welcome
门很低, 头容易撞______lintel门楣
从屋顶上的___ antnna知道房子里有电视．天线
鱼用＿＿gills 呼吸． 鳃
You are a good Christian.
You are a good father.
You are a good child.
You are a good husband.
You are a good wife.
You are a good teacher.
You are a good friend.
你是一个听话的孩子。
你是一个有责任心的丈夫。
你是一个贤惠的妻子。
你是一名敬业的老师。
你是一个可靠的朋友。
你是一名虔诚的教徒。
看看你究竟有多“好”？
你是一名慈爱的父亲。
• Heavy news
• Heavy food
• Heavy appearance
• Heavy sleeper
• Heavy smoker
晴天霹雳
热量高的食物
粗陋的长相
睡觉沉的人
烟鬼
阅读理解-词义猜测
Guessing meanings
2021-5-29 湘乡市第三中学 周洪敦 主讲
■ Summarize and keep in mind the skills of
guessing new words.
■ Apply the skills to reading comprehension.
Studying aims
高考考点分布：
考纲要求
考题落实情况
2020 2019 2018 2017 2016
1 理解主旨和要义 2 2 1 1 1
2 理解文中具体信
息
8 8 7 9 10
3 根据上下文推断
词、短语的意义
1 1 1 2 1
4 作出判断和推理 4 4 5 2 3
5 理解文章的基本
结构
0 0 0 0 0
6 理解作者的意图、
观点和态度
0 0 1 1 0
根据上下文猜测生词的含义是考生
必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能, 因此, 词
义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型。
这类题包括猜测单词、短语、句子的意
思和判断指代内容。
分析题干能力
2021-5-29 湘乡市第三中学 周洪敦 主讲
{ }词 义 猜 测 类 阅 读 理 解
备考策略
1、这种类型的问题，重点考查的不是学生
词汇量的多少，而是考查是否具有利用
语境线索，推测和判断词义的能力。
2、解答这类试题最重要的方法，是理解含
生词部分的上下文 (也就是常说的语境)
来推测其意思。
一.利用构词法： 利用前缀、后缀、复合词、
转化等猜测词义。
二.根据上下文联系猜测词义 ：
（1）利用针对性的解释猜词，如定义性释义，
同位成分、定语从句重述，举例解释等；
（2）利用内在逻辑推理猜词，如上下文对比、
转折关系，因果关系，同义、近义、并列、替
代、说明等关系逻辑推理猜测词义。
解题策略
一、 利用构词法猜测词义
1.根据前缀猜测词义
2.根据后缀猜测词义
3.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
4.词性转化
1.Car rentals are becoming more and more
popular as an inexpensive way of taking to roads.
2.The first car rental firm opened in Shanghai in
1992 and now 12 car rental players are in the game,
with more than 11,500 cars in their books.
not expensive
出租的
前缀
后缀
前缀
dis- in- un- non- il- im-（都表否定）
re-（再,重复），inter-（之间，相互），
tele- （远程），en- （使可能），
sub-（亚,次,下）， under- （以下，不
足），over-（太，过度，以上）
认一认
后缀
–able, -al, -an, -ful, -ive, -er, -ese, -ist, -
ment, -ness, -tion, -fy, -ian, -ing, -is(z)e, -
ly, -teen, -ty, -th, -y等
认一认，读一读
reasonable, chemical, attractive
helpful, musician, illness,
realization, friendly, belongings
练一练 猜一猜
3.(09, 全国卷二）I know what you’re
thinking: pizza(比萨饼)? For breakfast? But the
truth is that you can have last night’s leftovers in
the a.m. if you want to. 剩余物，吃剩的食物
4.When men and women lived by hunting
50,000 years ago，how could they even begin to
picture modern life?
想象
合成词
转化
二 、根据上下文联系猜测词义
1.针对性的解释
2.内在逻辑关系推理
1.___________________
针对性的解释
根据定义猜测词义
Do you know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area
that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its
own.57. What is a bird’s “territory”?
A. A place where families of other species are not accepted.
B. A place where a bird may shout at the top of its voice.
C. An area for which birds fight against each other.
D. An area which a bird considers to be its own.
根据定义猜测词义
利用解释作为从上下文猜词的线索。常用
的谓语关键词和句型有：
...means 表示......的意思，意指
...is/are ......是
...is/ are called 被叫做
...is/are known as 被称为
...can be defined as 可被定以为
针对性的解释
2．______________________
针对性的解释
It will be very hard but also very brittle—that
is , it will break easily. ( ) 易碎的
利用同位成分、定语从句等复述猜测
生词的大致“义域”（意义范围）。
复述部分可以是词、短语、或从句。
同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to
say, in other words, namely, 等。
根据复述推测词义
Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a
special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,
wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces .
Q: According the passage, The Pines is a .
A．place in which you can see many mobile homes
B．mountain where you can get a good view of the
valley
C．town which happens to be near the Banff National
Park
D．restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds
of food
练一练
3._______________
针对性的解释
Cars must have certain safety devices such as
seat belt, headlights, and good brakes.（ ）装置，设备
通过列举一些名词或事例来解释说明文章中的
生词。常见的关键词有：
such as ；like ， especially ；
for instance ；for example ；
consist of等
根据举例猜测词义
动物学家
木匠
Practice 1
牧人
夜
班
利用生词的上下文间对比或转折关系猜测词义。
关键词主要有：or, unlike, not, but,
however, despite, in spite of, in contrast，
while, otherwise, on one hand…on the
other hand, for one thing…for another
thing 等。
内在逻辑关系推理
1._______________________根据对比，转折关系猜测词义
节俭的，节约的
根据因果关系猜测词义
抓住一些表示因果关系的信号词为线索进行推断
生词。这些信号词有:since, as, because, for, so,
thus, consequently, therefore, due to, result in,
result from, as a result, for this reason, so...that,
such...that
内在逻辑关系推理
2.____________________
Since I could not afford to purchase the
original painting, I bought a replica. An
inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.
复制品
根据同义、近义、并列、替代、说明等关
系猜测词义
William Shakespeare said. “The web of our
life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and
ill together.”
Q：The underlined word “mingled” in the
last paragraph most probably means .
A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy
内在逻辑关系推理
3.____________________
根据普通常识,生活经验推测词义
有时遇到生词时，运用自己已有的常识，比如对一
些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政
治结构、社会制度等的了解，可以帮助加深对文章
的理解, 将其推测出来。
When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,
he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him
unconscious, because he does not want his
patient to feel pain or to know what is happening
to him.
麻醉
剂
内在逻辑关系推理
4.____________________
聚集到
无辜的
Practice
不同意
★
修剪
灌溉
1 构词法
2 上下文
线索
1.根据前缀猜测词义
2.根据后缀猜测词义
3.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
4.词性转化
1.针对性的解释
2.内在逻辑关系推理
1.根据对比，转折关系猜测词义
2.根据因果关系猜测词义
3.根据同义、近义、并列、替
代、说明等关系猜测词义
4.根据普通常识,生活经验推
测词义
词义猜测方法
1.根据定义猜测
2.根据复述推测
3.根据举例猜测
1.We can feel acceleration, which is an increase
in speed. But we notice it for only a short time.
For example we feel it during the takeoff run of
an airplane.
★.the underlined word acceleration means
_______.
A. any kind of movement
B. the movement of a plane
C. a steady speed
D. to make something move faster
D
2.We can allow time to slip by and let it be our
enemy. However, we can also take control of it
and make it our ally.(2019全国1卷)
★ The underlined word “ally” in Para. 3 most
likely means somebody or something that is
______.
A. your slave and serves you
B. your supporter and helps you
C. under your control and obeys you
D. under your influence and follows you
B
n.同盟者
The word “liability” most probably means ____.
A. advantage B. disadvantage
C. misfortune D. trouble
★
3.Beauty has always been regarded as
something praiseworthy…but in executive(主
管的) circle, beauty has become a liability.
While attractiveness is positive factor for a
man on his way up the executive, it is harmful
to a woman…
What does the underlined word “artificial”
mean?
A. small B. large
C. man-made D. natural★
4. In the mountains and foothills of Arizona,
there is little rain during the dry season.
Streams and pools dry up. Then many animals
that live in the mountains need to find new
sources of water. The state of Arizona has built
an artificial water hole in the desert below the
mountains.
The underlined phrases “out of the trees” in this
passage means___.
A. mad B. curious C. lonely D.enthusiastic
5.Well, if being strange means you live in a
house with an indoor swimming pool and a hot
tub on the front, let’s be strange. People may
think I am out of the trees, but to believe
convention（惯例）is something that prevents
answers.”
★
What have you
learned today?
同义词
近义词
重述
构词法
生活经验和常识
举例法
因果
对比定义
猜词
上下文
Guess the meaning of the
underlined parts in the passage
with the strategies learnt today.
Homework
2021-5-29 湘乡市第三中学 周洪敦 主讲
Every writer starts off knowing that he has
something to say, but being unable to find the
right ways to say it. He has to find his own voice
by reading widely and discovering which parts of
the writers he agrees or disagrees with, or agrees
with so strongly that it reshapes his own world.
（2010）
★ The underlined word “voice” in the second
paragraph most probably means “________”．
A．an idea B．a sound quality
C．a way of writing D．a world to write about
真题演练二：
Cohn studied a videotape of a criminal
who professed to be sad about the
murder of several family members and
tried to pin the blame on someone else.
But Cohn saw no real sadness in the
woman’s face.
The underlined word “professed”
most probably means______.
A. to pretend sth. as true B. to show
C. acknowledge D. to prove
★
The underlined word “intellectual” may relate
to_____. A. training B. learning
C. translation D. memory
.…Last, reading is an intellectual form of
entertainment. Readers can improve their level
of reading and vocabulary in a harmless, healthy,
and pleasurable way. Movies , on the other hand,
are not as complex and entertaining as books,
and they leave nothing to interpret.
Reading without reflecting is like
eating without digesting.
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