专题 02 阅读理解之说明文（二）
一、（江苏省南京大学附中 2021 届高三模拟）
It is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socio-economic backgrounds tend to do fess well
in the education system. In an attempt to help the children of poor families, a nationwide program called
“Headstart” was started in the US in 1965. A lot of money was poured into it. It Look children into pre-school
institutions at the age of three and was supposed to help them succeed in school. But the results have been
disappointing because the program began too late. Many children who entered it at three were already behind their
peers in language and intelligence and the parents were not involved in the process. At the end of each day,
“Headstart” children returned to the same disadvantaged home environment.
To improve the results, another program was started in Missouri that concentrated on parents as the child’s
first teachers. This program was based on research showing that working with the family is the most effective way
of helping children get the best possible start in life. The four-year study included 380 families who were about to
have their first child and represented different socio-economic status, age and family structure. The program
involved trained educators visiting and working with the parent or parents and the child. The program also gave the
parents some guidance, and useful skills on child development.
At three, the children involved in the “Missouri” program were evaluated with the children selected from the
same socio-economic backgrounds and family situations. The results were obvious. The children in the program
were more advanced in language development, problem solving and other intellectual skills than their peers. They
performed equally well regardless of socio-economic backgrounds or family structure. The one factor that was
found to affect the child’s development was the poor quality of parent-child interaction. That interaction was not
necessarily bad in poorer families.
The “Missouri” program compares quite distinctly with the “Headstart” program. Without a similar focus of
parent education and on the vital importance of the first three years, some evidence indicates that it will not be
enough to overcome education unfairness.
8．What caused the failure of the “Headstart” program?
A．The large number of poor families.
B．The disapproval from children.
C．The late start of the program.
D．The long period of time.
9．What do we know about the “Missouri” program?
A．It focused on the children’s first school teachers.
B．It helped the children return to the same home.
C．It made the children improved in many aspects.
D．It gave the parents advice on their development.
10．According to the passage, what is likely to influence children s performance?
A．The number of family members.
B．The teacher-student relationship.
C．The intelligence of their parents.
D．The parent-child communication.
11．How does the author develop the passage?
A．By listing figures. B．By making comparisons.
C．Ry presenting ideas. D．By drawing conclusions.
【答案】
8．C
9．C
10．D
11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。人们普遍认为，社会经济背景较差的年轻人在教育系统中表现较好。为了
帮助贫困家庭的孩子，美国于 1965 年启动了一项名为“先驱者”的全国性计划。但是由于起步太晚计划失败。
为了提高教学效果，密苏里州启动了另一个项目，重点是让家长成为孩子的启蒙老师。经过研究发现，影
响儿童发展的一个因素是亲子互动质量差。
8．细节理解题。根据第一句倒数第三句 But the results have been disappointing because the program began
too late.可知项目失败的原因是开始得太迟了，故选 C。
9．推理判断题。第三段第三句 The children in the program were more advanced in language development,
problem solving and other intellectual skills than their peers. 参加该项目的孩子在语言发展、解决问题和其他智
力技能方面比同龄人更先进。可推测 Missouri 项目使孩子们在许多方面得到了提高。故选 C。
10．细节理解题。倒数第二段倒数第二句 The one factor that was found to affect the child’s development was
the poor quality of parent-child interaction.可知研究发现，影响儿童发展的一个因素是亲子互动质量差。即亲
子之间的互动交流有可能会影响孩子的表现，故选 D。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句 The “Missouri” program compares quite distinctly with the
“Headstart” program.可知“密苏里”计划与“先驱者”计划的对比非常明显，即作者是通过二者之间的对比来发
展文章内容的，故选 B。
二、（江苏省南京大学附中 2021 届高三模拟）
With smart technology increasingly influencing all aspects of our lives, it is only a matter of time before
someone invents “smart” shoes—ones that can be made based on personal needs. Called “ShiftWear”, the sneakers
are the brainchild of a team of businessmen, and engineers led by New York-based designer David Coel.
The adaptable shoes can be customized by using a smart phone app. Shoe owners will have the option of
selecting a design from a variety of HD pattern by famous artists or creating one themselves. The company’s
founders imagine a marketplace where artists can not only share but also sell their designs to others. Despite being
electronic, the designs are clearly visible even in the brightest sunlight. What’s even cooler is that by switching on a
backlight, users can even show off their designs in the dark!
According to Coel, the sneakers will keep their charge “forever” if only images are displayed. Though they
will need periodic recharging, active users have nothing to worry about. That’s because the shoes are equipped with
special walk-n-charge technology that powers the shoes—with every step. Inactive users also have options of
charging the sneakers without using wires.
The bottom part of the shoes is covered with Kevler fibers, a kind of strong material, reducing normal wear
and tear. Even better? They are completely waterproof (not let water through) and can even be thrown into an
ordinary laundry machine for a quick wash! The company predicts that the shoes will range the price from $150 to
$1000 depending on the size of the E-panels where the designs are displayed.
This is not the first time that electronics and shoes have combined. Lithuania-based iShuh Technology has
come up with a similar concept that connects e-reader panels to a smart phone app via the Bluetooth. Whether these
smart shoes become as popular as our smart devices remains to be seen, though they surely are attractive.
12．What can we know about the smart shoes from the text?
A．The electronic designs can not be seen clearly at night.
B．The designers make sure every pair of sneakers are unique.
C．The bottom of the shoes can last longer due to special materials.
D．The shoes have to be washed by hand to protect the electronics.
13．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．How the sneakers are charged.
B．How the sneakers can work well.
C．What images the sneakers show.
D．What technology the sneakers carry.
14．The varied prices of the sneakers mainly depend on ________.
A．the length of the shoes
B．the size of their e-panels
C．the designers of the shoes
D．the materials of their bottoms
15．How does the author feel about the sneakers’ future market?
A．Negative. B．Anxious.
C．Uncertain. D．Confident.
【答案】
12．C
13．A
14．B
15．C
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了智能鞋以及背后的充电技术以及市场前景。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段 The adaptable shoes can be customized by using a smart phone app. Shoe
owners will have the option of selecting a design from a variety of HD pattern by famous artists or creating one
themselves.可知，智能鞋可以通过软件来定制，可以选择一个款式或者自己设计，每一款鞋都是不一样的，
故选 C。
13．主旨大意题。本段主要讲述智能鞋动力的问题，只要穿着智能鞋行走就可以充电。故选 A。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 The company predicts that the shoes will range the price from $150 to
$1000 depending on the size of the E-panels where the designs are displayed.可知，价格不同的原因是用于展示
设计的电子展示板的尺寸不一样，故选 B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段 Whether these smart shoes become as popular as our smart devices remains
to be seen, though they surely are attractive.可知，尽管很有吸引力，但能否像智能手机那么流行仍待观察，故
可知作者对此态度不确定的。故选 C。
三、（江苏省南通如皋中学 2021 届高三模拟）
Some Famous Libraries in the World
The Royal Library of Alexandria
The Royal Library of Alexandria in Alexandria, Egypt is probably known as the largest and the most famous
library in the ancient world. It is said that the ancient library was burned three times over the centuries. A likeness
of the ancient library was built in Alexandria and was opened on October 16，2002.
Celsus Library
Celsus Library was built in what had been a monument tomb of the governor of the Province of Asia, Celsus
Polemaeanus in Ephesus, Turkey. It used to be the third richest of ancient times in the world，which had more than
12,000 works of art, but it was destroyed in wars, leaving some ruins. Even so, it is now still so world-famous for
its beautiful structure that many visitors come to see it. There is a statue of Athena at its entrance as she is the
Goddess of Wisdom. It remains delicate and appealing.
Bodleian Library
Bodleian Library is attached to Oxford University and mainly used as a research library. It is also a copyright
library, which means it has a right to every book published in the United Kingdom. The library was designed by the
architect, Sir Giles Gilbert Scott. Construction was completed in 1940.
The British Library
The British Library was set up in 1973 and is one of the world’s greatest libraries. This library has PACCAR
gallery of living and workshop of words. The sounds and images offer shows and different programs at the theme
exhibitions. They also have a wide collection of stamps of the world which are on show for visitors. The library
also offers events like music and discussions.
1．Which of the following libraries has been reconstructed?
A．The Royal Library of Alexandria. B．Celsus Library.
C．Bodleian Library. D．The British Library.
2．What can you do in Celsus Library?
A．Read books. B．Borrow books.
C．See a stamp exhibition. D．Enjoy the beautiful remains.
3．What is special about Bodleian Library?
A．It belongs to a university.
B．It was once destroyed by fires.
C．It is one of the famous ancient libraries.
D．It is well-known for its beautiful structure.
【答案】
1．A
2．D
3．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了世界上几个出名的图书馆。
1．细节理解题。由 The Royal Library of Alexandria 中的“A likeness of the ancient library was built in
Alexandria and was opened on October 16，2002”可知，在亚历山大，仿古图书馆被建造，并于 2002 年 10 月
16 日开馆。所以 A 选项“The Royal Library of Alexandria”已经被重建。故选 A 项。
2．细节理解题。由 Celsus Library 中的“ but it was destroyed in wars, leaving some ruins. Even so, it is now
still so world-famous for its beautiful structure that many visitors come to see it. ”可知，但在战争中被摧毁，留下
一些废墟。尽管如此，它现在仍然以其美丽的结构而闻名于世，以至于许多游客前来参观。所以在 Celsus
Library 图书馆能欣赏到美丽的遗迹。故选 D 项。
3．细节理解题。由 Bodleian Library 中“Bodleian Library is attached to Oxford University”可知，Bodleian 图
书馆特别之处在于它隶属于一所大学。 故选 A 项。
四、（江苏省南通如皋中学 2021 届高三模拟）
Full stops intimidate young people when used in social media communication as they are interpreted as a sign
of anger, according to linguistic experts.
Teenagers and those in their early twenties, classified as Generation Z, have grown up with smartphones which
they use to send short messages without full stops. Linguistic experts are now investigating why teens interpret a
correctly-punctuated text as a signal of annoyance.
The debate became active again after writer Rhiannon Cosslett tweeted: “Older people, do you realise that
ending a sentence with a full stop conies across as sort of abrupt and unfriendly to younger people in a message?”
Genuinely curious. That caused crime novelist Sophie Hannah to reply: “Just asked 16-year-old son — apparently
this is true. If he got a message with full stops at the end of sentences? He’d think the sender was weird, mean or
too blunt.”
According to experts, youngsters used to communicating electronically break up their thoughts by sending
each one as a separate message, rather than using a full stop, which they use only to signal they are annoyed. Some
have said the full stop is unnecessary when used in texting because the message is ended just by sending it.
Linguist Dr Lauren Fonteyn of Leiden University in Holland tweeted: “If you send a text message without a
full stop, it’s already obvious that you've concluded the message. So if you add that additional marker for
completion, they will read something into it and it tends to be a falling intonation (语调) or negative tone. Make
your sentence an open end. and it will make friends online very happy and relaxed. So full stops could be
unnecessary in most cases.”
Professor David Crystal? one of the world’s leading language experts, argues that the usage of full stops is
being “revised in a really fundamental way”. In his book, Making a Point, he says that the punctuation mark has
become an “emotion marker” which warns the recipient (接受者) that the sender is angry or annoyed.
4．What does the underlined word “intimidate” probably mean in paragraph 1?
A．Frighten. B．Move. C．Delight. D．Reward.
5．Why do the Generation Z dislike full stops when texting?
A．Full stops end the conversation awkwardly.
B．Full stops make messages more boring.
C．Full stops are punctuation marks without any emotion.
D．Full stops are regarded as an indication of the sender's anger.
6．What is Dr Lauren Fonteyn's attitude to full stops for completion?
A．Skeptical. B．Conservative. C．Negative. D．Tolerant.
7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Will full stops be replaced in messages?
B．Does a full stop really conclude a message?
C．How do full stops make recipients embarrassed?
D．How do we understand punctuation marks in messages?
【答案】
4．A
5．D
6．C
7．B
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了在社交媒体交流中使用“句号”会让年轻人感到害怕，因为它们会被
解读为愤怒的信号。
4．词句猜测题。根据划线词后面的“as they are interpreted as a sign of anger, according to linguistic
experts(根据语言学家的说法，因为它们被解读为愤怒的表现)”可知，they 指的是上文中的 Full stops。由此
可知，年青人认为是 Full stops 在表达愤怒，所以看到 Full stops 时，他们很可能会感到害怕。故选 A 项。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Full stops intimidate young people when used in social media communication as
they are interpreted as a sign of anger, according to linguistic experts.(根据语言学家的说法，在社交媒体交流中
使用“句号”会让年轻人感到害怕，因为它们会被解读为愤怒的信号)”和第二段中的“Linguistic experts are now
investigating why teens interpret a correctly-punctuated text as a signal of annoyance.(语言专家正在研究为什么
青少年会把标点符号正确的文本解读为一种恼怒的信号)”可知, Z 一代不喜欢发信息时用句号是因为句号被
认为是发件人恼怒的表达。故选 D 项。
6．推理判断题。根据第五段中 Dr Lauren Fonteyn 的话“Make your sentence an open end and it will make
friends online very happy and relaxed. So full stops could be unnecessary in most cases.(让你的句子成为一个开
放式的结尾，这会让网上的朋友们非常开心和放松。所以在大多数情况下，句号可能是不必要的)”可推知，
Dr Lauren Fonteyn 对用 full stops 来结束句子持否定或消极态度。故选 C 项。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Full stops intimidate young people when used in social media communication as
they are interpreted as a sign of anger, according to linguistic experts.( 根据语言学家的说法，在社交媒体交流中
使用“句号”会让年轻人感到害怕，因为它们会被解读为愤怒的信号)”及下文介绍可知，文章主要介绍了在社
交媒体交流中使用“句号”会让年轻人感到害怕的现象及原因。由此可知，B 项“Does a full stop really conclude
a message?(句号真的能结束信息吗？)”适合做本文最佳标题，用问句的方式提出话题，吸引读者通过阅读找
出答案的。故选 B 项。
五、（江苏省南通如皋中学 2021 届高三模拟）
People who play drums regularly for years differ from unmusical people in their brain structure and function.
The results of a study by researchers from Bochum suggest that they have fewer, but thicker fibers in the main
connecting tract between the brain hemispheres(半球). In addition, their motor brain areas are organized more
efficiently. This is the conclusion drawn by a research team headed by Dr. Lara. It was published in the journal
Brain and Behavior, online on 4 December 2019.
The researchers were interested in drummers because their movement control far surpasses that of untrained
people. "Most people can only perform fine motor tasks with one hand and have problems playing different
rhythms with both hands at the same time," explains Lara, "Drummers can do things that are impossible for
untrained people."
The team intended to gain new insights into the organization of complex motor processes in the brain by
identifying the changes in the brain caused by this training. The researchers tested 20 professional drummers who
have played their instrument for an average of 17 years and currently practice for more than ten hours per week.
They examined them using various MRI imaging techniques that provide insights into the structure and function of
the brain. They then compared the data with measurements of 24 unmusical control subjects. Both groups had to
play drums to test their abilities and were then examined in the MRI scanner.
Drummers presented clear differences in the front part of the corpus callosum(胼胝体)responsible for motor
planning. The data indicated that the drummers had fewer but thicker fibers in this important connecting tract. This
allows musicians to exchange information between the hemispheres more quickly than the controls.
Although drummers might be good at motor coordination, they are less active in motor tasks than that of
control subjects. This phenomenon indicates that a more efficient brain organization in the areas leads to less
activation in professionals.
8．Which has the closest meaning with the underlined word in Paragraph 2?
A．Correspond with. B．Go beyond C．Differ from. D．Fall behind.
9．How did the team identify the changes in drummers' brain?
A．By analyzing previous study.
B．By organizing complex motor tasks.
C．By testing their abilities and scanning the brains.
D．By comparing amateur drummers and unmusical people.
10．Which statement is true about the drummers?
A．They are more active in motor tasks.
B．They can play rhythms more quickly.
C．They have better imagination and insights.
D．They have more efficient brain organization.
11．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Playing drums changes the brain.
B．Playing drums can be trained.
C．Playing music makes you active.
D．Playing music brings benefits.
【答案】
8．B
9．C
10．D
11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究表明：经常打鼓的人在大脑结构和功能上与不爱音乐的人不同，在大
脑两半球之间的主要连接区域，打鼓的人的纤维较少，但较厚。同时他们的运动大脑区域组织得更有效率。
8．词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“Drummers can do things that are impossible for untrained people.”（鼓
手可以做未经训练的人做不到的事。）可知，相比那些未经训练的人而言，这些鼓手可以做他们不能完成
的事，所以这些鼓手已经超越了他们。因而本段划线词的含义为“超越”，选项 B. “Go beyond”，意为“超越”，
符合题意，故选 B。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The researchers tested 20 professional drummers who have played their
instrument for an average of 17 years and currently practice for more than ten hours per week. They examined them
using various MRI imaging techniques that provide insights into the structure and function of the brain. They then
compared the data with measurements of 24 unmusical control subjects.Both groups had to play drums to test their
abilities and were then examined in the MRI scanner.”（研究人员测试了 20 名专业鼓手，他们平均弹奏这种乐
器 17 年，目前每周练习超过 10 小时。他们用各种核磁共振成像技术检查了他们，这些技术提供了对大脑
结构和功能的深入了解。然后，他们将这些数据与 24 名非音乐控制实验对象的测量结果进行比较。两组都
要敲鼓来测试他们的能力，然后在核磁共振扫描仪上进行检查。）可知，研究人员通过敲鼓测试 20 名专业
鼓手和 24 名非音乐控制实验对象的能力，然后利用核磁共振扫描仪上进行检查，来识别训练引起的大脑变
化。选项 C 与文意相符，故选 C。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Drummers presented clear differences in the front part of the corpus
callosum(胼胝体)responsible for motor planning. The data indicated that the drummers had fewer but thicker fibers
in this important connecting tract. This allows musicians to exchange information between the hemispheres more
quickly than the controls.”（鼓手在负责运动计划的胼胝体前部表现出明显的差异。数据显示鼓手在这个重要
的连接部位，有较少但较厚的纤维。这使得音乐家比控制体可以更快地在两个脑半球之间交换信息。）可
以推知，在大脑中，鼓手们处理信息的能力会更快，更有效。选项 D.“They have more efficient brain
organization.”（他们的大脑组织更有效率。）与文章意思相符，故选 D。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“People who play drums regularly for years differ from unmusical people in
their brain structure and function. The results of a study by researchers from Bochum suggest that they have fewer,
but thicker fibers in the main connecting tract between the brain hemispheres(半球). In addition, their motor brain
areas are organized more efficiently. ”（经常打鼓的人在大脑结构和功能上与不爱音乐的人不同。来自 Bochum
的研究人员的一项研究结果表明，在大脑两半球之间的主要连接区域，它们的纤维较少，但较厚。此外，
他们的运动大脑区域组织得更有效率。）同时结合第三段中研究人员通过比较专业鼓手和非音乐人士的数
据，发现专业鼓手的大脑处理信息能力更有效。可知，本文主要讲述打鼓会使人的大脑区域的组织变得更
有效。所以短文的最佳标题为“打鼓能改变大脑”。故选 A。
六、（ 2021 届高三模拟）
While the Mars and the moon are currently the hottest destinations for outer space exploration. Mercury (水星)
might be another exciting choice. The inner planet Mercury is extremely difficult to see with the naked eye. It is
“the innermost and smallest terrestrial planet in solar system.” noted the BBC．The European-Japanese
BepiColombo spacecraft was successfully launched on Oct 20, marking the start of its seven-year trip to Mercury,
the Guardian reported.
The European Space Agency (ESA) has described the journey as one of the most complex interplanetary
missions ever undertaken. Mercury is located just 58 million kilometers away from the sun. It follows a tight path
to make one revolution (公转) around the sun, completing a full orbit every 88 days. Therefore, in order to get into
Mercury’s orbit, BepiColombo has to stand the extremely strong gravity of the sun. In order to solve the problem,
BepiColombo will use special flybys (近天体探测飞行) to get into Mercury’s orbit.
According to ESA, Mercury’s temperature ranges from 450℃ on the sunward side to minus 180℃ on the dark
side. In order to study the planet, the spacecraft “is going from one to the other over a few tens of minutes... our
instruments have to operate around room temperature,” according to Suzanne Imber of the University of Leicester,
UK. BepiColombo has been coated with temperature-resistant layers to keep it safe.
If everything goes as planned, BepiColombo will travel through or solar system at 60 kilometers per second
and reach Mercury in late December 2025. It will then split into two probes that will travel in different directions.
“What this lets you do is look at the space environment around Mercury from two different directions at
exactly the same time,” US planetary scientist Nancy Chabot told National Public Radio.
8．According to text, Mercury is ________.
A．easily accessible B．well visible C．rarely explored D．extremely cold
9．What’s the use of the special flybys?
A．To change the orbit. B．To escape the pull of the sun.
C．To accelerate the spacecraft. D．To resist the high temperature.
10．What can we infer from Nancy’s words?
A．Extreme temperatures will be a challenge.
B．We can use gravitational forces to change direction.
C．We may get clearer pictures of Mercury’s revolution.
D．BepiColombo is likely to land on Mercury in the near future.
11．What is the text mainly about?
A．The journey to Mercury. B．The mystery of Mercury.
C．The environment around Mercury. D．The life on Mercury.
【答案】
8．C
9．B
10．C
11．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了欧洲和日本联合开启的水星之旅的相关信息。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“While the Mars and the moon are currently the hottest destinations for outer
space exploration. Mercury might be another exciting choice. The inner planet Mercury is extremely difficult to see
with the naked eye.（目前，火星和月球是最热门的外太空探索目的地。水星可能是另一个令人兴奋的选择。
内行星水星是非常难以用肉眼看到的。）”，和文章第三段“The European Space Agency (ESA) has described the
journey as one of the most complex interplanetary missions ever undertaken.（欧洲航天局（ESA）称这次旅行是
有史以来最复杂的星际任务之一。）”以及第四段“According to ESA, Mercury’s temperature ranges from 450℃
on the sunward side to minus 180℃ on the dark side.（根据欧洲航天局的说法，水星的温度范围从向日面 450℃
到暗面零下 180℃不等。）”可推断，水星是很少被探险的。故选 C 项。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Therefore, in order to get into Mercury’s orbit, BepiColombo has to stand
the extremely strong gravity of the sun. In order to solve the problem, BepiColombo will use special flybys to get
into Mercury’s orbit.（因此，为了进入水星轨道，贝皮科伦坡号必须经受住太阳极强的引力。为了解决这个
问题，贝皮科伦坡号将通过特殊的近距离飞行进入水星轨道。）”可知，这种特殊的近距离飞行是为了逃避
太阳的引力。故选 B 项。
10．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““What this lets you do is look at the space environment around Mercury
from two different directions at exactly the same time,” US planetary scientist Nancy Chabot told National Public
Radio.（美国行星科学家南希·夏博在接受美国国家公共广播电台采访时表示：“这能让你同时从两个不同的
方向观察水星周围的空间环境。”）”可推断，从 Nancy 的话中可知，我们可以更清楚地看到水星的旋转，
得到更清晰的图片。故选 C 项。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The European-Japanese BepiColombo spacecraft was successfully
launched on Oct 20, marking the start of its seven-year trip to Mercury, the Guardian reported.（据英国《卫报》报
道，10 月 20 日，欧洲和日本联合发射的“贝皮科伦坡”号宇宙飞船成功发射，开启了其为期 7 年的水星之旅。）”
以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了欧洲和日本联合开启的水星之旅。故选 A 项。
七、（ 2021 届高三模拟）
Is there a strange something high up in the world’s tallest mountains? If so, is it a big bear? Is it a monkey? Or
is it a kind of man? No one knows. This mystery has puzzled the world for years.
In 1887, a mountain climber found large footsteps in the snow. They looked like the footsteps of a very large
man. But men don’t walk without shoes in the snow!
In 1906, another climber saw more footsteps. He saw a very large animal standing on two legs. As he watched,
it ran away very quickly. Fifteen years later, a newspaper had new stories about the “something”. A mountain
climber said he had seen the “snowman” walk slowly in the snow. He said it looked like a very large man.
From then on, more and more people had stories to tell. But not until 1951 did a mountain climber bring back
the pictures of large footsteps. The pictures showed clearly that the snowman walked on two legs. So it was not a
bear or a monkey. Could it be an apeman (猿人)? And the mystery keeps growing. Some day, we may find out just
what it is that makes the largest footsteps.
4．The passage is about ________.
A．some mountain climbers
B．some strange animals
C．the snow
D．the mystery of the large footsteps
5．Why were people interested in footsteps?
A．Because they were the footsteps of a large bear.
B．Because they looked like the footsteps of a large man.
C．Because they were found in the snow.
D．Because they were found in the mountains.
6．Why did the mystery grow when a mountain climber brought back pictures of large footsteps?
A．They were the footsteps of an apeman.
B．They were the footsteps of a snowman.
C．The pictures showed clearly how the snowman walked.
D．People still don’t know who made the footsteps.
7．Which is the best title?
A．Snow B．The large footsteps
C．A big bear D．Monkey
【答案】
4．D
5．B
6．D
7．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了人们在世界上最高的山上发现的巨大脚印来自于什么动物，
直到今天依然是未解之谜。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“In 1887, a mountain climber found large footsteps in the snow.”（1887 年，一
位登山者在雪地里发现了巨大的脚印）和第三段“In 1906, another climber saw more footsteps”（1906 年，另
一名登山者看到了更多的脚印）以及最后一段“Some day, we may find out just what it is that makes the largest
footsteps.”（有一天，我们会发现是什么制造了这些大脚印）结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲了人们在
世界上最高的山上发现的巨大脚印来自于什么动物，直到今天依然是未解之谜。故选 D。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“A mountain climber said he had seen the “snowman” walk slowly in the snow.
He said it looked like a very large man.”（一位登山者说，他看到“雪人”在雪地里慢慢地走。 他说它看起来像
一个非常高大的人）可知人们会对脚印感兴趣是因为它们看起来像一个巨大的人的脚印。故选 B。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But not until 1951 did a mountain climber bring back the pictures of large
footsteps. The pictures showed clearly that the snowman walked on two legs. So it was not a bear or a monkey.
Could it be an apeman (猿人)? And the mystery keeps growing.”（但直到 1951 年，一位登山者才带回了大脚印
的照片。 图片清楚地显示了雪人用两条腿走路。 所以不是熊或猴子。 会是猿人吗? 谜团还在继续）可推
知当一名登山者带回巨大脚印的照片时，这个谜团变得更加神秘是因为人们仍然不知道是谁留下了这些脚
印。故选 D。
7．主旨大意题。根据第二段“In 1887, a mountain climber found large footsteps in the snow.”（1887 年，一
位登山者在雪地里发现了巨大的脚印）和第三段“In 1906, another climber saw more footsteps”（1906 年，另
一名登山者看到了更多的脚印）以及最后一段“Some day, we may find out just what it is that makes the largest
footsteps.”（有一天，我们会发现是什么制造了这些大脚印）结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲了人们在
世界上最高的山上发现的大脚印来自于什么动物，直到今天依然是未解之谜。这篇文章最好的题目是“巨大
的脚印”。故选 B。
八、（ 2021 届高三模拟）
I told my husband the topic of this essay and asked him, “As a British person, why do the British like
tea?”His answer was, “Tea fixes everything."
For the British, tea is a substitute for emotions. The money that an American would dedicate to counseling or
therapy to deal with childhood trauma (创伤），the British instead spend on tea bags, tea pots, tea cups and tea
towels.
Tea is the only outlet that the British have for strong emotion, outside of football teams and alcohol. If your
co-workers annoy you, you can't very well get drunk to cope with it, so tea is the substitute. The ceremony of
boiling water and adding sugar and milk in a specific order based on religiously-held personal preferences is
calming and allows the type of repetitive action that comforts the British mind and helps them to suppress their
feelings. Calmly sipping a cup of hot tea is a proper therapeutic and British way of dealing with emotion. If
someone starts to get angry at you or if they express sadness or another emotion that is uncomfortable to deal with,
rather than talking about it, a British person will put the kettle on. It is a convenient way of changing the subject to
one that all British people can agree on: tea.
I am married to a British man, and we have never had an argument that didn't end in him offering to make a
cup of tea. I've never entered a British house without receiving an offer of tea. Tea is social bonding. If you reject
tea, you are rejecting Britain. For the British, the idea of not wanting tea is nearly incomprehensible. For the British,
if you don't want tea, you don't want life. They really believe that tea fixes everything.
8．What will he do if a British man gets angry?
A．He will drown his anger in tea.
B．He will keep his anger in mind.
C．He will go to the pub for a drink.
D．He will express his anger directly.
9．Why does the British like tea so much?
A．They like the taste of it.
B．It's a way of killing time.
C．It helps them to calm down.
D．The tea boiling ceremony is a pleasure.
10．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Tea helps the British to socialize.
B．Tea costs the British too much time.
C．You can reject the offered tea in Britain.
D．The author never argued with her husband.
11．What's the main purpose of the author?
A．Her family life in Britain.
B．Why the British like tea.
C．How the British drink tea.
D．Her husband's love for tea.
【答案】
8．A
9．C
10．A
11．B
【解析】本文是说明文。英国人酷爱喝茶，因为茶是他们表达情感的一种方式，是他们增强社会联系
的途径。
8．细节理解题。第三段第一、二句 “Tea is the only outlet that the British have for strong emotion, outside of
football teams and alcohol. If your co-workers annoy you, you can’t very well get drunk to cope with it, so tea is
the substitute.”句意为“除了足球队和酒，茶是英国人发泄强烈情绪的唯一渠道。如果你的同事惹你生气，你
不可能靠喝醉来排解，因此茶是代替品。”由此可知，如果一个英国人生气了他将用茶来消气。故选 A。
9．推理判断题。分析文章第三段，尤其是“If someone starts to get angry at you or if they express sadness or
another emotion that is uncomfortable to deal with, rather than talking about it, a British person will put the kettle
on. It is a convenient way of changing the subject to one that all British people can agree on: tea. ”（如果有人开始
对你生气，或者他们表达了悲伤或其他让人不舒服的情绪，英国人沏杯茶，而不是直接说出来。这是一种
很方便的方式，可以把话题转移到所有英国人都认同的话题:茶。）可知，喝茶能够帮助英国人平静下来。
故选 C。
10．推理判断题。分析文章最后一段“I've never entered a British house without receiving an offer of tea. Tea
is social bonding. If you reject tea, you are rejecting Britain. For the British, the idea of not wanting tea is nearly
incomprehensible. For the British, if you don't want tea, you don't want life. They really believe that tea fixes
everything.”（我每次进入英国家庭，都会有人请我喝茶。茶是社交的纽带。如果你拒绝茶，你就拒绝了英
国。对于英国人来说，不喝茶的想法几乎是不可理解的。对英国人来说，如果你不想要茶，你就不想要生
活。他们真的相信茶能解决一切问题。）由此判断出，喝茶是一种促进人与人之间关系的方式。故选 A。
11．推理判断题。 根据文章第一段中“Tea fixes everything.”茶能解决一切问题。和最后一段中“For the
British, if you don't want tea, you don't want life. They really believe that tea fixes everything.”（对英国人来说，
如果你不想要茶，你就不想要生活。他们真的相信茶能解决一切。）可知，作者的主要目的是说明英国人
为什么这么爱喝茶。故选 B。
九、（辽宁省 2021 届高三联考）
Have you ever heard about Black Friday and Cyber Monday? Surely, they are all about finding the best deals
on holiday gifts for yourself and family members. And have you heard about GivingTuesday? Here is something
about it!
GivingTuesday is observed annually on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving, which encourages people to help
those in need by making financial donations or doing good in their local community. The “Global Day of Giving”
was started in 2012 by New York City nonprofit 92nd Street Y and the United Nations Foundation.
Unlike Black Friday, GivingTuesday serves a more altruistic purpose. In its first year, the movement brought
in almost $10 million for charities, and things have only improved since. In 2019, many GivingTuesday social
media campaigns worldwide helped raise an amazing $ 1.9 billion from 27 million donors! Over the past five years,
many higher education institutions have also been using the Tuesday after Thanksgiving to ask alumni (毕业生) for
donations. In 2019, the University of Michigan, which calls it Blueday, received 5887 gifts totaling over $4 million,
while Pennsylvania State University raised $710 000 to benefit over 85 University programs.
Though donating money certainly helps, there are many other ways to support the great cause, especially
during the COVID-19 pandemic. You can video tutor kids struggling with online learning, or team up with an adult
to get groceries or medications for an elderly neighbor. Alternatively, call on your pees (同龄人) to help you with a
service project that addresses an issue close to your heart, or pick one from the several ideas suggested on the
GivingTuesday website. You can also donate your gently-used clothes and toys to local shelters, or mail a
handwritten note to a grandparent or a friend you miss seeing.
What are you going to do to make a positive difference in your community on GivingTuesday? Let us know
by adding your comments below!
8．Why does the author mention Black Friday and Cyber Monday in Paragraph 1?
A．To make a comparison. B．To lead to the topic.
C．To arouse readers’ interest. D．To express his doubt.
9．What’s the aim of GivingTuesday?
A．To promote the development of economy.
B．To attract people to buy more holiday gifts.
C．To call on more universities to donate money.
D．To encourage people to help those in need.
10．What does the underlined word “altruistic” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Selfless. B．General.
C．Specific. D．Complex.
11．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．Where people can offer their kind help. B．What people can do on GivingTuesday.
C．How people can stay safe during COVID-19. D．Why people need to support the great cause.
【答案】
8．B
9．D
10．A
11．B
【详解】
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了 GivingTuesday 的起源、发展以及在这一天人们做的慈善
活动。
28. B 推理判断题。
【解析】通读第一段内容可推知，作者在第一段提及 Black Friday 和 Cyber Monday 这两个节日是为了
更好地引出文章的主题——GivingTuesday。故选 B。
29. D 细节理解题。
【解析】根据第二段第一句“GivingTuesday is observed annually on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving, which
encourages people to help those in need by making financial donations or doing good in their local community.”可
知，GivingTuesday 旨在鼓励人们通过捐款或为他们所在的社区做好事来帮助那些需要帮助的人。故选 D。
30.A 词义猜测题。
【解析】根据第二段第一句“GivingTuesday is observed annually on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving, which
encourages people to help those in need by making financial donations or doing good in their local community.”及
第三段第二句中的“In its first year, the movement brought in almost $ 10 million for charities”可知，
GivingTuesday 旨在鼓励人们通过捐款或为他们所在的社区做好事来帮助那些需要帮助的人，而在庆祝这个
节日的第一年，这项活动为慈善机构带来了近 1000 万美元的捐款。由此可知，GivingTuesday 的目的是帮助
别人，所以画线词所在句表示 GivingTuesday 服务于一个更无私的目的。由此可推知，画线词 altruistic 应意
为“无私的”，与 A 项意思相近。故选 A。
31.B 段落大意题。
【解析】通读第四段内容可知，第四段主要介绍了在新冠疫情期间，人们在 GivingTuesday 这一天，除
了捐款还可以做的事情。故选 B。
【长难句分析】GivingTuesday is observed annually on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving, which encourages
people to help those in need by making financial donations or doing good in their local community.(第二段第一句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。which 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为 GivingTuesday。
译文：Giving Tuesday 是在每年的感恩节后的（第一个）星期二庆祝，（它的目的是）鼓励人们通过捐
款或为他们本地的社区做好事来帮助那些需要帮助的人。
词汇积累：deal n. 交易 observe v. 庆祝 tutor v. 教，指导 alternatively adv. 或者
十、（辽宁省 2021 届高三联考）
Soft robots, which can move around the ocean without harming sea life, are ideal for underwater exploration.
However, they are not so welcome in robot market because they are extremely slow and have a hard time operating
through the water. But that may change soon thanks to a self-driven soft robot created by researchers at the
University of California, San Diego.
The recently-developed robot, which resembles a paper lantern, was primarily built using soft materials. Its
flexible ribs are attached to a circular plate at both ends. An adjustable nozzle (喷嘴) fitted on one side helps draw
in and jet (射出) water each time the robot shrinks. The resulting jets of water enable it to swim forward, similar to
a squid (乌贼). A plate holds a waterproof component that can house a camera to record data, which is of great
value to further development of the robot. It also has its own power source, allowing it to float autonomously for
long periods of time.
“Essentially, we recreated all the key features that squids use for high-speed swimming. This is the first robot
that can achieve these jets of water by changing its body shape, which improves swimming efficiency,” said
Professor Michael T. Though the squid robot has not been tested in open waters, it successfully swam around coral
and fish in a large tank in the UC San Diego Birch Aquarium. What’s more, the robot clocked an impressive speed
of 18 to 32 centimeters per second, or about half a mile per hour. Though nowhere close to real squids, it is faster
than most other soft robots.
“After we were able to improve the design of the robot so that it would swim in a tank in the lab, it was
especially exciting to see that the robot was able to successfully swim in a large tank among coral and fish, showing
its possibility for real-world applications,” said Caleb Christianson, who led the study as part of his Ph. D paper.
12．Why were the previous soft robots seldom used?
A．Their application places are limited.
B．They do great damage to sea life.
C．They are very difficult to control.
D．Their advertising effect is hot good.
13．What’s the similarity between the newly-developed robot and squids?
A．Their body material. B．Their general speed.
C．Their power source. D．Their swimming pattern.
14．What can we learn about the squid robot according to Paragraph 3?
A．It is the first robot that can transform.
B．It will function well in open waters.
C．It has every feature that a squid has.
D．It can defeat most other soft robots in speed.
15．What’s Caleb Christianson’s attitude towards the newly-developed robot?
A．Positive. B．Critical. C．Uncaring. D．Doubtful.
【答案】
12．C
13．D
14．D
15．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型软体机器人并介绍了它的行进原理、目前取得
的进展及其应用成果。
32.C 细节理解题。
【解析】根据第一段第二句“However, they are not so welcome in robot market because they are extremely
slow and have a hard time operating through the water.”可知，早期的软体机器人在机器人市场中并不受欢迎，
因为它们在水中移动得非常慢而且难以在水中操控。故选 C。
33. D 细节理解题。
【解析】根据第二段第四句“The resulting jets of water enable it to swim forward, similar to a squid (乌贼).”
可知，机器人在水中收缩产生的水流使它能够向前游动，就像乌贼一样。由此可知，新型软体机器人在水
中（向前）移动的方式和乌贼游动的方式相似。故选 D。
34. D 细节理解题。
【解析】根据第三段最后两句“What’s more, the robot clocked an impressive speed of 18 to 32 centimeters
per second, or about half a mile per hour. Though nowhere close to real squids, it is faster than most other soft
robots.”可知，这种新型机器人的行进速度大约是每小时半英里。尽管与真正的乌贼（的游动速度）相差甚
远，但它比其他大多数软体机器人（的移动速度）都要快。故选 D。
35.A 推理判断题
【解析】根据最后一段内容可知，Caleb Christianson 表示看到这种新型软体机器人能在水族箱中成功地
游泳是一件很令人兴奋的事，这也展示了它在现实世界中被应用的可能性。由此可推知，Caleb Christianson
对这种新型软体机器人持积极态度。故选 A。
【长难句分析】Essentially, we recreated all the key features that squids use for high-speed swimming. （第
三段第一句）
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。that 引导定语从句，先行词为 key features。
译文：本质上，我们再创造出了所有乌贼用来高速游泳的关键特征。
词汇积累：resemble v. 像，看起来像 flexible adj. 可弯曲的，灵活的 adjustable adj. 可调节
的 shrink v. 收缩
十一、（辽宁省朝阳市 2021 届高三模拟）
When you hear the beginning of your favorite song from the radio, suddenly your neck is covered in goose
bumps.
It's such a thing that a group of scientists call “skin excitement”—a feeling of cold caused not by a drop in
temperature or sudden scare, but by the sense of beauty. “Skin excitement” can come from a song, a painting, a
moving movie scene, or even a beloved memory-pretty much anything that causes the giving out of
pleasure-soaked dopamine in your brain. But it does not come for all of us.
Your favorite music uncovers a lot about your personality，and so does how you respond to that music. Studies
suppose that as few as 55 percent of people experience “skin excitement” when listening to music. And if you count
yourself among this group, the goose bumps on your skin aren't the only giveaway—scientists can read it in your
brain, too. In a new study published in the journal Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Harvard
researchers performed brain scans on 10 students who said they reliably got cold when listening to music, and 10
students who didn't. They found that the cold-prone brains may really be excited by stronger emotions.
Cold-prone brains are generally more likely to show stronger emotional intelligence than no-cold brains.
Cold-prone minds tend to have unusual active imagination, reflect more deeply on their emotions, and appreciate
nature and the beauty of music and art to a stronger degree than no-cold brains.
So, what type of music causes the chills? It seems that the type is not so important; participants in the new
study reported getting cold from songs of every kind. And any song connected with a strong emotional memory of
the listener can produce the most reliable results. For me, that's the song Sailing to Philadelphia by Mark Knopfler,
which I listened to as a kid in the car with my dad, on the way to the summer camp.
12．What can we learn about “skin excitement” in the text?
A．It helps to produce doparmine. B．It is caused by the pain in the skin.
C．It can be experienced by every music listener.D．It is the human body's reaction to something nice.
13．What does the new study by Harvard researchers mainly find?
A．The percentage of music lovers in students.
B．The solutions to the goose bumps on one's skin.
C．The differences between cold-prone and no-cold brains.
D．The relationship between one's music preference and personality.
14．What are people with cold-prone brains like?
A．Beautiful and intelligent. B．Emotional and dishonest.
C．Imaginative and sensitive. D．Brave and strong-minded.
15．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Responses to Music Vary among People B．A Feeling of Cold Is Caused by Horrible Music
C．Your Favorite Music Reveals Your Personality D．Favorite Music May Bring Forth Goose Bumps
【答案】
12．D
13．C
14．C
15．D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于听到最喜爱的音乐会让人“皮肤兴奋”并产生寒意的相
关研究，解释了这背后的原因以及对音乐有不同反应可以反应人的性格特点。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It's such a thing that a group of scientists call “skin excitement”—a feeling of
cold caused not by a drop in temperature or sudden scare, but by the sense of beauty. “Skin excitement” can come
from a song, a painting, a moving movie scene, or even a beloved memory-pretty much anything that causes the
giving out of pleasure-soaked dopamine in your brain.(一组科学家称这种现象为“皮肤兴奋”——不是因为温度
下降或突然的恐惧而产生的寒冷感觉，而是因为美好。“皮肤兴奋”可以来自一首歌、一幅画、一个感人的电
影场景，甚至是一段心爱的回忆——几乎任何能让你大脑中充满愉悦的多巴胺释放出来的东西)”可知，“皮
肤兴奋”在本文中是指人体对美好事物的一种反应。故选 D。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In a new study published in the journal Social Cognitive and Affective
Neuroscience, Harvard researchers performed brain scans on 10 students who said they reliably got cold when
listening to music, and 10 students who didn't. They found that the cold-prone brains may really be excited by
stronger emotions.(在一项发表在《社会认知与情感神经科学》杂志上的新研究中，哈佛大学的研究人员对
10 名学生进行了脑部扫描，这些学生说他们在听音乐时确实感到寒冷，而另外 10 名学生没有。他们发现，
容易发冷的大脑可能真的会被更强烈的情绪激发)”可知，这项新研究的成果主要是发现了容易发冷的大脑和
不发冷大脑的区别。故选 C。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段“Cold-prone brains are generally more likely to show stronger emotional
intelligence than no-cold brains. Cold-prone minds tend to have unusual active imagination, reflect more deeply on
their emotions, and appreciate nature and the beauty of music and art to a stronger degree than no-cold brains. (容
易发冷的大脑通常比不感冒的大脑更有可能表现出更强的情商。与不发冷的大脑相比，容易发冷的大脑往
往具有异常活跃的想象力，对情感的反思更深刻，对自然、音乐和艺术的欣赏程度更强)”可推断，大脑容易
发冷的人情商较高，善解人意，且想象力丰富，对自然、音乐和艺术美的感觉是敏锐的。故选 C。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“When you hear the beginning of your favorite song from the radio, suddenly
your neck is covered in goose bumps.(当你从收音机里听到你最喜欢的歌曲开始时，你的脖子突然起了鸡皮疙
瘩)”结合文章主要介绍了一项关于听到最喜爱的音乐会让人“皮肤兴奋”并产生寒意的相关研究，解释了这背
后的原因以及对音乐有不同反应可以反应人的性格特点。故 D 选项“最喜欢的音乐会让你起鸡皮疙瘩”最符
合文章标题。故选 D。
十二、（辽宁省大连市 2021 届高三二模）
As a classic love movie of the twentieth century, Titanic makes one scene a long-lasting cinematic shot: Jack
let go of his hand and sank in the icy seawater, leaving the chance of living to his lover Rose, who finally survived
on a wooden door debris (残骸).
More than 100 years since the disastrous event and more than two decades after the earliest release of the
movie Titanic, there have been many “door theories”. Audiences debate heatedly over whether or not Jack and Rose
could have both fit onto the wooden debris and survived. So, was there room for Jack?
In a TV program, hosts Jamie and Adam even did an experiment using an exact replica (复制品) of the
wooden piece from the movie, and the two proved that if they had tied Rose’s life jacket to the bottom of the door
to strengthen its buoyancy ( 浮 力 ), they would have managed to stay afloat.
However, their conclusion was debunked when director Cameron said that the freezing water and Jack’s high
temperature would have made the life jacket solution impossible. He also said that the debate is beyond the point
the movie was trying to make, which is focused on the tragic love story of Jack and Rose, not physics.
The largest debris recovered from the real Titanic is now displayed in the Maritime Museum. The museum’s
website states that a replica was once built for the movie based on the museum’s Titanic collection which was
known as the “door” used in the death scene. Unfortunately, the size of the debris coupled with the weight of Rose
on top could work, but not if Jack’s additional weight was added to it.
In a word, science has proven that Jack didn’t die for nothing and did indeed sacrifice himself to save the love
of his life.
8．What’s the purpose of paragraph 1?
A．To lead into the topic. B．To introduce a movie. C．To raise a question. D．To
highlight characters.
9．What is the conclusion of Jamie and Adam based on?
A．The development of the plot. B．A physics experiment. C．The theme of the movie. D．A
heated debate.
10．What does the underlined word “debunked” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Confirmed. B．Opposed. C．Approved. D．Concerned.
11．We can infer that the movie’s ending is .
A．unrealistic B．confusing C．reasonable D．surprising
【答案】
8．A
9．B
10．B
11．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电影《泰坦尼克号》最早上映 20 多年后，出现了许多“门理
论”，认为杰克可以活下来，而科学已经证明电影的结局是合理的。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As a classic love movie of the twentieth century, Titanic makes one scene a
long-lasting cinematic shot: Jack let go of his hand and sank in the icy seawater, leaving the chance of living to his
lover Rose, who finally survived on a wooden door debris (残骸).(《泰坦尼克号》是一部 20 世纪的经典爱情电
影，其中的一个场景是一个持久的电影镜头：杰克松开手，沉入冰冷的海水中，给他的爱人罗斯留下了生
存的机会，罗斯最终在木门残骸上幸存下来。)”及下文对此场景的讨论可推断，本段的目的是引出话题。故
选 A。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In a TV program, hosts Jamie and Adam even did an experiment using an
exact replica (复制品) of the wooden piece from the movie, and the two proved that if they had tied Rose’s life
jacket to the bottom of the door to strengthen its buoyancy ( 浮 力 ), they would have managed to stay afloat. (在
一个电视节目，主持人杰米和亚当甚至做了一个实验用的一个木制的复制品的电影，和两个证明，如果他
们把罗斯的救生衣绑在门的底部以加强它的浮力，他们会设法保持漂浮。)”可知，杰米和亚当的结论是基于
他们所做的物理实验。故选 B。
10．词义猜测题。根据划线词后半句“when director Cameron said that the freezing water and Jack’s high
temperature would have made the life jacket solution impossible. (因为卡梅隆导演说冰冻的水和杰克的高温不
可能让救生衣解决问题。)”可知，杰米和亚当的结论被推翻了。所以 debunked 为“ 揭穿真相，暴露，推翻”
之意。oppose“反对”是近义词，故选 B。
11．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Unfortunately, the size of the debris coupled with the weight of Rose
on top could work, but not if Jack’s additional weight was added to it. (不幸的是，碎片的大小加上罗斯在上面的
重量可能会起作用，但如果加上杰克的额外重量就不行了。)”可推断，这部电影的结局合理的。故选 C。
十三、（辽宁省大连市 2021 届高三二模）
If you think you’d like to live on Mars, you may have that possibility by 2023. A Dutch company called Mars
One will soon advertise for people interested in colonizing (开拓) Mars. If you have all the necessary skills, you
could be one of the first colonists. Are you ready for the challenge?
You won’t have to pay for the mission to Mars. Mars One has already received money from some donors and
is hoping to get more from TV viewers who will become interested in the show where all applicants have a debate
for the rare chances.
The main responsibility of the first colonists is to create an artificial environment on Mars where there is no air
to breathe and no land to farm. Scientists know it’s quite possible because something similar has already been done
in Antarctica.
Another problem is that space travel to Mars takes nearly a year to get to Mars and the colonists will live the
rest of their lives there. When a human lives in an environment without gravity or with low gravity for a long time,
the systems in the body weaken. Luckily, spinning (旋转) the spaceship can create artificial gravity, and artificial
gravity can ease these problems. It will also be difficult for Mars colonists to be far from home, living in small
spaces, and seeing the same people over and over. Colonists with depression could put the mission in danger.
Fortunately, a few years ago, a joint Russian and European project called the Mars500 Mission studied people’s
reactions in a Mars-like environment. It is viewed as a great success because scientists were able to see how people
handle emotional and physical stresses.
Recent studies show that seven percent of people would want to go on such an adventure.
Mars One will soon start accepting its first colonists. Are you interested?
12．What do we know about the applicants to Mars from the first two paragraphs?
A．They will land on Mars in 2023.
B．They can get money from donors.
C．They will compete in a TV show.
D．They do not need special skills.
13．What will the first colonists do to solve the basic living problems on Mars?
A．Create earth-like conditions.
B．Build labs in Antarctica.
C．Spin the spaceship.
D．Start the Mars500 Mission.
14．What can the life of the first colonists be like according to the passage?
A．Difficult and dangerous.
B．Different but adaptable.
C．Challenging and unbearable .
D．Acceptable but depressing.
15．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Mars: our final destination?
B．Ready to be Mars’ colonists?
C．Space travel: a thrilling adventure?
D．Are you a qualified Mars astronaut?
【答案】
12．C
13．A
14．B
15．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一家名为“火星一号”的荷兰公司刊登广告，招聘对殖民火星
感兴趣的人，以及介绍在火星居住所存在的问题。
12．细节理解题。根据文章前两段，特别是第二段“Mars One has already received money from some donors
and is hoping to get more from TV viewers who will become interested in the show where all applicants have a
debate for the rare chances.(“火星一号”已经收到了一些捐赠者的捐款，并希望从对该节目感兴趣的电视观众
那里获得更多捐款。该节目中，所有申请者都要为这一难得的机会进行辩论。)”可知，火星申请者需要在电
视节目中进行辩论比赛。故选 C。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The main responsibility of the first colonists is to create an artificial
environment on Mars where there is no air to breathe and no land to farm. (第一批殖民者的主要职责是在火星上
创造一个人造环境，那里没有空气可以呼吸，也没有土地可以耕种。)”可知，第一批开拓者将需要创造地球
的条件来解决火星上的基本生活问题。故选 A。
14．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“When a human lives in an environment without gravity or with low
gravity for a long time, the systems in the body weaken. (当一个人长期生活在失重或低重力环境中，体内的系
统就会变弱。)”和“It will also be difficult for Mars colonists to be far from home, living in small spaces, and seeing
the same people over and over. Colonists with depression could put the mission in danger. Fortunately, a few years
ago, a joint Russian and European project called the Mars500 Mission studied people’s reactions in a Mars-like
environment. It is viewed as a great success because scientists were able to see how people handle emotional and
physical stresses.( 对于火星殖民者来说，远离家乡，生活在狭小的空间里，反复看到同样的人也很困难。沮
丧的殖民者可能会使任务陷入危险。幸运的是，几年前，俄罗斯和欧洲的一个联合项目“火星 500 任务”研究
了人类在类火星环境中的反应。它被视为一个巨大的成功，因为科学家们能够看到人们如何处理情绪和身
体压力。)”可推断，第一批开拓者的生活是不同的，但是他们的适应性强。故选 B。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段、最后一段“Mars One will soon start accepting its first colonists. Are you
interested?(火星一号不久将开始接受第一批开拓者。你感兴趣吗?)”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍一家名为
“火星一号”的荷兰公司刊登广告，招聘对殖民火星感兴趣的人，以及介绍在火星居住所存在的问题。所以
“Ready to be Mars’ colonists?(准备好成为火星开拓者了吗?)”作为标题最为合适。故选 B。
十四、（辽宁省 2021 届高三四模）
The idea of turning recycled plastic bottles into clothing is not new. During the last five years, a large number
of clothing companies, businesses and environmental organizations have started turning plastics into fabric to deal
with plastic pollution. But there’s a problem with this method. Research now shows that microfibers could be the
biggest source of plastic in the sea.
Dr. Mark Browne in Santa Barbara, California, has been studying plastic pollution and microfibers for 10
years now. He explains that every time synthetic clothes go into a washing machine, a large number of plastic fibers
fall off. Most washing machines can’t collect these microfibers. So every time the water gets out of a washing
machine, microfibers are entering the sewers and finally end up in the sea.
In 2011, Browne wrote a paper stating that a single piece of synthetic(合成的) clothing can produce more than
1, 900 fibers per wash. Browne collected samples from seawater and freshwater sites around the world, and used a
special way to examine each sample. He discovered that every single water sample contained microfibers.
This is bad news for a number of reasons. Plastic can cause harm to sea life when eaten. Studies have also
shown that plastic can absorb other pollutants.
Based on this evidence, it may seem surprising that companies and organizations have chosen to turn plastic
waste into clothing as an environmental “solution.” Even though the science has been around for a while, Browne
explains that he's had a difficult time getting companies to listen. When he asked well-known clothing companies to
support Benign by Design-his research project that seeks to get clothes that have a bad effect on humans and the
environment out of the market, Browne didn’t get a satisfying answer. Only one women’s clothing company, Eileen
Fisher, offered Browne funding.
8．What has happened during the past five years?
A．Fabric has become much stronger. B．Plastic pollution has been less serious.
C．Many plastic bottles have been reused. D．Microfibers have been greatly improved.
9．What does Browne think of washing synthetic clothes?
A．It is adding microfibers to the clothes.
B．It is worsening environmental problems.
C．It is making synthetic clothes last longer.
D．It is doing great damage to washing machines.
10．What can be inferred about Browne’s Benign by Design research project?
A．It has achieved great success. B．It hasn’t got anything done.
C．It is known to very few people. D．It is facing some difficulties.
11．What’s the best title for the text?
A．It’s important to learn to recycle
B．It’s never easy to solve pollution problems
C．Recycled plastic clothing: solution or pollution?
D．Are human beings moving forward or backward?
【答案】
8．C
9．B
10．D
11．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在处理塑料污染方面，把可回收塑料重组成衣服的一部分
不失为一个好办法，但研究表明，合成型衣服的清洗会产生大量纤维，其中微纤维对海洋环境的危害最为
严重。
8．细节理解题。由第一段“During the last five years, a large number of clothing companies, businesses and
environmental organizations have started turning plastics into fabric to deal with plastic pollution. ”可知，在过去的
五年里，很多制衣公司，企业和环境组织已经开始把塑料转换成纤维来解决环境污染问题。结合上文，企
业是用可回收塑料瓶转换成纤维。由此，在这五年会有很多塑料瓶被再次利用，结合选项，故选 C。
9．细节理解题。由第三段“He discovered that every single water sample contained microfibers.”可知，
Browne 通过自己的研究发现世界各地海水样本中都存在微纤维。结合第四段 Plastic can cause harm to sea life
when eaten.可知，微纤维对海洋生物有很大的危害。由此，合成型衣服的清洗会产生大量微纤维，微纤维的
排放会加重海洋问题，结合选项，故选 B。
10．推理判断题。由最后一段“When he asked well-known clothing companies to support Benign by
Design-his research project that seeks to get clothes that have a bad effect on humans and the environment out of
the market, Browne didn’t get a satisfying answer. ”可知，在 Browne 要求世界知名制衣公司支持把对人类和环
境有危害的衣服撤出市场的研究项目时，Browne 并没有得到一个令人满意的答案。由此可推知，他的研究
项目 Benign by Design 遇到了难题，结合选项，故选 D。
11．标题判断题。由第一段“ During the last five years, a large number of clothing companies, businesses and
environmental organizations have started turning plastics into fabric to deal with plastic pollution.”（ 在过去的五
年里，大量的服装公司、企业和环保组织已经开始将塑料变成织物来处理塑料污染）和第一段“Research now
shows that microfibers could be the biggest source of plastic in the sea.”（ 研究显示,微纤维是海洋塑料的最大来
源。）由此可知，文章就这项技术究竟是对环境的保护还是对环境的再次污染进行说明。故 C 项（Recycled
plastic clothing: solution or pollution?）回收塑料服装：是解决方案还是污染？能够概括文章中心，可作为标
题。故选 C。
十五、（辽宁省 2021 届高三四模）
A T-shirt that constantly monitors the heart’s activity and detects abnormalities could help protect people
against stroke. The T-shirt, which can be washed up to 35 times before it needs replacing, has been developed to
improve the detection of dangerous heart conditions like atrial fibrillation(心房颤动), which causes an irregular
heart rhythm and raises the risk of stroke.
At least one million people in Britain are known to have this condition; however, it’s estimated that at least
another 500,000 have it but haven’t yet been diagnosed because they have no obvious symptoms. Some will have
symptoms such as chest pain, dizziness and fatigue; but a large number of people have no idea they’re ill until they
suffer a stroke.
Detecting atrial fibrillation involves carrying out an ECG(心电图). Conventional ECGs are done in a hospital
and involve highly trained teams of staff attaching up to 24 separate electrodes(电极) to different parts of the
body to measure electrical signals. But most patients experience abnormal rhythms only intermittently(间歇
地). This means the chance of picking them up during a short hospital check is slim.
Doctors sometimes issue patients with a device called a Holter monitor to wear under their clothes to try to
pick up cardiac(心脏的) problems. This is an electronic box which clips onto your waistband and is connected to a
series of electrodes worn on the upper part of your body. But the box itself is quite bulky, hard to hide beneath
clothing and involves a dozen or more wires being attached to the patient’s chest.
The Cardioskin T-shirt, which is made from cotton, could be a much more convenient alternative and can be
worn 24 hours a day — meaning it is more likely to pick up any abnormal rhythms in the patient’s heart. It has 15
tiny electrodes woven into the material which are strategically placed around the chest area to track the electrical
signals from the heart as they travel across the main part of your body.
The electrodes are powered by a battery which can be removed easily when you need to wash the T- shirt and
feed results to a microchip which then sends them out wirelessly to an app. This converts(转换) the data into an
easy-to-read chart showing if the heart rate is abnormal. The results are shared with the patient’s doctor so they can
check the patient’s heart without having to call them into the hospital.
Martin Cowie, a professor of cardiology at Imperial College London, said, “Cardioskin could be an important
development for cardiologists.”
12．How many British people are having dangerous heart conditions according to the text?
A．Less than 0.5 million. B．Less than 1 million.
C．At least 1.5 million. D．At least 2 million.
13．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A．The difficulty in detecting atrial fibrillation.
B．The benefit of detecting atrial fibrillation.
C．The process of detecting atrial fibrillation.
D．The future of detecting atrial fibrillation.
14．Why did the author mention a Holter monitor in the text?
A．To show how convenient the Cardioskin T-shirt is.
B．To introduce a way to check the patient’s heart.
C．To encourage people to care about their health.
D．To explain why doctors like using the device.
15．What can we learn about the Cardioskin T-shirt?
A．It has a battery that can be charged easily and quickly.
B．It can be worn a month without being washed.
C．It has electrodes placed all over the T-shirt.
D．It can speed up the process of diagnosis.
【答案】
12．C
13．A
14．A
15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了一件能持续监控心脏活动并检测异常的 T 恤衫，并着重介绍了
它给人们带来益处。
12．细节理解题。由第二段“At least one million people in Britain are known to have this condition; however,
it’s estimated that at least another 500,000 have it but haven’t yet been diagnosed because they have no obvious
symptoms.”可知，英国至少有一百万人患有这种疾病；然而，估计至少还有 500，000 人患有此病，但由于
没有明显的症状，还没有被诊断出来。所以根据本文，至少有 150 万英国人患有危险的心脏疾病。故 C 选
项正确。
13．主旨大意题。由第三段“But most patients experience abnormal rhythms only intermittently(间歇地).
This means the chance of picking them up during a short hospital check is slim.”可知，但是大多数患者只是间歇
性地出现异常节律。这意味着在短期医院检中检查出它的机率微乎其微。由此可知，本段主要陈述检测心
房颤动的困难。故 A 选项正确。
14．推理判断题。由第四段“But the box itself is quite bulky, hard to hide beneath clothing and involves a
dozen or more wires being attached to the patient’s chest.”。以及第五段“The Cardioskin T-shirt, which is made
from cotton, could be a much more convenient alternative and can be worn 24 hours a day ”可知，但是这个盒子本
身体积很大，很难藏在衣服下面，并且有十几根或更多的电线连接到病人的胸部。由棉花制成 CardioskinT
恤衫可能是一种更方便的选择，可以一天 24 小时穿着——这意味着它更有可能捕捉到患者心脏的任何异常
节律。由此推知，作者在文中提到了一个 Holter 监护仪的装置目的就是为了展示这件 CardioskinT 恤衫有多
方便。故 A 选项正确。
15．推理判断题。由倒数第二段“The electrodes are powered by a battery which can be removed easily when
you need to wash the T- shirt and feed results to a microchip which then sends them out wirelessly to an app. This
converts the data into an easy-to-read chart showing if the heart rate is abnormal. The results are shared with the
patient’s doctor so they can check the patient’s heart without having to call them into the hospital.”可知， 电极由
一个电池供电，当你需要清洗 T 恤并将结果输入微芯片，微芯片会将结果无线发送给一个应用程序时，电
池很容易被移除。这转换将数据整理成易于阅读的图表，显示心率是否异常。结果与病人的医生分享，这
样他们就可以检查病人的心脏，而不必叫他们去医院。由此推知，CardioskinT 恤衫对病人来说有很大的益
处，它加速了诊断的过程。故 D 选项正确。
十六、（ 2021 届高三模拟）
Many students of the past and present would agree that their favorite thing on campus is the vending machine.
Whether it’s serving up snacks or drinks, beholding the grand machine full of popular options with the luxury of
money in your pocket and the power to choose whatever suits you most in that moment is a cherished feeling. If
only, so many people wonder, it was this easy and affordable for kids to get their hands on new books? Well...it
could be, in fact.
And that's why this school just opened its first scholastic vending machine. In a bid to get kids reading more,
this school is taking a new approach: present the best-selling page-turners of the world in a kid-friendly package.
With racing imaginations that never turn off and a hunger for any excuse to do anything except their homework, it's
more often than not that kids just need to open up a book in order to get sucked in and start flipping through pages
left and right. And pretty much no kid can resist the temptations of a vending machine.
But this vending machine gets even better: the books inside are available through the purchase of tokens—not
money. And these tokens are earned through a system that rewards kids from visiting and finishing other books.
Through a partnership with the local library, students can check out and return books there for free to qualify
themselves for the book vending program, which prevents difficulties affording books independently from
becoming an issue for these students.
Once the students have earned a token, they've earned a free book—from a machine stocked with $1,000
worth of books inside. The vending machine even features books from every genre to ensure that there's something
for everyone.
4．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．How a vending machine functions. B．What makes students excited on campus.
C．What inspires the vending machine program D．How a vending machine brings convenience.
5．What do we know about the new vending machine?
A．It provides a limited category of books. B．Students earn its tokens by reading books.
C．Children can borrow books from it for free. D．About 1000 books are available in each machine.
6．Which words can best describe the Scholastic vending program?
A．Advanced but complex. B．Traditional and effective.
C．Pioneering but impractical. D．Creative and considerate.
7．What's the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To advertise a vending machine that serves books.
B．To introduce a new way to encourage children to read.
C．To promote a system designed to improve reading ability.
D．To suggest a new approach to dealing with learning difficulty.
【答案】
4．C
5．B
6．D
7．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了让孩子们多读书，一所学校开设了一台图书自动贩卖
机，且里面的书可以通过阅读获得，这台自动贩卖机甚至提供各种类型的书籍，以确保每个人都能买到自
己喜欢的类型。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Many students of the past and present would agree that their favorite thing on
campus is the vending machine. Whether it’s serving up snacks or drinks, beholding the grand machine full of
popular options with the luxury of money in your pocket and the power to choose whatever suits you most in that
moment is a cherished feeling. If only, so many people wonder, it was this easy and affordable for kids to get their
hands on new books? Well... it could be, in fact.(许多过去和现在的学生都会同意，他们在校园里最喜欢的东西
是自动售货机。无论是供应零食还是饮料，看着满是流行选择的大机器，口袋里有钱，可以选择那一刻最
适合自己的东西，是一种值得珍惜的感觉。很多人都在想，如果孩子们能这么容易地买到新书就好了，而
且还能负担得起？嗯……事实上，这是可以的)”可知，第一段主要讲了是什么激发了图书自动贩卖机程序的
产生。故选 C。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But this vending machine gets even better: the books inside are available
through the purchase of tokens—not money. And these tokens are earned through a system that rewards kids from
visiting and finishing other books.(但这台图书自动贩卖机更棒：里面的书可以通过代币买到——而不是钱。
这些代币是通过一个奖励孩子参观和完成其他书籍的系统获得的)”可知，学生可以通过读书来获得图书自动
贩卖机的代币。故选 B。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段中“And that's why this school just opened its first scholastic vending machine. In
a bid to get kids reading more, this school is taking a new approach: present the best-selling page-turners of the
world in a kid-friendly package.(这就是为什么这所学校刚刚开了第一个图书自动贩卖机。为了让孩子们多读
书，这所学校采取了一种新方法：用儿童友好型包装呈现世界上最畅销的书)”以及第三段中“Through a
partnership with the local library, students can check out and return books there for free to qualify themselves for
the book vending program, which prevents difficulties affording books independently from becoming an issue for
these students.(通过与当地图书馆的合作，学生可以在那里免费借阅和还书，从而使自己有资格参加图书售
卖计划，这防止了这些学生难以独立提供图书成为一个问题)”可推知，图书自动贩卖机是一种新方法且预防
了学生难以独立提供图书的问题，可见其具有创造性且考虑周到。故选 D。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段中“And that's why this school just opened its first scholastic vending machine. In
a bid to get kids reading more, this school is taking a new approach: present the best-selling page-turners of the
world in a kid-friendly package.(这就是为什么这所学校刚刚开了第一个图书自动贩卖机。为了让孩子们多读
书，这所学校采取了一种新方法：用儿童友好型包装呈现世界上最畅销的书)”结合文章主要介绍了为了让孩
子们多读书，一所学校开设了一台图书自动贩卖机，且里面的书可以通过阅读获得，这台自动贩卖机甚至
提供各种类型的书籍，以确保每个人都能买到自己喜欢的类型。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一
种鼓励孩子们阅读的新方式。故选 B。
十七、（ 2021 届高三模拟）
After exactly a year of staying at home, we have adapted to socializing digitally, in short bursts of
time.Remember in Before Times you could head to the gym after work and then get dressed for dinner and a night
out? The pandemic(疫情) has changed this. Our social batteries have run out of charge. It's been a long time since
we had to perform our social role for an extended period.
For 23-year-old Hafsa, the excitement of her friends and family to restart their social lives has left her
astonished. “ At the minute my parents are planning a trip abroad and I keep postponing getting back to them with a
date,” she explains. “They don't know it's because of all of this. Just the thought of being in a room full of people is
scary, it's like going back to school.”
Heather Garbutt, psychotherapist of the Counselling & Psychotherapy Centre says communication is key to
recharging your unused social battery. “Take it slowly and don't immediately organize a large get-together,” she
advises. “Go for a walk with somebody for no more than half an hour and gently get used to being with people
again. It may actually be a shock to our system which has been shut down to some degree to cope with absence. We
may have that longing to be with others, but that doesn't mean we are free from anxiety. It would be good to start
off with a conversation about what it's going to be like when you are all together again.”
She says finding some causal topics to discuss also works. Acknowledge that many of you may feel a bit
awkward after being physically apart for so long. It's a bit like learning to walk again after you've broken a limb. It
may all be off-balance to begin with but you will find a new steadiness with practice. Whatever happens
post-pandemic, your loved ones can't judge if you want to take it easy and not engage in the festivities immediately.
We are recovering from a post-pandemic stress disorder, after all.
8．What has become of us after a year of staying at home?
A．We are addicted to chatting with people online'
B．We may feel it impossible to go back to normal
C．We are quite looking forward to being with people.
D．We may find it hard to socialize with others like before.
9．How did Hafsa feel about restarting her social life?
A．Anxious. B．Excited.
C．Astonished. D．Guilty.
10．What does Heather Garbutt advise us to do to get reconnected?
A．Pay a visit to a close friend and stay over.
B．Hang out with your friends for several hours.
C．Have a brief chat about your future get-together.
D．Ignore those who are anxious about connecting with others.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．What Can Help Repair Our Social Networks?
B．How Can We Restore Our Social Batteries?
C．When Can We Speed Up Our Reunion Plan?
D．Why Did the Pandemic Mess Up Our Social Life?
【答案】
8．D
9．A
10．C
11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述经过疫情的隔离在家后，我们该如何恢复我们的社会电池，
重启社交生活。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Our social batteries have run out of charge. It's been a long time since we had
to perform our social role for an extended period.(我们的社会电池已经没电了。我们已经很长一段时间没有扮
演我们的社会角色了。)”可知，待在家一年后，我们可能发现很难像以前一样与别人社交。故选 D 项。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段中“At the minute my parents are planning a trip abroad and I keep postponing
getting back to them with a date,” she explains. “They don't know it's because of all of this. Just the thought of
being in a room full of people is scary, it's like going back to school.”(“当时我的父母正计划出国旅行，而我却一
直推迟给他们定个日期，”她解释说，“他们不知道是因为这一切。一想到在一间满是人的屋子里就很可怕，
就像回到学校一样。”)可知，Hafsa 对于重新开始社交生活感到焦虑。故选 A 项。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“It would be good to start off with a conversation about what it's going
to be like when you are all together again.(最好先谈谈你们重新在一起的时候会是什么样子。)”可知，Heather
Garbutt 对于重聚的建议是简单聊聊未来的聚会。故选 C 项。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章内容，结合第一段最后两句“Our social batteries have run out of charge. It's been
a long time since we had to perform our social role for an extended period.(我们的社会电池已经没电了。我们已
经很长一段时间没有扮演我们的社会角色了。)”可知，本文主要讲述经过疫情的隔离在家后，我们该如何恢
复我们的社会电池，重启社交生活。“我们如何恢复我们的社会电池?”最适合作文章标题。故选 B 项。
十八、（ 2021 届高三模拟）
Cats don't avoid people who upset their owners, proving they're just as disloyal as we always suspected, a new
study confirms. The study will be a blow to enthusiastic cat lovers across the country, as their kitty friends appear to
have lived up to their reputation of being aloof and uncaring. But dog owners can cheer that man's best friend still
has their back.
Having previously showed that dogs avoided a person who behaved negatively towards their owner,
researchers tried the same experiment with cats to see how they reacted. For the study, cats watched as their owner
tried unsuccessfully to open a transparent container to take out an object, and then requested help from a person
sitting nearby. Some people helped the pet owner and others didn't, before they all offered food to the animals.
In the dog experiment, most dogs preferred not to take food from people who didn't help their owners. But cats
weren't phased and showed no preference between helpers and passive bystanders, eating food from whoever
offered it.
The study's 'lead author Hitomi Chijiiwa wrote: “One possible reason for domestic cats showing no sign of a
negativity bias(偏见) might be that cooperation is not typical of this species. Whereas dogs are known to cooperate
with humans and conspecifics(同类) in various real and experimental contexts， the same is not true of cats.
Domestic cats originated from a less sociable ancestor than did dogs, and they have not been subjected to artificial
selection for cooperation with humans. However,group hunting did not evolve in small cats, because the size of
their typical prey items remained unchanged even as cat communities grew bigger."
“Thus,cats can be considered as at least potentially 'social' and 'flexible' in terms of social structure, but not
'cooperative'. The ability to evaluate others based on indirect experiences might be restricted to more cooperative
species.”
12．What does the underlined word “aloof” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Distant B．Aggressive
C．Sensitive D．Greedy.
13．How do cats differ from dogs in the experiment?
A．They tend to show no preference for food.
B．They are likely to wait for food without doing anything.
C．They refuse to eat food from those offending their owners.
D．They don't care about food givers' attitude to their owners.
14．What can we learn about cats from the last two paragraphs?
A．They originated from a less flexible ancestor.
B．They lack the ability to directly evaluate others.
C．They haven't been trained since their domestication.
D．They haven't evolved through cooperation with humans.
15．How does the author illustrate his idea in the whole passage?
A．By referring to previous findings. B．By giving examples.
C．By analyzing cause and effect D．By explaining a concept.
【答案】
12．A
13．D
14．D
15．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文，最新一项研究表明猫不会避开不帮助自己主人的人。
12．词义猜测题。上文“proving they're just as disloyal as we always suspected”提到这证明了猫就像我们一
直怀疑的那样不忠诚，划线词后的 and 连接并列意义，由“uncaring”及语境可知推知，划线词所在句意为“这
项研究对全国的爱猫人士来说可真是个不小的打击，因为猫咪朋友们的表现似乎没有辜负其冷漠、不关心
人的名声”。aloof 意为“冷漠的”。故选 A 项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“In the dog experiment, most dogs preferred not to take food from people
who didn't help their owners. But cats weren't phased and showed no preference between helpers and passive
bystanders, eating food from whoever offered it.(在狗的实验中，大多数狗不喜欢从不帮助主人的人那里取食
物。但是猫并不分阶段，在帮手和被动的旁观者之间也没有表现出偏好，它们会吃任何人提供的食物。)”
可知，猫不在意食物提供者对主人的态度。故选 D 项。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Whereas dogs are known to cooperate with humans and conspecifics(同
类) in various real and experimental contexts, the same is not true of cats. Domestic cats originated from a less
sociable ancestor than did dogs, and they have not been subjected to artificial selection for cooperation with
humans. However,group hunting did not evolve in small cats...(而众所周知，狗与人类及同类在各种实际和实验
环境中合作，猫却不是这样。家猫的祖先比狗更不爱交际，它们也没有受到人工选择的影响而与人类合作。
然而，小型猫科动物并没有进化出群体狩猎……)”可知，猫并不是通过与人类合作而进化的。故选 D 项。
15．推理判断题。第一段“Cats don't avoid people who upset their owners, proving they're just as disloyal as
we always suspected, a new study confirms.”提到，一项新的研究证实，猫不会避开那些让主人不开心的人，
这证明了它们就像我们一直怀疑的那样不忠，结合第四段中“One possible reason…”可知本段解释了其原因，
最后一段中“Thus, cats can be considered as at least potentially ‘social’ and ‘flexible’ in terms of social structure,
but not ‘cooperative’. The ability to evaluate others based on indirect experiences might be restricted to more
cooperative species.(因此，就社会结构而言，猫至少可以被认为具有潜在的‘社会性’和‘灵活性’，但不具有‘合
作性’。基于间接经验评估他人的能力可能仅限于更具合作性的物种。)”说明了其影响，所以全文是通过分
析原因和影响来阐述其观点的。故选 C 项。
十九、（ 2021 届高三模拟）
Genealogy, or researching your family tree, is a hobby that can rapidly develop into an obsession. Before you
start looking for your own ancestors, read this advice from genealogist Maria McLeod.
The first question to ask yourself is why you want to research your family tree. Genealogy is not about
discovering that you are the lost prince or princess of an unknown kingdom. It’s about finding more about yourself.
For most people the important question is “Why am I like I am?” You might not look like other members of your
immediate family and you want to know where your green eyes or curly hair come from. You may be curious about
why you have such a quick temper. You may even be suffering from a medical condition and want to know if
something in your genetic makeup has caused it.
Another common motivation for researching your family tree is that you plan to visit the place that your
ancestors came from and you secretly hope that you will find some long lost cousins with whom you can share your
memories. There can be few more exciting things than meeting a distant cousin who is living on the other side of
the globe and finding that she looks just like your younger sister. But you should also bear in mind that they may
not necessarily want to have anything to do with you. Sometimes there are skeletons in the cupboard that you and
your branch of the family are unaware of, but which are still fresh in the minds of your more distant relatives.
Once you are clear about your motivations, you need to take a moment to think about just how many ancestors
you might have and how far back you intend to go. You have, no doubt, thought about your parents’ parents and
your parents’ parents’ parents. But go back ten generations and the picture becomes much more complicated. You
can work it out for yourself. You may be descended(遗传) from no fewer than 1,024 people through ten generations.
This can mean that you spend hours going through official records, either in person at the records office or on the
Internet. Are you prepared for such a huge task?
8．What might be Maria Mcleod’s first piece of advice be?
A．Be prepared to accept your bad temper.
B．Don’t expect to find lovely relatives.
C．Be prepared to find out your hidden health problems.
D．Don’t expect to find out you are a member of a royal family.
9．Why are some relatives unwilling to meet you?
A．You may bring back bad memories.
B．They find it disturbing to entertain you.
C．They suspect you of having wrong motives.
D．You could remind them of their lost loved ones.
10．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．Who your great grandparents are.
B．When you can finish your huge task.
C．Why researching a family tree is complex.
D．How many people you are descended from.
11．What is the best title for the text?
A．Uncovering family secrets: do you dare?
B．The science of genealogy: new developments
C．Expert opinions on researching your family past
D．A step-by-step guide to researching your family tree
【答案】
8．D
9．A
10．D
11．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了系谱学家玛丽亚·麦克劳德对于研究家谱的一些建议。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Genealogy is not about discovering that you are the lost prince or princess of an
unknown kingdom. It’s about finding more about yourself. ”可知，家谱并不是要发现你是一个未知王国失落的
王子或公主。而是为了找到更多关于你自己的东西。所以玛丽亚·麦克劳德的第一条建议是 D 选项“别指望
发现你是皇室成员。故选 D 项。
9．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“But you should also bear in mind that they may not necessarily want to
have anything to do with you. Sometimes there are skeletons in the cupboard that you and your branch of the
family are unaware of, but which are still fresh in the minds of your more distant relatives.”可知，但你也应该记
住，他们不一定想和你有任何关系。有时候，你和你的家族中有一些不为人知的不可告人的秘密，但这些
秘密在你的远房亲戚们的头脑中仍然是新鲜的。所以为什么有些亲戚不愿意见你是因为你可能会带来不好
的回忆。故选 A 项。
10．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“But go back ten generations and the picture becomes much more
complicated. ”但回溯十代人，情况就复杂得多了。再根据“You may be descended(遗传) from no fewer than
1,024 people through ten generations. ”你可能是不少于 1024 人的后裔，历经十代。所以根据上下文的语境可
以判断出，it 指代的是“你是多少人的后裔”。故选 D 项。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Genealogy, or researching your family tree, is a hobby that can rapidly develop
into an obsession. Before you start looking for your own ancestors, read this advice from genealogist Maria
McLeod.”可知，研究族谱，或者研究你的家谱，是一种爱好，可以迅速发展成为一种痴迷的爱好。在你开
始寻找你自己的祖先之前，看看系谱学家玛丽亚·麦克劳德的建议以及下文对建议的具体说明。可知，短文
的最佳标题为“专家关于研究家族过去的建议”。故选 C 项。
二十、（ 2021 届高三模拟）
Now the reason cooking has become so popular, especially among men, is that the kitchen is the new
workshop. Deprived（剥夺）of the requirement to practice his hands-on skills in wood or metal, the modern man
turns to the chopping-board worktop instead — previously this was more likely to be the woman’s area. It involves
tools, process and planning, and satisfies a natural desire to produce something.
I like fooling about in the kitchen, to be honest. Last night, tired of too many visits to over-priced restaurants, I
tried to do something a bit clever with meats and vegetables. It was all right, I suppose. I mean, my guest and I both
ate it, but in a slightly awkward sort of way. It was all a bit brown. More to the point, it took hours and hours that
could have been spent on something more constructive, such as mending the cooker. There are also three dead
motorcycles in the garage, and they’re not going to repair themselves. I therefore recommend the “Strength
Through Simplicity” cooking style-the new stage of culinary(烹饪的) progress shall be the garage.
I’m hoping to introduce the idea of garage cooking in a new TV series and, as usual, would welcome any
suggestions; anything suitable for consumption by a man who has one reasonably clean hand and one coated with
machine oil he’d rather not put near his face. This is not, in fact, without precedent(先例) I’ve been in a factory in
India where the workers baked breads on the tops of hot machines, and they somehow tasted better for being a
by-product of industrial effort.
Tonight I’ve had an oil change with a side of chain adjustment accompanied by beans and sausages.
12．According to the author, why are men increasingly interested in cooking?
A．They find it more enjoyable than working in a workshop.
B．They now have fewer opportunities to create things.
C．It is now more socially acceptable for men to cook.
D．Women are generally spending less time cooking.
13．What does the author think of the meal he prepared last night?
A．He didn’t practice his cooking skill fully.
B．He should have used the restaurant recipe.
C．He could have used the cooking time better.
D．He didn’t receive any encouragement from his guest.
14．What does the author most probably do?
A．A media worker. B．A restaurant critic.
C．A cook. D．An engineer.
15．What does the author want to imply by using the example of India workers?
A．The wisdom of industrial workers has been overlooked.
B．Skills learnt in a factory can be applied in cooking a meal.
C．Food cooked in a garage tastes as delicious as that from a kitchen.
D．Meals have previously been prepared in unusual workplace settings.
【答案】
12．B
13．C
14．A
15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了现在烹饪之所以如此受欢迎，尤其是在男性中，是因为厨房是
新的作坊，它涉及到工具、过程和计划，满足了生产某种东西的自然欲望。作者觉得可以更好地利用烹饪
时间，因此作者提出了新的烹饪理念----车库烹饪理念。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“ Deprived of the requirement to practice his hands-on skills in wood or metal,
the modern man turns to the chopping-board worktop instead”可知，现在的男人被剥夺了用木头或金属来练习
动手技能，而是转向了砧板工作台。由此判断出根据作者的说法，为什么男人对烹饪越来越感兴趣是因为
他们现在创造东西的机会越来越少。故选 B 项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“More to the point, it took hours and hours that could have been spent on
something more constructive, such as mending the cooker. ”可知，更重要的是，这些时间本可以花在更有建设
性的事情上，比如修理厨具。所以作者觉得他本可以更好地利用烹饪时间的。故选 C 项。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“I’m hoping to introduce the idea of garage cooking in a new TV series and,
as usual, would welcome any suggestions”可知，我希望在一部新的电视连续剧中介绍车库烹饪的想法，和往
常一样，欢迎大家提出任何建议。所以根据关键词“in a new TV series”判断出作者是媒体工作者。故选 A 项。
15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This is not, in fact, without precedent(先例) I’ve been in a factory in India
where the workers baked breads on the tops of hot machines, and they somehow tasted better for being a
by-product of industrial effort.”事实上，这并非没有先例，我曾在印度的一家工厂工作，那里的工人在热机器
的顶部烤面包，不知怎的，他们工业的副产品尝起来更好。由此判断出，以前人们在不寻常的工作场所准
备饭菜。故选 D 项。
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