北京市2021届高考英语全真模拟卷分类汇编：阅读理解专题 解析版

北京市 2021 年高考英语全真模拟卷分类汇编 阅读理解专题 备战 2021 年高考英语全真模拟卷 （北京专用） 4 月卷 1 第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Immersive Van Gogh From the creators of the blockbuster show in Paris seen by over two million visitors and still wowing crowds in Toronto, the west coast premiere (首场) of the Immersive Van Gogh Exhibit will bring the art of Vincent to life in Los Angeles. Immersive art is not just a technical way to represent video and audio in huge spaces. The word immersive indicates a deep commitment of intentions which connect images and sounds in a way that the audience is able to experience a different way of the art. True to its name, this exhibition transforms the iconic (偶像的) paintings of Vincent van Gogh into moving, wall-filling projections. “Immersive Van Gogh” promises half-a-million cubic feet of projections that pull from some of the post-impressionist’s most recognizable pieces, including The Bedroom, Sunflowers and, yes, The Starry Night. You will experience art like never before—lose yourself in entrancing, moving images that highlight brushstrokes, detail, and color—truly illuminating (照亮) the mind of the genius. LOCATION The Immersive Van Gogh Exhibit is located at a secret place situated in the heart of Los Angeles. To be announced before the exhibit opens, existing ticket holders will receive an email with the place name and location once it is made public. TICKET PRICES VIP TICKETS—$99.99 ●Priority access ●Van Gogh cushion (a gift for you) ●Limited edition poster PREMIUM TICKETS—$59.99 ●Van Gogh cushion (rental) ●Limited edition poster BASIC TICKETS—$54.99 ●Admission only CHILD TICKETS—$29.99 ●Ages 6—16 (children 5 and under do not require a ticket) ●Admission only ●Child tickets are not subject to change of date fees Tickets are available online at www.vangoghla.com. GIFT SHOP Stop by our Exhibit Gift Shop to take the magic of Van Gogh home with you! From clothing and jewelry to home décor, children’s books, and so much more, you will find unique and thoughtful souvenirs at the Immersive Van Gogh Exhibit. Also be sure to check out at our online store! Experience the organic landscapes of Van Gogh’s imagination, and journey through his brilliance and madness in a completely new and unforgettable way. 21．According to the passage, the Immersive Van Gogh Exhibit ________. A．presents Van Gogh’s art in a modern way B．begins a journey to Van Gogh’s hometown C．displays Van Gogh’s paintings on moving walls D．designs projects on Van Gogh’s learning experience 22．From where can people find information about the exact location of the exhibit? A．An email. B．A website. C．The ticket office. D．The gift shop. 23．How much should a couple with a 5-year-old child who would like to own a Van Gogh cushion at least pay for the visit? A．$109.98. B．$154.98. C．$159.98. D．$199.98. 【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了这场沉浸式梵高作品展在西海岸的首映式将在洛杉矶让梵高的 艺术重现人间。 21．【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Immersive art is not just a technical way to represent video and audio in huge spaces. The word immersive indicates a deep commitment of intentions which connect images and sounds in a way that the audience is able to experience a different way of the art.(沉浸式艺术 不仅仅是在巨大空间中表现视频和音频的技术方法。沉浸式这个词表明了一种深刻的意图，通过将 图像和声音连接起来，让观众能够体验到一种不同的艺术方式)”以及第三段“True to its name, this exhibition transforms the iconic paintings of Vincent van Gogh into moving, wall-filling projections. “Immersive Van Gogh” promises half-a-million cubic feet of projections that pull from some of the post-impressionist’s most recognizable pieces, including The Bedroom, Sunflowers and, yes, The Starry Night.(正如它的名字一样，这次展览将文森特·梵高的标志性画作变成了移动的、充满墙壁的投影。 Immersive Van Gogh 承诺将使用 50 万立方英尺的投影，呈现出印象派最著名的作品，包括《卧室》、 《向日葵》，没错，还有《星夜》)”可知，沉浸式艺术是一种将图像和声音连接起来的新型艺术形式。 本次梵高绘画展演就是要通过沉浸式艺术展现。由此推知，本次展演将通过一种新的方式呈现。故 选 A。 22．【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“To be announced before the exhibit opens, existing ticket holders will receive an email with the place name and location once it is made public.(在展览开始前宣布，一旦公 开，现有的门票持有者将收到一封附有地点和地点的电子邮件)”可知，想要得到本次展演的确切地 点，只能通过电子邮件。故选 A。 23．【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据题干“a couple with a 5-year-old child who would like to own a Van Gogh cushion (一对夫妇和一个 5 岁的孩子，并且想拥有一个梵高坐垫)”可知，一共有两个成人，一个五岁 的小孩，并且想要梵高坐垫。再结合“Ages 6—16 (children 5 and under do not require a ticket)”可知， 五岁以下的小孩不需要门票。再根据题干中“own a Van Gogh cushion”可知，想要得到一份 Van Gogh cushion 必须其中一人购买 VIP TICKETS，即需要$99.99。另一个人只需要购买 BASIC TICKETS(基 本门票)，即需要$54.99。所以 a couple with a 5-year-old child who would like to own a Van Gogh cushion (一对夫妇和一个 5 岁的孩子，并且想拥有一个梵高坐垫)至少需要$154.98。故选 B。 B Albert Einstein’s 1915 masterpiece “The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity” is the first and still the best introduction to the subject, and I recommend it as such to students. But it probably wouldn’t be publishable in a scientific journal today. Why not? After all, it would pass with flying colours the tests of correctness and significance. And while popular belief holds that the paper was incomprehensible to its first readers, in fact many papers in theoretical physics are much more difficult. As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity. I do believe there might have been a time when only one man did, because he was the only guy who caught on, before he wrote his paper. But after people read the paper a lot understood the theory of relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 12.” No, the problem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philosophical discussion of space and time and then continues with an exposition of known mathematics. Those two sections, which would be considered extraneous today, take up half the paper. Worse, there are zero citations of previous scientists’ work, nor are there any graphics. Those features might make a paper not even get past the first editors. A similar process of professionalization has transformed other parts of the scientific landscape. Requests for research time at major observatories or national laboratories are more rigidly structured. And anything involving work with human subjects, or putting instruments in space, involves piles of paperwork. We see it also in the Regeneron Science Talent Search, the Nobel Prize of high school science competitions. In the early decades of its 78-year history, the winning projects were usually the sort of clever but naive, amateurish efforts one might expect of talented beginners working on their own. Today, polished work coming out of internships(实习) at established laboratories is the norm. These professionalizing tendencies are a natural consequence of the explosive growth of modern science. Standardization and system make it easier to manage the rapid flow of papers, applications and people. But there are serious downsides. A lot of unproductive effort goes into jumping through bureaucratic hoops(繁文缛节), and outsiders face entry barriers at every turn. Of course, Einstein would have found his way to meeting modern standards and publishing his results. Its scientific core wouldn’t have changed, but the paper might not be the same taste to read. 24．According to Richard Feynman, Einstein’s 1915 paper ________. A．was a classic in theoretical physics B．turned out to be comprehensible C．needed further improvement D．attracted few professionals 25．What does the underlined word “extraneous” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Unrealistic. B．Irrelevant. C．Unattractive. D．Imprecise. 26．According to the author, what is affected as modern science develops? A．The application of research findings. B．The principle of scientific research. C．The selection of young talents. D．The evaluation of laboratories. 27．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．What makes Einstein great? B．Will science be professionalized? C．Could Einstein get published today? D．How will modern science make advances? 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过引用物理学家的话以及现代科学爆炸式发展带来的专业化趋 势来介绍爱因斯坦 1915 年的名著《广义相对论的基础》，这篇论文读起来不一样的地方以及它可能 不会在今天的科学期刊上发表的原因。 24．【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity. I do believe there might have been a time when only one man did, because he was the only guy who caught on, before he wrote his paper. But after people read the paper a lot understood the theory of relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 12.（正如物理学家理查德·费曼所写：“曾经有一段时间，报纸上说只有 12 个人理解相对论。我 相信或许确实有过只有一个人懂相对论的时候——因为在这篇论文之前，只有爱因斯坦理解这个问 题。但当人们读了这篇论文，有很多人，绝对超过 12 个，或多或少都对相对论有了一定理解）”可 知，爱因斯坦 1915 年的论文证明是可以理解的。故选 B。 25．【答案】B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段划线词后句“Worse, there are zero citations of previous scientists’ work, nor are there any graphics. Those features might make a paper not even get past the first editors.”可知，更 糟的是，文章没有对前人科学研究进行任何引用，也没有任何图。这些缺失对如今的科学论文来说 是致命的。这样的文章甚至都不会被编辑送审，这说明爱因斯坦的论文在如今看来是很糟糕的，因 此此处是说他在论文中花大量篇幅进行的哲学讨论和张量微积分的阐述在今天被认为是无关紧要 的，所以画线词词义为“无关紧要的”。故选 B。 26．【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第七段“A lot of unproductive effort goes into jumping through bureaucratic hoops(繁文缛节), and outsiders face entry barriers at every turn.（它从一个关于空间和时间的轻松的大 量无用功都耗费在了突破官僚形式的层层桎梏上，也抬高了新人的准入门槛。）”可推断，在作者看 来，现代科学的发展影响了年轻人才的选拔。故选 C。 27．【答案】C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“But it probably wouldn’t be publishable in a scientific journal today. （但它可能不会在今天的科学期刊上发表。）”可知，第一段是总起句，文章围绕着这个问题展开论 述，所以这篇文章最好的题目是——“Could Einstein get published today?( 爱因斯坦的《相对论》今 天能出版吗？)”故选 C。 C As part of our mission to inspire the next generation of scientists, inventors and engineers, the Science Museum Group (SMG) has launched an exciting new online game—Total Darkness. Over the last year we have been developing Total Darkness with the aim of creating an experience that can have a positive impact on people’s attitudes towards STEM (science, technology, engineering and maths), as well as having a focus on self-reflection, rather than asking players to recall specific facts or concepts. Total Darkness is a digital storytelling experience which encourages young people to recognise how the skills they use every day relate to STEM and can help them develop their confidence in science thinking. The game invites the player to solve a mysterious power cut in their hometown. The game puts players in control, allowing their choices and decisions to guide them through the story. As the player navigates through the darkened streets of the town, equipped only with a torch, they will face various challenges. Using their curiosity, communication skills and creative problem solving, they will discover new theories about what might have caused the blackout(停电；断电). But with every step their torch fades, and the player must solve the mystery before the battery runs out. The player’s choices and actions throughout the game will score them curiosity, creativity or communication points. At the end, the skills the player has used will be revealed along with their science style, showing how they could put their skills into action in the real world. Total Darkness is aimed at 8-15 year-olds—an important stage in teens’ science development. Research shows that as teens make the step between primary and secondary, many move away from an interest in science as other influences have a stronger pull in their lives. Total Darkness is a free online game playable on smartphone, tablet and desktop. Play now at totaldarkness.sciencemuseum.org.uk. 28．Total Darkness aims to help players ________ . A．recall scientific concepts B．better understand STEM C．improve storytelling abilities D．develop communication skills 29．What’s the key to getting points in Total Darkness? A．Judgement. B．Teamwork. C．Equipment. D．Gaming skills. 30．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To promote a new product. B．To introduce the SMG’s mission. C．To explain the rules of an online game. D．To emphasize the importance of STEM. 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍并推销《完全黑暗》的游戏，讲了开发它的目的和优势。 28．【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Over the last year we have been developing Total Darkness with the aim of creating an experience that can have a positive impact on people’s attitudes towards STEM (science, technology, engineering and maths), as well as having a focus on self-reflection, rather than asking players to recall specific facts or concepts.”（过去一年我们已经开发完全黑暗，目的是创建一个经验，它可以 让人们对 STEM(科学、技术、工程和数学)产生积极的态度，以及有一个专注于自我反省，而不是让 玩家回忆具体事实或概念。）可知，《完全黑暗》旨在帮助玩家更好地理解 STEM。故选 B 项。 29．【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The player’s choices and actions throughout the game will score them curiosity, creativity or communication points.”（玩家在游戏中的选择和行动将为他们的好奇心、 创造力或交流加分。）可知，在完全黑暗中获得分数的关键是个人的判断力。故选 A 项。 30．【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Total Darkness is a free online game playable on smartphone, tablet and desktop. Play now at totaldarkness.sciencemuseum.org.uk.”（Total Darkness 是一款免费的在线游戏， 可在智能手机、平板电脑和台式机上玩。现在在 totaldarkness.sciencemuseum.org.uk 玩。）以及上文介 绍了这款游戏的优点可知，本文目的是推销一种新产品。故选 A 项。 D Move Over, Selfish Gene Evolution traditionally has a problem with nice people. If only the fittest individuals survive, then those who are nice to others at their own expense will surely be weeded out. Yet cooperation is widespread in nature, from plants alerting each other to danger to dolphins cooperating to round up fish. A decades-old idea called kin selection can explain some of this: if organisms (生物) have enough DNA in common, then they can further their own selfish genes by helping one another. Bees and ants have a system of reproduction which leaves colony members so closely related that they act almost as a single super-organism. And among any sexually reproducing species, parental care helps individuals pass on their genes. But kin selection cannot explain why humans are so nice to strangers. One idea is that we have evolved to be super-cooperative because, over time, more cooperative groups have outcompeted less cooperative ones. But there generally isn’t enough genetic variation between groups to allow natural selection to favor more cooperative ones. Some researchers think the solution lies in an idea called cultural group selection. Forget shared genes, they argue. Selection can favor cooperative groups if the people within them share enough culture. The idea is controversial because to work it requires that groups remain culturally distinct. As critics point out, people tend to migrate (迁移) between groups, which should homogenize (使同质化) ideas and customs. Those who back the concept counter that groups have ways to maintain their distinct culture, including a process called norm (准则) enforcement. Put simply, if someone migrates into a new cultural group, they are pressured into following the local rules because failing to do so leads to punishment. Earlier this year, Mathew and Handley at Arizona State University published a study testing the idea. They sampled 759 people from four ethnic groups in Kenya who compete intensively for land, water and livestock. The pair estimated that genetic differences between individuals from different groups was generally less than 15%. Cultural practices and beliefs varied much more, by 10% to 20%. People cooperated most with members of their own group, as cultural group selection predicts, and to a lesser extent with members of other groups whose norms most closely matched their own. That makes sense if culture rather than genetics is what matters. “I think this is one of the most explicit tests of cultural group selection theory so far,” says Mathew. Not everyone is persuaded. Krasnow at Harvard University sees no theoretical flaw with the idea, but says that some of his research undermines it. He has found that people don’t just enforce the rules within their group, but also punish people from other groups who fail to follow their own group’s norms. Mathew counters that it is reasonable to enforce the norms on outsiders as a step towards incorporating (使并入) them into your cultural group. “This is often how empires expand,” she says. 31．The example of bees and ants is used to ________. A．highlight the significant role of reproduction B．demonstrate the efficiency of a super-organism C．reveal why parents care about their selfish genes D．explain the cause of organisms helping one another 32．For the idea of cultural group selection to work, a pre-condition is that ________. A．cooperative groups have a larger chance of survival B．genetic variations in the same cultural group are small C．cultural differences are weakened with people migrating D．cultural distinctiveness can be preserved with certain methods 33．The text is developed mainly through ________. A．sorting information into different topics B．narrating events in time order C．presenting doubts and exploring answers D．discussing similarities and differences 34．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．culture plays a more significant role in choosing cooperators B．being selfish is of vital importance for an individual to survive C．Mathew’s study result contradicts what cultural group selection predicts D．people joining a new group will be punished for not keeping their own culture 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过提出疑问和探索答案来阐述文化在选择合作者时起着更 重要的作用的观点。 31．【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“A decades-old idea called kin selection can explain some of this: if organisms (生物) have enough DNA in common, then they can further their own selfish genes by helping one another.”（一个几十年前被称为“亲缘选择”的想法可以部分解释这一现象:如果生物体有足够多的 共同 DNA，那么它们可以通过帮助彼此来进一步发展自己自私的基因。）可推断，蜜蜂和蚂蚁的例 子被用来解释生物体互相帮助的原因。故选 D 项。 32．【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“The idea is controversial because to work it requires that groups remain culturally distinct.”（这个想法是有争议的，因为它要求各个群体保持文化差异。）可知，文化群体选 择的理念能够发挥作用的前提是文化的特殊性能够通过一定的方法得以保留。故选 D 项。 33．【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“But kin selection cannot explain why humans are so nice to strangers.” （但是亲缘选择不能解释为什么人类对陌生人如此友好。）第四段“Some researchers think the solution lies in an idea called cultural group selection.”（一些研究人员认为解决办法在于一种叫做文化群体选择 的想法。）以及最后一段“Not everyone is persuaded.”（并不是每个人都被说服了。）可推断，文章主 要通过提出疑问和探索答案来发展的。故选 C 项。 34．【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“That makes sense if culture rather than genetics is what matters. “I think this is one of the most explicit tests of cultural group selection theory so far,” says Mathew.”（如果重 要的是文化而不是基因，那就说得通了。“我认为这是迄今为止对文化群体选择理论最明确的测试之 一，”马修说。）可知，文化在选择合作者时起着更重要的作用。故选 A 项。 备战 2021 年高考英语全真模拟卷 （北京专用） 4 月卷 2 第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The spa town of Cheltenham sits on the edge of the Cotswolds, in the county of Gloucester. Below is a look at four fabulous attractions that make Cheltenham such a terrific place to visit. Cheltenham Festival The festival is an annual, four-day feast of racing and, on the last day, features the famous Cheltenham Gold Cup Steeplechase. It's a dramatic race of around 3 miles and 2.5 furlongs. and the horses have to clear 22 fences. Anything can happen. In 2020,this last day of the festival drew in a crowd of 68,859. Pittville Park If you visit Pitville Park, you'll find it divided into two main parts by the Evesham Road. The eastern side is home to the children's play area and is where people can view wildlife. Meanwhile, on the western side of the road, you'll find the larger area of the park and small areas of woodland. There's also a lower lake at which you can fish during fishing season. That's not the only activity, however. There's a skate park, tennis courts and a small children's play area. Holst Birthplace Museum Cheltenham was the birthplace of the 19"century English composer Gustav Holst, and visitors can visit the home in which he was born. You'll receive a taste of what Victorian life was like, as the home boasts a working Victorian kitchen, scullery, and nursery. The museum also allows you to discover the composer's life and times by allowing you into his music room. Here is where he composed The Planets. Sudeley Castle This private castle, which is surrounded by views of the Cotswolds, holds the claim to fame of being the only castle in England to have a queen buried in the grounds. The castle has witnessed all sorts of drama throughout its history and is one of the most interesting Tudor castles you'll ever visit. If you would like more information on Cheltenham Town, please visit the website: www.ctladiesyouth.co.uk. 21．Pitville Park is unique in its_______ A．game areas. B．horse racing. C．beautiful views. D．children's performances. 22．Which of the following will a music fan be interested in? A．Pitville Park. B．Sudeley Castle. C．Cheltenham Festival.D．Holst Birthplace Museum. 23．Where is this article probably from? A．A diary. B．A novel. C．A website. D．A magazine. 【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了温泉小镇切尔滕纳姆的四个绝佳景点。 21．【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据“Pittville Park”部分的“If you visit Pitville Park, you'll find it divided into two main parts by the Evesham Road. The eastern side is home to the children's play area and is where people can view wildlife. Meanwhile, on the western side of the road, you'll find the larger area of the park and small areas of woodland.（如果你参观皮特维尔公园，你会发现它被伊夫舍姆路分成两个主要部分。 东侧是儿童游乐区，人们可以在这里观赏野生动物。同时，在路的西侧，你会发现公园的大片区域 和小片的林地）”可知，皮特维尔公园的游戏区是独一无二的。故选 A 项。 22．【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据“Holst Birthplace Museum”部分的“Cheltenham was the birthplace of the 19"century English composer Gustav Holst, and visitors can visit the home in which he was born…The museum also allows you to discover the composer's life and times by allowing you into his music room. Here is where he composed The Planets.（切尔滕纳姆是 19 世纪英国作曲家古斯塔夫·霍尔斯特的出生 地，游客可以参观他的出生地……博物馆还可以让你走进他的音乐室，了解他的生平和时代。这就 是他创作 The Planets 的地方）”可知，在这个博物馆，游客可以了解作曲家古斯塔夫·霍尔斯特的相 关情况，所以可以推断，这个地方可能是音乐迷感兴趣的地方。故选 D 项。 23．【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“please visit the website: www.ctladiesyouth.co.uk.”（请访问以下 网站：www.ctladiesyouth.co.uk）可知，文章出自网站。故选 C 项。 B Our electronic devices today store an awful lot of personal information. We use the devices to read and send e-mails, check bank balances, and even pay our bills over the internet. We want to be assured that if our devices are stolen. our personal information stored inside them will remain safe from the thief who physically possesses the device. To deal with this problem. Apple has come out with a new iPhone that uses biometric(生物识别 的)information to lock itself up. The phone has a fingerprint scanner that will lock or unlock the phone. Your fingerprint becomes the key, and this makes it nearly impossible for others to use your phone without your immediate permission- or does it? At first look, one would think that this type of security would be welcome in the high-tech community where privacy is valued. Instead, some people are even more worried about their privacy. According to revealed documents, the US National Security Agency is able to slip into smartphones, while the agency can also legally force companies to turn over customers' personal information. If this is true, the fingerprint scanner on your smartphone might become a tool for the authorities to collect your fingerprint data. Another problem with using biometrics to secure devices is that people don't know how secure the systems actually are. Germany's Chaos Computer Club claimed to have slipped into a biometrically secured iPhone within days of the device's release to the public. If this is the case, people who are using this type of security are much more vulnerable than they are led to believe. Although most security systems are hacked by someone eventually, the speed at which biometric security was hacked was very upset to some. Regardless of how a device is secured, the debate is still attributes to the trade-off between privacy and security. Governments sometimes need to look at large amounts of information in order to defeat terrorist secret plans, and necessarily, some of the data come from you and me. When we use iPhones and other devices, we lose the ability to safeguard information that we would rather keep private, and we are forced to put trust in others. It will always be difficult to strike a balance between privacy and security with growing changing technology. Nevertheless, one thing is crystal clear: we all have to sacrifice some of our privacy in order to have security for the public. 24．Why do people want to be assured that their electronic devices won’t be stolen? A．Because people depend too much on it . B．Because electronic devices are necessary in the workplace . C．Because electronic devices are getting more and more expensive. D．Because there is too much personal information in their electronic devices. 25．The example of the US National Security Agency aims to tell us _____ A．The biometric devices are fully safe. B．Companies keep users’ personal information safe. C．The biometric devices will be the popular way to ensure our privacy. D．The authorities may drive companies to turn in users’ fingerprint data. 26．The underline word in Paragraph 4 means_____ A．stable. B．insecure. C．reliable. D．difficult. 27．From the last paragraph we can learn that____ A．the government will eventually know everything about us. B．It is impossible to know who can be trusted in this technological world. C．It is necessary to give up a certain amount of privacy for the sake of security. D．Very few people are willing to use fingerprint security on their new phones. 【分析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了苹果公司研制出的用生物信息识别锁，从而保护人的隐私，以及 由此引发的关于隐私保护的讨论。 24．【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中第一段最后一句“We want to be assured that if our devices are stolen. our personal information stored inside them will remain safe from the thief who physically possesses the device.”（我们希望得到保证，如果我们的设备被盗，我们存储在其中的个人信息将不会被窃贼窃取） 可知，人们想要确保他们的电子设备不会被偷，因为他们的电子设备里有太多的个人信息。故选 D 项。 25．【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文中第三段“According to revealed documents, the US National Security Agency is able to slip into smartphones, while the agency can also legally force companies to turn over customers' personal information. If this is true, the fingerprint scanner on your smartphone might become a tool for the authorities to collect your fingerprint data”（ 根据披露的文件，美国国家安全局可以潜入智 能手机，同时该机构也可以合法地强制企业交出客户的个人信息。如果这是真的，你智能手机上的 指纹扫描仪可能会成为当局收集你指纹数据的工具）可知，美国国家安全局的例子旨在告诉我们生 物识别设备是完全安全的。故选 A 项。 26．【答案】B 【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Germany's Chaos Computer Club claimed to have slipped into a biometrically secured iPhone within days of the device's release to the public.”（德国 Chaos 电脑俱乐部声 称，在 iPhone 向公众发布后的几天内，他们潜入了装有生物识别安全装置的 iPhone）可知，使用这 种类型安全系统的人比他们认为的更容易受到攻击。所以可知，这种安全系统比人们想象的更不安 全。由此可知画线词词义为“不安全的”，故选 B 项。 27．【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文中最后一段“It will always be difficult to strike a balance between privacy and security with growing changing technology. Nevertheless, one thing is crystal clear: we all have to sacrifice some of our privacy in order to have security for the public.”（随着技术的不断发展，在隐私和 安全之间取得平衡总是很困难的。然而，有一件事是非常清楚的：我们都必须牺牲一些隐私，以确 保公众的安全。）可知，为了安全起见，我们有必要放弃一定的隐私。故选 C 项。 C What animal pulls at your heartstrings—a panda or a toad (蟾蜍)? Zoologist Lucy Cooke draws attention to some of the world’s least attractive animals. She hopes to show the world why some of the most unlovable animals are actually the most interesting and deserving of our attention and protection. Cooke’s blogs and online videos bring her unusual storytelling style to a serious message: If we only care for the best loved animals, other important parts of the web of life could be ignored. There are so many television shows about lovely animals like koala bears and kittens, she observes. All the attention seems focused on “celebrity” animals. “Those unusual creatures attract me because they tell an amazing evolutionary (进化) story,” Cooke said. “I’m interested in all of nature, not just the shiny bits.” Amphibians—animals like frogs that live both on land and in water—top Cooke’s list. Over a third of amphibians are going extinct; it’s the worst extinction crisis since the dinosaurs were wiped off the planet. “Amphibians occupy a crucial spot in the middle of the food chain. If you remove them, everything else will be lost as well,” she noted. “That motivated me to start my blog, The Amphibian Avenger. When amphibians go extinct, birds and snakes that eat them also disappear. And since they breathe through their skin, they are easily attacked by pollution and climate change. That makes them fantastic instruments for measuring the health of ecosystems.” One of Cooke’s most popular online videos is about sloths—extremely slow-moving animals that live in trees. They’ve always had a reputation for being lazy and stupid. In fact, “slothfulness” is the key to the animal’s success, allowing the sloth’s liver (肝脏) to process poisonous substances found in the leaves it eats. Moving slowly also keeps it hidden from enemies. “My video showed the world how interesting they are,” Cooke said. The bats, dung beetles and more get their moment in the sun thanks to Cooke. “I just want people to share my sense of amazement and love for these creatures.” Cooke stated. “Once you understand why they’re ugly or odd, you’ll appreciate them and want to save them as much as I do.” 28．Cooke started The Amphibian Avenger in order to ________. A．make the animal popular with people B．show her unique appreciation of beauty C．introduce the research on a new species D．explain the importance of this kind of animal 29．Cooke’s video about sloths is an example of ________ A．why some animals deserve their reputation B．why she thinks it necessary to save animals C．how people focus on some specific animals D．how she is trying to change people’s minds 30．What is the best title of the passage? A．Animal Defender B．Intelligent Animals C．Cooke’s Storytelling Blogs D．The Secret of Extinct Creatures 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了动物学家露西·库克为保护动物所做出的的努力。她希望向世 界展示为什么一些最不可爱的动物实际上是最有趣的，值得我们关注和保护。 28．【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第三句和第四句“Amphibians occupy a crucial spot in the middle of the food chain. If you remove them, everything else will be lost as well”（两栖动物在食物链中占据着一个至 关重要的位置。如果你把它们移走，其他的一切也都会消失）可知，库克开始写《两栖动物复仇者》 是为了解释这种动物的重要性。故选 D。 29．【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句“They’ve always had a reputation for being lazy and stupid. （他们总是以懒惰和愚蠢而闻名。）”和最后一句“My video showed the world how interesting they are” （我的视频向世界展示了他们是多么有趣）可知，这个视频是为了改变人们对树懒的看法，所以库 克关于树懒的视频是她如何试图改变人们想法的一个例子。故选 D。 30．【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段最后两句“Zoologist Lucy Cooke draws attention to some of the world’s least attractive animals. She hopes to show the world why some of the most unlovable animals are actually the most interesting and deserving of our attention and protection.”（动物学家露西·库克提醒人们注意一 些世界上最不吸引人的动物。她希望向世界展示为什么一些最不可爱的动物实际上是最有趣的，值 得我们关注和保护。）以及下文露西·库克的行为可知，文章主要介绍了动物学家露西·库克为保护动 物所做出的的努力。所以选项 A（动物的保护者）是最好的标题。故选 A。 D Mammals (哺乳动物) tend to get huge when they invade the ocean. Why? Most of the explanations for this trend treat the ocean as a kind of release. The water partly frees mammals from gravity, allowing them to evolve heavy bodies. But to William Gearty from Stanford University, the ocean makes mammals so big not because it relieves them of limits, but because it sets new ones. "To deal with the constant loss of heat as you get into the water, the easiest way is to get bigger." he explains, "As bodies balloon, volume increases faster than surface area does, so you produce more heat in your body but lose comparatively less of it from your skin." But there is a limit because larger bodies also demand more fuel, and there's only so much food that an animal can reasonably get. Therefore, the need to stay warm sets a floor for the body size, while the need to eat sets a ceiling. And the gap between them, Gearty found, is surprisingly narrow. "The minimum size of oceanic mammals is thousands of times larger than the minimum for mammals on land, but the maximum size is only 25 times larger," says Gearty. These trends suggest that the water places strict size limits. Oceanic mammals must be just the right size-big, yes, but not too big and not too small. And as always in biology, there are exceptions. Whales go way beyond the size limit. Nick Pyenson from the Smithsonian Institution thinks he knows why. Around 3 million years ago, a combination of changes to glaciers (冰川), winds, and currents created a large increase of nutrients in coastal waters, which then fed lots of shrimps and small fish-potential prey (猎物) for whales. But these bonanzas weren't evenly distributed. Instead, they were concentrated in particular places far apart from each other-all-you-can-eat buffets separated by food deserts. And that Pyenson says, is why the giant whales evolved. They are adapted to hunt down concentrated prey. Their huge size allows them to survive for a long distance without encountering any food. And they evolved a special technique of feeding. The existence of concentrated prey, and the evolution of a technique for capturing them, allowed whales to break the size ceiling. That's why they transformed from big animals into the biggest animals that ever existed. 31．William Gearty's explanation differ from traditional ones because he believes _________. A．bigness helps mammals to survive in the water B．the ocean puts size limits on oceanic mammals C．oceanic mammals are larger than mammals on land D．gravity prevents mammals from evolving heavy bodies 32．We can learn from the passage that _________. A．the sea mammals have to get as big as they can to hunt for food B．the need to stay warm decides the size ceiling of oceanic mammals C．the maximum size of an oceanic mammal depends on its food supply D．the smallest mammals in the ocean are 25 times as big as those on land 33．The underlined word "bonanzas" in the last paragraph probably refers to _________. A．buffets and deserts B．shrimps and small fish C．glaciers and currents D．nutrients and waters 34．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To emphasize the importance of big size for the whale. B．To introduce how whales evolve to survive in the ocean. C．To explain what influences the sizes of oceanic mammals. D．To appeal for more scientific studies on oceanic mammals. 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了温度、食物等影响海洋哺乳动物体型大小的因素。 31．【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But to William Gearty from Stanford University, the ocean makes mammals so big not because it relieves them of limits, but because it sets new ones.(但对于斯坦福大学的 William Gearty 来说，海洋让哺乳动物变得如此庞大，不是因为它解除了它们的限制，而是因为它设 定了新的限制)”可知，Gearty 认为海洋限制了海洋哺乳动物的体型。故选 B。 32．【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Therefore, the need to stay warm sets a floor for the body size, while the need to eat sets a ceiling.(因此，保暖的需要为身体大小设定了一个下限，而食物则为身体大 小设定了一个上限)”可知，海洋动物体型最大能有多少，取决于食物供给。故选 C。 33．【答案】B 【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第五段最后一句“Around 3 million years ago, a combination of changes to glaciers (冰川), winds, and currents created a large increase of nutrients in coastal waters, which then fed lots of shrimps and small fish-potential prey (猎物) for whales.(大约 300 万年前，冰川、风和洋流的综合 变化使沿海水域的营养物质大量增加，从而喂养了大量的虾和小鱼——鲸鱼可能的猎物)”可知，鲸 鱼体型巨大的原因是很多条件共同作用下的食物充裕，提到了“large increase of nutrients(营养物质大 量增加)”，而本段在讲这些营养物质分布不均匀。所以 bonanzas 指代是上文中的“虾和小鱼”。故选 B。 34．【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了温度、食物等影响海洋哺乳动物体型大 小的因素。所以本文的目的是来解释是什么影响了海洋哺乳动物的体型。故选 C。 备战 2021 年高考英语全真模拟卷 （北京专用） 4 月卷 3 第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A What is a port city? The port city provides a rich understanding of the movement of people and goods around the world. We understand a port as a centre of island-sea exchange and a major force for cultural mixing. Ports and harbours Harbor is a physical concept, a shelter for ships; Port is an economic concept, a centre of land-sea exchange which demands goods for export and import. Some ports were developed from poor harbours which were improved with breakwaters(防水堤) and dredging(清淤). Madras and Colombo are examples of harbours expensively improved by enlarging, dredging and building breakwaters. ________________________ Port cities become industrial, financial and service centres and political capitals because of their water connections and the urban concentration which draws to it railways, highways and air routes. Water transport means cheap access, the chief basis of all port cities. Many of the world’s biggest cities, for example, London, New York, Shanghai, Tokyo and San Francisco began as ports-that is, with land-sea exchange as their major function. Although their port functions are no longer dominant now, they remain different kinds of places from non-port cities and their port functions account for that difference. International city and trade Port functions, more than anything else, can make a city more international. A port is open to the world. In it races, cultures, as well as goods from a variety of places, mix and enrich each other and the life of the city. But much domestic port trade has not been recorded. What evidence we have suggests that domestic trade was greater at all periods than foreign trade. Shanghai, for example, did most of its trade with other Chinese ports and inland cities, Calcutta traded mainly with other parts of India and so on. Position of port city centre Cities which began as ports keep the chief commercial and administrative centre of the city close to the waterfront. The centre of New York is in lower Manhattan between two river mouths, the city of London is on the Thames, Shanghai along the Bund. This is also true of Boston, Bombay, Madras, Bangkok and Singapore, where the commercial, financial, and administrative centres are still grouped around their harbours even though each city has expanded into a big one. Even a casual visitor cannot mistake them as anything but port cities. 21．Which port city is changed from a harbour by improving the facilities? A．Singapore. B．Bangkok. C．New York. D．Madras. 22．Which would be the best heading for Paragraph 2? A．Good ports, huge profit centres. B．Once a port city, always a port city. C．Water transport, basis of port cities. D．Port functions, a feature of big cities. 23．What can we learn about port cities? A．They have water connections. B．They don’t trade with inland cities. C．They are easily mistaken for harbours. D．They moved their chief centres away from waterfront. 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了 Ports 和 harbours 的概念，以及港口城市的特点和优势。 21．【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据 Ports and harbours 下的“Some ports were developed from poor harbours which were improved with breakwaters(防水堤) and dredging(清淤). Madras and Colombo are examples of harbours expensively improved by enlarging, dredging and building breakwaters.”（有些港口是由较差的 港湾发展而来，经防波堤和疏浚工程加以改善。马德拉斯(Madras)和科伦坡(Colombo)就是通过扩建、 疏浚和建造防波堤而花费巨资改善港口的例子。）可知，Madras 通过改善设施而从 harbour 变成了 Port。故选 D 项。 22．【答案】B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据下文“Although their port functions are no longer dominant now, they remain different kinds of places from non-port cities and their port functions account for that difference.”（虽然它 们的港口功能不再占主导地位，但它们仍然是不同于非港口城市的地方，它们的港口功能是造成这 种差异的原因。）及本段内容可知，本段主要介绍曾经是港口城市的将永远是港口城市。故选 B 项。 23．【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二个小标题下的“Port cities become industrial, financial and service centres and political capitals because of their water connections and the urban concentration which draws to it railways, highways and air routes.”（港口城市成为工业、金融和服务中心和政治首都，是因为它们的 水路连接和吸引铁路、公路和航空航线的城市集中。）可知，港口城市是用水连接的。故选 A 项。 B Lou Gehrig (1903-1941) was a baseball player with the New York Yankees for 17 seasons. He was a powerful hitter known as “The Iron Horse”. Gehrig was a strong, tough and very moral man. His father was often out-of-work because he was an alcoholic and his mother was a maid. His two sisters and only brother died young.As a young boy, Gehrig helped his mother with her work. However, he never let his tough start hold him back. He started playing for the Yankees in 1923 after attending Columbia University, setting many major league records during his career. This included the most consecutive games played (2130 games), a record only broken 56 years later in 1995. Sadly, at the age of 36, he started to tire mid-season and his speed and cooperation ability faded. He resigned. Soon after he was diagnosed with a form of motor neuron disease named amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). He delivered his farewell-to-baseball speech to his teammates and fans on 4 July of the same year at the Yankee Stadium. After his speech, the crowd stood and clapped for almost two minutes. The New York Times reported that it was “one of the most touching scenes ever witnessed on a ball field”. Gehrig died two years later of the disease. This increased awareness of the disease and its symptoms; in North America it is still commonly known as “Lou Gehrig’s disease”. The Lou Gehrig Memorial Award is given each year to the Major League Baseball player who best exhibits Gehrig’s integrity and character. 24．When did Lou Gehrig give his speech? A．in 1903. B．in 1923. C．in 1939. D．in 1940. 25．Who are the audience for Lou’s speech? A．His family. B．His friends. C．His opponents. D．His supporters. 26．Why is the illness known as “Lou Gehrig’s disease”? A．Lou Gehrig named the disease. B．This disease is related to playing baseball. C．People get to know the disease due to Lou Gehrig. D．The disease had never appeared before Lou Gehrig caught it. 27．What word can best describe Lou Gehrig according to the passage? A．Determined and persistent. B．Emotional and patient. C．Wealthy and humorous. D．Gentle and generous. 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了著名棒球运动员 Lou Gehrig，包括他的家庭背景、在棒球领 域的成就和以及对人们的影响等。 24．【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。由第二段第一句中“at the age of 36”和最后一句“He delivered his farewell-to-baseball speech to his teammates and fans on 4 July of the same year at the Yankee Stadium.” （ 同年 7 月 4 日，他在洋基球场向他的队友和球迷发表了告别棒球的演讲。）可知 Lou Gehrig 演讲 时是 36 岁，再由一段第一句中“Lou Gehrig (1903-1941)”可知，Lou Gehrig 出生于 1903 年，他 36 岁 时，应该是 1939 年。故选 C 项。 25．【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“He delivered his farewell-to-baseball speech to his teammates and fans on 4 July of the same year at the Yankee Stadium.”（ 同年 7 月 4 日，他在洋基球场向他的队友 和球迷发表了告别棒球的演讲。）可知，Lou Gehrig 演讲时的观众是他的队友和球迷，这些人都是他 的支持者。故选 D 项。 26．【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。由第三段第三、四句“Gehrig died two years later of the disease.This increased awareness of the disease and its symptoms; in North America it is still commonly known as ‘Lou Gehrig’s disease’”（ 两年后，Gehrig 死于这种疾病。这提高了人们对这种疾病及其症状的认识；在北美，（现 在）它仍然通常被称为“卢伽雷氏病”。）可知，Gehrig 之死，提高了人们对这种病的认识，所以人们 开始了解这种疾病是由于 Lou Gehrig。故选 C 项。 27．【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。由第一段第二、三句“He was a powerful hitter known as “The Iron Horse”. Gehrig was a strong, tough and very moral man.”（ 他是一位被称为“铁马”的强力击球手。格里克是一个强壮、 坚强、道德高尚的人。）以及“However, he never let his tough start hold him back.”（然而，他从未让艰 难的开始阻碍他）可以推断，他是个意志坚强，坚持不懈的人。A 项“坚定且坚持不懈”符合题意。 故选 A 项。 C The world is full of distractions. If you work in an office, it might be emails, phone calls or colleagues with questions to ask, which take your attention away from what you are doing or thinking about. If you are at home, it might be the contents of the fridge or a sudden fixation on dust mites (尘螨) under the sofa. Sometimes it takes even less. If you are sitting and doing work and someone near you says something particularly interesting, that can pull your focus. If you are not careful, you will end up your day with nothing accomplished. So, how can we stay focused in our wandering minds? Switching off email or messaging services helps. And put your smart phone and other irrelevant screens away—they attract your attention even if they are off. If you tend to pop on headphones and use music to shut out distractions, avoid listening to anything familiar. Knowing the words or tune well will distract you even more. Not all distractions are bad, however. If you are doing something repetitive like stuffing envelopes or laying bricks, being distracted by listening to music or engaging in a conversation with a co-worker can ultimately increase productivity. Creativity can benefit from distraction too. Jihae Shin, now at the university of Wisconsin-Madison, has found that when people played Minesweeper for five minutes before coming up with new business ideas, they were more creative than those who didn’t play. Switching between tasks can also help. In general, this is the enemy of productivity: it encourages mistakes, stops us from completing things, promotes forgetfulness and lowers the quality of writing. But when we are trying to come up with creative solutions, task-switching distractions can help prevent “cognitive fixation” on ineffective approaches. So if you are a creative type, try lining up two or more tasks and spend your day switching between them. 28．Why does the author mention many examples in Para.1? A．To reveal the troubles of distractions. B．To present the findings of recent studies. C．To highlight the values of multitasks. D．To emphasize the importance of being focused. 29．What can be inferred about task-switching distraction from the passage? A．It will improve the productivity of the repetitive work. B．It may be shut out by listening to the familiar music. C．It may lower the efficiency of multitasks. D．It will help to come up with new ideas. 30．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Upsides and downsides of distraction. B．Distraction and creativity. C．How to stay focused. D．Causes of distraction. 【分析】这是一篇说明文。这个世界充满了干扰。不幸的是，世界也需要我们工作。文章就如何在 走神的时候保持专注提出了一些建议。 28．【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The world is full of distractions.”（这个世界充满了干扰。）可 知，第一段举例子是为了解释说明揭示分心带来的麻烦。故选 A。 29．【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But when we are trying to come up with creative solutions, task-switching distractions can help prevent “cognitive fixation” on ineffective approaches.”（但当我们试 图想出创造性的解决方案时，任务转换的干扰可以帮助防止对无效方法的“认知固着”。）可推知，它 会对想出新点子有帮助的。故选 D。 30．【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，根据第一段的“If you are not careful, you will end up your day with nothing accomplished.如果你不小心，你一天就会一事无成”可知陈述了分心的坏处；根据第 三段的“Not all distractions are bad, however 然而并非所有的分心都是坏的”可知陈述了并非所有分心 都有坏处，再结合文章最后一段“Switching between tasks can also help. In general, this is the enemy of productivity: it encourages mistakes, stops us from completing things, promotes forgetfulness and lowers the quality of writing. But when we are trying to come up with creative solutions, task-switching distractions can help prevent “cognitive fixation” on ineffective approaches. So if you are a creative type, try lining up two or more tasks and spend your day switching between them.”（在不同任务之间切换也会 有所帮助。总的来说，这是效率的大敌:它鼓励错误，阻止我们完成任务，促进健忘，降低写作质量。 但当我们试图想出创造性的解决方案时，任务转换的干扰可以帮助防止对无效方法的“认知固着”。 所以，如果你是一个有创造力的人，试着把两个或更多的任务排列起来，然后花一天的时间在它们 之间切换。）可知，文章主要讲述的是分心的好处和坏处。故选 A。 D Round and Round They Go Space is becoming more crowded. Quite a few low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites have been launched into the sky, which are designed to move around the Earth only a few hundred kilometres above its surface. SpaceX and OneWeb plan to launch LEO satellites in their thousands, not hundreds, to double the total number of satellites in orbit (轨道) by 2027. That promises to change things on Earth. LEO satellites can bring Internet connectivity to places where it is still unavailable. This will also be a source of new demand for the space economy. Morgan Stanley, a bank, projects that the space industry will grow from $350 billion in 2016 to more than $1.1 trillion by 2040. New Internet satellites will account for half this increase. For that to happen, however, three worries must be overcome. Debris (碎片) is the most familiar concern. When enough satellites were packed into low-Earth orbits, any collision (碰撞) could cause a chain reaction which would eventually destroy all spaceships. One solution is to grab the satellites with problems and pull them down into the Earth’s atmosphere. Another is to monitor space more closely for debris. But technology is only part of the answer. Rules are needed to deal with old satellites safely from low-Earth orbits. Cyber (网络的)-security is a second, long-standing worry. Hackers (黑客) could take control of a satellite and steal intellectual property, redirect data flows or cause a collision. The satellite industry has been slow to respond to such concerns. But as more of the world’s population comes to rely on the space for access to the Internet, the need for action will intensify. Measures will surely be taken to protect network security. The third issue follows from the first two. If there is a simple mistake or a cyber-attack, it may cause a chain reaction which wipes out hundreds of billions of dollars of investment. Who is responsible for that? Now the plans of firms wishing to operate large numbers of satellites are being studied. But there is a long way to go before the risks are well understood, let alone priced. As space becomes more commercialized, mind-bending prospects open up: packages moved across the planet in minutes by rocket rather than by plane, equipment sent to other small planets, passengers launched into orbit and beyond. All that and more may come, one day. But such activities would raise the same questions as LEO satellites do. They must be answered before the space economy can truly develop. 31．What can we learn about LEO satellites from the passage? A．They are supposed to limit the space economy. B．They are expected to increase in large numbers. C．They are designed to move beyond the Earth as far as possible. D．They are mainly intended to bring Internet connectivity to remote areas. 32．To deal with debris in space, the author suggests _______. A．depending entirely on the modern technology B．monitoring the movement of spaceships carefully C．strengthening rules to remove old satellites safely D．destroying all the satellites with problems instantly 33．What does the underlined word “intensify” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Measure. B．Increase. C．Spread. D．Repeat. 34．What is the author’s attitude toward the launch of LEO satellites? A．It should be further confirmed for its ownership. B．It should be continued because of its advantages. C．It should be done carefully to avoid potential risks. D．It should be stopped in face of the space economy. 【分析】这是一篇说明文。太空越来越拥挤，文章主要内容为一家名为 SpaceX and OneWeb 的公司 计划在 2027 前发射数千上万颗近地轨道卫星之事，及对太空卫星数量剧增而带来的三个安全方面的 担忧。 31．【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“SpaceX and OneWeb plan to launch LEO satellites in their thousands, not hundreds, to double the total number of satellites in orbit (轨道) by 2027(SpaceX and OneWeb 计划发射数千上万颗近地轨道卫星将使轨道上卫星总数量增加一倍。)”可知， LEO 卫星预 计将大量增加。故选 B 项。 32．【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“Rules are needed to deal with old satellites safely from low-Earth orbits”可知，为了安全处理老旧的近地轨道卫星，需要制定一些规则。故选 C 项。 33．【答案】B 【解析】词义猜测题。由第四段中句子“But as more of the world’s population comes to rely on the space for access to the Internet, the need for action will intensify”可知，因为世界上越来越多的人依赖太空卫 星提供上因特网的通路，人们对于网络安全的需求将 intensify。，可推断，依赖太空卫星的人数增多， 因此对网络安全的需求就增强了。故划线词与 increase 意思相近。故选 B 项。 34．【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“Rules are needed to deal with old satellites safely from low-Earth orbits.(需要有规则来安全地处理来自低地球轨道的旧卫星 )”、第四段最后一句“Measures will surely be taken to protect network security(一定要采取措施保护网络安全)”及文末最后一句“They must be answered before the space economy can truly develop(在空间经济真正发展之前，必须回答这些 问题)”可知，关于发射大量的近地轨道卫星，作者认为应该小心慎行，避免潜在的危险发生。故选 C 项。 备战 2021 年高考英语全真模拟卷 （北京专用） 4 月卷 6 第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A(山东省百所名校 2021 届高三下学期 4 月份第三次质量监测) If you’ re after cheap UK train tickets, check the suggestions below and see how you could bag yourself a bargain. We' 11 even highlight the cheapest prices! ·Booking in advance Train tickets in the UK usually go on sale 3 months before the date of travel. Look out for advance tickets, as these tend to be cheaper when they 're first released. Be quick though, as they may sell out on busier routes. Find out more about our advance ticket alert tool. ·Traveling off-peak When travelling by train in the UK, you can benefit from reduced fares by choosing the time periods of day that are less busy. When searching for tickets with us, we'll display all available tickets and options, highlighting the cheapest ones. Learn more about off- peak train time from our website. ·Using the price prediction tool Our clever little price prediction tool will predict the future and let you know when ticket prices are about to go up, meaning you’1l never miss out on the best value fares. Beat the rush and save on price too (Currently available in the UK app only). Discover the magic of price prediction. ·Choosing the season ticket calculator If you travel on the same route more than three times a week, then season tickets could help you to save both valuable time and money. Besides that, they're also available in a number of flexible options to suit different time frames. Check out our season ticket calculator today to get started. 21．What is the feature of traveling off- peak by train in the UK? A．The trains are too crowded. B．Train tickets are often sold out. C．There are more passengers at this time. D．The travel time periods are relatively unoccupied. 22．What can visitors do if they want to know when train fares will rise? A．Call ahead and ask. B．Check the American app. C．Refer to the price prediction tool. D．Download the season ticket calculator. 23．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A．To advertise train services. B．To encourage passengers to travel abroad. C．To help visitors spend less money on railway tickets. D．To offer services to the train passengers on the way. 【分析】本文是一篇应用文。在英国怎样才能买到便宜的火车票呢？本文给出了四条建议：提前预 订，非高峰出行，使用票价预测软件和选择季票。 21．【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“When travelling by train in the UK, you can benefit from reduced fares by choosing the time periods of day that are less busy.（当你在英国乘火车旅行时，你可以 选择一天中不那么繁忙的时段来享受优惠票价。）”可知，在英国乘火车旅行时，游客可以选择一天 中不那么繁忙的时间来享受优惠票价，这意味着旅行时间段是相对空闲的。故选 D。 22．【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Our clever little price prediction tool will predict the future and let you know when ticket prices are about to go up, meaning you’1l never miss out on the best value fares.” （我们聪明的小价格预测工具可以预测未来，让你知道什么时候机票价格会上涨，这意味着你永远 不会错过最实惠的票价。）”可知，price prediction 是一款价格预测工具，它可以预测未来票价走势， 让游客知道票价什么时候会上涨。故选 C。 23．【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“If you re after cheap UK train tickets, check the suggestions below and see how you could bag yourself a bargain.（如果你想买便宜的英国火车票，看看下面的建议， 看看怎样才能买到便宜货。）”可推断，作者的写作目的是让乘客买火车票少花钱。故选 C。 B(黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市 2021 届高三下学期第二次模拟考试) It was a fine day. Jeffrey Del Monte was driving With his friend late Friday afternoon along the beach near Ramp 49 in Friso when they heard the screams of children. They surveyed the water trying to locate the screams and， two young girls were spotted apparently struggling while being swept out in a rip current （激流）. Del Monte then swam out into the ocean and helped one of the girls who were caught in the rip current, passing her to his friend for the lengthy swim back to shore. He then went back to search for the second girl and found her in great pain before he swam back to shore, bringing the child to the beach from nearly 100 yards out. After both girls were safe on the beach, Del Monte and his friend attended to them until Dare County Emergency Medical Services and a Cape Hatteras National Seashore Ranger arrived on the scene. The children's parents also arrived and expressed their thanks to Del Monte and his friend. “Jeffrey Del Monte's heroic, selfless and quick actions were key to saving these two girls from a very dangerous situation," National Parks of Eastern North Carolina Superintendent David Hallac said in a statement. "His courage and expertise allowed him to perform this successful ocean rescue. " Park officials said the incident was a reminder of how quickly ocean conditions could change, even on what appeared to be a perfect clay. “A perfect clay on the beach doesn't always mean that it's a perfect day in the ocean, so it is important that all visitors check the beach forecast for danger and rip currents before heading to the beach and always use something that floats when in the water. If individuals do find themselves caught in rip currents, please don't swim against the currents, instead swimming out of the currents and then to shore," David Hallac said. 24．Why did Del Monte hand the first rescued girl to his friend? A．To go to seek for the other struggling girl. B．To give his friend a chance to be praised. C．To relieve his pain caused by the current. D．To experience the lengthy swim himself. 25．What did Del Monte and his friend do after they saved the girls? A．They took them to hospital quickly. B．They looked after them on the beach. C．They drove them back to their parents. D．They blamed them for taking the risks. 26．What is David Hallac's attitude towards Del Monte? A．Worried, B．Envious. C．Appreciative. D．Grateful. 27．What suggestion does David Hallac offer to visitors? A．Going swimming with others. B．Avoiding floating in the water. C．Swimming against the currents. D．Preparing well for beach trips. 【分析】本文一篇记叙文。Jeffrey Del Monte 和朋友开车沿着附近的海滩行驶时，突然听到孩子们的 尖叫声。Jeffrey Del Monte 发现两个女孩在激流中挣扎，他毫不犹豫地跳到海中救起了两个孩子。 24．【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Del Monte then swam out into the ocean and helped one of the girls who were caught in the rip current, passing her to his friend for the lengthy swim back to shore. He then went back to search for the second girl（然后德尔蒙特游到海里，帮助了一个被激流困住的女孩，并把 她交给他的朋友，游了很长一段时间才回到岸边。然后他回去寻找第二个女孩）”可知，Del Monte 把救下的第一个女孩交给自己的朋友是为了去寻找另外一个在水中挣扎的女孩。故选 A。 25．【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“After both girls were safe on the beach, Del Monte and his friend attended to them（ 两个女孩在海滩上安全后，德尔蒙特和他的朋友开始照顾她们）”可知，Del Monte 和他的朋友在救了那两个女孩之后，他们在沙滩上照料着她们。故选 B。 26．【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段 David Hallac 所说的话“Jeffrey Del Monte's heroic, selfless and quick actions were key to saving these two girls from a very dangerous situation（杰弗里·德尔蒙特的英勇、无 私和迅速的行动是将这两名女孩从非常危险的境地中拯救出来的关键。）”可推断，David Hallac 对 Del Monte 的态度是“赞赏的”。故选 C。 27．【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘so it is important that all visitors check the beach forecast for danger and rip currents before heading to the beach and always use something that floats when in the water.’（“所 以，所有游客在前往海滩之前，都要查看海滩预报，看看有没有危险和激流，并且一定要使用水中 漂浮的东西，这一点很重要。”）”可推断，David Hallac 建议游客要为海滩之旅做好准备。故选 D。 C(辽宁省大连市 2021 届高三第一次模拟考试) Video calls are a common occurrence, but have you imagined being able to touch the person on the other end of the line? Scientists are making this a reality. Researchers at the University of New South Wales, Australia, have invented a soft skin stretch device (SSD), a haptic device that can recreate the sense of touch. Haptic technology can mimic the experience of touch by stimulating localized areas of the skin in ways that are similar to what is felt in the real world, through force, vibration or motion. Vibration is the most common haptic technology today and has been built into many electronic devices, such as one attached to the back of a trackpad in laptops. However, haptic feedback with vibration becomes less sensitive when used continuously. The existing technology also has great difficulty recreating the sense of touch with objects in virtual environments or located remotely. The new technology overcomes issues with existing haptic devices. The research team introduced a novel method to recreate the sense of touch through soft, artificial “muscles”. It works like this: imagine you call a friend in Australia. You wear a haptic glove with the SSDs and your friend also wears a glove with 3D force sensors. If your friend picks up an object, it will physically press against your friend’s fingers. And the glove with 3D force sensors will measure these interactions. The force signals can be sent to your glove so your device will generate the same 3D forces, making you experience the same sense of touch as your friend. The haptic devices could be used in various fields, allowing users to feel objects inside a virtual world or at a distance. This could be especially beneficial during such times like the COVID-19 pandemic when people rely on video calls to stay connected with loved ones. Or it could be used in medical practices. Doctors can feel a patient’s organ tissues without touching them. 28．What does the underlined word “mimic” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Recall. B．Strengthen. C．Copy. D．Repeat. 29．What does the author focus on in the third paragraph? A．Limitations of the haptic technology. B．Application of haptic devices. C．Common use of continuous vibration. D．Haptic feedback with vibration. 30．In which of the following situations can SSD be used according to the author? A．Tasting a dish on the video. B．Feeling a dress being sold online. C．Giving a telephone interview. D．Receiving on-site medical treatment. 31．Which word can best describe SSD according to the text? A．Unrealistic. B．Conventional. C．Innovative. D．Adjustable. 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了柔软皮肤拉伸装置的功能和工作原理以及未来发展领 域。 28．【答案】C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“Haptic technology can”以及后文“the experience of touch by stimulating localized areas of the skin in ways that are similar to what is felt in the real world, through force, vibration or motion.(通过刺激局部皮肤的方式来体验触觉，这种方式与在现实世界中通过力量、振动 或运动所感受到的感觉相似。)”可知，通过刺激皮肤的局部区域，利用力、振动或者运动，触觉技 术可以模仿或者复制触摸的体验，从而达到类似于真实世界中的感觉，故划线词意思是“复制，模仿”。 故选 C。 29．【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Vibration is the most common haptic technology today and has been built into many electronic devices, such as one attached to the back of a trackpad in laptops. However, haptic feedback with vibration becomes less sensitive when used continuously. The existing technology also has great difficulty recreating the sense of touch with objects in virtual environments or located remotely. (振动是当今最常见的触觉技术，并已被植入许多电子设备，如连接在笔记本电脑触控板背 面的设备。然而，当连续使用时，带有振动的触觉反馈变得不那么敏感。现有的技术也很难在虚拟 环境或远程对象上重现触觉)”可知，作者在第三段关注了触觉技术的局限性。故选 A。 30．【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The haptic devices could be used in various fields, allowing users to feel objects inside a virtual world or at a distance.(触觉设备可以应用于各个领域，允许用户在虚拟世 界中或在远处感受物体)”可推断，在网上试穿衣服可以使用 SSD。故选 B。 31．【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“The new technology overcomes issues with existing haptic devices. The research team introduced a novel method to recreate the sense of touch through soft, artificial “muscles”.(这项新技术克服了现有触觉设备存在的问题。研究小组引入了一种新的方法，通过柔软的 人造“肌肉”来重建触觉)”可推知，SSD 具有创新性。故选 C。 D(广西桂林、崇左、贺州 2021 届高三 4 月联合模拟考试) Copenhagen, voted as the "Best City for Cyclists" and "World's Most Livable City", has a profound bicycle culture, one that is rooted in almost every Copenhagener's daily life. For Copenhageners, bicycles are one of the best means of transportation. They are convenient, fast and environmentally friendly. Every morning, when I head to school, I can see a great many cyclists from all age groups riding their well-equipped and beautifully designed bicycles to school or work. What is most unbelievable for me is that even those aged 70 or 80 still prefer biking as their main mode of transportation. The Danes' passion for bicycles is similar to the Chinese craze for ping-pong or Brazilians' love of football; many great cyclists arise in Denmark who have already achieved great success in the international sporting arena. One example is Larsen Norman Hansen, a Danish professional road and track racing cyclist, who won one gold medal and two silver medals in big events. In addition, bikes are also huge part of the recreational life of many young Danes. One of my Danish friends, Laurits Genz, a 21-year-old Chinese studies student from Copenhagen University, has a hobby of rebuilding old bicycles. He has collected many old bikes from a recycling station near his home and completely restored them, giving them new parts and a fresh coat of paint. He believes that eventually, all of these bikes with that "classic" look are going to be very sought after and valuable. Some people might wonder why bike-related culture is so universal and popular in Copenhagen, but not as much so in other parts of the world. I would name a couple of reasons: First of all, the infrastructure constructed in Copenhagen is very cyclist friendly. On many roads in Copenhagen, if cyclists can ride their bikes at the speed of 20 kph and remain stable, they can surf through on a wave of green traffic lights through the city without putting a foot down. It's absolutely a great environment. Another factor is the government's friendliness to cyclists. Because of this government policy, bikers enjoy a sort of encouraged state of privilege（特权）, meaning they will stick to this means of transportation even during the coldest winter season. Danes' tendency toward a healthy and environmentally friendly lifestyle also lends itself to choosing cycling. 32．What makes the author feel most surprised according to Paragraph 2? A．People aged 70 or 80 preferring biking. B．The advantages represented by bicycles. C．The passion for bicycles shown by Danes D．Bike-related culture rooted in Danes' daily life. 33．How many factors contribute to the popularity of riding bikes in Copenhagen? A．1. B．2. C．3. D．4 34．What can we learn from the text? A．Larsen Norman Hansen won three gold medals in big events. B．Bicycles are the best means of transportation in Copenhagen. C．Everyone in Denmark can rebuild old bicycles by themselves. D．The government policy is in favor of this kind of transportation. 35．What does the underlined phrase "sought after" in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Fashionable. B．Newly-designed. C．Popular. D．Well-equipped. 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了哥本哈根，被评为“最适合骑自行车的城市”和“世界上最宜居 的城市”，有着深厚的自行车文化，这种文化几乎植根于哥本哈根人的日常生活中。 32．【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“What is most unbelievable for me is that even those aged 70 or 80 still prefer biking as their main mode of transportation.（最让我难以置信的是，即使是那些 70 岁或 80 岁的人仍然喜欢骑自行车作为他们的主要交通方式。）可知，70 岁或 80 岁的人更喜欢骑自行车让作 者感到非常惊讶。故选 A。 33．【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“First of all, the infrastructure constructed in Copenhagen is very cyclist friendly.（首先，哥本哈根的基础设施非常适合骑自行车的人。）”、“Another factor is the government's friendliness to cyclists.（另一个因素是政府对骑自行车的人很友好。）”和“Danes' tendency toward a healthy and environmentally friendly lifestyle also lends itself to choosing cycling.（丹麦人倾向 于健康和环保的生活方式，这也使他们选择了骑自行车。）”可知，3 个因素促成了在哥本哈根骑自 行车的流行。故选 C。 34．【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Another factor is the government's friendliness to cyclists. Because of this government policy, bikers enjoy a sort of encouraged state of privilege（特权）, meaning they will stick to this means of transportation even during the coldest winter season.（另一个因素是政府支 持骑骑自行车。由于政府的这项政策，骑自行车的人享有某种特权，这意味着即使在最冷的冬天， 他们也会坚持使用这种交通工具。）可知，政策支持这种运输方式。故选 D。 35．【答案】C 【解析】词句猜测题。根据上文“He has collected many old bikes from a recycling station near his home and completely restored them, giving them new parts and a fresh coat of paint.（他从他家附近的一个回收 站收集了很多旧自行车，并对它们进行了彻底修复，给它们更换了零部件，刷了一层新的油漆。）” 可推知，划线词所在句子意为“他相信，最终，所有这些具有“经典”外观的自行车都将非常受欢迎和 有价值。” sought after 意为“流行的”。故选 C。 备战 2021 年高考英语全真模拟卷 （北京专用） 4 月卷 7 第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Immersive Van Gogh From the creators of the blockbuster show in Paris seen by over two million visitors and still wowing crowds in Toronto, the west coast premiere (首场) of the Immersive Van Gogh Exhibit will bring the art of Vincent to life in Los Angeles. Immersive art is not just a technical way to represent video and audio in huge spaces. The word immersive indicates a deep commitment of intentions which connect images and sounds in a way that the audience is able to experience a different way of the art. True to its name, this exhibition transforms the iconic (偶像的) paintings of Vincent van Gogh into moving, wall-filling projections. “Immersive Van Gogh” promises half-a-million cubic feet of projections that pull from some of the post-impressionist’s most recognizable pieces, including The Bedroom, Sunflowers and, yes, The Starry Night. You will experience art like never before—lose yourself in entrancing, moving images that highlight brushstrokes, detail, and color—truly illuminating (照亮) the mind of the genius. LOCATION The Immersive Van Gogh Exhibit is located at a secret place situated in the heart of Los Angeles. To be announced before the exhibit opens, existing ticket holders will receive an email with the place name and location once it is made public. TICKET PRICES VIP TICKETS—$99.99 ●Priority access ●Van Gogh cushion (a gift for you) ●Limited edition poster PREMIUM TICKETS—$59.99 ●Van Gogh cushion (rental) ●Limited edition poster BASIC TICKETS—$54.99 ●Admission only CHILD TICKETS—$29.99 ●Ages 6—16 (children 5 and under do not require a ticket) ●Admission only ●Child tickets are not subject to change of date fees Tickets are available online at www.vangoghla.com. GIFT SHOP Stop by our Exhibit Gift Shop to take the magic of Van Gogh home with you! From clothing and jewelry to home décor, children’s books, and so much more, you will find unique and thoughtful souvenirs at the Immersive Van Gogh Exhibit. Also be sure to check out at our online store! Experience the organic landscapes of Van Gogh’s imagination, and journey through his brilliance and madness in a completely new and unforgettable way. 21．According to the passage, the Immersive Van Gogh Exhibit ________. A．presents Van Gogh’s art in a modern way B．begins a journey to Van Gogh’s hometown C．displays Van Gogh’s paintings on moving walls D．designs projects on Van Gogh’s learning experience 22．From where can people find information about the exact location of the exhibit? A．An email. B．A website. C．The ticket office. D．The gift shop. 23．How much should a couple with a 5-year-old child who would like to own a Van Gogh cushion at least pay for the visit? A．$109.98. B．$154.98. C．$159.98. D．$199.98. 【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了这场沉浸式梵高作品展在西海岸的首映式将在洛杉矶让梵高的 艺术重现人间。 21．【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Immersive art is not just a technical way to represent video and audio in huge spaces. The word immersive indicates a deep commitment of intentions which connect images and sounds in a way that the audience is able to experience a different way of the art.(沉浸式艺术 不仅仅是在巨大空间中表现视频和音频的技术方法。沉浸式这个词表明了一种深刻的意图，通过将 图像和声音连接起来，让观众能够体验到一种不同的艺术方式)”以及第三段“True to its name, this exhibition transforms the iconic paintings of Vincent van Gogh into moving, wall-filling projections. “Immersive Van Gogh” promises half-a-million cubic feet of projections that pull from some of the post-impressionist’s most recognizable pieces, including The Bedroom, Sunflowers and, yes, The Starry Night.(正如它的名字一样，这次展览将文森特·梵高的标志性画作变成了移动的、充满墙壁的投影。 Immersive Van Gogh 承诺将使用 50 万立方英尺的投影，呈现出印象派最著名的作品，包括《卧室》、 《向日葵》，没错，还有《星夜》)”可知，沉浸式艺术是一种将图像和声音连接起来的新型艺术形式。 本次梵高绘画展演就是要通过沉浸式艺术展现。由此推知，本次展演将通过一种新的方式呈现。故 选 A。 22【答案】A 【解析】．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“To be announced before the exhibit opens, existing ticket holders will receive an email with the place name and location once it is made public.(在展览开始前宣布，一旦公 开，现有的门票持有者将收到一封附有地点和地点的电子邮件)”可知，想要得到本次展演的确切地 点，只能通过电子邮件。故选 A。 23．【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据题干“a couple with a 5-year-old child who would like to own a Van Gogh cushion (一对夫妇和一个 5 岁的孩子，并且想拥有一个梵高坐垫)”可知，一共有两个成人，一个五岁 的小孩，并且想要梵高坐垫。再结合“Ages 6—16 (children 5 and under do not require a ticket)”可知， 五岁以下的小孩不需要门票。再根据题干中“own a Van Gogh cushion”可知，想要得到一份 Van Gogh cushion 必须其中一人购买 VIP TICKETS，即需要$99.99。另一个人只需要购买 BASIC TICKETS(基 本门票)，即需要$54.99。所以 a couple with a 5-year-old child who would like to own a Van Gogh cushion (一对夫妇和一个 5 岁的孩子，并且想拥有一个梵高坐垫)至少需要$154.98。故选 B。 B(吉林省白山市 2021 届高三联考) Crocodiles today look very similar to ones from 200 million years ago. There are also very few species alive today---just 25. Other animals such as lizards（蜥蜴）and birds have achieved a diversity of many thousands of species in the same amount of time or less. Prehistory also saw types of crocodile we don't see today, including giants as big as dinosaurs, plant-eaters, fast runners and snake-like forms that lived in the sea. The rate of their evolution is generally slow, but occasionally they evolve more quickly because the environment has changed. In particular, their evolution speeds up when the climate is warmer, and their body size increases. The body size of crocodiles is important because it interacts with how fast animals grow, how much food they need, how big their populations are and how likely they are to become extinct. The limited diversity of crocodiles and their apparent lack of evolution is a result of a slow evolutionary rate. It seems the crocodiles arrived at a body plan that was very efficient and perfect enough that they didn't need to change it in order to survive. This perfection could be one explanation why crocodiles survived Cretaceous period（白垩纪）, in which the dinosaurs died out. Crocodiles generally develop better in warm conditions because they cannot control their body temperature and require warmth from the environment. The climate during the age of dinosaurs was warmer than it is today, and that may explain why there were many more varieties of crocodiles than we see now. Being able to draw energy from the sun means they do not need to eat as much as a warm-blooded animal like a bird or a mammal（哺乳动物）. 24．What influenced the evolution of crocodiles most? A．Their number. B．The climate. C．Their habits. D．Food resources. 25．Why did crocodiles go slowly in evolution? A．As a result of their good appetite. B．Because of their perfect body type. C．Owing to so many dinosaurs around. D．Due to their limited ability to reproduce. 26．We can infer from the last paragraph that crocodiles ________. A．are warm-blooded animals B．like cold living conditions C．eat less than mammals D．are fiercer than dinosaurs 27．What is the text mainly about? A．The history of crocodiles, B．Ancient animals' evolution. C．Residents of the Cretaceous period. D．The "stop-start" pattern of crocodiles' evolution. 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了鳄鱼的进化主要受气候的影响最大，他们的体型适应了生存 的需求。 24．【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的“The rate of their evolution is generally slow, but occasionally they evolve more quickly because the environment has changed. In particular, their evolution speeds up when the climate is warmer, and their body size increases.”可知，鳄鱼的进化速度通常很慢，但由于环境变化， 它们有时进化地更快了。特别是当气候变暖时它们的进化加快，并且它们的体型增大。由此可知， 气候因素对鳄鱼的进化影响最大。故选 B 项。 25．【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的“It seems the crocodiles arrived at a body plan that was very efficient and perfect enough that they didn’t need to change it in order to survive. ”可知，似乎鳄鱼的身体结构非 常有效和完美，它们不需要为了生存而改变它。由此可知，鳄鱼进化缓慢是因为拥有了完美的体型。 故选 B 项。 26．【答案】 【解析】推理判C 断题。根据最后一段的“ Being able to draw energy from the sun means they do not need to eat as much as a warm-blooded animal like a bird or a mammal.”可知，能够从太阳中吸收能量意味着 他们不需要像鸟类或哺乳动物这样的温血动物进食那么多。由此可知，鳄鱼比哺乳动物吃得少。故 选 C 项。 27．【答案】D 【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲的是鳄鱼，因此 B 项的“古代动物的进化”不正确；文章主要讲的 鳄鱼不只生活在白垩纪时代，因此 C 项的“白垩纪时期的居民”不正确。文章的第二段主要讲的是“鳄 鱼的进化受气候的影响最大”，第三段主要讲的是“鳄鱼进化缓慢是其身型的因素”，最后一段主要讲 的是“鳄鱼更适应温暖的气候而且能够从太阳中吸收能量”。由此可知，文章的主要讲述鳄鱼的进化。 故选 D 项。 C 江苏省南京师范大学附属中学 2021 届高三下期第二次月考() We lead very busy lives and we too easily forget how hard it was for us to focus on homework when we were in school. Now that we have jobs to do, food to buy and cook and other errands(差事) to run, even I sometimes think it would be a welcome change to have to sit down and quietly read and write with no distractions. But, in case you don’t remember - homework is pretty much every child’s least favorite thing to do. In the age of Netflix, Snapchat and wifi, the distractions are almost endless. It can sometimes almost be too hard to even keep up with all the new tech advances our kids are using, so how can we make sure that those advances take a back seat to our children’s education? Here are some ideas. There’s no point in stopping the reality that young people are going to focus on their phones and tablets instead of other things at times. Your best way is to accept, actually the tech sector continues to be the most profitable and fast-growing industries and that’s unlikely to change fast. There are ways to use technology to help your kid do homework. Ask your teacher and school staff what apps and websites they’re using to teach lessons and supplements(补充) them with at-home activities as well. Even though technology has changed, the basics haven’t. If you want to read, write and think properly, you need to have peace and quiet and the ability to focus, right? Well, your kids are just the same.Try and find a space in your home to enable your kids to do work away from televisions, the Internet or other distractions. Let me be clear: this shouldn’t be a prison.I feel like I’m my most productive working alone in an office or at a busy cafe with my headphones on. Getting lost in other realities helps my creativity grow. Placing kids in isolation(独处) can often have a harmful effect and doesn’t always equal being more productive. I feel like “getting engaged( 参 与 )” is always a big part of my advice for parents on just about everything. How can you make sure your children are being successful if you have no idea what they’re doing? How can you be sure they’re doing it right if you don’t know what is the correct answer? What do they need? You should be in touch with their teachers, have a sense of where the lessons are going, what kinds of tasks are being given and what success looks like in the classroom. Knowing all of that is key to your child’s success, especially when matched with some encouraging praise and helpful tips on how he can keep going. Thinking about how your child is best motivated(激励) by other things and using those methods here reasonably isn’t a bad idea. And if by chance you’re having trouble solving that Math problems or understanding a sentence, don’t fear – you’re not alone. Use the school staff, other parents or friends as your support. Better to seek help than do nothing. We all know that homework isn’t exactly the most entertaining way anyone spends their time. And sometimes we can’t help but feel that since we left school, we’re done with homework forever. But the circle of life plays out in all times and it’s up to us to make sure that we pass on the lessons we’ve picked up and that while homework might seem dull, it’s how we build skills, learn real lessons and get on the road to greatness. That greatness is on the inside, it’s up to us as adults to enable the young people to bring it out. The key to achieving greatness is to take a lifelong learning. 28．What is the author’s attitude towards new tech? A．It affects parents’ everyday life. B．It should be kept out of children’s reach. C．It can benefit student’s education. D．It makes homework easier. 29．Which of the following ideas might the author agree with? A．Homework should be made entertaining. B．Parents should know what motivates their children best. C．Students should do their homework independently. D．School staff should help parents on new tech. 30．While parents engaged in their children’s homework, they________. A．must be better at all the lessons B．needn’t make sure that their children are being successful C．can teach their children by themselves D．should know as much as possible about it 31．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Children should achieve greatness on their own. B．Parents and their children should learn from each other. C．Children can hardly succeed without parents’ efforts. D．Parents can only obtain skills by helping their children. 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就如何在科技技术进步的时候，确保孩子们的教育问题这一话 题提出了相关的建议，其中最重要的就是家长对孩子的帮助和引导。 28．【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“There are ways to use technology to help your kid do homework. Ask your teacher and school staff what apps and websites they’re using to teach lessons and supplements(补充) them with at-home activities as well.”可知，有很多方法可以利用科技帮助你的孩子 做作业。询问老师和学校工作人员他们正在使用哪些应用程序和网站来教课，并通过家庭活动对它 们进行补充。由此可知，对于新技术的态度，作者认为其有利于学生的教育。故选 C 项。 29．【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Thinking about how your child is best motivated by other things and using those methods here reasonably isn’t a bad idea.” 可知，想一想你的孩子是如何被其他事情激 励的，然后合理地使用这些方法会是个不错的主意。由此可知，作者认为家长应该要了解最能够激 励他们孩子的方法，然后对其加以利用。故选 B 项。 30．【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“You should be in touch with their teachers, have a sense of where the lessons are going, what kinds of tasks are being given and what success looks like in the classroom.”可 知，你应该和他们的老师保持联系，了解课程的内容、任务的类型以及在课堂上怎样算得上成功。 再由第五段中的“Knowing all of that is key to your child’s success, especially when matched with some encouraging praise and helpful tips on how he can keep going.”可知，了解这些是孩子成功的关键，尤其 同时给予一些鼓励的赞扬和关于他如何继续前进的有用建议的时候。由此可知，当父母参与孩子的 家庭作业时，他们应该尽可能多地了解它。故选 D 项。 31．【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But the circle of life plays out in all times and it’s up to us to make sure that we pass on the lessons we’ve picked up and that while homework might seem dull, it’s how we build skills, learn real lessons and get on the road to greatness. The greatness is on the inside, it’s up to us as adults to enable the young people to bring it out.”可知，但生活的循环任何时候都在上演，我们必 须确保把所学的知识传递下去，并告诉他们尽管家庭作业看起来枯燥乏味，但这正是我们培养技能、 得到真正教训、走上伟大之路的方式。这种伟大是内在的，这取决于作为成年人的我们能够使年轻 人把它展现出来。由此可知，父母应该把自己所学到的东西传承给孩子，让他们有正确的态度，帮 助他们获得成功。因此，没有父母的努力和帮助，孩子很难取得成功。故选 C 项。 D(北京市海淀区 2021 届高三下学期一模) The philosopher, Martin Buber, is most known for his work on “I-Thou/You” relationships in which people are open, direct, mutually interested in each other. In contrast, “I-It” relationships are those in which we use the other, like an object, to solve our problems and fulfill our needs and purposes. It is not our fault that many of our relationships are or become “It” relationships because most of what we feel, think and do is motivated by unconscious memories of how to survive the environment into which we were born. Thus, one of the reasons we use other people to help us feel better about ourselves and cope in the world is that using people was once necessary and it worked. When we were small and helpless, “It” came and fed us, and held us, and set us on our way. We didn’t have to reciprocate and care for “It”. Even when the care and attention of “It” was minimal or unpredictable, if we got out of childhood alive, somewhere along the way “It” was involved. Freud called this stage of early life “primary narcissism”, which is our instinct (本能) for self-preservation and is a normal part of our development. While most of us grow out of it，we still hold a survival fear, which motivates us to escape danger and to stay alive, and we all need this fear in healthy measure. The problem is that too many of us, too much of the time, are in a constant state of threat—and we often don’t know it. We imagine people are talking about us behind our backs, that we have cancer, that we are inadequate, and vulnerable to more than our share of bad luck. As our brains have grown in size and complexity, so has our ability to scare ourselves. This causes many problems. For example, our stress levels increase, our digestion is impaired and our thinking becomes restricted. Our threat response stops any bodily function, feeling, thought and behavior that might “waste” energy and detract from fighting or escaping danger. Thus, when in threat, our emotional, cognitive and behavioral range is significantly reduced. And in this reduced state, one of our solutions is to find someone who can save and comfort us. Instead of enabling us to be open, direct and mutual, fear and anxiety lead us towards conversations and choices in our relations with others that are orientated towards surviving—not thriving (茁壮成长). Threat-motivated relationships are characterized by need, dependency, control, demand, dishonesty, and self-interest. We cannot form the “I-Thou” relationships that Buber speaks of until we have learned to notice, comfort, and understand the emotions and patterns of our threat brain. When in threat, we tend to use other people as objects who can save and protect us, or who we can blame for our problems. 32．What does the underlined word “reciprocate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Return the favour. B．Ask for some advice. C．Convey an apology. D．Make some comments. 33．What can we learn about “primary narcissism”? A．It leads to our survival fear. B．It is normal and usually temporary. C．It impacts our growth negatively. D．It lays the foundation for Freud’s theory. 34．Which of the following could be an example of “I-It” relationships? A．Comforting an upset friend. B．Feeling sorry for your mistakes. C．Trying hard to be independent. D．Asking others to take on your task. 35．What would be the best title for this passage? A．How We Can Form the “I-Thou” Relationships B．How We Can Get Out of the “I-It” Relationships C．Why We Treat Others as Objects Rather Than Individuals D．What Helps Us Survive and Thrive in Early Stages of Life 【分析】本文是说明文。 文章说明 了“I-It”关系，即我们利用对方来帮助解决我们的问题，并分析 其形成的原因。 32．【答案】A 【解析】词句猜测题。划线词前一句提到“When we were small and helpless, “It” came and fed us, and held us, and set us on our way.” 作者认为在我们的童年成长过程中，“it”会来帮助我们，带我们走上正 轨；划线词后提到“care for(关心，照顾)”；and 是并列连词，“reciprocate ”应该和“care for”语义并列。 由此可以猜测，“reciprocate”意思为“Return the favour（回报这份帮助，报答这份恩情。）”故选 A。 33．【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。文章第三段中提到“Freud called this stage of early life “primary narcissism”, which is our instinct (本能) for self-preservation and is a normal part of our development.（弗洛伊德称之为生命 早期阶段的“原始自恋”，这是我们的本能自我保护，是我们发展的正常的一部分。）”。根据“this stage of early life”可知， primary narcissism 是指生命早期阶段存在的，是暂时性的；根据“a normal part of our development”可知，primary narcissism 是正常的。故选 B。 34．【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。文章第二段中提到“one of the reasons we use other people to help us feel better about ourselves and cope in the world is that using people was once necessary and it worked. When we were small and helpless, “It” came and fed us, and held us, and set us on our way.”说明“I-It”关系是指我 们利用他人来帮助我们。当我们弱小无助的时候，“它”会帮助我们，带我们走上正确的道路；文章 第六段中提到“in this reduced state, one of our solutions is to find someone who can save and comfort us. （在这种状态下，我们的解决办法之一就是找一个能拯救和安慰我们的人。）”。由此可知，“I-It”关 系是指利用他人来帮助我们。由此可以推断，“Asking others to take on your task.（要求别人承担你的 任务）”是“I-It”关系的例子。故选 D。 35．【答案】C 【解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提到““I-It” relationships are those in which we use the other, like an object, to solve our problems and fulfill our needs and purposes. ”说明“I-It”关系是指我们利用对方，（把 对方）就像当作是一个物体，来解决我们的问题，满足我们的需求和目的；文章第二段提到“It is not our fault that many of our relationships are or become “It” relationships”，说明成为“It”关系并不是我们的 错；第四段提到“The problem is that too many of us, too much of the time, are in a constant state of threat （问题是，我们中的太多人，在太多的时间里，处于一种持续的威胁之中）”是分析“It”关系形成的 原因；文章最后一段提到“When in threat, we tend to use other people as objects who can save and protect us, or who we can blame for our problems.（当我们受到威胁时，我们倾向于把别人当作可以拯救和保 护我们的东西，或者把我们的问题归咎于他们。）”由此可知，文章是说明什么是“I-It 关系”，并分析 其形成的原因。文章的标题应该是“Why We Treat Others as Objects Rather Than Individuals（为什么我 们把别人当作物体而不是个人）。故选 C。