunning parents. They are subjected to advertisements of gun producers who describe shooting as good for their health and gun-carrying as a way of putting redder blood in the veins（血管）. They are persuaded by gunner magazines with stories honoring the chase and the kill. In school they view motion pictures which are supposedly meant to teach them how to deal with arms safely but which are actually designed to stimulate（刺激）a desire to own a gun. Wildlife is disappearing because of shooting and because of the loss of wildland habitat Habitatloss will continue with our increasing population, but can we slow the loss of wildlife caused by shooting? There doesn't seem to be any chance if the serious condition of our birds is not improved. Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people. Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to life as we do and that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures. The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of mortality can make nobody happy. If, as they would have you believe, gun-carrying and killing improve human character, then perhaps we should encourage war. 8. According to the text, most people do not seem to be against hunting because . A. they have little knowledge of it. B. it helps to build human character. C. it is too costly to stop killing wildlife. D. they want to keep wildlife under control. 9. The underlined word “agony” in the last paragraph probably means . A. difficulty. B. tress. C. pain. D. sadness. 10. According to the text, the films children watch at school actually . A. teach them how to deal with guns safely. B. praise hunting as character building. C. describe hunting as a physical exercise. D. encourage them to have guns of their own. 11. By saying “perhaps we should encourage war”, the writer intends to tell us that . A. Hunting to build human character makes no sense. B. War in the best way to improve human character. C. We are on the edge of war against gunners. D. Protecting wildlife from gunners is extremely difficult. 【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了，虽然人们认为打猎是错误的，但是持枪的人却在迅速增加；猎杀 动物使得野生动物变得越来越少了，事实上动物和我们一样拥有在这个地球居住的权利。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。由第三段中的“Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it.”（虽然大多数人不开枪，但他们似乎原谅为体育而射击，因为他们对这 件事知之甚少或一无所知。），可知大多数人原谅为体育而开枪（即把打猎看成运动），所以似乎并不反对狩 猎，是因为他们对这件事几乎一无所知。故选 A 项。 【9 题详解】 词义猜测题。由最后一段中的“The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of mortality can make nobody happy.”（枪手们喜欢描述 他们的性格塑造，但我们知道，伤害动物，看着它经历死亡的 agony，不会让任何人感到高兴。），结合“to wound an animal”和“watch it go through the agony of mortality”可知，伤害动物，动物要死亡，被伤害的将 死的动物肯定很痛苦，agony 在此处意为“pain（痛苦）”。故选 C 项。 【10 题详解】 细节理解题。由第二段中的“In school they view motion pictures which are supposedly meant to teach them how to deal with arms safely but which are actually designed to stimulate（刺激）a desire to own a gun.”（在学校里， 他们看的是电影，这些电影据说是为了教他们如何安全地处理武器，但实际上是为了激发他们拥有自己枪 支的欲望。），可知孩子们在学校看的电影其实是激发他们拥有自己枪支的欲望，即鼓励他们拥有自己的枪。 故选 D 项。 【11 题详解】 句意猜测题。由最后一段“Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to life as we do and that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures. The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of mortality can make nobody happy. If, as they would have you believe, gun-carrying and killing improve human character, then perhaps we should encourage war.”（现在，是时候意识到动物和我们一样有生 命权，拿枪射击无害美丽的生物，没有什么公平或正确的。枪手们喜欢描述他们的性格塑造，但我们知道， 伤害动物，看着它经历死亡的痛苦，不会让任何人感到高兴。如果，正如你所相信的那样，携带枪支和杀 人可以提高人类的性格，那么也许我们应该鼓励战争。），可知作者认为打猎是不公平或正确的，枪手们认 为打猎能塑造人们的性格，但本质上看着动物痛苦地死去，没人会开心，所以作者并不认为打猎能塑造人 们的性格，作者说的“也许我们应该鼓励战争”也是反话，就像没人会鼓励战争一样，作者认为打猎对性 格塑造也是毫无意义的。故选 A 项。 D Last summer my daughter’s school was blown up. No students were harmed, but the main building was completely destroyed, as well as the nearby dorms. Before you start trying to ask when this horrible act took place on U. S. soil, I should mention that this attack didn’t happen in reality, rather in my daughter’s carefully constructed Minecraft world. During an online journey with a few friends, a stranger came to her school and bombed the school she had carefully built. In a minute, her school was ruined. Sure, no actual property(财产)was damaged. But the emotional pain she felt was very much real. She thought this was a form of terrorism. I shared this act of absurd online violence on my Facebook page, and fellow parents with Minecraft-loving children were just as shocked as I was. I had thought this was a unique experience, and my daughter was just unlucky that this happened to her. But, as it turned out, she was far from alone. The acts were performed by computer bullies(暴徒) known as “griefers”. The platform that my daughter was playing was the Minecraft: Pocket Edition(PE)version, which is popular with younger players. While she once only played in creative mode(模式), she began to play in the multi-player mode so that she and a few friends from school could build and create together. That multi-player choice made it possible for a stranger, one of these “griefers”, to do damage. It was a painful lesson for my daughter that dangers happened suddenly. She understood we have to protect ourselves from bad people in the real world. Still, there was some goodness that came out of the ruins. Many fellow players of hers took the time to help her rebuild her school, which has been set up again. She is moved. Also, this experience opened her eyes. 12. What was the result of the daughter’s school being blown up? A. All the buildings but the dorms were ruined. B. Many students were seriously injured. C. Money needed to be seriously injured. D. The author’s daughter felt hurt a lot. 13. Before talking to other parents about the attack the author had thought that . A. her daughter should be blamed for it B. this attack was just a rare incident C. danger happened all of a sudden on the Internet D. her daughter was too lonely 14. Which of the following is NOT true about the “griefers”? A. They can help players build and create a new world. B. They are performed by computer bullies. C. They are likely to cause damage in the multi-player mode. D. They disturb and cause sadness to game players. 15. What did her daughter do after the incident? A. Quit playing Minecraft. B. Gave up multi-player mode. C. Learned to defend herself against bad people. D. Decided to rebuild her school independently. 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者女儿学校发生爆炸后，她感觉受到很大的伤害。事故后，作者 的女儿明白要学会保护自己不受坏人的伤害。 【12 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后两句“But the emotional pain she felt was very much real. She thought this was a form of terrorism.（但是她所感受到的情感上的痛苦是非常真实的。她认为这是恐怖主义的一种形式。）” 可知，作者的女儿感觉受到很大的伤害。故选 D。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“I had thought this was a unique experience, and my daughter was just unlucky that this happened to her.（我曾以为这是一次独特的经历，我的女儿只是不走运，这件事发生在她身上）”可知， 在和其他父母谈论以前作者认为这是一次罕见的事故。故选 B。 【14 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中 The acts were performed by computer bullies(暴徒) known as “griefers”. While she once only played in creative mode(模式), she began to play in the multi-player mode so that she and a few friends from school could build and create together. That multi-player choice made it possible for a stranger, one of these “griefers”, to do damage.（这些行为是由被称为“griefers”的电脑恶霸执行的。虽然她曾经只玩创意模式，但 她开始玩多人模式，以便她和学校的几个朋友一起创建和创造。这种多人游戏选择让陌生人，也就是这些“捣 乱者”之一，能够造成伤害）”可知，它们由计算机恶霸执行；它们很可能在多玩家模式下造成损害；它们扰 乱并给游戏玩家带来悲伤。由此可知，“它们并不能帮助建立和创造一个新的世界。”这个表述是不正确的。 故选 A。 【15 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“She understood we have to protect ourselves from bad people in the real world. （她明白我们必须保护自己不受现实世界里坏人的伤害。）”可知，事故后，作者的女儿明白学会了保护自 己不受坏人伤害。故选 C。 第二节 (共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。 We think of winter as cold and flu season，but the cold temperatures have powerful biological upsides too. Boosts your brain ___16___ .Studies have found that people perform some cognitive（认知的）tasks like making decisions better when the temperature is cooler. Research has also shown that people are less willing to handle complex tasks in the summer than in the winter. Burns calories（卡路里） When it's cold，your body works harder to keep your core temperature，which is typically. about 98.6 degrees. "Our bodies use a considerable amount of energy to keep us warm and to dampen the air we breathe when we're out in the cold，"explains Stacy Tucker，an expert from Kansas City. ___17___ . A recent study showed that participants burned 34 percent more calories when they hiked in 14-to 23-degree temperatures than they did hiking on 50-degree days. Activates healthy fat We know accumulating too much ordinary fat or "white fat" can endanger our health. But adults also have small amounts of beneficial "brown fat" that can quicken their metabolism（新陈代谢）and bum more calories ___18___ . Encourages better sleep Your body's core temperature drops when you're trying to sleep. ___19___ ，but it's much faster in winter， says Tucker. Plus，with darker mornings，you naturally sleep later. ___20___ Yes，you might get more colds during the winter. However，studies have shown that the immune system can be activated by colder temperatures，which improves our ability to fight infections，explains Tucker. That said，the flu virus becomes strong in cold，dry air，and time spent indoors increases your chance of infection. To reduce risk， get your annual flu shot，wash your hands frequently，and go outside. A. Fights infections B. So fasten your boots C. Suffers from infections D. Colder temperatures can help you think more clearly E. And cold temperatures can activate this useful fat F. Exercising in the winter makes heart muscles stronger G. This process can take up to two hours in the summer 【答案】16. D 17. B 18. E 19. G 20. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了冬天较低的气温给人体带来的五种生理方面的好处。 【16 题详解】 横线后一句“Studies have found that people perform some cognitive（认知的）tasks like making decisions better when the temperature is cooler.”告诉我们当温度较低的时候，人们在完成认知任务的时候，表现会更好。由 此可见低温可以帮助我们更加清晰地思考问题。故选择 D 项。 【17 题详解】 横线前句“Our bodies use a considerable amount of energy to keep us warm and to dampen the air we breathe when we're out in the cold”告诉当天气寒冷的时候，我们的身体需要耗费更多的能量来保暖。所以我们自己 要做好保暖措施，选项中只有 B 项“系紧你的靴子”是我们可以采取的保暖措施。本题也可以用排除法来解 题，其余 6 句内容与此内容无关。故选 B 项。 【18 题详解】 本段的主题是“Activates healthy fat”激活健康脂肪。横线前一句“But adults also have small amounts of beneficial "brown fat" that can quicken their metabolism（新陈代谢）and bum more calories”告诉我们人体内有 一些可以加快新陈代谢的脂肪同时燃烧更多的卡路里。较低的温度恰好可以激活这样的脂肪，故 E 项正确。 【19 题详解】 横线前一句“Your body's core temperature drops when you're trying to sleep.”告诉我们当人们睡觉的时候，体温 会下降。横线句对本句进行解释，G 项“夏天这一过程需要两个小时”中的夏天与横线后句“but it's much faster in winter”中的冬天形成呼应。故 G 项正确。 【20 题详解】 根据本段第二句“However，studies have shown that the immune system can be activated by colder temperatures， which improves our ability to fight infections，explains Tucker.”可知低温可以激活我们的免疫系统抵抗感染。A 项“Fights infections”与本段内容一致，故选择 A 项。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分 30 分) 第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 My relationship with my pen pal (笔友) is one of the most valuable friendships I have ever had, even though I have never met her in _________21_________, or even heard her voice. It all started in 2013. I was on my way to USC to meet with Kerstin Zilm, a German radio personality who wanted to interview me about being a _________22_________ student at Long Beach City College. After the interview, a woman named Renate _________23_________ out to Kerstin, inquiring how she could find me and help me financially with college. I thought it was great that Renate, who _________24_________ in Germany, wanted to assist with my education. At first, Renate and I emailed each other twice a _________25_________. She wanted to know a lot more about my life growing up in Watts, my attempts to _________26_________ my education, and whether there were ways _________27_________ finances that she could help. I did not have a specific answer for her last question, but her _________28_________ support was important. Just having someone rooting for me and my education gave me a boost. Her support kept coming, in _________29_________ forms. She would email me articles, send books, and began a __________30__________ of having a birthday cake delivered to me every December on my birthday. I emailed back more frequently. When I had a good day, I couldn’t wait to tell Renate. And when I had a bad day, I couldn’t wait to tell her __________31__________ because I knew she would make me feel better. “You really have the heart of a fighter,” she would say in her email, “But fortunately you also got soul, __________32__________ and compassion. In this way you are a rich person.” Whenever I needed encouragement, she always __________33__________. After a couple of years of pen pal friendship, we were emailing at least once a week. I even downloaded WhatsApp so I could talk to her more __________34__________. My friendship with Renate has become so important to me that I can no longer __________35__________ a life where I was not her friend. She has become a friend forever. 21. A. place B. total C. person D. truth 22. A. struggling B. fresh C. lead D. top 23. A. turned B. laid C. carried D. reached 24. A. locates B. travels C. resides D. gives 25. A. day B. week C. month D. year 26. A. further B. continue C. drop D. deal with 27. A. without B. beyond C. under D. by 28. A. physical B. moral C. academic D. heroic 29. A. collective B. commercial C. fancy D. various 30. A. piece B. symbol C. tradition D. creation 31. A. as well B. instead C. at least D. ever since 32. A. intelligence B. preference C. comprehension D. liberty 33. A. demanded B. delivered C. engaged D. pursued 34. A. reasonably B. normally C. directly D. frequently 35. A. clarify B. recognize C. uncover D. envision 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者求学时受到了一位笔友的支持，她成为了作者永远的朋友。 【21 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和我的笔友的关系是我曾经拥有的最宝贵的友谊之一，即使我从来没有见过 她本人，甚至听过她的声音。 A. place 地方；B. total 总数；C. person 人； D. truth 事实。根据“never”及 下文“or even heard her voice（甚至听过她的声音）”可知，此处应是指没见过笔友本人，in person“亲自”。 故选 C 项。 【22 题详解】 考查形容词和动词词义辨析。句意：这一切始于 2013 年。我在去南加州大学的路上，去见 Kerstin zum，一 个德国广播名人，他想采访我这个在 Long Beach City College 奋斗的学生。A. struggling 奋斗的；B. fresh 新鲜的；C. lead 领导；D. top 顶尖的。根据下文“inquiring how she could find me and help me financially with college（她问怎么能找到我，资助我上大学）可知，此处应是指奋斗，努力的意思。故选 A 项。 【23 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：采访结束后，一位名叫 Renate 的女士找到了克斯汀，询问她如何能找到我，并 在上大学时给我提供经济上的帮助。A. turned 转动；B. laid 放；C. carried 携带； D. reached 到达。根据下 文“inquiring how she could find me and help me financially with college（问怎么能找到我，资助我上大学）可 知，此处应是指 Renate 找到克斯汀然后询问怎么能找到（联系）我，资助我上大学。reach out 意为“联系， 找到”。故选 D 项。 【24 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我觉得住在德国的 Renate 想帮助我接受教育是件好事。A. locates 坐落于；B. travels 旅游；C. resides 居住；D. gives 给。根据上文“a German radio personality”可知 Kerstin Zilm 是德国的，由 此也可以猜测 Renate 应是居住在德国的人，才能联系到 Kerstin Zilm。故选 C 项。 【25 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，Renate 和我每个月发两次邮件。 A. day 天；B. week 周；C. month 月；D. year 年。根据倒数第二段“After a couple of years of pen pal friendship, we were emailing at least once a week （做了几年的笔友之后，我们每周至少发一次邮件）”可知，此时作者和 Renate 的联系并不是很频繁。结 合下文“She wanted to know a lot more about my life growing up in Watts, my attempts to 6 my education, and whether there were ways 7 finances that she could help.（她想更多地了解我在瓦茨成 长的生活，我继续深造的努力，以及除了经济之外，她是否还有其他办法可以帮我）可知，Renate 还是比 较关心作者的情况。由此可猜测应是一个月两次。故选 C 项。 【26 题详解】 考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：她想更多地了解我在瓦茨成长的生活，我继续深造的努力，以及除了经 济之外，她是否还有其他办法可以帮我。A. further 增进；B. continue 继续；C. drop 下降；D. deal with 处理。根据上文“attempts（努力）以及下文“my education”可知，此处应是指作者继续深造（学习）。故 选 A 项。 【27 题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：她想更多地了解我在瓦茨成长的生活，我继续深造的努力，以及除了经济之外， 她是否还有其他办法可以帮我。A. without 没有；B. beyond 超出；C. under 在……之下； D. by 通过。根据 下文“that she could help”，结合上文讲到她给了作者经济帮助可知，可知此处应是指她想知道除了经济她 是否还能在其他方面帮助作者。故选 B 项。 【28 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于她的最后一个问题，我没有一个明确的答案，但她的精神支持是重要的。 A. physical 身体上的；B. moral 道德的，精神的；C. academic 学术的；D. heroic 英雄的。根据下文“Just having someone rooting for me and my education gave me a boost.（仅仅是有人支持我和我所受的教育就给了我很大 的帮助）”和她给作者寄来书和文章等可知，此处应是指她给作者精神上的支持。故选 B 项。 【29 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她不断地以各种形式提供支持。A. collective 集体的；B. commercial 商业的； C. fancy 想象的；D. various 各种各样的。根据下文“She would email me articles, send books, and began a 10 of having a birthday cake delivered to me every December on my birthday.(她会通过电子邮件给我发文 章，送书，并开始了每年 12 月我生日的时候给我送生日蛋糕的传统)可知，此处应是指她以各种不同的形 式提供支持。故选 D 项。 【30 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她会通过电子邮件给我发文章，送书，并开始了每年 12 月我生日的时候给我送 生日蛋糕的传统。A. piece 块；B. symbol 符号；C. tradition 传统；D. creation 创造。根据下文“every December on my birthday”可知，她每年 12 月给作者送生日蛋糕已经成为一个传统。故选 C 项。 【31 题详解】 考查介词和副词短语辨析。句意：当我心情不好的时候，我也会迫不及待地告诉她，因为我知道她会让我 感觉好一些。A. as well 也；B. instead 取代；C. at least 至少；D. ever since 自从。根据上文“When I had a good day, I couldn’t wait to tell Renate.（当我开心的时候，我就会迫不及待地告诉瑞内特）”以及“And” 可知，此处应是指当作者心情不好的时候，也会迫不及待地告诉她。故选 A 项。 【32 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你真的有一颗斗士的心，”她在电子邮件中说，“但幸运的是，你也有精神、 智慧和同情心。”A. intelligence 智慧； B. preference 偏好；C. comprehension 理解；D. liberty 自由。 根据上文“soul”及下文“and compassion”可知，设空处与上下文是并列关系。应是指精神、智慧和同情 心。故选 A 项。 【33 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当我需要鼓励的时候，她总是给我。A. demanded 要求； B. delivered 传 递；C. engaged 订婚；D. pursued 追求。根据上文“Whenever I needed encouragement（每当我需要鼓励 的时候）可知，此处应是指给予鼓励。故选 B 项。 【34 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我甚至下载了 WhatsApp，以便能更频繁地和她交谈。A. reasonably 合理地； B. normally 正常地；C. directly 直接地；D. frequently 频繁地。根据上文“After a couple of years of pen pal friendship, we were emailing at least once a week.（做了几年的笔友之后，我们每周至少发一次邮件）可知， 此处应是指作者为了能更频繁地和她交谈。故选 D 项。 【35 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和 Renate 的友谊对我来说变得如此重要，我再也无法想象没有她的生活。A. clarify 分类；B. recognize 认出；C. uncover 发现；D. envision 想象。根据下文“She has become a friend forever（她已经成为我永远的朋友）”可知，她对作者很重要，作者无法想象没有她的生活。故选 D 项。 第二节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Guardian view on academic publishing: disastrous capitalism Scientific publishing has long been a licence _________36_________(print) money. Scientists need journals in _________37_________ to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform _________38_________ skilled and specialized work of peer review also for free, _________39_________ it is a central element in the _________40_________(acquire) of status and the production of scientific knowledge. With the content of papers _________41_________(secure) for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. _________42_________ this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Since academic careers depend on publication, the demand for scientific publications is unbounded except by the price that scholarly libraries can _________43_________(force) to pay. Scientific publishers _________44_________(routine) report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an __________45__________(exist) crisis. 【答案】36. to print 37. which 38. the 39. because 40. acquisition 41. secured 42. Until 43. be forced 44. routinely 45. existential 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了学术出版的相关情况。 【36 题详解】 考查不定式。句意：科学出版一直是印钞的许可证。分析可知，此处应用不定式作名词 licence 的后置定语， a licence to print“印钞的许可证”故答案为 to print。 【37 题详解】 考查定语从句引导词。句意：科学家需要期刊来发表他们的研究，所以他们会无偿提供文章。此处考查定 语从句，先行词为 journals，此处为方式状语，应用 in which 来引导，故填 which。 【38 题详解】 考查冠词。句意：其他科学家也免费从事有技术和专门的同行评审工作，因为这是获得地位和生产科学知 识的核心因素。此处表示特指含义，需要用定冠词 the，表示有技术和专门的同行评审工作，故填 the。 【39 题详解】 考查连接词。句意：其他科学家也免费从事有技术和专门的同行评审工作，因为这是获得地位和生产科学 知识的核心因素。根据语境，可知“it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge（这是获得地位和生产科学知识的核心因素）”是前一句“Other scientists perform the skilled and specialized work of peer review also for free（其他科学家也免费从事有技术和专门的同行评审工 作）”的原因，此处要用 because 连接，表示原因，故填 because。 【40 题详解】 考查名词。句意：其他科学家也免费从事有技术和专门的同行评审工作，因为这是获得地位和生产科学知 识的核心因素。根据 the 以及 of 可知填空处的词性为名词，而动词 acquire 的名词为 acquisition，表示获得 地位和生产科学知识的核心因素，且 acquisition 是不可数名词，故答案为 acquisition。 【41 题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：由于论文的内容是免费的，出版商只需为自己的期刊找到一个市场。在 with 伴随状 语中，“the content of papers”与动词“secure”之间是被动关系，即论文的内容被免费获得，因此这里要用 动词 secure 的过去分词 secured，故填 secured。 【42 题详解】 考查引导词。句意：直到本世纪，大学图书馆对价格都不是很敏感。根据语境，可知此处需要用 until 来引 导时间状语从句，表示直到……，符合题意，且位于句首的单词首字母要大写，故填 Until。 【43 题详解】 考查被动。句意：由于学术生涯依赖于出版，对科学出版物的需求是无限的，除非学术图书馆被迫支付价 格。本句的主语 scholarly libraries 与动词 force 之间是被动关系，要用 be done 结构，can 后面要接动词原形 be，故填 be forced。 【44 题详解】 考查副词。句意：科学出版业的利润率通常接近 40%，而与此同时，出版业的其他行业却处于生死存亡的 境地。填空处的词性为副词，修饰动词 report，routine 的副词为 routinely，故填 routinely。 【45 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：科学出版业的利润率通常接近 40%，而与此同时，出版业的其他行业却处于生死存亡 的境地。根据 an 以及 crisis 可知，填空处的词性为形容词，用来修饰名词 crisis，动词 exist 的形容词为 existential，表示“存在的”，故填 existential。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节 (满分 15 分) 46. 最近，某科技公司推出一款新型 5G 手机（Smart Mobile Phone 9），请你为该款手机写一篇英语广告， 内容包括： 1.手机的功能； 2.手机的特点； 3.适用人群。 注意： 1.写作词数应为 80 左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Smart life from Smart Mobile Phone 9 【 答 案 】 Smart life from Smart Mobile Phone 9 Smart Mobile Phone 9 will make your life smarter in an all-round way! Besides the general functions as a handset, it also serves as a laptop, with which you can surf the Internet wherever you are by using the 5G. It is so intelligent that it is ideal for office workers who are always on the go. Due to its small size and being light in weight, it is very convenient to carry. What’s more, it is a high-quality product sold at a reasonable price. 【解析】 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生为一款新型 5G 手机写一篇英语广告，介绍手机的功能、特点 和适用人群。 【详解】1.词汇积累 手机：mobile phone→handset 担任：work as→serve as 完美的：perfect→ideal 除了：in addition to= besides 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Due to its small size and being light in weight, it is very convenient to carry. 拓展句：It is very convenient to carry because it has small size and is light in weight. 【点睛】[高分句型 1] Besides the general functions as a handset, it also serves as a laptop, with which you can surf the Internet wherever you are by using the 5G. (运用了“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句) [高分句型 2] It is so intelligent that it is ideal for office workers who are always on the go. (运用了结果状语从句) 第二节 (满分 25 分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Collin was lying on his back, tossing a baseball toward the ceiling when his bedroom door opened. His sister, Carina, barged in and perched on the edge of his bed. Collin could tell she’d been crying. “What’s wrong?” Collin asked. “Homesick again?” Carina nodded. “Yeah, me too.” Collin sighed. Their family had move to the Moon Colony 4 nearly four months ago. It still didn’t feel like home. The dwellings were cozy, but outside everything was gray, rocky and lifeless. “I miss my friends,” Carina said gloomily. “And green grass and swimming, and everything. I even miss the sound of rain on the roof.” The colony was housed inside a huge transparent dome. There was no weather there at all—no rain or snow or even wind. “Worst of all,” Carina continued, “my birthday is in two days, and I don’t think Mom and Dad are planning anything special. They’re too busy.” “She’s probably right.” thought Collin. Life on the Moon was hectic for scientists like their parents. He doubted they had time to plan a party. And how could they anyway? Things such as balloons and birthday candles didn’t exist on the colony. We don’t even have the rations to make a cake. “Don’t worry.” Collin put an arm around Carina’s shoulder. Collin wandered toward the agricultural center, where his mom worked. Some days, he helped her take measurements or harvest crops. Today he found her taking notes in a patch of tall tube-like plants. “What are those?” he asked. “Bamboo plants,” said Mom. “They are strong and grow fast. They make good building material.” He spotted a one-foot section of bamboo that had broken from a larger stalk. “May I have that piece?” “Sure.” Mom handed it to him and made a note on her chart. The next day, as his teacher supervised, Collin drilled tiny holes into the piece of bamboo and inserted small nails into each hole. He poured a handful of Moon pebbles inside the tube and taped heavy-duty fabric scraps over the open ends. 注意： 1.续写词数应为 150 左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Collin held the bamboo piece carefully as he hurried home. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________ “What is it?” Carina asked, looking at it curiously. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________ 【答案】Para 1: Collin held the bamboo piece carefully as he hurried home. He hid it behind his back and slid open the front door. To his surprise, Mom was carrying something that looked like a cake. He looked closer and realized Mom had topped a flat brown oatcake with dried apples and cinnamon sugar. A real treat, on the Moon. After the family had sung to Carina and Dad had cut the cake, Collin said, “And now I have a present for you.” He handed his sister the bamboo rod, “Happy birthday!” Para 2: “What is it?” Carina asked, looking at it curiously. “A rain stick,” said Collin. “Whenever you turn it over, the Moon pebbles fall around the nails and it sounds like rain.” Carina turned the stick, and the room was filled with a sound like rain drumming on a roof. “It’s Moon rain!” she said. “It makes me feel like I’m home.” She smiled at Collin and turned the rain stick over again. 【解析】 【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了大约四个月前，Collin 一家搬到了月球殖民地 4 号，外面的一切都 是灰色的，布满岩石，毫无生气。Collin 感到想家，他的姐姐 Carina 也想念朋友们，甚至开始想念雨点打 在屋顶上的声音，而他们的父母都太忙了。后来 Collin 用竹子做了一根“雨棍”当作 Carina 的生日礼物， 这让 Carina 有了回家的感觉。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“Collin 小心地拿着竹片，急忙回家。”可知，第一段可描写 Collin 回家后，一家人给 Carina 过生日的场景。 ②由第二段首句内容“‘这是什么？’Carina好奇地看着它问道。”可知，第二段可描写Collin给Carina“雨 棍”作为生日礼物，以及 Carina 对此的反应。 2.续写线索：Collin 拿着竹片回家——家人给 Carina 过生日——Collin 送礼物——Carina 使用雨棍——Carina 有了回家的感觉 3.词汇激活 行为类 递给某人某物：hand sb. sth./ pass sth. to sb. 回家：hurry home/ return home 充满：be filled with/ be full of 情绪类 令某人惊讶的是：to one's surprise/ to one's astonishment 小心：carefully / with care 【点睛】[高分句型 1] To his surprise, Mom was carrying something that looked like a cake. (运用了 that 引导定 语从句) [高分句型 2] Whenever you turn it over, the Moon pebbles fall around the nails and it sounds like rain. (运用了让 步状语从句)