专题 01 阅读理解之说明文（一）
一、（山东省泰安 2021 届高三模拟）
Buying clothes for a special event, hiding the price tickets and returning them to the store the next day has for
years been the method of economical shoppers. Today people are doing it just for social media.
A survey conducted by the credit card company Barclaycard revealed that nearly one in ten UK shoppers
admits to buying clothing only to post photos on social media for likes. After the “outfit (装束) of the day” makes it
online, they return it to the store. According to Barclaycard, the “try before you buy” policy of online retailers (零
售商) where people pay for clothing they order online after they try it on at home could be contributing to this
rising trend.
But the rise of social media has meant that everyone, not just superstars, expects to build and maintain a
personal brand. Since we’re documenting our lives and posting them online for public judgment, getting caught in
the same outfits more than once should be avoided. And the cost of all those outfits of the day adds up, which
makes returning a popular way.
There are brands that tailor clothes specifically for social media shoppers, like Fashion Nova. “These are
clothes made for social media: meant to be worn once, photographed and abandoned,” Allison P. Davis wrote in her
report about the brand. Another favorite of the social media age is Rent the Runway, which lets customers rent
designer clothing for a fee.
Some, however, are moving in the opposite direction. Groups promoting “work uniforms” have increased
greatly in recent years, aiming to free women from “the annoyance of clothing decisions”. The concept of the
“capsule wardrobe” (胶囊衣柜), which calls for purchasing a small number of high-quality pieces instead of lots of
trendy throwaway clothes, is also making a comeback.
12．What does the survey by Barclaycard indicate?
A．Some Britons send outfits back after shoots.
B．Britons try on clothes before online purchases.
C．Britons follow the fashion stars closely.
D．Some Britons over-order and return clothes.
13．What’s Fashion Nova’s special service?
A．Renting chargeable designer clothes.
B．Offering customers single-use clothes.
C．Creating unique shopping experiences.
D．Helping shoppers improve their clothing style.
14．What’s the idea behind the “capsule wardrobe”?
A．Better fewer, but better.
B．Less addition, but more enjoyment.
C．Less uniform and more freedom.
D．More choices and less annoyance.
15．What’s the purpose of the author to write the text?
A．To compare different wearing trends.
B．To criticize the “try before you buy” policy.
C．To advocate buying high-quality clothes.
D．To introduce Britain’s new wearing trend.
【答案】
12．A
13．B
14．A
15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。讲述的是，在英国一种新的穿衣潮流出现，即一些人为了维护在社交媒体
上的形象，经常购买衣服，穿上拍照后就退货。本文介绍了这种潮流出现的原因，服装品牌对应的措施，
以及与之相反的穿衣趋势。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A survey conducted by the credit card company Barclaycard revealed that
nearly one in ten UK shoppers admits to buying clothing only to post photos on social media for likes. ‘outfit (装束)
of the day’ makes it online, they return it to the store. (巴克莱信用卡公司开展的一项调查显示，近十分之一的英
国购物者承认自己买衣服只是为了把照片发到社交媒体上获得点赞。‘当天的服装’在网上完成后，他们会把
衣服退回商店。)”可知，一些英国人在拍摄后把衣服送回去。故选 A 项。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段中“There are brands that tailor clothes specifically for social media shoppers,
like Fashion Nova.(有些品牌专门为社交媒体购物者定制服装，比如 Fashion Nova。)”以及 Allison P. Davis 所
写“These are clothes made for social media: meant to be worn once, photographed and abandoned.(这些衣服是为
社交媒体设计的：穿一次、拍照和丢弃。)”可知，Fashion Nova 的特别服务是为顾客提供一次性衣服。故选
B 项。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The concept of the ‘capsule wardrobe’, which calls for purchasing a small
number of high-quality pieces instead of lots of trendy throwaway clothes, is also making a comeback.(‘胶囊衣橱’
的概念也正在回归，‘胶囊衣橱’指的是购买少量高品质的衣服，而不是大量购买流行的一次性衣服。)”可知，
胶囊衣橱”背后的理念是越少越好。故选 A 项。
15．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是，在英国一种新的穿衣潮流出现，一些人为了维
护在社交媒体上的形象，经常购买衣服，穿上拍照后就退货。本文介绍了这种潮流出现的原因，服装品牌
对应的措施，以及另外的穿衣趋势。所以，本文的写作目的是向读者客观地介绍英国新的穿衣潮流。故选 D
项。
二、（福建省龙岩市 2021 届高三质检）
The Arctic's permafrost is inciting— and fast. That's bad news, because these frozen soils store billions of tons
of carbon, just waiting to be released. So is there a way to save the permafrost? One team of researchers thinks it
may have found a possible solution: big animals, herbivores - animals that eat only plants.
Back in 1996 researchers started an experiment called Pleistocene Park. They fenced in about eight square
miles of land in northeast Siberia. Then they introduced different types of herbivores: reindeer, horses, bison, sheep
and other large creatures.
Since then, scientists have studied these animals' effects on the ecosystem. One outcome is that these large
herbivores help keep the ground very cold — cooler than it would otherwise be.
“The snow in winter is important for soil temperature, because it acts as an insulating layer. So the air in
winter, at the high latitudes, is much colder than the soil." Philipp Porada, a vegetation ecologist at the University
of Hamburg. "So the idea of this experiment was to introduce large herbivores — and to quantify their effects on
soil temperature to see if they can actually protect permafrost soils against melting. And this works because of the
animals' trampling (践踏), and this leads to less insulation of the soil against cold air temperatures and results in a
cooling effect.”
Freezing air reaches the soil more easily. Porada and his colleagues realized the significance of this effect, so
they pulled data from Pleistocene Park and Sweden to model what effect herbivores could have on permafrost if
they lived in large numbers in the Arctic.
They found that even in a worst-case situation, some four degrees Celsius of global wanning: “These
herbivores in the model reduce soil temperature substantially, by 1.7 degrees on average. And this leads to a
preservation of around 80 percent of the original — today's permafrost area. Without the herbivore effect in the
model, only 50 percent of the permafrost area would remain by the year 2100. So we can say the effect of the
herbivores in the model leads to a substantial preservation of permafrost soil."
24．Why is the Pleistocene Park Experiment mentioned?
A．To provide the past research data.
B．To share soil preservation experience.
C．To introduce a way to save permafrost.
D．To prove animals' effect on soil temperature.
25．What does the underlined word "insulating" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Covering. B．Blocking.
C．Storing. D．Freezing.
26．What does herbivores' trampling contribute to?
A．Cooling the ground. B．Heating the soil
C．Damaging the ground. D．Softening the soil.
27．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Permafrost Is Disappearing B．Preservation of Permafrost
C．An Experiment on Herbivores D．Herbivores Help Save Permafrost
【答案】
24．D
25．B
26．A
27．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北极的永久冻土正在快速融化，而食草动物有助于保护永久冻
土。
24．推理判断题。第一段中“One team of researchers thinks it may have found a possible solution: big animals,
herbivores - animals that eat only plants. (一个研究小组认为，他们也许已经找到了可能的解决办法：求助大型
动物，食草动物，即只吃植物的动物)”提出引进大型食草动物可以帮助解决冻土融化的问题。接着在第二段
“Back in 1996 researchers started an experiment called Pleistocene Park. (早在 1996 年，研究人员就开始了名为
Pleistocene Park 的实验)”提到这个实验。然后第三段中“One outcome is that these large herbivores help keep the
ground very cold — cooler than it would otherwise be. (其中一项研究结果是，这些大型食草动物会让地面变得
非常冷，比原本要冷得多)”表明实验结果。可知，文章提到 Pleistocene Park 这个实验，是为了证明动物对土
壤温度的影响。就是因为这样的影响，引进食草动物才会有助于解决冻土融化的问题，故选 D。
25．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“The snow in winter is important for soil temperature, because it acts as an
insulating layer. So the air in winter, at the high latitudes, is much colder than the soil. (冬天的雪对土壤温度非常
重要，因为雪起到了 insulating 层的作用。因此，在高纬度地区，冬天的空气比土壤冷得多) ”可知，同样环
境下，空气温度比土壤温度低，说明土壤的温度被“保存”下来了，没有完全因为外界的低温而降温，也就是
雪起到了隔离外界寒冷气温的影响的作用，所以 insulating 就是“隔离；使免受（不良影响）”，也就是“阻挡；
妨碍”的意思，故选 B。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段中“And this works because of the animals' trampling (践踏), and this leads to
less insulation of the soil against cold air temperatures and results in a cooling effect. (它们确实可以保护，因为这
些动物会踩踏地面，这导致土壤对抗寒冷气温的保温性降低，从而产生冷却效应) ”可知，动物的踩踏会使
地面产生冷却效应，故选 A。
27．主旨大意题。第一段开头“The Arctic's permafrost is inciting— and fast. (北极的永久冻土正在融化，
而且是快速融化)”告诉我们一个坏消息——北极冻土在加速融化。根据第一段最后“One team of researchers
thinks it may have found a possible solution: big animals, herbivores - animals that eat only plants. (一个研究小组
认为，他们也许已经找到了可能的解决办法：求助大型动物，食草动物，即只吃植物的动物)”可知，研究者
提出可以引入大型的食草动物解决这一问题。文章接下来的段落引入了相关实验来证明了这一结论。文章
最后一段用研究结果“So we can say the effect of the herbivores in the model leads to a substantial preservation of
permafrost soil. (因此，我们可以说，模拟实验中食草动物的影响，可以使永久冻土大量保存)”证实了食草动
物可以帮助保存冻土，所以选项 D“食草动物有助于保护永久冻土”，是文章最合适的标题，故选 D。
三、（福建省龙岩市 2021 届高三质检）
A century ago, people needed help to understand science. Much as they do today.
Then as now, it wasn't always easy to sort the accurate from the erroneous. Media regarded science as
secondary to other mission. When science made the news, it was often confusing, or misleading.
E.W. Scripps, a newspaper publisher, and William Emerson Ritter, a biologist, sensed a need for reliable news
about science, devoted to truth and precision. So Science Service was born - soon to give birth to the magazine now
known as Science News.
In its first year, Science Service delivered its weekly news reports to newspapers. By 1922 they became
available to the public, giving birth to Science News-Letter, the ancestor of Science News. Then as now, the
magazine included all flavors of science — from the atom (原子) to outer space, from agriculture to oceanography,
from transportation to nutrition.
In those early days, much of Science Service focused on space and new technologies, filled with various
guessing and arguments. Much of the century's scientific future was predicted, though not all predictions aged well.
In the century since, real science has progressed to an advanced degree of wisdom, to an extent almost
unimaginable to the scientists and journalists of the 1920s.
When Science Service launched its mission, astronomers were unaware of the extent of the universe. No
biologist knew what DNA did. Geologists saw that Earth's continents looked like separated puzzle pieces, but
declared that to be a coincidence.
Modern scientists know better. Yet somehow scientists still pursue the same questions. It turns out that the past
century's groundbreaking experimental discoveries, revolutionary theoretical revelations and prescient guessing
have not removed science's familiarity with false starts, unfortunate missteps and shortsighted prejudices.
Researchers today have expanded the range of the reality they can explore, yet still trip through the remaining
uncharted jungles of nature's facts and laws, seeking further clues to how the world works.
Science is more like it is today than it ever has been. It remains as challenging as ever to human inquiry. And
the need to communicate its progress, sensed by Scripps and Ritter a century ago, remains as essential now as then.
28．What led to the birth of Science Service?
A．Media's attitude to science.
B．Difficulty in defining science.
C．People's love for their mission.
D．Need for true and precise science.
29．What do Paragraphs4-5 mainly discuss?
A．The content of Science Service.
B．The future of Science Service.
C．The limits to the then scientists.
D．The problems facing modem scientists.
30．What's the author's attitude towards the past science?
A．Uncaring. B．Unfavorable. C．Supportive. D．Passionate.
31．What docs the author mean in the last paragraph?
A．Science in the past was not real science at all.
B．People have fully grasped the nature of science.
C．Today is the best time for science development.
D．Dependable news about science should be accessible anytime.
【答案】
28．D
29．A
30．B
31．D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了科学服务的诞生以及作者对于科学的态度。
28．细节理解题。根据第三段“E.W. Scripps, a newspaper publisher, and William Emerson Ritter, a biologist,
sensed a need for reliable news about science, devoted to truth and precision. So Science Service was born - soon to
give birth to the magazine now known as Science News. (E.W. Scripps 一个报纸出版商，斯克里普斯和生物学家
威廉·艾默生·里特感觉到需要可靠的科学新闻，致力于真理和精确性。因此，科学服务很快诞生了，现在被
称为科学新闻杂志)”可知，需要真实和精确的科学导致了科学服务的诞生。故选 D。
29．主旨大意题。根据第四段的“In its first year, Science Service delivered its weekly news reports to
newspapers.(第一年，科学服务向报纸发表每周的新闻报道)”和“Then as now, the magazine included all flavors
of science — from the atom (原子)to outer space, from agriculture to oceanography, from transportation to
nutrition.(当时和现在一样，该杂志包含了各种类型的科学——从原子到外太空，从农业到海洋学，从运输
到营养)”以及第五段的“In those early days, much of Science Service focused on space and new technologies,
filled with various guessing and arguments. (在那些早期的日子里，许多科学都集中在空间和新技术上，充满
了各种猜测和争论)”可知，4-5 段主要讨论的是科学服务的内容。故选 A。
30．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“It turns out that the past century's groundbreaking experimental
discoveries, revolutionary theoretical revelations and prescient guessing have not removed science's familiarity
with false starts, unfortunate missteps and shortsighted prejudices.(事实证明，过去一个世纪的开创性实验发现、
革命性的理论揭示和有先见之明的猜测，并没有消除科学对错误开端、不幸失误和短视预谋的熟悉)”可知，
作者不喜欢过去的科学。故选 B。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“And the need to communicate its progress, sensed by Scripps and Ritter a
century ago, remains as essential now as then.(一个世纪前，斯克里普斯和里特就意识到了传达其进步的需要，
现在仍然和那时一样重要)”可知，作者认为关于科学的可靠消息应该随时都能得到。故选 D。
四、（福建省龙岩市 2021 届高三质检）
Imagine a world where you move around in front of a personal computer in your own sound space. You listen
to your, favorite songs, play loud computer games or watch a movie - all without other people hearing the sound.
That is the possibility presented by "sound beaming,'' a new technology from Noveto Systems, an Israeli company.
On Friday, the company debuted (首发) a desktop device that sends sound directly to a listener without the
need for headphones or a special receiver. No veto Systems gave The Associated Press (AP) a chance to test its
SoundBeamer 1.0 before its debut. The AP's Louise Dixon writes that listening to the device is like something from
a science fiction movie. The sound seems so close that it feels like it is inside your cars while also in front, above
and behind them.
Noveto expects the device will have many uses. Office workers could listen to music or conference calls
without others hearing. People could play a game, a movie or music without waking up others in the same room.
Because the device does not use headphones, it is possible to hear other sounds in the room clearly.
The device uses a 3-D technology that finds and follows the ear position of the listener. It sends ultrasonic (超
声的) waves to create sound pockets by the user's cars. Sound can be heard in stereo or 3-D．The 3-D method
creates sound on all sides of the listener, the company said.
The demo (样本) version of the device included nature videos of birds on a lake, bees flying and a quiet
waterway. Most people trying the technology for the first time just say, 'Wow. I really don't believe it. It sounds like
a speaker, but no one else can hear it ... it's supporting you and you're in the middle of everything. It's happening
around you.”
By changing a setting, the sound can follow a listener around when they move their head. It is also possible to
move out of the sound beam's path and hear nothing at all.
While the idea of sound beaming is not new, Noveto was the first to launch the technology. Its chief executive
officer Christophe Ramstein said a “smaller" version of the device will be ready for release to consumers next year.
32．What does the Soundbeamer Product mainly feature?
A．Its various uses.
B．The application of 3-D technology.
C．An escape from other sounds around.
D．The absence of headphones for a listener.
33．How do the people on trial find the device?
A．Scientific. B．Fashionable.
C．Lifelike. D．Convenient.
34．What can a user do with the device?
A．Make sound pockets. B．Enjoy natural scenes.
C．Play games with friends. D．Produce a science fiction movie.
35．What will get improved about the device?
A．Its original idea. B．Its present size.
C．Its positioning ability. D．Its sound effect.
【答案】
32．D
33．C
34．B
35．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述以色列一家公司开发了“声音光束”的设备，不用耳机就可以
传送声音。文章还介绍了这种设备的工作原理和多种用途。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段中“You listen to your, favorite songs, play loud computer games or watch a
movie - all without other people hearing the sound. That is the possibility presented by "sound beaming,'' a new
technology from Noveto Systems, an Israeli company. (你听你最喜欢的歌，玩大声的电脑游戏或看电影——所
有这些都没有其他人听到的声音。这就是以色列公司 Noveto 系统的一项新技术“sound beaming”提供的可能
性)”以及第二段中“On Friday, the company debuted (首发) a desktop device that sends sound directly to a listener
without the need for headphones or a special receiver. (上周五，该公司推出了一款桌面设备，它可以直接向听
众发送声音，而不需要耳机或特殊的接收器)”可知，Soundbeamer 产品让听众不需要耳机就可以听到只有自
己能听到的声音，也就是即便没有耳机，也能实现耳机的效果，这是这个公司提供的 Soundbeamer 产品的
特色，故选 D。
33．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Most people trying the technology for the first time just say, 'Wow. I really
don't believe it. It sounds like a speaker, but no one else can hear it ... it's supporting you and you're in the middle of
everything. It's happening around you.” (大多数第一次尝试这项技术的人都会说，“哇。我真的不相信。它听起
来像是一个扬声器，但其他人却听不见任何声音……你能听到声音，并且仿佛置身情境中。声音在四周萦
绕”)”可知，体验产品的人，感觉自己置身声音之中，就像一切发生在自己身边，所以他们觉得这个设备太
逼真了，故选 C。
34．细节理解题。根据第五段中“The demo (样本) version of the device included nature videos of birds on a
lake, bees flying and a quiet waterway. (该设备的演示版是一段大自然的视频，能听到湖面上空的鸟鸣，蜜蜂
飞行的声音和安静的流水声)”可知，这个设备的使用者可以欣赏到自然的场景，故选 B。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Its chief executive officer Christophe Ramstein said a "smaller" version of
the device will be ready for release to consumers next year. (该公司首席执行官 Christophe Ramstein 表示，明年
将向消费者推出一款“更小”的版本) ”可知，既然公司要推出尺寸更小的版本，也就是说这个设备的尺寸方面
可以改进，故选 B。
五、（福建省三明市 2021 届高三质检）
You can't see your sleeping pet's brain waves, but its behavior can tell you when Fido or Fluffy might be
dreaming. If you watch closely, you'll see that as your cat falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular and
her body still. She has entered the first stage of sleep, called slow-wave sleep. After about 15 minutes you'll notice a
change in her breathing. Her paws and whiskers twitch(抽动) and she flicks an ear. Fluffy has entered REM(Rapid
Eye Movement), or dreaming stage of sleep. Although she twitches and makes little grunting noises, messages from
her brain to the large muscles in her legs are blocked, so she can’t run about. She is in a state of “sleep paralysis”.
Back in 1963, Michel Jouvet, a French scientist who was studying sleep in cats, interrupted their sleep
paralysis. Even though they were completely asleep, the dreaming cats began to chase balls that Jouvet couldn't see
and arched their backs at invisible enemies. He figured he was watching them act out their dreams!
What were they dreaming about? Mostly, the dreaming cats seemed to be practising important cat skills:
stalking, pouncing and fighting.
In another study, neuroscientist Matt Wilson recorded rats' brain waves while they learned mazes(迷宫). One
day, he left the brain-wave-recording machine on while the rats fell asleep. The pattern of brain waves in the
sleeping rats matched the pattern from the maze so closely that Wilson could figure out exactly which part of the
maze each rat was dreaming about!
Many researchers now think that in both people and animals, one purpose of dreams is to practise important
skills and figure out recent learning. This may explain why so many people dream about fighting and escaping,
skills that were probably important to our ancestors, and why dreaming affects our ability to learn.
Do all animals dream? From looking at the brain waves of sleeping animals, scientists think that all mammals
dream, but reptiles, fish, and invertebrates(无脊椎动物) don't.(They're not sure about birds.)
8．What can we know about "sleep paralysis"?
A．It's the initial step of sleep.
B．I features slow-wave sleep.
C．It is in a motionless state.
D．It refers to the dreaming stage.
9．In Michel Jouvet's study, when cats were dreaming, they were____________.
A．exercising basic skills.
B．playing balls.
C．recording brain waves.
D．learning mazes.
10．What can be inferred from the text?
A．The museles of the reaming eats are blocked to move.
B．Dreaming a lot can help humans learn more.
C．Eighting and escaping are not necessary for ancestors.
D．Dreaming has a great impact on both humans and animals.
11．What would be the suitable title of the text?
A．Fido and Fluffy.
B．Do Animals Dream?
C．What is Sleep Paralysis?
D．Stages of Animal Sleep.
【答案】
8．D
9．A
10．D
11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文，本文主要讲述动物睡眠的行为表明动物也会做梦，并解释了动物的梦的内
容。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Fluffy has entered REM(Rapid Eye Movement), or dreaming stage of sleep.
Although she twitches and makes little grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs are
blocked, so she can’t run about. She is in a state of “sleep paralysis”.(动物进入了 REM 或睡眠的做梦阶段。尽管
她会抽搐并发出轻微的咕噜声，但从她的大脑到腿部大肌肉的信息被阻断了，所以她不能到处跑。她处于“睡
眠麻痹”状态。)”可知，“睡眠麻痹”是做梦的一个阶段。故选 D 项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“What were they dreaming about? Mostly, the dreaming cats seemed to be
practising important cat skills: stalking, pouncing and fighting.(他们梦到了什么？大多数情况下，做梦的猫似乎
在练习重要的猫的技能：跟踪、突袭和打斗。)”可知，当猫做梦时，他们在练习基本技能，故选 A 项。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Many researchers now think that in both people and animals, one
purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and figure out recent learning.(许多研究人员现在认为，无论是人
还是动物，做梦的目的之一是练习重要的技能，并弄清最近的学习情况。)”可知，做梦对于人类和动物都有
很大的影响。故选 D 项。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章内容，结合第一段中“You can't see your sleeping pet's brain waves, but its
behavior can tell you when Fido or Fluffy might be dreaming.(你看不见睡着的宠物的脑电波，但是它的行为可
以告诉你宠物什么时候在做梦。)”可知，本文主要讲述动物睡眠的行为表明动物也会做梦，并解释了动物的
梦的内容。故选 B 项。
六、（福建省三明市 2021 届高三质检）
Carbon is a chemical element which is present in organic compounds that make us organisms, plants as well
as fossil. It is a vital component of the greenhouse gas CO2, the highest percentage of the global warming gas in the
atmosphere.
These Green House Gases (GIIGs) along with other factors are responsible for the most discussed issues
affecting the planet, climate change. Climate change has and still releases a huge set of environmental disasters
which are fueling the difficulty of survival on the planet. In order to eliminate, reduce and adapt to these risks of
survival, individuals, organizations, and countries will have to adopt carbon neutrality measures. The main aim of
carbon neutrality is to achieve a net-zero emission either by balancing the emission or absorbing of carbon or quit
the production of carbon. However, to really understand carbon neutrality, the carbon cycle should be first
understood
The carbon cycle is the transfer of carbon through different media. Carbon has the ability to move in different
media in different forms at different rates and tines. These different factors (rate, time, and media) are the
phenomena underlying carbon neutrality. For instance, carbon released into the atmosphere by the rapid burning of
fossil fills back as rain in the form of carbonate (碳酸盐) and is absorbed by the reservoirs (oceans, surface water,
and the earth surface). Even though the exchange of carbon between some of these reservoirs takes a long time,
some over 100 years, carbon was absorbed until now. The main problem existing today is that the emissions of CO2
are too high to be offset by the reservoirs, thereby leaving the offsetting task to us.
The European Union (EU) is taking all measures it can to offset carbon through Emission trading system
which helps industries to manage their carbon footprints. Similarly, China, which is responsible for 25% of the
world's CO2 emissions due to its economic and industrial structure is currently decreasing its energy
consumption/GDP and CO2 emission/GDP, while increasing is forest cover and air quality through its 14th
Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) carbon neutrality actions.
12．What does the underlined word "fueling" in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A．Experiencing. B．Overcoming. C．Increasing. D．Ending.
13．How does the author explain the carbon cycle?
A．By giving an example.
B．By comparing media.
C．By analyzing data.
D．By describing a task.
14．What can be learned from the text?
A．GHGs take the whole blame for the climate change.
B．Carbon exchange takes little time.
C．The contribution of the EU is not obvious.
D．China las a clear goal in low-carbon efforts.
15．Which column is the text most likely taken from?
A．Politics. B．Environment. C．Commercial. D．Lifestyle.
【答案】
12．C
13．A
14．D
15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。碳是构成有机物质的基本元素，也是温室气体——二氧化碳的重要组成部
分。文章介绍了碳循环，以及为减少碳足迹所采取的碳中和。
12．词句猜测题。根据划线部分所在句子“Climate change has and still releases a huge set of environmental
disasters which are fueling the difficulty of survival on the planet.”（气候变化已经并仍在释放一系列巨大的环境
灾难，这些灾难 fueling 地球上生存的困难。）结合句意，尤其是句中的 disasters 和 the difficulty of survival
可推知划线词的意思是“增加，加剧”，即“这些灾难增加了地球上的生存困难”。A. Experiencing.经历；B.
Overcoming.克服；C. Increasing.增加；D. Ending.结束。故选 C。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段的“The carbon cycle is the transfer of carbon through different media.（碳循
环是碳通过不同介质的转移。）”和“For instance, carbon released into the atmosphere by the rapid burning of
fossil fills back as rain in the form of carbonate (碳酸盐) and is absorbed by the reservoirs (oceans, surface water,
and the earth surface). Even though the exchange of carbon between some of these reservoirs takes a long time,
some over 100 years, carbon was absorbed until now.（例如，化石快速燃烧释放到大气中的碳以碳酸盐的形式
以雨水的形式填充回来，并被水库（海洋、地表水和地球表面）吸收。尽管其中一些储层之间的碳交换需
要很长时间，有些需要 100 多年的时间，但碳一直被吸收到现在。）”可推知，作者用举例的方式解释了碳
循环。故选 A。
14．细节理解题。根据最有一段的“Similarly, China, which is responsible for 25% of the world's CO2
emissions due to its economic and industrial structure is currently decreasing its energy consumption/GDP and CO2
emission/GDP, while increasing is forest cover and air quality through its 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) carbon
neutrality actions.（同样，由于经济和产业结构的原因，中国的二氧化碳排放量占全球的 25%，目前，中国
正在通过其第十四个五年计划（2021-2025 年）的碳中和行动，降低能源消耗/GDP 和二氧化碳排放/GDP，
同时提高森林覆盖率和空气质量。）”可知，中国计划在第十四个五年计划的碳中和行动中，降低能源消耗
和二氧化碳排放的 GDP，同时提高森林覆盖率和空气质量。由此可知，中国在低碳方面的努力有一个明确
的目标。故选 D。
15．推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的“It is a vital component of the greenhouse gas CO2,
the highest percentage of the global warming gas in the atmosphere.（它是温室气体二氧化碳的一个重要组成部
分，二氧化碳在全球变暖的大气中所占比例最高。）”和第三段的“The carbon cycle is the transfer of carbon
through different media.（碳循环是碳通过不同介质的转移。）”以及最后一段“The European Union (EU) is taking
all measures it can to offset carbon through Emission trading system which helps industries to manage their carbon
footprints.（欧盟正在采取一切可能的措施，通过排放交易制度来抵消碳排放，这一制度有助于企业管理碳
足迹。）”可知，这篇文章主要介绍了碳、碳循环，以及为减少碳足迹所采取的碳中和。由此推知，文章最
有可能出现在环境专栏。故选 B。
七、（福建漳州市 2021 届高三质检）
Thanks to Arizona's tax credit program, taxpayers can make a big difference with their dollars. Learn how
these four organizations are making a difference and how you, too, can be part of the solution to help the
underserved through donations.
Catholic Charities Community Services
Catholic Charities Community Services provides adoption for foster（领养）children as well as education and
certification for foster families throughout central and northern Arizona. But they can't do it without your help. You
can change the life of a child.
Visit Catholic Charities at www. catholiccharitiesaz. org to learn the impact your gift makes.
Catholic Community Foundation（CCF）
Established in 1983. CCF aims to build the future of faith by providing sustainable support for those who
serve the community. Since 1995, CCF has given more than $ 27 million back into the community through
donor-advised funds, savings and growth funds, etc.
You can learn more by visiting ccfphx. Org.
Catholic Education Arizona
Catholic Education Arizona has been creating future leaders for 23 years. And it has raised 268 million and
awarded underserved youth 138,000 scholarships to change lives, strengthen families and transform culture. With
more than $9 million remaining to claim, interested corporations are encouraged to contact our office for more
information.
You can learn more by visiting catholiceducationarisona. Org.
The Society of St. Vincent de Paul
The staff and volunteers at the Society of St. Vincent de Paul packaged more than 4,000 meals for individuals
and families to pick up on a daily basis. St. Vincent de Paul's family dining room, food boxes, medical and dental
care, shelter and other services are nearly 100% funded by private donations. Donors can claim up to $800 in
Arizona charitable tax credits.
Learn more at svdptaxcredit. info.
1．Taxpayers can learn more about their charitable gifts to foster children by visiting _________.
A．cefphx. org B．www. catholiccharitiesaz. org
C．svdptaxcredit. info D．catholiceducationarizona. org
2．What does Catholic Education Arizona mainly focus on?
A．Serving the community. B．Supplying food to those in need.
C．Aiding foster children or families. D．Financially supporting underserved youth.
3．What do these four organizations have in common?
A．They only offer service to families. B．They provide help for patients.
C．They bring hope to the underserved. D．They are profitable organizations.
【答案】
1．B
2．D
3．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个给那些服务不足的人带来了希望的组织。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Visit Catholic Charities at www.catholiccharitiesaz.org to learn the impact your
gift makes.（访问天主教慈善机构 www.catholiccharitiesaz.org，了解你的礼物带来的影响。）”可知，纳税人
可以访问 www.catholiccharitiesaz.org 了解更多关于他们给寄养儿童的慈善捐赠。故选 B。
2．细节理解题。根据“Catholic Education Arizona”下的“And it has raised 268 million and awarded
underserved youth 138,000 scholarships to change lives, strengthen families and transform culture.（它筹集了 2.68
亿美元，并向不足的青年提供 13.8 万名奖学金，以改变生活、巩固家庭和改造文化。）”可知，亚利桑那州
的天主教教育主要关注在经济上支持得不到充分服务的青年。故选 D。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Learn how these four organizations are making a difference and how you, too,
can be part of the solution to help the underserved through donations.（了解这四个组织是如何发挥作用的，以及
你如何通过捐款帮助那些服务不足的人。）”可推断，这四个组织给那些服务不足的人带来了希望。故选 C。
八、（福建漳州市 2021 届高三质检）
If a president and a philosopher owed their success to the same secret, would you try to follow it too? What if
the secret was something you already knew how to do? In fact, you probably do it every day. Here's what Friedrich
Nietzsche wrote: “It is only ideas gained from walking that have any worth”. Thomas Jefferson: “Walking is the
best possible exercise. Accustom yourself to walking very far.”
Are you still sitting there reading this? Get walking! It is not just the two great minds who made a case for it as
a main creativity booster（推动）. Researchers have traced numerous connections between walking and novel ideas.
A Standford University study found that participants were 81% more creative when walking as opposed to sitting.
According to the study, walking outside—versus on a treadmill（跑步机）—produces the most novel and
highest-quality ideas in participants who walked and then sat down to do creative work.
The movement aspect of walking is obviously key. You've probably heard the phrase “exercise your creativity”,
which refers to the brain as muscle. Our creative thinking is triggered by physical movement, which is exactly why
walking—with your dog, a friend or alone—feeds creative thinking.
But the scenery is almost as important as the sweat. A survey reveals that Americans spend 87% of their time
indoors. Being inside, you're more likely to have less energy. Without energy, you can't wonder or create.
Interrupting your routine with a walk can be a catalyst（催化剂）for gaining fresh insights into problems or projects.
Just by going outside，you are stepping out of your comfort zone which is necessary if you want to open your mind
to new possibilities. You can walk through a tree-filled neighborhood or a park and observe people wandering or
birds singing.
So instead of setting a fitness goal, why not set a creative goal that starts with walking? Engage more closely
with your surroundings. Walk just for exercise. Walk for wonder.
8．Why are the two great minds mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A．To suggest the way to exercise B．To show the benefits of walking.
C．To give the definition of success D．To stress the importance of creativity
9．What does the underlined word “triggered” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Motivated. B．Blocked. C．Controlled. D．Changed.
10．Why is the scenery important according to the text?
A．Americans spend most of their time enjoying it.
B．One can't wonder or create without it.
C．It can build a comfort zone for people.
D．It will expose people to new chances.
11．What's the best title for the text?
A．Scenery inspires new ideas. B．Your creativity lies in sweat.
C．Exercise feeds creative thinking. D．Your brain is made for walking.
【答案】
8．B
9．A
10．D
11．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了走路对于创造力的激发与思维的发散所具有的重大意义。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Here's what Friedrich Nietzsche wrote: “It is only ideas gained from
walking that have any worth”. Thomas Jefferson: “Walking is the best possible exercise. Accustom yourself to
walking very far.”(弗里德里希·尼采(Friedrich Nietzsche)写道:“只有从行走中获得的想法才有价值。”托马斯·杰
斐逊说:“散步是最好的锻炼方式。你得习惯走很远的路。”)”和第二段“Get walking! It is not just the two great
minds who made a case for it as a main creativity booster（推动）.(走走吧！并不是只有这两位伟大的思想家认
为它是创造力的主要助推器。)”可推断，第一段提到了这两位伟大的思想家是为了展示走路的好处。故选 B。
9．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段划线词后半句“which is exactly why walking—with your dog, a friend or
alone—feeds creative thinking.(这就是为什么和你的狗、朋友或一个人散步会激发创造性思维。)”可知，我们
的创造性思维是由身体运动触发的。所以 triggered 为“使发生；触发”之意。故选 A。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Interrupting your routine with a walk can be a catalyst for gaining fresh
insights into problems or projects. Just by going outside，you are stepping out of your comfort zone which is
necessary if you want to open your mind to new possibilities. (通过散步来打断你的日常活动可以促进你对问题
或项目有新的见解。只要走出去，你就走出了你的舒适区，如果你想敞开心扉迎接新的可能性，这是必要
的)”可推断，风景很重要是因为它将使人们接触到新的机会。故选 D。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“A Standford University study found that participants were 81% more
creative when walking as opposed to sitting. (斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，与坐着相比，参与者走路时的创造
力提高了 81%。)”及全文内容可知，文章介绍了走路对于创造力的激发与思维的发散所具有的重大意义。所
以“Your brain is made for walking.(你的大脑天生就适合行走。)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选 D。
九、（福建漳州市 2021 届高三质检）
Shooting down an ice-covered track, a bobsled（大雪橇）can go faster than 80 miles an hour, and riders can
feel force five times stronger than the pull of gravity. A race can be won or lost by one hundredth of a second. How
do bobsleds go faster than cars on a highway? The answer is a combination of athletics and science.
At the start of a race, the crew push their sled, building up speed before they jump in for the ride. For months
before the race, the crew have built up power in their legs. The push is the crew's only chance to add speed. All
other work goes into keeping friction and drag（摩擦力和阻力）from slowing the sled down.
The design of the sled's runners（滑板）reduces their friction with the ice. The friction of a moving runner
melts a little ice right under the runner, and the runner rides on that thin layer of water. The runners are rounded on
the bottom. Runners that are too flat may not melt enough ice for fast ride. Runners that are too round may become
too warm, softening the ice and slowing the sled down. No amount of rounding is perfect for all races because the
hardness of the ice depends on the weather on race day.
Bobsleds used to be open. The riders did not sit inside a hull（外壳）. As the crew sped down the track，the air
would create drag. Today, a sled's hull reduces drag by splitting the air in front of the sled and making it flow
smoothly along the slides. As with the runners，strict rules apply to the hull. For example，no team may add any part
that would create helpful air currents.
Reducing friction and drag creates another challenge: high speeds. “The faster the sleds car travel on the run,
the more thrilling the race,” one research team wrote. “But the track must not be too fast: he crew still need to be
able to reach the bottom safely.”
12．What's the text mainly about?
A．The shape of the sled. B．The design of the runners.
C．The safety rules applying to the sled. D．The elements relating to the sled's speed
13．What can we know from the third paragraph?
A．Proper amount of melted ice is needed for a fast ride.
B．The rounder the runners are, the faster the sled goes.
C．Thin layer of water would drag the runners backward.
D．A sled's movement has nothing to do with weather.
14．What advantage does a sled with a hull have?
A．It's comfortable to sit in. B．It leads to beneficial air flow.
C．It helps to create a safe ride. D．It's free from strict rules.
15．What is implied in the last paragraph?
A．Safety is the most important. B．Keeping high speed is difficult.
C．Riders' desire to win is understandable. D．The crew's cooperation is necessary.
【答案】
12．D
13．A
14．B
15．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了与雪橇速度有关的几个要素，同时强调尽管雪橇行驶得越
快，比赛就越刺激，但安全是最重要的。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“How do bobsleds go faster than cars on a highway? The answer is a
combination of athletics and science.”（在高速公路上，雪橇怎么能比汽车跑得快呢? 答案是体育和科学的结
合）结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了与雪橇速度有关的要素。故选 D。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段“The friction of a moving runner melts a little ice right under the runner, and the
runner rides on that thin layer of water. The runners are rounded on the bottom. Runners that are too flat may not
melt enough ice for fast ride. Runners that are too round may become too warm, softening the ice and slowing the
sled down. No amount of rounding is perfect for all races because the hardness of the ice depends on the weather on
race day.”（一个移动的转轮的摩擦力融化了转轮下面的一点冰，转轮依靠那层薄薄的水。滑道底部是圆形
的。过于平坦的转轮可能无法融化足够的冰以进行快速骑行。太圆的转轮可能会变得太热，使冰变软，使
雪橇减速。并没有任何一个圆度适合所有的比赛，因为冰层的硬度取决于比赛当天的天气）可推知要想快
速骑行，需要适量的融化的冰。 故选 A。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段“Today, a sled's hull reduces drag by splitting the air in front of the sled and
making it flow smoothly along the slides. ”（如今，雪橇的船壳通过分离雪橇前面的空气，使其平稳地沿着滑
道流动，从而减少阻力）可知有船壳的雪橇的好处是它导致有益的空气流动。故选 B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段““The faster the sleds car travel on the run, the more thrilling the race,” one
research team wrote. “But the track must not be too fast: he crew still need to be able to reach the bottom safely.””
（一个研究小组写道：“雪橇行驶得越快，比赛就越刺激。但轨道不能太快：他的工作人员仍然需要能够安
全到达底部。” ）可推知安全是最重要的。故选 A。
十、（广东省清远市 2021 届高三模拟）
Famous American poet Robert Frost once said, “Poetry is what gets lost in translation.” Although it is not
impossible to translate poetry, Xu Yuanchong, a well-known Chinese translator, has striven to convey the beauty of
ancient Chinese poetry throughout his life.
His teacher Qian Zhongshu commented on his poetry translation, “You are dancing while chained by rhyme
(押韵) and rhythm, but the dance shows amazing freedom and beauty, which is quite extraordinary.”
Xu has just turned 100 years old. On April 1, China Translation and Publishing House published a series of
commemorative (纪念的) books about his life and career to pay tribute to this centenarian.
Since 1978, Xu has published more than 100 translated novels, anthologies (选集) and plays in Chinese,
English and French, reaching potentially millions of readers at home and abroad. Most notably, he translated
Chinese poems into rhymed verses in both English and French. He is also the first Asian winner of the “Aurora
Borealis Prize” for Outstanding Translation of Fiction Literature.
Xu is known to be very fastidious in his work. He has dedicated his life to “[translating] beautifully”. For him,
English is a “scientific” language that demands accuracy, while Chinese is an “artistic” language that includes a
wider range of content. Following this principle, Xu not only keeps faithfulness in sense but beauty in sensibility in
his translation.
Through Xu’s translations, time-honored Chinese wisdom has made an impact on Western societies and the
world at large.
For instance, when former US president Barack Obama tried to begin a controversial healthcare reform during
his presidency, some senators (参议员) were opposed at first. But after reading the poem titled Fishing in Snow
(《江雪》) translated by Xu, one senator was so impressed with the fisherman’s independent, non-conformist (不墨
守成规的) thinking that he chose to part with the party line to support Obama, noted NewsChina.
Having made such great achievements, the 100-year-old remains diligent. He lives alone in an old house near
Peking University. In his simple room, decorated with Chinese traditional furniture, he maintains a routine. Every
day he translates roughly 1,000 words, working till 3 to 4 am, sleeping about 3 hours and getting up at 6 am to
continue.
“Translation is a means of communicating with the writer’s soul. A sudden flicker (闪现) of [a] good word or
[a] good line thrills every pore (毛孔) and every inch of my skin,” Xu told NewsChina.
4．What does the article tell us about Xu Yuanchong?
A．He’s the first winner of The Aurora Borealis Prize.
B．He has translated about 100 Chinese literary works into English.
C．He is widely known for his translated rhymed verse.
D．He has mastered at least three foreign languages.
5．What does the underlined word “fastidious” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Particular. B．Satisfied. C．Inventive. D．Productive.
6．Why was Barack Obama mentioned in the article?
A．To show Xu’s popularity.
B．To illustrate Xu’s impact.
C．To introduce his reform.
D．To stress Xu’s wisdom.
7．Which of the following best describes Xu?
A．Modest and insightful.
B．Considerate and cautious.
C．Creative and open-minded.
D．Dedicated and passionate.
【答案】
4．C
5．A
6．B
7．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向读者介绍了著名翻译家许渊冲先生在诗歌翻译方面的成就以
及他的影响力。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Xu Yuanchong, a well-known Chinese translator, has striven to convey the
beauty of ancient Chinese poetry throughout his life.( 著名中文翻译家许渊冲一生都致力于传达中国古代诗歌
的美)”第四段的“Since 1978, Xu has published more than 100 translated novels, anthologies (选集) and plays in
Chinese(自 1978 年以来，许已经出版了 100 多部中文翻译小说、选集和戏剧)”以及“Most notably, he translated
Chinese poems into rhymed verses in both English and French. (最值得注意的是，他把中文诗歌翻译成英语和法
语的押韵诗歌。)”可知许渊冲以其翻译过的押韵诗而闻名。故选 C 项。
5．词句猜测题。根据第五段的“He has dedicated his life to “[translating] beautifully”. For him, English is a
“scientific” language that demands accuracy, while Chinese is an “artistic” language that includes a wider range of
content. Following this principle, Xu not only keeps faithfulness in sense but beauty in sensibility in his
translation. (他一生都致力于“优美的翻译”。对他来说，英语是一种要求准确的“科学”语言，而汉语是一种包
含更广泛内容的“艺术”语言。按照这一原则，徐在翻译中不仅保持忠诚，而且保持感性的美)”可知，他不仅
仅致力于翻译要忠实原文的意义，还力求保持翻译出诗歌细腻的美。因此推断，许对于他的作品很讲究。
故划线词与 Particular 意为“讲究的，挑剔的”意思相近。故选 A 项。
6．推理判断题。根据第六段的“Through Xu’s translations, time-honored Chinese wisdom has made an impact
on Western societies and the world at large.( 通过许的翻译，历史悠久的中国智慧对西方社会和整个世界产生
了影响)”以及接下来第七段的“For instance”可推断，举例子是为了阐明他的作品在西方社会和世界有很大的
影响力。故选 B 项。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Having made such great achievements, the 100-year-old remains diligent.
（在取得了如此伟大的成就之后，这位 100 岁的老人仍然很勤奋）”以及倒数第一段的“Translation is a means
of communicating with the writer’s soul. A sudden flicker (闪现) of [a] good word or [a] good line thrills every
pore (毛孔) and every inch of my skin(翻译是一种与作者的灵魂交流的手段。一个好词或一句好台词的突然的
闪现刺激我的每一个毛孔和每一寸皮肤)”可推断，许渊冲先生即使 100 岁高龄还每天要翻译作品，并且他认
为翻译是与作者的灵魂交流的方式，突然的灵光闪现的感觉非常美妙，由此可见他对翻译事业的奉献和热
爱。故选 D。
十一、（广东省清远市 2021 届高三模拟）
A calorie deficit is a state in which you burn more calories than you consume. As one of the most popular
approaches of losing weight, how does it work? For example, if you burn 2,500 calories per day but only eat 2,000，
you have created a deficit of 500 calories per day. There is mathematical certainty. But, this by no means tells the
whole story about how calories deficit affects our lives.
Before wondering what a calorie deficit is, it’s probably best to learn what a calorie is. A calorie is a unit that
we use to track our body’s energy expenditure (消耗) and storage. In order to just stay alive, human beings (and
animals) burn calories. This means, even before we perform any activity, our bodies are already using energy
(measured in calories) to keep us alive. Around 70% of the calories we consume are spent on just keeping our vital
organs running. Thus, if a person consumes calories far more less than needed to look thin，it may have negative
effects on the body.
When people pick up a calorie deficit, they often merely note that the calorie math is irrefutable (无可辩驳的).
The question here is that not all calories are the same. If you eat a few bags of potato chip worth of calories to
support the calorie intake needed to maintain or cut down on your weight, it will work. But, this doesn’t have the
same effect on your body and overall health as a balanced nutritional meal containing the same amount of calories.
It seems like a simple unit of energy has become an object of our society’s obsession. It needn't be that way.
Remember, calorie deficits are just a tool, which serves a purpose in losing some weight and keeping track of your
calorie intake seems simple enough.
8．What do we know about the calorie deficit?
A．It helps people lose weight.
B．It is a way of doing exercises.
C．It affects people's lives positively.
D．It means the calories people consume.
9．Which of the following statements can be learned in Paragraph 2?
A．A calorie is a unit to store daily energy.
B．People need to burn calories to be alive.
C．Calorie intake is to keep our organs operating.
D．Living animals only burn calories after activities.
10．What is suggested for people to lose weight healthily?
A．Focusing on the calorie math when eating.
B．Focusing on different calories when eating.
C．Having bags of potato chips containing enough calories.
D．Having balanced nutritional diets containing proper calories.
11．What is the text mainly about?
A．Influences of calorie deficits. B．Approaches to lose weight.
C．Distinctions between calories. D．Ways to track calorie intake.
【答案】
8．A
9．B
10．D
11．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了卡路里的定义以及告诉我们不能仅仅看卡路里的数值，不能
对于这样的能量单位太过痴迷。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“A calorie deficit is a state in which you burn more calories than you consume. As
one of the most popular approaches of losing weight”（卡路里不足是指你燃烧的卡路里多于你摄入的卡路里。
作为最流行的减肥方法之一）可知，卡路里不足可以减肥。故选 A 项。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“In order to just stay alive, human beings (and animals) burn calories.”（为了生
存，人类(和动物)需要燃烧卡路里。）可知，人需要燃烧卡路里才能活着。故选 B 项。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If you eat a few bags of potato chip worth of calories to support the calorie
intake needed to maintain or cut down on your weight, it will work. But, this doesn’t have the same effect on your
body and overall health as a balanced nutritional meal containing the same amount of calories.”（如果你吃了几袋
薯片所含的热量来支持你维持体重或减少体重所需要的热量摄入，它会起作用的。但是，它对你的身体和
整体健康的影响并不像含有相同热量的均衡营养餐那样大。）可知，作者建议食用含有适当的热量，营养
均衡的饮食来减肥。故选 D 项。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But, this by no means tells the whole story about how calories deficit affects
our lives.”（但是，这并不能说明卡路里不足是如何影响我们的生活的。）及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述
了卡路里不足带来的影响。故选 A 项。
十二、（广东省清远市 2021 届高三模拟）
A tiny Alaska village has experienced a boom in tourism in recent years as polar bears spend more time on
land than on Arctic sea ice.
More than 2,000 people visited the northern Alaska village of Kaktovik in 2018 to see polar bears in the wild.
The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice,
the primary habitat(栖息地) of polar bears. As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf,
more bears are remaining on land to look for food.
Polar bears have always been a common sight on sea ice near Kaktovik, but villagers started noticing a change
in the mid-1990s. More bears seemed to stay on land, and researchers began taking note of more female bears
making homes in the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their babies. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service
biologists began hearing reports of the increasing number of polar bears in the area in the early 2000s. As more
attention was given to the plight (困境)of polar bears about a decade ago, more tourists started heading to
Kaktovik.
The village had fewer than 50 visitors annually before 2011, said Jennifer Reed, of the Arctic National
Wildlife Refuge. "Today we’re talking about hundreds and hundreds of visitors, many from around the world each
year," Reed said. Most tourists visit in the fall, when bears are forced toward land because sea ice is farthest away
from the shore. Bruce Inglangasak, a local hunter who sometimes offers wildlife-viewing tours, said been offering
polar bear tours since 2004. Most of his clients(客户) are from China and Europe, as well as from the lower 48 U. S.
states. Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels. The villagers have benefited a lot
from that. In turn, they provide more effective protection for polar bears with financial support from tourism
development.
12．What causes more polar bears to stay on land in Kaktovik?
A．Food shortage. B．Climate change.
C．Habitats, movement to shore. D．Their preference for land.
13．How did common people feel about more sight of bears on land?
A．Excited. B．Puzzled. C．Concerned. D．Shocked.
14．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Hotels in Kaktovik are in demand in autumn.
B．Kaktovik has about 50 visitors annually.
C．Inglangasak makes a living as a tour guide.
D．Tourism affects the balance of nature.
15．Which saying can describe the text?
A．The fittest can survive. B．After a storm comes a calm.
C．There is always opportunity in crisis. D．Every coin has two sides.
【答案】
12．B
13．C
14．A
15．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。气候变暖导致海冰融化，北极熊登陆，为阿拉斯加的一个小村庄带来了
巨大的人气，促进了当地旅游业发展，当地人又用旅游业的收入为北极熊提供积极的保护。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher
temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice, the primary habitat(栖息地) of polar bears. As ice has gradually
moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf, more bears are remaining on land to look for food.( 北极熊群
落位于一个温度越来越高的地区，这加速了海冰的移动，而海冰是北极熊的主要栖息地。随着冰逐渐移动
到大陆架以外的深水区，更多的熊留在陆地上寻找食物。)”可知，全球变暖加速了海冰融化，破坏了北极熊
原本的栖息地，越来越多的北极熊待在陆地上以寻找食物。故选 B。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段“More bears seemed to stay on land, and researchers began taking note of more
female bears making homes in the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their babies. ”(更多的熊似乎待在陆
地上，研究人员开始注意到更多的雌熊在陆地上的雪地里而不是在冰上安家来抚养它们的孩子。)和“As more
attention was given to the plight (困境)of polar bears about a decade ago, more tourists started heading to
Kaktovik.( 大约十年前，人们对北极熊的困境给予了更多的关注，更多的游客开始前往 Kaktovik。)”可知，
随着越来越多的北极熊出现在陆地上，研究人员、生物学家等也越来越多地关注北极熊所处的这一困境，
随后，更多游客前往 Kaktovik。由此可推知，大众对更多北极熊登陆现象表示关注。故选 C。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Most tourists visit in the fall(大多数游客在秋天参观)”及“Many
tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels.( 许多游客会在村里呆上几天，村里有两家小
旅馆。)”可知，大多数游客会选择在秋季去 Kaktovik 游览，而且很多游客会在这个小村庄待上几天，而这
个小村庄只有两个小旅馆，故可推知在秋季，Kaktovik 的旅馆很抢手。故选 A。
15．推理判断题。通读文章可知，并根据第一段“A tiny Alaska village has experienced a boom in tourism in
recent year's as polar bears spend more time on land than on Arctic sea ice.( 近年来，由于北极熊待在陆地上的时
间比待在北极海冰上的时间更长，阿拉斯加的一个小村庄迎来了一波旅游业热潮。)和第二段描述可知，因
为全球气候变暖，北极熊被迫登陆来寻找食物以生存下去，这本来是北极熊的困境，然而北极熊登陆却促
进了一个小村庄旅游业的发展，这对小村庄来说是一个机遇。再结合最后一段的“The villagers have benefited
a lot from that. In turn, they provide more effective protection for polar bears with financial support from tourism
development.”(村名们从旅游业中受益匪浅。反过来，他们用旅游业得来的财政支持为北极熊提供更有效的
保护)可推知，D 项 Every coin has two sides. “事物都有两面性”可以描述本文讲述的情况 。故选 D。
十三、（广东省梅州市 2021 届高三质检）
It's easy to understand why early humans domesticated (驯养)dogs as their new best friends, domesticated
dogs can guard against fierce animals and provide warmth during cold nights. But those benefits only come
following domestication. Despite more than a century of study, scientists have struggled to understand what caused
the domestication process in the first place.
A new theory given by Maria Lahtinen, a senior researcher, might be able to explain this puzzle. She made this
theory when studying die diet of late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers in Arctic and sub — Arctic. At that time, around
20,000 to 15,000 years ago, the world was buried in the coldest period of the last ice age. In cold environments then,
as today, humans tended to gain the majority of their food from animals. Nutritional deficiencies (缺失) came from
the absence of fat and carbohydrates (碳水化合物), not necessarily protein. Indeed, if humans cat too much meat,
they can develop protein poisoning and even die. "Because we humans are not fully adapted to an all-meat diet, we
simply cannot digest protein very well," Lahtinen says.
During the coldest years of the last ice age — and especially in lough Arctic and sub-Arctic winters —
reindeer, wild horses and other animals that humans killed for food would have been struggling to live. Using
previously published early fossil records, Lahtinen and her colleagues calculated that the game captured by people
in the Arctic and sub-Arctic during this time would have provided much more protein than they could have safely
consumed.
8．What has been confusing scientists in the past century?
A．How domesticated dogs benefited humans.
B．When humans began to domesticate dogs.
C．What led to dog domestication originally.
D．Why early humans made friends with clogs.
9．What will happen if one eats too much meat?
A．It can be fatal in a short period of time.
B．He will probably digest it very well.
C．He can develop carbohydrates poisoning.
D．He will survive the cold environment.
10．What does the underlined word "game” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．The fierce contests. B．The hunting activities.
C．Wild animals or birds. D．Some tricks or schemes.
11．What can be learned about the late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers from the last paragraph?
A．They struggled with wild horses.
B．They shared extra meat with dogs.
C．They struggled to live a good life.
D．They had trouble adapting to the cold environment.
【答案】
8．C
9．A
10．C
11．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。人类为什么会选择驯化狗作为宠物，尽管经过了一个多世纪的研究，科
学家们一直在努力理解最初是什么导致了驯化过程。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Domesticated dogs can guard against fierce animals and provide warmth
during cold nights. But those benefits only come following domestication. Despite more than a century of study,
scientists have struggled to understand what it was that caused the domestication process in the first place.(家养的
狗可以防止凶猛的动物，在寒冷的夜晚提供温暖。但这些好处只有在驯化之后才能产生。尽管经过了一个
多世纪的研究，科学家们一直在努力理解最初是什么导致了驯化过程)”可知，科学家想知道的是“为什么会
驯化狗”。故选 C。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Indeed, if humans cat too much meat, they can develop protein poisoning
and even die. (事实上，如果人类吃太多的肉，他们会产生蛋白质中毒，甚至死亡)”可知，如果一个人吃太多
的肉，短时间内是致命的。故选 A。
10．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段划线词前句“During the coldest years of the last ice age — and
especially in lough Arctic and sub-Arctic winters — reindeer, wild horses and other animals that humans killed for
food would have been struggling to live.(在上一个冰河期最寒冷的年份里，特别是在北极和亚北极地区的冬
天，人们猎杀的驯鹿、野马和其他动物为生存而挣扎)”可知，后文是人们捕捉的野生动物或鸟类可能提供了
证据。所以划线词 game 指的是“野生动物或鸟类”。故选 C。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Using previously published early fossil records, Lahtinen and her
colleagues calculated that the game captured by people in the Arctic and sub-Arctic during this time would have
provided much more protein than they could have safely consumed.(根据之前发表的早期化石记录，拉赫蒂宁和
她的同事们计算出，在这段时间里，北极和亚北极地区的人们捕获的游戏所提供的蛋白质要比他们能够安
全食用的多得多)”可推断，狩猎采集者努力过上好的生活。故选 B。
十四、（广东省梅州市 2021 届高三质检）
NO ONE EVER said science education was easy. Certainly the concepts we teach, like conservation of
momentum or quantum mechanics, can be hard to grasp. But what really complicates the attempt is that we' re also
trying to teach a deeper lesson at the same time — to help students understand the nature of science itself.
All too often, young people get the impression that science is about learning certain “laws" and then applying
them to different situations. After all, that's what we make them do on tests, to show that they've been doing the
work. But that’s not it at all. Science is the process of building these concepts through the collection of
experimental evidence.
And while I'm on it, let's call these concepts what they really are—not laws, but models. Science is all about
building and testing models. It's difficult to help students understand that aspect of science when we just give them
the models to begin with. Sure, in physics we often include historical or mathematical evidence to support big
ideas , but that often isn't enough.
Of course, we can't start from nothing. If students had to build their own models from the ground up, it would
be like trying to learn programming by inventing computers. As Isaac Newton is supposed to have said, we stand
on the shoulders of giants. We must take models built by others and go from there.
What I'd like to suggest is that this actually provides a great way into the adventure of science and an
opportunity to meet our objectives as educators. If you can create a situation that challenges students' assumptions
and produces conceptual conflict, that's a great opportunity for learning.
12．What is the misunderstanding of teaching science?
A．It's complicated. B．It focuses on the nature of science.
C．It's very difficult. D．It lies in leaching and testing “laws”.
13．Which way to teach science is highly recommended by the author?
A．Encouraging students to always start from nothing.
B．Providing students with some models to follow suit.
C．Guiding students to begin with models built by others.
D．0ffering students proof io support important concepts.
14．The author cites Isaac Newton's words to .
A．justify the experiment B．praise the statement
C．show the achievement D．support the argument
15．What is the best title of die passage?
A．The Best Way to Teach Science B．The Best Way of Concept Building
C．The Best Way to Learn Science D．The Best Way to Handle Concept Conflict
【答案】
12．D
13．C
14．D
15．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学的定义和年轻人对科学教育的一些认知误区，以及作
者认为最好的教科学的方法。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“All too often, young people get the impression that science is about learning
certain “laws" and then applying them to different situations. After all, that's what we make them do on tests, to
show that they've been doing the work. But that’s not it at all. (年轻人时常认为科学就是学习某些特定的“法
则”，然后把它们应用到不同的情况下。毕竟，这是我们让他们在考试中做的，以表明他们一直在努力。 但
事实并非如此)”可知，年轻人的认知误区是认为教科学就是教法则和验证法则，故选 D。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段“If students had to build their own models from the ground up, it would be like
trying to learn programming by inventing computers. As Isaac Newton is supposed to have said, we stand on the
shoulders of giants. We must take models built by others and go from there.(如果学生必须从头开始建立自己的
模型，这就像试图通过发明计算机来学习编程一样。正如 Isaac Newton 所说，我们站在巨人的肩膀上。我
们必须借鉴别人建立的模式，并以此为基础)”可知，作者认为让学生自己创建模型是件很难的事情，借鉴前
人已经建立的模型让学生一步步接触、学习并效仿才是最好的方法。故选 C。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段“Of course, we can't start from scratch.(我们当然不能从头开始)”以及“We
must take models built by others and go from there.(我们必须借鉴前人已经建立的模型并且从他们那里开始)”
可知，作者反对让学生平地筑高楼的方法，认为难度过大。而作者认为最好的方式是借鉴前人，从前人的
经验出发进行科研。牛顿的话意思是：我们站在巨人的肩膀上，即我们拥有很多可以参考的前人的经验和
结论、理论模型能够用来借鉴。可推知，作者引用牛顿的话是为了佐证自己的观点。故选 D。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“NO ONE EVER said science education was easy. Certainly the concepts we
teach, like conservation of momentum or quantum mechanics, can be hard to grasp. But what really complicates the
attempt is that we' re also trying to teach a deeper lesson at the same time — to help students understand the nature
of science itself. (从来没有人说过科学教育是容易的。 当然，我们教的概念，如动量守恒或量子力学，可能
很难掌握。 但真正让我们的尝试复杂化的是，我们同时也在试图教授更深刻的知识——帮助学生理解科学
本身的本质)”结合文章主要介绍了科学的定义和年轻人对科学教育的一些认知误区，以及作者认为最好的教
科学的方法。故 A 选项“教科学的最好方法”最符合文章标题。故选 A。
十五、（广东省珠海市 2021 届高三模拟）
The world’s hottest rainforest is located not in the Amazon or anywhere else you might expect, but inside
Biosphere (生物圈) 2, the experimental scientific research facility in the desert outside Tucson, Arizona. A recent
study of tropical trees planted there in the early 1990s reported a surprising result: They have withstood
temperatures higher than any likely to be experienced by tropical forests this century.
The study adds to a growing number of findings that are giving forest scientists something that’s been in short
supply lately : hope. Plants may have unexpected resources that could help them survive — and perhaps even
prosper — in a hotter, more carbon-rich future. And while tropical forests still face both human and natural threats,
some researchers believe terrible reports of their approaching decline due to climate change may have been
overstated.
“Biology is clever, ”says Scott Saleska, an ecologist at the University of Arizona in Tucson and co-leader of
the Biosphere 2 study. “It’s a lot smarter than our models yet represent.”
The last few years have seen a flood of alarming reports about forests and climate change’s effects on them.
Scientists have announced that the Amazon forest is no longer a reliable carbon sink; the Amazon rainforest may be
nearing a tipping point; tropical forests globally are already close to the hottest temperatures they can tolerate and
climate change is killing off old trees.
One thing is certainly true: Our fossil fuel emissions are creating a climate that humans have never seen and
trees haven’t experienced in a very long time.“We’re pushing tropical forests into temperatures they’ve never seen
since the Cretaceous — since there were dinosaurs,” says Abigail Swann, an ecologist and climate scientist at the
University of Washington in Seattle.
8．Where is the hottest rainforest located according to the article?
A．In the Amazon tropical forest. B．In a research facility in Arizona.
C．In the rainforest in Brazil. D．At the University of Arizona.
9．What can we conclude from the second paragraph?
A．Forest scientists still lack numbers of findings about rainforest.
B．Plants may not survive in hot and carbon rich future than expected.
C．Plants may survive in hotter and more carbon-rich environment.
D．People may overstate the climate change in the future.
10．How will the fossil fuel emissions change the climate?
A．We have never seen the climate change due to greenhouse.
B．The fossil fuel emissions may destroy the whole ecosystem.
C．The temperatures may reach as high as those in dinosaur period.
D．The fossil fuel emissions may create a climate plants can’t bear.
11．What may be the best title of the article?
A．The world’s hottest rainforest in the wild
B．Plants may die of fossil fuel emissions due to mankind
C．The Amazon forest is declining quickly in the future
D．Plants may stand hotter temperature than expected
【答案】
8．B
9．C
10．C
11．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍研究发现，植物可以忍受超过预期的高温。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The world’s hottest rainforest is located not in the Amazon or anywhere else
you might expect, but inside Biosphere (生物圈) 2, the experimental scientific research facility in the desert outside
Tucson, Arizona.(世界上最热的雨林并不在亚马逊或其他你可能想到的地方，而是在生物圈 2 号，亚利桑那
州图森市外沙漠中的实验科学研究设施)” 可知，最热的雨林位于亚利桑那州的一个研究机构。故选 B。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Plants may have unexpected resources that could help them survive — and
perhaps even prosper—in a hotter, more carbon-rich future.(植物可能拥有意想不到的资源，这些资源可以帮助
它们在更热、更富碳的未来生存——甚至繁荣)”可知，植物可以在更热、更富碳的环境中生存。故选 C。
10．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Our fossil fuel emissions are creating a climate that humans have never
seen and trees haven’t experienced in a very long time. “We’re pushing tropical forests into temperatures they’ve
never seen since the Cretaceous—since there were dinosaurs,” says Abigail Swann, an ecologist and climate
scientist at the University of Washington in Seattle.(我们的化石燃料排放正在创造一种人类从未见过、树木很久
都没有经历过的气候。“我们把热带雨林到温度他们从未见过自白垩纪以来一有恐龙,” 阿比盖尔斯万说,生态
学家和西雅图华盛顿大学的气候科学家)”可知，化石燃料排放使得温度可能会达到恐龙时期的温度。故选 C。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A recent study of tropical trees planted there in the early 1990s reported a
surprising result: They have withstood temperatures higher than any likely to be experienced by tropical forests this
century.(最近一项对 20 世纪 90 年代初在那里种植的热带树木的研究报告了一个令人惊讶的结果：它们经受
的温度比本世纪热带森林可能经受的任何温度都要高)”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍植物可以忍受超过预
期的高温。故选 D。
十六、（广东省珠海市 2021 届高三模拟）
For the first time in 10 years, the United States government has changed its guidance on how much exercise
people need to stay healthy and when they should start.
For children and teens
The new guidance states that the most important time for children to begin exercising is between the ages of 3
and 5. 16． That could be light activities, moderate activities, or even vigorous(剧烈的)activities.
Doctors say it is important to start young.They add that from birth to age 5, a child’s brain develops more than
at any other time in life. 17． Also, children who start exercising at a young age are more likely to establish healthy
behaviors they will continue into adulthood.
But that does not mean putting a small kid on a treadmill(跑步机)or other exercise equipment. 18． After all,
it's a kid’s nature to play freely and happily.
19． But it shouldn’t be less than one hour a day three times a week.Their activities should mostly be
aerobic(有氧的)exercise, such as biking, swimming or running, which can strengthen the heart and lungs.Such
exercise should also include muscle-and-bone-strengthening activities；such as climbing trees or playground
equipment and playing sports.
For adults
For adults, the guidelines recommend exercising 150 minutes a week. That could be walking, gardening,
dancing, etc.20． Experts say that even short amounts of aerobic exercise can provide health benefits, such as
lowering blood pressure, reducing anxiety and improving sleep.
A．Any kind of activity that gets people exercising will do.
B．Aerobic activity works only if it lasts for at least 10 minutes.
C．Simply giving a kid the time and space to play actively is enough.
D．Children above 5 can have a relatively shorter time for daily exercise.
E.Children in this age range require about three hours’ active activities daily.
F.Attaining the health benefits from exercise may be harder than earlier thought.
G.These developments have a 1asting effect on a child’s ability to succeed in life.
【答案】
16．E
17．G
18．C
19．D
20．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国政府对儿童、年轻人以及成年人锻炼时间新的指导要求。
16．横线前面一句中“the most important time for children to begin exercising is between the ages of 3 and 5.”
告诉我们儿童要在 3-5 岁之间开始锻炼。本句顺接上句说明此年龄段儿童所需要锻炼的具体时长，E 项
“Children in this age range require about three hours’ active activities daily.”内容与之吻合。故选择 E 项。
17．横线前面一句“They add that from birth to age 5，a child’s brain develops more than at any other time in
life.”告诉我们从出生到 5 岁之间，儿童的脑部要比其他任何时间发展得更多。而且这段时间的脑部发育对
儿童的影响更大，G 项“These developments have a 1asting effect on a child’s ability to succeed in life.”内容与上
下文吻合。故选择 G 项。
18．横线前一后“But that does not mean putting a small kid on a treadmill(跑步机)or other exercise
equipment.”和后一句“After all，it's a kid’s nature to play freely and happily.”告诉我们不必使用专用设备让孩子
锻炼，只需要让孩子自由快乐的玩耍即可。C 项“Simply giving a kid the time and space to play actively is
enough.”符合上下文语境。故选择 C 项。
19．横线后一句“But it shouldn’t be less than one hour a day three times a week.”告诉我们这一阶段孩子的
锻炼时间不能少于一周三次，每次不能少于一小时。文章 2、3 段介绍的是 5 岁的儿童所需要的锻炼时间，
本段说明的应该是 5 岁以上的孩子所需要的锻炼时间。D 项“Children above 5 can have a relatively shorter time
for daily exercise.”符合上下文语境。故选择 D 项。
20．本段前面两句“For adults，the guidelines recommend exercising 150 minutes a week. That could be
walking，gardening，dancing，etc.”告诉我们对于成年人来说一周锻炼 150 分钟即可，锻炼可以为散步、园
艺、跳舞等任何形式，只要动起来即可。A 项“Any kind of activity that gets people exercising will do.”符合上
下文语境。故选择 A 项。
十七、（河北省张家口市 2021 届高考三模）
When buying suitable plants for my garden, I would read the label carefully, which contains critical
information that can tell me whether the plant is likely to work for me.
The label tells me the plant's name, including both a common name, which is easy to remember, and a
botanical name, which is more precise and reliable. The botanical name is very useful as it's the key to finding more
information about the plant.
The label also states the plant's light needs. They can tell me that the plant needs full sun, full shade or part sun,
which are somewhere in between.
I will also find information about how much winter cold the plant can handle. This is usually expressed in
terms of the zones on a plant hardiness (耐寒性) map. My Chicago home is generally in Zone 5, with a few spots
near the lake in Zone 6. It's safe to buy plants that are hardy in Zone 5 or the colder Zones 4 and 3. Some labels
only show a temperature, such as 10 degrees below zero, which is the coldest air temperature the plant is believed
to be able to survive.
As an experienced gardener, I never forget to learn about the plant's size from the label. It tells me how tall and
wide the plant will eventually grow to be. This is especially critical information if I am shopping for trees because
just five or ten years later, that plant can outgrow its site.
There's a lot that plant labels don't tell me, for example, the soil a plant needs. Fortunately, I have a handy tool
to learn more: my phone. A quick search for the plant 's botanical name can bring me a wealth of information
beyond the label.
4．Why is a plant's botanical name important?
A．It's easy to remember.
B．It sounds formal and reliable.
C．It helps to understand the label.
D．It can be used to search for more information.
5．From the text we can see ________ suits the author's garden.
A．a plant that is tall and wide
B．a plant that is hardy in Zone 5
C．a plant that requires full sunshine
D．a plant that can survive at 10 degrees below zero
6．Where does the author get information about a plant’s suitable soil?
A．From the label.
B．From the Internet.
C．From a plant hardiness map.
D．From an experienced gardener.
7．Which word can best describe the author?
A．Thoughtful B．Curious. C．Determined. D．Particular.
【答案】
4．D
5．B
6．B
7．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了作者在为自己家的花园选择植物时会从标签上获得一些有用
的信息。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The botanical name is very useful as it's the key to finding more
information about the plant.”（这个植物学名称非常有用，因为它是找到关于该植物更多信息的关键。）可知，
一株植物的植物学名称非常重要因为它可以用来搜索更多的信息。故选 D。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段第三句和第四句“My Chicago home is generally in Zone 5, with a few spots near
the lake in Zone 6. It's safe to buy plants that are hardy in Zone 5 or the colder Zones 4 and 3.”（我在芝加哥的家一
般在第 5 区，在第 6 区有一些靠近湖的地方。在 5 区或寒冷的 4 区和 3 区购买耐寒的植物是安全的。）可
知，5 区耐寒的植物适合作者的花园。故选 B。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There's a lot that plant labels don't tell me, for example, the soil a plant needs.
Fortunately, I have a handy tool to learn more: my phone. A quick search for the plant 's botanical name can bring
me a wealth of information beyond the label.”（有很多东西植物标签没有告诉我，例如，植物需要的土壤。幸
运的是，我有一个方便的工具来学习更多：我的手机。快速搜索一种植物的植物学名称可以给我带来丰富
的标签以外的信息。）可知，作者从网上得知一株植物适合的土壤。故选 B。
7．推理判断题。根据第一段“When buying suitable plants for my garden, I would read the label carefully,
which contains critical information that can tell me whether the plant is likely to work for me.”（在购买适合我的
花园的植物时，我会仔细阅读标签，其中包含了重要的信息，可以告诉我这种植物是否适合我。）可知，
作者是一个细致周到的人。故选 A。
十八、（河北省张家口市 2021 届高考三模）
Coca-Cola is to test a paper bottle as part of a longer-term goal to get rid of plastic from its packaging entirely.
The prototype (样本) is made by a Danish company from an extra-strong paper shell that still contains a thin plastic
liner (衬垫). But the goal is to create a 100% recyclable, plastic free botte capable of preventing gas escaping from
carbonated (碳酸) drinks. The barrier must also ensure no fibers get into the liquid.
That may have a risk of changing the taste of the drink — or potentially can't meet the requirements of health
and safety checks. But industry giants (巨头) are backing the plan. Coca-Cola, for example, has set a goal of
producing zero waste by 2030. Coca-Cola was ranked the world's number one plastic polluter by charity group
Break Free From Plastic last year, closely followed by other drink-producers Pepsi and Nestle.
The Paper Bottle Company, or Paboco, is the Danish firm behind the development of the paper-based
container. Part of the challenge has been to create a structure capable of standing the forces exerted by carbonated
drinks — such as cola and beer — which are bottled under pressure. On top of that, the paper needs to be
mouldable to create distinct bottle shapes and sizes for different brands and take ink for printing their labels.
After more than seven years of lab work, the firm is now ready to host a trial in Hungary this summer of
Coca-Cola's fruit drink Adez. Initially, this will involve 2,000 bottles distributed via a local retail chain.
But it is also working with others. Absolut, the vodka maker, is due to test 2,000 paper bottles of its own in the
UK and Sweden of its pre-mixed, carbonated raspberry drink. And beer company Carlsberg is also building
prototypes of a paper beer bottle.
Michael Michelsen, the firm's commercial manager, says the bottles are formed out of a single piece of
paper-fiber-based material to give them strength.
8．What is the longer-term goal of Coca-Cola company?
A．To stop using plastic in its packaging.
B．To produce drinks of alternative tastes.
C．To expand business in European countries.
D．To use paper bottles with a thin plastic liner.
9．What can be inferred from the text?
A．Coca-Cola has very strong competitors.
B．Some industry giants are in favor of plastic free packaging.
C．Carbonated drinks are facing stricter health and safety checks.
D．The paper bottle company is under pressure from environmentalists.
10．What does the underlined word “mouldable” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Being hard to be printed on.
B．Being able to be strengthened.
C．Being able to be made into different shapes.
D．Being able to be mixed with other materials.
11．What is the best title for the text?
A．Coca-Cola Takes the Lead to Go Green
B．Paper Bottles Are in Place for the Market
C．Drink Industry Is Turning to Paper Bottles
D．Paper Bottle Companies Spring up Worldwide
【答案】
8．A
9．B
10．C
11．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可口可乐等生产饮品和啤酒的公司测试纸质饮料瓶的情
况。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Coca-Cola is to test a paper bottle as part of a longer-term goal to get rid of
plastic from its packaging entirely.（可口可乐公司将测试一个纸瓶，作为一个长期目标的一部分，以彻底清除
包装中的塑料。）”以及“But the goal is to create a 100% recyclable, plastic free botte capable of preventing gas
escaping from carbonated drinks.（但他们的目标是创造一种 100%可回收、不含塑料的瓶子，能够防止碳酸饮
料中的气体溢出。）”可知，可口可乐公司的长期目标是停止在包装中使用塑料。故选 A 项。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“But industry giants are backing the plan.（但行业巨头们支持这个计
划。）”和文章倒数第二段中的例子“And beer company Carlsberg is also building prototypes of a paper beer bottle.
（而啤酒公司嘉士伯也在制造纸制啤酒瓶的原型。）”可推知，一些行业巨头赞成无塑料包装。故选 B 项。
10．词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的内容“to create distinct bottle shapes and sizes for different brands（为
不同品牌创造不同的瓶子形状和大小）”可知，此处意为纸需要能创造不同的瓶子形状和大小，可推知，
mouldable 意为“可塑的”，即代指纸可以被做成不同的形状。故选 C 项。
11．主旨大意题。结合本文大意以及文章第三段“Part of the challenge has been to create a structure capable
of standing the forces exerted by carbonated drinks — such as cola and beer — which are bottled under pressure.
（部分挑战在于，要创造一种结构，能够承受在压力下装瓶的碳酸饮料(如可乐和啤酒)所施加的压力。）”
可知，本文主要介绍了一些饮料和啤酒公司在测试纸质饮料瓶方面所做的努力。C 项“饮料行业正在转向纸
瓶”符合文意，适合作为本文标题。故选 C 项。
十九、（河北省张家口市 2021 届高考三模）
In 2012, Miyashita, a scientist at Meiji University in Tokyo, developed an “electric fork” that was originally
intended to improve the flavor of hospital food—the idea being to make food taste saltier, for instance, without
actually adding salt.
That was an early step for Miyashita, who had bigger plans. His new invention, the Taste Display, could
reproduce any flavor one might care to think of.
The human tongue has separate receptors for detecting sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami. Miyashita's device
has five different gels (胶体),each containing an electrolyte solution (电解液) that causes the tongue to sense one
of those flavors. Each gel is connected to a separate electric current, and the taste associated with that gel weakens
when the current is turned up. By adjusting the current strengths for the gels, which can be done automatically, the
taste of a chocolate milkshake or a sirloin steak or any other desired treat can be experienced through the use of this
device.
The Taste Display initially took the form of a rod (棒) that resembles a hand —held microphone with a surface
that s designed to be licked (舔) rather than talked into. But Miyashita already has an early version of a mask,
which affords a user continuous contact with the flavor giving surface, as part of a virtual reality system. He also
has developed a "lickable screen" that can be incorporated onto a cell phone, allowing a person to watch cooking
shows while tasting various samples.
Miyashita is exploring a new way of taste recording perhaps through the use of a device that can be dipped
into food, giving quick readouts of the flavors. A portable “salt meter” like this already exists, and it could be
adapted to measure other flavors too. “Within 10 years,” he predicts, “we should be able to instantly record and
reproduce taste information.”
12．What is Miyashita's new invention?
A．A salt—meter. B．An electric fork.
C．A flavor reproducer. D．An electrolyte solution.
13．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．How the new invention works.
B．What it is like to experience desired flavors.
C．What are the functions of the human tongue.
D．How to adjust the current strengths for the gels.
14．Which version of Miyashita's invention can be part of a cell phone?
A．The mask. B．The lickable screen.
C．The microphone like rod. D．The taste producing gels.
15．What can be inferred about Miyashita?
A．He used to be a doctor.
B．He has a special taste for food.
C．He enjoys watching cooking shows.
D．He is an ambitious and creative person.
【答案】
12．C
13．A
14．B
15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了日本科学家 Miyashita 在研制记录和复制味道的装置方面所取得
的进展。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“His new invention, the Taste Display, could reproduce any flavor
one might care to think of.”（他的新发明——Taste Display，可以复制人们可能会想到任何口味。）可知，
Miyashita 的新发明是一个口味复制机。故选 C。
13．段落大意题。根据第三段第二句到最后“Miyashita's device has five different gels (胶体),each containing
an electrolyte solution (电解液) that causes the tongue to sense one of those flavors. Each gel is connected to a
separate electric current, and the taste associated with that gel weakens when the current is turned up. By adjusting
the current strengths for the gels, which can be done automatically, the taste of a chocolate milkshake or a sirloin
steak or any other desired treat can be experienced through the use of this device.”（Miyashita 的设备有五种不同
的凝胶，每一种都含有一种电解质溶液，可以让舌头感知其中一种味道。每一种凝胶都与单独的电流相连，
当电流增大时，与凝胶相关的味道就会减弱。通过调整凝胶的电流强度(这可以自动完成)，通过使用该设备
可以体验巧克力奶昔或西冷牛排或任何其他想要的美食的味道。）可知，第三段主要是讲新发明的工作方
式。故选 A。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“He also has developed a "lickable screen" that can be incorporated
onto a cell phone, allowing a person to watch cooking shows while tasting various samples.（他还开发了一种“可
舔的屏幕”，可装在以手机上，让人们一边观看烹饪节目，一边品尝各种各样的样品。）可知，Miyashita 的
发明的“可舔的屏幕”可以装在手机上。故选 B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Miyashita is exploring a new way of taste recording perhaps through the use
of a device that can be dipped into food, giving quick readouts of the flavors.”（Miyashita 正在探索一种记录味道
的新方法，也许是使用一种可以蘸入食物的设备，快速读出食物的味道。）可知，以及“Within 10 years,” he
predicts, “we should be able to instantly record and reproduce taste information.”Within 10 years,” he predicts, “we
should be able to instantly record and reproduce taste information.””（他预测，在 10 年内，“我们应该能够即时
记录和再现味觉信息。”）可知，Miyashita 是一个有野心和创造力的人。故选 D。
二十、（湖北省黄冈市 2021 届高三一模）
French children 15 and under will no longer be allowed to bring smart devices to school. Lawmakers in France
voted recently to ban all phones, tablets, and other Internet-connected devices from school grounds. The ban will
start in September, “These days, the children don't play at break time anymore,” Jean-Michel Blanquer, France's
education minister, said. “They are just all in front of their smartphones, and from an educational point of view,
that's a problem. Some strict measures must be taken immediately.” A 2010 law bad already banned smartphones
during "all teaching activity" in France. But the new rules say smartphones and tablets are not allowed even during
breaks. Students who bring these digital devices to school have to keep them in their backpacks and turned off, If
they want to call their parents, schools will help. However, the new law doesn’t forbid students to turn to them
during extra-curricular activities. It also makes an exception for disabled students.
Alexis Corbiere is a French politician. He said the effort to make such a law should have been put to
something else because teachers have already carried out this rule so far. “I don't know a single teacher in this
country that allows the use of phones in class and in school, ” he told French news channel BFMTV.
How about smartphones in American schools?According to a study by the National Center for Education
Statistics, about 66% of public schools banned devices in 2019, which was down from 91% in 2009. Why the
change? Liz Kolb, a professor at the University of Michigan School of Education, said that parents are concerned
about security in schools. "In the rare case that something may occur, " she said, "the belief by some parents is that
a cell phone could be a useful tool for safety."
4．What does the underlined word "them" in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Disabled students.
B．Digital devices.
C．Backpacks.
D．Students' parents.
5．How does Alexis Corbiere feel about the new ban on smartphones?
A．It's unnecessary.
B．It's rewarding.
C．It's impossible.
D．It's unexpected.
6．What can we say about the smartphone use in American schools?
A．It's made a comeback.
B．It's helped parents a lot.
C．It's done good to students.
D．It's followed the French ban.
7．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Students Must Turn off Smartphones.
B．Digital Devices Won't Be Popular.
C．France Makes the Call in School.
D．Parents Value Children's Safety.
【答案】
4．B
5．A
6．A
7．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了智能设备尤其是手机的盛行给学生带来的严重影响，法国最近
通过了一项新的法令：禁止 15 岁以下的学生在校使用手机，哪怕在休息时也不可以使用。由此引发了一些
人不同的看法。
4．词义猜测题。第一段中划线词句上一句“Students who bring these digital devices to school have to keep
them in their backpacks and turned off, if they want to call their parents, schools will help.(把这些数码设备带到
学校的学生必须把它们放在书包里，并关掉，如果他们想给父母打电话，学校会提供帮助)”说明学生可以把
这些数码设备带到学校关掉不能使用，再根据划线词句“However, the new law doesn’t forbid students to turn to
them during extra-curricular activities.(然而，新法律并不禁止学生在课外活动中求助于 them)”转折的语义可以
推断，划线单词“them”指代上文的“数码设备”。故选 B 项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中“He said the effort to make such a law should have been put to something else
because teachers have already carried out this rule so far.(他说，制定这样一项法律的努力应该放在其他方面，
因为到目前为止，教师们已经执行了这项规定)”以及 Alexis Corbiere 所说“I don't know a single teacher in this
country that allows the use of phones in class and in school.(我不知道这个国家有哪位老师允许在课堂和学校里
使用手机)”可以推断， Alexis Corbiere 认为没有必要制定对智能手机的新法令。故选 A 项。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“According to a study by the National Center for Education Statistics, about
66% of public schools banned devices in 2019, which was down from 91% in 2009.(美国国家教育统计中心的一
项研究显示，2019 年约 66%的公立学校禁止使用电子设备，较 2009 年的 91%有所下降)”可知，在美国 2009
年, 禁用手机的学校占 91%, 但到了 2019 年, 该数字降到了 66%。由此可知，在美国学校使用手机现象又
回归了。故选 A 项。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“French children 15 and under will no longer be allowed to bring
smart devices to school. Lawmakers in France voted recently to ban all phones, tablets, and other
Internet-connected devices from school grounds.(法国 15 岁及以下的儿童将不再被允许携带智能设备上学。法
国议员最近投票禁止所有手机、平板电脑和其他联网设备进入学校)”可知，本文主要介绍了法国最近通过新
法令在学校严格推行禁用手机等电子设备：15 岁以下的学生在学校即使在休息时也不能使用手机。选项 C“法
国在学校发出了号召（禁用手机）”突出主题，简明扼要，适合做标题。故选 C 项。
二十一、（湖北省黄冈市 2021 届高三一模）
Starting March 1, 2020, people in Luxembourg no longer have to pay to ride public transportation. The
country has made all of its trains, buses, and trams(电车) free to ride.
Luxembourg is the first country to give riders a free pass. Luxembourg only has about 600, 000 people. But
the country has a big traffic problem. Around 200, 000 people come into Luxembourg from the countries around it
every day for work. The problem is worst in the capital, Luxembourg City. Only 110, 000 people live there, but
about 400, 000 more come to work there every day. During rush hours, some trips that should normally take 30
minutes can take an hour or longer.
The government of Luxembourg hopes that by making transportation free, many more people will start taking
buses, trains, and trams instead of driving. This would cut down on traffic. And they hope this will help
Luxembourg pollute less, too. The government also wants to make it easier for poor people to get around. Before
the free system, a single ride cost about 2, and a yearly pass cost 440. The new law only affects regular seating.
Riders who want to go first class must still pay.
Some people doubt the measure. People in Luxembourg really like their cars. The country has 662 cars for
every 1, 000 people, while the average in the European Union is just 468 cars for 1, 000 people. Some people
believe that the country's transportation system simply isn't ready for huge numbers of new riders. What they are
concerning is that without more money coming in from riders, it could be difficult for the country to improve its
system. However, the government's plans call for spending 3.9 billion between 2018 and 2028 to improve its train
system. The country also plans to make its bus system better, and make it easier for people from other countries to
park their cars and catch a ride into the country.
8．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?
A．The cars in Luxembourg City.
B．Rush hours in Luxembourg City.
C．The heavy traffic in Luxembourg.
D．Luxembourg's rapid development.
9．How many purposes does the text mention about the free ride pass in Luxembourg?
A．2. B．3.
C．4. D．5.
10．What can we learn about people in Luxembourg from paragraph 4?
A．Many of them really like cars.
B．Many of them enjoy travelling.
C．Most of them want the free pass.
D．Most of them are rich and busy.
11．What is some people's worry?
A．More people will come into Luxembourg.
B．Fewer people will take first class to travel.
C．The transportation system can't improve.
D．People will have to pay for traffic systems.
【答案】
8．C
9．B
10．A
11．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了卢森堡拥挤的交通现状，以及其原因和未来对交通改造提出的
想法。
8．段落大意题。通读第二段，结合本段中“But the country has a big traffic problem.(但是它有严重的交通
问题。)”及“During rush hours, some trips that should normally take 30 minutes can take an hour or longer.(在交通
高峰时段，一些通常需要 30 分钟的行程可能要花上一个小时甚至更久。)”可知，本段主要讲述卢森堡拥挤
的交通。故选 C 项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The government of Luxembourg hopes that by making transportation free,
many more people will start taking buses, trains, and trams instead of driving. This would cut down on traffic. And
they hope this will help Luxembourg pollute less, too. The government also wants to make it easier for poor people
to get around.(卢森堡的政府希望通过交通免费，更多的人将开始乘坐公共汽车、火车和电车，而不是开车。
这将减少交通。他们希望这也能帮助卢森堡减少污染。政府还想让穷人出行更方便。)”可知，这一举措有 3
个目的，即缓解交通、保护环境和为穷人着想。故选 B 项。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“People in Luxembourg really like their cars. The country has 662 cars for
every 1, 000 people, while the average in the European Union is just 468 cars for 1, 000 people.(卢森堡的人们非
常喜欢自己的车。该国每千人拥有 662 辆汽车，而欧盟的平均水平仅为每千人 468 辆。)”可知，许多卢森堡
人很喜欢车。故选 A 项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“What they are concerning is that without more money coming in from riders,
it could be difficult for the country to improve its system.(他们所担心的是，如果没有更多来自乘客的收入，该
国可能很难改善其系统。)”可推知，一些人担心交通系统无法改善。故选 C 项。
二十二、（湖北省黄冈市 2021 届高三一模）
Perfumes, soaps, and other products often contain special smells called fragrances. Fragrances are often not
natural smells, but they're meant to be pleasant. Fragrances can strongly affect those who smell them. Though some
people are sensitive to the smells, hoping the smells will be ridded some day, creating and selling fragrances brings
in about ＄48 billion every year across the globe, causing some companies to take advantage of computers and
other high-tech methods to help them. Many universities specially have the major for creating fragrances, which
many students are eager to take.
IBM is a computer company whose Artificial Intelligence (AI) system for fragrances is called Philyra that
can't actually smell, but can use lots of different information to find and act on new patterns. The information
Philyra needs comes from a German company Symrise. Symrise has derailed information on all kinds of materials
used to make perfumes. It also has about 1.7 million different formulas—special recipes for making fragrances, and
it is also able to give Philyra information about what kinds of smells people like. For example, the kinds of smells
most liked by men, women, or people in different age groups or in different countries.
O Boticario, Brazil's second-largest beauty store, asked IBM to come up with two new perfumes that
millennials(千禧二代) would like. So Philyra began creating new formulas based on patterns it spotted in the
information about different materials, different formulas and the kinds of fragrances people like. Philyra came up
with many formulas very quickly. The master perfumer David Apel worked with the AI, and he said that the way
Philyra combined different spices(香料) with milk and butter was something that he would never have thought of
doing. When O Boticario tried out the new perfumes on groups of millennials, they were very popular. They even
beat out some famous perfumes. The new special perfumes will go on sale soon this year.
12．What do we know about creating and selling fragrances from paragraph 1?
A．It's being done by computers.
B．It's a big business in the world.
C．It's been directed by AI system.
D．It will disappear sooner or later.
13．What does Symrise specialize in doing?
A．Making fragrances for IBM.
B．Offering fragrance information.
C．Using AI to create various smells.
D．Developing AI system for fragrances.
14．Which of the following can best describe O Boticrio's new perfumes?
A．Unnoticed fragrances.
B．Expert favored.
C．Personal smells.
D．AI-created.
15．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Entertainment.
B．Health.
C．Education.
D．Technology.
【答案】
12．B
13．B
14．D
15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一款人工智能创造的新香水。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Though some people are sensitive to the smells, hoping the smells will be
ridded some day, creating and selling fragrances brings in about ＄48 billion every year across the globe, causing
some companies to take advantage of computers and other high-tech methods to help them.(尽管有些人对气味很
敏感，希望有朝一日能消除这种气味，但制造和销售香水每年在全球带来约 480 亿美元的收入，导致一些
公司利用电脑和其他高科技手段来帮助他们。)”可知，根据第一段我们知道生产和销售香水是世界上的大生
意。故选 B 项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Symrise has derailed information on all kinds of materials used to make
perfumes. It also has about 1.7 million different formulas—special recipes for making fragrances, and it is also able
to give Philyra information about what kinds of smells people like.(Symrise 已经破坏了所有用于制造香水的材
料的信息。它还有大约 170 万种不同的配方﹣﹣制作香水的特殊配方，它还能够向 Philyra 提供人们喜欢什
么样的气味的信息。)”可知，Symrise 专门提供香味信息的。故选 B 项。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The master perfumer David Apel worked with the AI, and he said that the
way Philyra combined different spices(香料) with milk and butter was something that he would never have thought
of doing.(香水大师 David Apel 与人工智能一起工作，他说 Philyra 将不同的香料与牛奶和黄油混合的方式是
他从未想过要做的事情。)”可知，O Boticrio 是人工智能创造的新香水。故选 D 项。
15．推理判断题。阅读全文，结合第二段首句“IBM is a computer company whose Artificial Intelligence (AI)
system for fragrances is called Philyra that can't actually smell, but can use lots of different information to find and
act on new patterns.(IBM 是一家电脑公司，它的人工智能香水系统被称为 Philyra，它不能闻气味，但可以使
用很多不同的信息来发现新的模式，并对其采取行动。)”可知，本文主要介绍了一款人工智能创建的新香水，
是和科技相关的文章，所以会出现在科技板块。故选 D 项。
二十三、（湖北省襄阳四中 2021 届高三二模）
Bricks are one of the oldest known building materials, dating back thousands of years. But researchers at
Washington University in St. Louis have found a new use for bricks: as energy storage units. A team of engineers
and chemists have found a way to transform an ordinary house brick into a “battery”—allowing it to conduct and
store electricity. The bricks are powerful enough to light up an LED bulb, and cost only about 3 dollars to make.
“I love the idea of adding value to things that are inexpensive, things that are affordable, things that we kind of
take for granted,” says Julio D'Arcy, who is an assistant professor of chemistry at Washington University and one of
the researchers on this project.
The brick-battery relies on the reddish pigment known as iron oxide, or rust, which gives red bricks their color.
The scientists pumped the bricks with several gases that react with iron oxide to produce a network of plastic fibers.
These small fibers coat the empty spaces inside the bricks — and conduct electricity.
What the researchers are trying to do is to make specialized plastics that are only used on the nanoscale where
they use very little of the plastic and they can actually fix that plastic firmly inside construction materials.
In the future, D'Arcy says, a brick wall could potentially serve a dual purpose: providing structural support and
storing electricity generated from renewable energy sources, such as solar panels.
The technology is still at least a few years away from being ready for the commercial market. And right now,
the energy storage capacity of the bricks is still pretty low—about 1 percent of a lithium ion battery. But the team is
now testing ways to improve brick performance. hoping to make a breakthrough and practical application to better
the seemingly ordinary construction materials as soon as possible.
8．What new function has been found in house bricks?
A．They can serve as a power plant. B．They can take the place of plastics.
C．They can save a lot of energy. D．They can reserve electricity.
9．What can we infer about the plastic fibers?
A．They arc pumped into bricks. B．They must be tiny in size.
C．They cover the surface of bricks. D．They react with iron oxide.
10．Brick batteries are still in the experimental stage because .
A．their capacity is still low B．their cost is very high
C．they make no profits D．they are not safe enough
11．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Construction Turns Smart B．High Tech Develops Fast
C．Old Bricks Play New Tricks D．Buildings Become Greener
【答案】
8．D
9．B
10．A
11．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发现了砖块的一种新用途：作为能量储存单元，
他们想出了一个办法，可以把普通的砖块变成“电池”，使其导电和储存电能。文章介绍了这种砖电池的工作
原理和未来的用途以及如今仍然存在的问题。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have found a new use
for bricks: as energy storage units. A team of engineers and chemists have found a way to transform an ordinary
house brick into a “battery”—allowing it to conduct and store electricity. The bricks are powerful enough to light
up an LED bulb, and cost only about 3 dollars to make. (但是圣路易斯华盛顿大学的研究人员发现了砖块的一
种新用途：作为能量储存单元。一个由工程师和化学家组成的团队找到了一种方法，可以将普通的砖块变
成“电池”，使其导电和储存电能。这种砖块的能量足以点亮一个 LED 灯泡，制造成本仅为 3 美元左右)”可
知，房屋砖的新功能是可以储备电力。故选 D。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The scientists pumped the bricks with several gases that react with iron oxide
to produce a network of plastic fibers. These small fibers coat the empty spaces inside the bricks — and conduct
electricity. (科学家们向砖块中注入几种气体，这些气体与氧化铁反应，产生塑料纤维网络。这些细小的纤维
覆盖在砖块内部的空隙上，并能导电)”可推知，塑料纤维尺寸很小。故选 B。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“And right now, the energy storage capacity of the bricks is still pretty
low—about 1 percent of a lithium ion battery. (目前，这种电池的能量储存能力仍然很低——大约只有锂离子电
池的 1%)”可知，砖电池还处于实验阶段，因为它们的容量还很低。故选 A。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have found a new use
for bricks: as energy storage units. A team of engineers and chemists have found a way to transform an ordinary
house brick into a “battery”—allowing it to conduct and store electricity. The bricks are powerful enough to light
up an LED bulb, and cost only about 3 dollars to make. (但是圣路易斯华盛顿大学的研究人员发现了砖块的一
种新用途：作为能量储存单元。一个由工程师和化学家组成的团队找到了一种方法，可以将普通的砖块变
成“电池”，使其导电和储存电能。这种砖块的能量足以点亮一个 LED 灯泡，制造成本仅为 3 美元左右)”结
合文章介绍了这种砖电池的工作原理和未来的用途以及如今仍然存在的问题。可知，C 选项“旧砖出新花样”
最符合文章标题。故选 C。
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