解密完形填空 课件37张

Learning objectives After the class, the students can： 1.learn about the principles of the cloze test； 2.grasp the steps of doing the cloze test. 01 题型分析 02 完形填空做 题步骤 03 真题演练 题型分析 第一章节 1、近三年完形填空文章的体裁与题材及命题特点 试卷 体裁 题材 文章长度 命题特点 2020 全国Ⅰ夹叙夹议不要对孩子说谎 266 1.选材以记叙和 夹叙夹议文为主, 偶尔涉及说明文。 2.从题材上看,内 容新颖、时尚,体 现核心素养,突出 “励志性、教育性 和启发性”,反映正 确的价值导向,彰 显正能量。 全国Ⅱ记叙文 主人公无意中购得两幅名家 油画真迹 258 全国Ⅲ记叙文 应对难对付的顾客 243 2019 全国Ⅰ夹叙夹议保护乞力马扎罗山 255 全国Ⅱ记叙文 帮人找回宠物狗 281 全国Ⅲ说明文 科技改变生活 253 2018 全国Ⅰ记叙文 大学时学习国际象棋的感悟 270 全国Ⅱ记叙文 救人碰巧营救了自己的儿子 266 全国Ⅲ记叙文 一条错发的短信引发的善与 美的故事 260 2、完形填空考查什么？ 完形填空主要考查考生在具体语境中运 用词汇知识的能力，考查考生是否能在掌握、 理解文章主旨大意和段间、句内及句间联系 的基础上，准确判断和选择符合特定上下文 语义和用法的动词、名词、形容词和副词等。 1 3 5 4 pattern color 2A C E DB Work out the puzzle 为什么选中这20个单词或短语？ 3、完形填空的命制原理是什么？ 格式塔原理：人类对客观事物的把握呈现整体感觉特征， 而非杂乱无章，任何经过认知系统组织后的视觉、图像和 轮廓都并非独立成像，而是依附于不可分割的整体，但部 分简单相加又不同于整体，而是反过来由整体统帅部分， 尤其对于语篇阅读而言，任何语段的理解与解释都不能背 离语篇所营造的整体环境。 点击添加标题文字 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit 语篇 What How Why 语篇的主题和内容语篇的主 题和内容 作者的意图、 情感态度或 价值取向 语篇的文体特征、内容 结构和语言特点 年份 试卷 设空方式 命题特点联系上文 联系下文 通览全篇 2020 全国Ⅰ 7 7 6 1.联系上文和下文设空的题目占了 约70%,结合语篇设空的题目占了约 30%。 2.全国卷以实词考查为主,介词和连 词等虚词考查少;选项形式也有不一 致的情况。 3.单纯考查词汇搭配、语法知识和 文化背景的题目少,必须结合语境进 行推断和分析。 全国Ⅱ 5 8 7 全国Ⅲ 8 5 7 2019 全国Ⅰ 8 9 3 全国Ⅱ 7 11 2 全国Ⅲ 8 10 2 2018 全国Ⅰ 10 8 2 全国Ⅱ 11 7 2 全国Ⅲ 9 8 3 4、完形填空的基本解题思路： 1、先对文章进行整体把握和理解--->文章的主旨、 脉络结构等。　 2、结合上下文语境： 利用已知信息 去破解未知信息 完形填空解题步骤 第二章节 Step1、独上高楼，望尽天涯路---探主旨 明脉络 主旨：Robbie Pruitt offered to fix damaged bikes for free and even donated repaired bikes to people in need. 文章脉络：the theft of his bike---going bike shopping---his change of emotions ---his decision to fix bikes for people---teaching children practical skills ---people's praise Narration who, what , why, when, where, how Step2、为伊消得人憔悴---上下求索 •句内层次题 •句间层次题 •语篇层次题 1、语境 1）句内信息提示； 2）上下句间信息提示； 3）上下段落信息提示。 2、句间逻辑 转折、递进、因果、让步、 举例、对照 3、信息复现 原词、同义词、反义词， 同根词，上下义词复现 2021年天津卷 For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 16 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his 17 took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration,he found himself on a road to sympathy 18 . 16. A. amazed B. mad C. curious D. frightened 17. A. emotions B. career C. opinions D. route 18. A. ever B. together C. instead D. yet offence 16. mad :very angry anger 同义词复现 emotion:a feeling such as happiness, love, fear, anger or hatred mad,anger, frustration 上下义词复现 对比： 逻辑 For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was 19 his stolen bike.But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the 20 of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed 21 to get to work? 19. A. ride B. lock C. repair D.replace 20. A. lack B. variety C. increase D.quality 21. A. instruction B. qualification C. transportation D.permission replace：if you replace something that has been broken, stolen etc, you get a new one. 更换（已损坏、被盗的东西） a keen bicyclist few available lack transportation get to work 同义重现 With that thought in mind, Pruitt 22 a plan and posted it on the community website.He 23 to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes,which he would repair—again 24 . And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the 25 to buy one. 22. A. came up with B. stuck to C. gave up D.broke away from 23. A. remembered B. refused C. hesitated D. offered 24. A. by accident B. in advance C. for free D. on credit 25. A. profit B. budget C. courage D. excuse with that thought in mind came up with a plan offered to fix bikes free of charge again for freehave the budget to buy one The day the post went live,Pruitt received thirty 26 bicycles. Then came more than 500 27 for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be 28 to their owners. 26. A. shared B. used C. expensive D. modern 27. A. enquiries B. advertisements C.notices D.announcements 28. A. exported B. sold C. lent D. returned unwanted bikes used bicycles for detailed information enquiries enquiry:a request for information about sb/sth; 询问；打听 their ownersreturned 同义词重现 Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are 29 struggling. 30 simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes. 29. A. hardly B. slightly C. truly D. instantly 30. A. Without B. Beyond C. Upon D. Among 逻辑：beyond: more than sth 除了---之外 In addition to 31 skills,Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self- worth, and promote feelings of community. 32 the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment. “It's a really great 33 for kids,” said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper.“Pruitt is certainly providing a 34 ，but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the 35 he can make on people” 31. A. practical B. commercial C. mathematical D. social 32. A. Otherwise B. However C. Somehow D. Meanwhile 33. A. promise B. celebration C. comfort D. experience 34. A. competition B. service C. ceremony D. suggestion 35. A. compromise B. impression C. impact D. progress he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes. practical skills a great experience provide a service inpact 试题设置 •句内层次题： •句间层次题： •语篇层次题： 启示：以语篇为中心，上下求索 19，21，22，25，27，28 16，17，20，23，24，30，31 26，29，31，33，34，35 Discussion Step3、众里寻他千百度---再回首 For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got mad when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his emotions took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration,he found himself on a road to sympathy instead. For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was replace his stolen bike.But when he went bike shopping, he found few available,which got him thinking: What if the lack of bikes was Covid- 19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed transportation to get to work? With that thought in mind, Pruitt came up with a plan and posted it on the community website.He offered to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes,which he would repair— again for free.And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the budget to buy one. The day the post went live,Pruitt received thirty used bicycles. Then came more than 500 enquiries for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be returned to their owners. Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are truly struggling.Beyond simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes. In addition to practical skills,Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. Meanwhile the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment. “It's a really great experience for kids,” said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper.“Pruitt is certainly providing a service，but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the impact he can make on people” Step3、众里寻他千百度---再回首 主旨大意 段落大意 考查词汇 Robbie Pruitt offered to fix damaged bikes for free and even donated repaired bikes to people in need. Part1（para1-2) mad, emotions, instead,replace, lack, transportation Part 2(para3-6) came up with , offered,for free , budget, used, enquiries, returned,truly, beyond,practical Part3 (para7) experience, service, impact Step3、众里寻他千百度---再回首 Robbie Pruitt offered to fix damaged bikes for free and even donated repaired bikes to people in need. Para1：the change of his emotions about his stolen bike Para 2：the reason for changing his emotions. Para 3：his decision to fix bicycles free of charge. Para 4、5&6：how he helped people in the community. Para 7：his impacts on others. mad, emotions, instead replace, lack, transportation came up with , offered,for free , budget used, enquiries, returned,truly, beyond,practical experience, service, impact Summary 1、语篇 context 1）句内信息提示； 2）上下句间信息提示； 3）上下段落信息提示。 what：语篇的主题和内容 why：作者的意图、情感 态度或价值取向 how ：语篇的文体特征、 内容结构和语言特点 3、词汇 2、语境 真题演练 第三章节 主旨： 不要对孩 子撒谎 Para1：为阻止孩子外出， 作者对孩子撒谎。 Para2：对孩子们撒谎的感 受。 Para3：反思自己对孩子们 撒谎的危害。 Para4：提出面对类似情况 的正确做法。 Since our twins began learning to walk,my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.The 　41　 is obvious.If we 　 42　 it is a door,they'll want to go outside 　43　.It will drive us crazy.The kids apparently know the 　 44　.But our insisting it's 　45　 a window has kept them from 　46　 millions of requests to open the door.  I hate lying to the kids.One day they'll 　47　 and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 　48　.  41.A.relief B.target C.reason D.case 42.A.admit B.believe C.mean D.realize 43.A.gradually B.constantly C.temporarily D.casually 44.A.result B.danger C.method D.truth 45.A.merely B.slightly C.hardly D.partly 46.A.reviewing B.approving C.receivingD.attempting 47.A.win out B.give up C.wake up D.stand out 48.A.dream B.lie C.fantasy D.fact 真题演练 I wonder if 　49　 should always tell the truth no matter the 　50　.I have a very strong 　51　 that the lie we’re telling is doing 　52　 damage to our children. Windows and doors have 　53 metaphorical (比喻) meanings.I'm telling them they can't open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in 　54　 they come to a metaphorical door,like an opportunity of some sort,and 　55　 opening the door and taking the opportunity,they just 　56　 it and wonder,“What if it isn’t a door?” That is,“What if it isn’t a 　57　 opportunity?”  49.A.parents B.twins C.colleagues D.teachers 50.A.restrictionsB.explanations C.differences D.consequences 51.A.demand B.fear C.desire D.doubt 52.A.physical B.biological C.spiritualD.behavioral 53.A.traditional B.important C.double D.original 54.A.life B.time C.reply D.history 55.A.by comparison with B.in addition to C.regardless of D.instead of 56.A.get hold of B.stare at C.knock on D.make use of 57.A.real B.typical C.similar D.limited Maybe it's an unreasonable fear.But the 　 58　 is that I shouldn't lie to my kids.I should just 　59　 repeatedly having to say,“No.We can't go outside now.”Then when they come to other doors in life,be they real or metaphorical,they won’t 　60　 to open them and walk through.  58.A.safety rule B.comfort zone C.bottom line D.top secret 59.A.delay B.regret C.enjoy D.accept 60.A.hurry B.decide C.hesitate D.intend 文章主旨 段落大意 考查词汇 Don't tell lies to the kids Para1：my lies and reasons reason, admit, constantly, truth,merely, attempt Para2：my feelings about the lies. wake up, lie Para3：the damage to children done by the parents' lies. parents, consequences, fear,spiritual, important, life, instead of, real, stare at Para4：my view and proper way of dealing with such things. bottom line, accept, hesitate 四、Reflection 1、心态：完形伤我千百遍，我待完形如初恋 2、做题步骤： Step1 独上高楼，望尽天涯路--探主旨，明脉络 Step2 为伊消得人憔悴---上下求索 Step3 众里寻他千百度---再回首 语篇 语境 词汇 The cloze test has hurt me a thousand times, but I still regard it as my first love. 五、Assignments 1、Summarize the theme of the passage and main ideas of each paragraph; 2、Analyze the language features of the passage.