专题 05 阅读理解之议论文
一、（广东省珠海市 2021 届高三模拟）
Volunteering means working for free to help someone else. Mrs. Obama says volunteering is very important.
"It should be part of everyone's life,"she says.
Many teens agree. They say that helping others feels great and makes a difference. These days, more
teensvolunteer than work for pay. Teens clean up parks, walk dogs at animal shelters, visit the elderly, and more.
Some cities— including Seattle, Chicago, and Washington, D．C．— require high school students to volunteer.
Students must volunteer in order to graduate. The student volunteers learn new skills and help their
communities( 社区).
Many parents subscribe to the idea they say volunteering helps teens build job skills. But most teens don't
want to be forced to volunteer. They say they are busy. And they say volunteering is only fun if it's a choice.
Read both sides of the debate and decide.
Yes
Volunteering can help teens get into college or get a job.
Many cities and towns need help. Volunteers can help keep important programs going.
Not all teens will volunteer if it isn't required. Schools should require students to do all they can to get ready
for adult life.
No
Most teens are already very busy with classes, homework, jobs, and sports. Forcing them to do more isn't fair.
It should be up to each person. Helping doesn't feel good if you must do it.
Finding a volunteer job isn't always easy. Students shouldn't be kept from graduating because of something
they can't control.
12．It is known from the text that in Washington.D．C．___________.
A．everyone would like to volunteer
B．finding a volunteer job is not difficult
C．volunteering is a must for college students
D．high school students won't graduate if they don't volunteer
13．What does the underlined phrase "subscribe to" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Correct. B．Like. C．Stress. D．Review.
14．How does the "No" side feel about volunteer jobs?
A．Volunteer jobs waste students' precious(宝贵的) time.
B．Volunteer jobs won't help teens prepare for their adult life.
C．Volunteer jobs are not as important as students' homework.
D．Students shouldn't be stopped from graduation because of not volunteering.
15．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．Who are best to do volunteer jobs.
B．Whether volunteering is good for students.
C．What kind of volunteer jobs students should do.
D．Whether students should be required to volunteer.
【答案】
12．D
13．B
14．D
15．D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文通过米歇尔·奥巴马引出自愿者这个话题，进而介绍了自愿者工作的情
况，并且讨论了学生是否应该被要求做自愿者。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Some cities—including Seattle, Chicago, and Washington,
D.C.—require high school students to volunteer. Students must volunteer in order to graduate.(一些城市——包括
西雅图，芝加哥和华盛顿特区——需要高中生做志愿者。为了毕业学生必须要做志愿工作)”可知，在华盛顿
特区，志愿者是高中生必须做的，否则不准毕业。故选 D 项。
13．词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句中“they say volunteering helps teens build job skills”可知，许多父母
认为志愿者活动帮助青少年提高工作技能，由此可知，许多父母应是同意这个想法，画线短语“ subscribe to”
意为 “赞成，同意”，与选项中 Like(喜欢)意思接近，故选 B 项。
14．细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Students shouldn't be kept from graduating because of something they
can't control.(学生不应该因为一些他们无法控制的事情而被阻止毕业)”可知，反对方认为学生们不应该因为
不参加志愿者活动而被阻止毕业，故选 D 项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，本文通过米歇尔·奥巴马引出自愿者这个话题，进而介绍了自愿者工作的
情况，并结合第五段“Read both sides of the debate and decide.(读一读双方的辩论再决定)”可知，这篇文章主
要讨论学生们是否应该被要求做志愿者，故选 D 项。
二、（湖北省襄阳四中 2021 届高三二模）
Despite being used by 1.34 billion people each year, traveling on the Tube in London can actually be quite
lonely. An unwritten rule encouraging silence, mixed with classic British reserve, means that even though you’re
packed into enclosed space wit hundreds of other people, the morning trip can leave you feeling somewhat lonely.
One London resident, however, is trying to change this. “You get on the Tube here and it’s completely silent
and it’s strange,” says Jonathan Dunne, an American living in London, who has started a campaign of giving out
badges (徽章) with the slogan “Tube Chat?” last month, encouraging travelers in London to get talking to one
another.
Although Dunne says he’s received mostly positive responses, there are always exceptions.
Londoner Brian Wilson responded with a campaign of his own, handing out 500 badges with the words “Don’t
even think about it” on them. “ I can’t stand the idea of having to talk to strangers on the Tube on my way to work,”
he said.
Michael Robinson, a student from London, agrees. “Being on the Tube is the only peace and quiet some
people get on their journeys to and from work. It doesn’t need to be spoiled by people coming up and chatting to
you,” he says.
“People assume that I just walk up and talk to strangers, which I don’t, but it’s been a great way to meet people
you would never have normally spoken to,” Dunne says.So if you ever end up using public transport in London,
why not say hello to the person next to you? Just make sure to check for a badge first.
12．Which partly leads to the silence on the Tube in London?
A．The government’s rule. B．People’s desire for quiet.
C．British people’s personality. D．Awareness of personal privacy.
13．What can the badge with “Tube Chat?” be seen as?
A．A request for keeping silent. B．A special way of greeting someone.
C．A signal of avoiding being disturbed. D．An encouragement to start a conversation.
14．Why does the author mention Brian and Micheal?
A．To stress the importance of communication.
B．To show not everyone agrees with Dunne’s idea.
C．To prove Londoners are speechless on the Tube.
D．To state the disadvantages of chatting with strangers.
15．What’s the best tile for the passage?
A．Silence on the Tube!
B．Tube Chat or Not
C．Lonely Travel in the London Tube
D．Tube Passengers Wearing Badges
【答案】
12．C
13．D
14．B
15．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章首先指出了伦敦地铁上因为人们相互间并不交流而显得安静、孤独，
因此一个本地人 Jonathan Dunne 提出一项倡导在地铁上聊天的运动，此举受到人们积极的回应，但也有人
提出反对。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“An unwritten rule encouraging silence, mixed with classic British
reserve, means that even though you’re packed into enclosed space wit hundreds of other people, the morning trip
can leave you feeling somewhat lonely.”（英国有一条不成文的规定，鼓励人们保持沉默，并带有典型的英式
矜持。这意味着，即使你和成百上千的人挤在一个封闭的空间里，早晨的旅行也会让你感到有些孤独）可
知，地铁上气氛沉闷的原因，是与英国人内向、寡言少语的性格有关。故选 C 项。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“who has started a campaign of giving out badges with the slogan"Tube
Chat"last month, encouraging travelers in London to get talking to one another（上个月他开始了一项运动，发放
带有“Tube Chat?”标语的徽章，以此鼓励伦敦的游人们与别人聊天）”可知，试图改变地铁上气氛沉闷这一现
状的伦敦居民 Dunne 提出了倡议人们在地铁上主动发起聊天的运动，徽章上的标语“要在地铁上聊天吗？”
就是鼓励游客们与他人聊天。故选 D 项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段“Although Dunne says he’s received mostly positive responses, there are always
exceptions.”可知，尽管 Dunne 的倡议受到很多人的肯定，但也有反对的声音，紧接着就给出了 Brian 和 Michael
的反对意见，提到他们就是为了佐证这一点，与 B 选项“并不是每个人都同意 Dunne 的想法”说法一致。故
选 B 项。
15．主旨大意题。总览全文可知，文章从伦敦地铁上人们寡言少语、缺乏交流的现象出发，围绕着是
否应该改变这种现状给出了不同的看法、意见，B 选项“地铁是否聊天”中包含话题中心词 Tube chat 一词，
也表达出了议论的话题，适合作为标题。故选 B 项。
三、（江苏省南通如皋中学 2021 届高三模拟）
The playing field is never even or equal. Your skills and attitude play a major role in the outcome. Knowing
what you can do to have an advantage can make the difference between success and failure.
My kids tell me it's unfair to play with the big children. I tell them that's right. Unfairness is a good thing.
There is more to be gained by the effort when things seem unfair. It is true that many things in the world are unfair.
But unfair things usually can be a boon to you. For example, the early bird catches the worm. It is unfair that the
bird that sleeps in misses out on breakfast but it is nice to know that if it gets up early it is sure to get the worm.
I always try to explain to my kids that complaining about how unfair something is will get them nowhere.
Instead, make the most out of it and get on the other side of it. Once you do that you are in the advantage. Above all,
you have to focus on gaining that unfair advantage and in order to do that, build your inner strength, When you
empower （武装） yourself, you are gaining skills or abilities， confidence and self-esteem （自尊）.
You should look at your place in the world. Where do you want to be financially, spiritually, emotionally, and
physically ? You are creating your own story when you empower yourself.
You can build all the advantages that you need to live the life that you want. If you haven't yet, you need to
make a list of all the things you want to experience in your new life. This will help you focus on building
advantages so that you never have to say that it's Not Fair. When you do this then you will be able to realize that
unfairness is a good thing and you will want to teach those around you to see unfairness in this way too.
12．What docs the underlined word "boon" in Paragraph 2 probably mean ?
A．Something that is very terrible. B．Something that is very helpful
C．Something that is very kind D．Something that is very scared
13．What can we infer from the example of the playing field used by the author?
A．The author wants to introduce his topic
B．The author wants to support his opinion
C．He wants tell us that having an advantage is needed
D．He wants to show skills and attitudes are important in playing games
14．What is the best way to deal with unfairness according to the author?
A．Just accept it. B．Thy to change it.
C．Simply ignore it. D．Make good use of it.
15．You are told to look at your place in the world in order to ________.
A．make yourself better B．be proud of yourself
C．have more confidence D．know others' advantages
【答案】
12．B
13．A
14．D
15．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为不公平是普遍存在的现象，但不公平是有益处的。在竞争中，你
的技能和态度对结果起着重要作用。知道你可以做什么来获得优势可以决定成功和失败。
12．词句猜测题。根据第二段“For example, the early bird catches the worm. It is unfair that the bird that
sleeps in misses out on breakfast but it is nice to know that if it gets up early it is sure to get the worm.”（例如，早
起的鸟有虫吃。睡懒觉的鸟错过了早餐是不公平的，但很高兴知道，如果它起得早，肯定会吃到虫子。）
由此可知，公平的事情通常会给你带来益处。由此可知，划线词的意思是“有益处的东西”。故选 B 项。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“The playing field is never even or equal. Your skills and attitude play a major
role in the outcome. Knowing what you can do to have an advantage can make the difference between success and
failure”（竞技场从来就不是平等的。你的技能和态度对结果起着重要作用。知道你可以做什么来获得优势
可以决定成功和失败。）根据第二段“Unfairness is a good thing. There is more to be gained by the effort when
things seem unfair. It is true that many things in the world are unfair.”（ 不公平是件好事。当事情看起来不公平
的时候，努力会得到更多。的确，世界上很多事情都是不公平的。）由此判断出，竞技场的例子是为了介
绍主题。故选 A 项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“I always try to explain to my kids that complaining about how unfair something
is will get them nowhere. Instead, make the most out of it and get on the other side of it.” （我总是向我的孩子们
解释，抱怨不公平的事情会让他们一事无成。相反，充分利用它。）由此可知，根据作者的观点，处理不
公平的最好方法是充分利用它。故选 D 项。
15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“You should look at your place in the world. Where do you want to be
financially, spiritually, emotionally, and physically ? You are creating your own story when you empower yourself.”
（ 你应该看看你在世界上的位置。你想在经济上、精神上、情感上和身体上处于什么位置?当你赋予自己
力量时，你正在创造自己的故事。）由此判断出，你被告知要看看你在这个世界上的位置，以便使自己更
好。故选 A 项。
四、（ 2021 届高三模拟）
Nowadays medical technology seems to be advanced enough for doctors to perform brain transplants (移植).
Though this procedure has only been successfully performed on animals so far, doctors are still hoping to perform
this procedure on humans. However, in my opinion, brain transplants should not be performed at all, especially not
on humans because of the large number of problems and side effects that could come along with. Hopefully these
dangerous side effects will convince doctors not to perform this procedure on humans.
Despite many benefits technology brings, I do not think this medical technology of brain transplants will help.
We were all born with one brain and through childhood to adolescence our mind developed into who we are, so if
with a different brain we would no longer be unique. A person with a different brain would seem to be a total
stranger and in many ways they would be. No one should steal our identity from us, even if we are seriously injured,
and change it to a completely new one. Also for the people who have died with healthy brains, that was their
identity and it should not be given to anyone else.
Another problem with brain transplants is how doctors can choose what are “healthy” or “normal” brains. An
elderly person who has died would have an aged brain that would not be as efficient as a younger person’s brain.
Then would doctors have to find healthy brains of the same age as the person who needs it? This could also bring
up other factors such as intelligence, gender, or physical problems that a person might have had before death. Also
another problem might be how long a brain can be kept “alive” after death and how it can be kept “alive” without
damage.
Overall, my feelings about this surgery are that it should not be done on humans until doctors have overcome
all the problems and obstacles (障碍) that stand in their way of making human brain transplants successful.
12．Why does the author think brain transplants should not be performed at all?
A．The cost of the surgery is extremely high.
B．Doctors are not able to perform brain transplants.
C．A good many problems and side effects may arise.
D．This procedure has only been successful on animals.
13．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．People shouldn’t give their healthy brains to others.
B．Having a brain transplant means losing one’s identity.
C．Transplanting brains is changing old brains into new ones.
D．Having brain transplants indicates stealing identity from others.
14．What do we know about “healthy” brains?
A．Aged brains aren’t healthy brains. B．Young brains are always healthy.
C．Healthy brains cannot be kept “alive”. D．It’s very difficult to tell healthy brains.
15．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A．To encourage brain donation.
B．To stress the importance of brain operation.
C．To argue against brain transplants on humans.
D．To introduce the technology of brain transplants.
【答案】
12．C
13．B
14．D
15．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。虽然医疗技术越来越发达，在动物身上已经成功实施了脑部移植，但是作
者认为不应该进行脑部移植，尤其是人类脑部移植。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, in my opinion, brain transplants should not be performed at all,
especially not on humans because of the large number of problems and side effects that could come along with.”可
知，作者认为完全不应该做脑部移植手术，尤其是在人类身上，因为可能会随之而来大量的问题和副作用。
故选 C 项。
13．段落大意题。根据第二段内容，尤其是“We were all born with one brain and through childhood to
adolescence our mind developed into who we are, so if with a different brain we would no longer be unique.(我们
生来都只有一个大脑，从童年到青年，我们的思想逐渐形成现在的自己，所以如果我们有个不同的大脑，
我们将不再独特)”及“Also for the people who have died with healthy brains, that was their identity and it should
not be given to anyone else.(同样，对于有健康大脑而去世的人，那是他们的身份，不应该给其他任何人)”可
知，第二段主要讲做脑部移植意味着失去自己的身份，故选 B 项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句 Another problem with brain transplants is how doctors can choose what
are “healthy” or “normal” brains.(脑部移植的另一个问题是，医生如何选择什么是“健康的”或者“正常的”大脑)
可知，很难辨别“健康的”大脑。故选 D 项。
15．推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段中作者提出自己的观点“in my opinion, brain transplants should not
be performed at all, especially not on humans(我认为，完全不应该做脑部移植手术，尤其是在人类身上)”，接
下来具体分析为什么不赞成脑部移植，最后一段作者再次强调“it should not be done on humans…(它不应该在
人类身上实施……)”，所以本文的目的是反对人类脑部移植。故选 C 项。
五、（ 2021 届高三模拟）
Thirteen-year-old Kaylee has a lot of friends—532, actually, if you count up her online friends. And she
spends a lot of time with them.
But is it possible that Kaylee’s online friendships could be making her lonely? That’s what some experts
believe. Connecting online is a great way to stay in touch, they say. However, some experts worry that many kids
are so busy connecting online that they might be missing out on true friendships.
Could this be true? During your parents’ childhoods, connecting with friends usually meant spending time
with them in the flesh. Kids played Scrabble around a table, not Words With Friends on their phones. When friends
missed each other, they picked up the telephone. Friends might even write letters to each other.
Today, most communication takes place online. A typical teen sends 2,000 texts a month and spends more
than 44 hours per week in front of a screen. Much of this time is spent on social media platforms(平台).
In fact, in many ways, online communication can make friendships stronger, “There’s definitely a positive
influence. Kids can stay in constant contact, which means they can share more of their feelings with each other,”
says Katie Davis, co-author of The App Generation.
Other experts, however, warn that too much online communication can get in the way of forming deep
friendships. “If we are constantly checking in with our virtual words, we will have little time for our real-world
friendships.” says Larry Rosen, a professor at California State University. Rosen also worries that today’s kids
might mistake the “friends” on the social media for true friends in life. However, in tough times, you don’t need
someone to like your picture or share your blogs. You need someone who will keep your secrets and hold your hand.
You would like to talk face to face.
12．What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To summarize the text.
B．To tell about true friends.
C．To bring up a discussion.
D．To encourage online friendship.
13．What does the underlined part “in the flesh” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．In any case. B．In person.
C．In full measure. D．In advance.
14．What is Katie’s attitude towards online communication?
A．Worried. B．Unconcerned. C．Confused. D．Positive.
15．What view does Rosen hold?
A．It’s wise to turn to friends online.
B．It’s easier to develop friendships in reality.
C．Teenagers need focus on real-world friendships.
D．Social media help people stay closely connected.
【答案】
12．C
13．B
14．D
15．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。现在的青少年把更多的时间用于网上交友，这样的现象让专家很担忧。
专家认为青少年如果不断地关注虚拟世界，他们将几乎没有时间在现实世界建立真正的友谊。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Thirteen-year-old Kaylee has a lot of friends — 532, actually, if you count up
her online friends. And she spends a lot of time with them.(13 岁的凯莉有很多朋友——事实上，如果你把她的
网上朋友加起来，有532个。她花了很多时间和他们在一起。)”和第二段的“But is it possible that Kaylee’s online
friendships could be making her lonely?（但有没有可能她网络上的朋友让她感到孤独呢？）”可知，第一段阐
述了在网络上有很多朋友的现象，而第二段就此现象提出了一个疑问。由此推知，第一段目的是提出一个
讨论的话题，从而引出下文对于这个话题的讨论。故选 C 项。
13．词义猜测题。根据画线短语前的“During your parent’s childhoods(在你们父母的童年时期)”和画线短
语后的“Kids played Scrabble around a table, not Words With Friends on their phones.(孩子们围着桌子玩拼字游
戏，而不是和朋友们用手机玩文字游戏。)”可知，在你父母的童年时期，与朋友相处通常意味着亲自花时间
与他们在一起。孩子们围着桌子玩拼字游戏，而不是在手机上玩 Words With Friends。由此推知，in the flesh
意为“亲自”，故选 B 项。
14．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“In fact, in many ways, online communication can make friendships
stronger, ‘There’s definitely a positive influence. Kids can stay in constant contact, which means they can share
more of their feelings with each other’ (事实上，在很多方面，网上交流可以让友谊更加牢固。‘这绝对有积极
的影响。孩子们可以经常联系，这意味着他们可以更多地分享彼此的感受。’)” 可推知，Katie 对网络交流
持乐观态度。故选 D 项。
15．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Other experts, however, warn that too much online communication can get
in the way of forming deep friendships. “If we are constantly checking in with our virtual words, we will have little
time for our real-world friendships.” says Larry Rosen, a professor at California State University. Rosen also
worries that today’s kids might mistake the “friends” on the social media for true friends in life. (然而，其他专家警
告说，过多的网上交流可能会妨碍建立深厚的友谊。如果我们不断地使用虚拟世界的语言，我们就没有多
少时间来处理现实世界中的友谊了。加州州立大学教授拉里·罗森说。罗森还担心，现在的孩子可能会把社
交媒体上的“朋友”误认为生活中真正的朋友。)”可知，如果我们不断关注我们的虚拟世界，我们将几乎没有
时间留给现实世界的友谊。Rosen 担心孩子们可能会把社交媒体上的朋友错当成生活中真正的朋友。由此推
知，Rosen 认为青少年需要关注现实世界的友谊。故选 C 项。
六、（辽宁省 2021 届高三四模）
Psychological stress is likely to surface during a human mission to Mars. Prof Jeff Johnson thinks an on-board
“comedian” could keep spirits up during the long journey. He is drawing on his research on the differing
teambuilding approaches of competing polar explorers Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott to prove his point.
Amundsen’s team made it to the South Pole and back while Scott’s died on the return journey.
Well, Roald Amundsen actually put people through tests before they set off to make sure that they would take
orders and, in particular, whether they would challenge any of them. Amundsen would set up situations where there
would be an ambiguous context to see what their responses would be, and if somebody questioned him, they were
out. However, if you read Amundsen’s diary, he writes that Lindstrøm, the cook, was basically the most important
person on the expedition.
Lindstrøm was the comedian. He didn’t actually go to the South Pole, but you’ve got to remember that the
walking expedition was a small component of the overall time that they were on the ice. They were there for well
over a year, waiting to walk to the Pole. They had to wait during the winter and it’s a very tense time when people
are idle (懒散的). Lindstrøm played an essential role in keeping the peace in the group when there were tense
moments, and he would do something funny to get everybody to laugh, which would break the tension.
There are individuals who have these certain natural abilities that you want to be able to recognize and include
when you’re putting together groups that are going to be isolated, such as those going into space. There are a
number of different roles that we’ve discovered are important, but one of them is somebody who has humour.
That’s clearly important. So, you’d want to have somebody like Lindstrøm, somebody who is not only good at what
they have to do (he was a very good cook) but who also has another skillset beyond what’s in the job description.
We can put people together thinking that they’re going to work together in a certain way, but over the course
of time a crisis is bound to happen. There are the kinds of things that make groups more adaptable and help them
function better. You can think about it in terms of atoms: when you put different elements together, they produce
different kinds of things. It’s the same with people. They may have their own characteristics, but when you put
them together, they’re going to create a different kind of situation and we want to have a better idea of what that
might be.
4．By comparing Amundsen with Scott, the author intends to __________.
A．contradict his previous statements B．introduce the topic of the passage
C．illustrate the importance of a comedian D．emphasize the necessity of team spirits
5．What was the very quality Amundsen was valuing in his interview?
A．Willingness to take orders. B．Optimism about success.
C．Eagerness to make progress. D．Curiosity about mysteries.
6．For what reason was Lindstrøm regarded as a key figure on the expedition?
A．He went against the command of the Amundsen in every circumstance.
B．He could make up many jokes about other team members to ease tension.
C．Besides cooking tasty dishes, he was capable of easing tension when it arose.
D．When a vacancy appeared, he was always ready to fill it in and made it work.
7．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．Comedians, keys to landing on Mars B．Atoms, roles of members in a team
C．Teamwork, secret to overall success D．Amundsen, example for group leaders
【答案】
4．C
5．A
6．C
7．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是在人类的火星任务中，杰夫•约翰逊教授认为，一名机上的“喜
剧演员”可以在长途旅行中保持精神抖擞。“喜剧演员”成为了登陆火星的关键。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段的 Prof Jeff Johnson thinks an on-board “comedian” could keep spirits up during
the long journey. He is drawing on his research on the differing team building approaches of competing polar
explorers Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott to prove his point. 杰夫•约翰逊教授认为，一个在船（或飞
机、车）上的“喜剧演员”可以在长途旅行中保持精神抖擞。他利用自己对极地探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森(Roald
Amundsen)和罗伯特·法尔肯·斯科特(Robert Falcon Scott)不同团队建设方法的研究来证明自己的观点。由此
可以推知，通过比较阿蒙森和斯科特，作者试图说明“喜剧演员”的重要性。故选 C。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段的 Well, Roald Amundsen actually put people through tests before they set off to
make sure that they would take orders 罗尔德·阿蒙森(Roald Amundsen)让人们在出发前进行测试，以确保他们
会接受命令，由此可知，阿蒙森在面试中看重的品质是愿意接受命令，故选 A。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段的 Lindstrøm, the cook, was basically the most important person on the
expedition.可知 Lindstrøm 是一个厨师，以及第三段的 Lindstrøm played an essential role in keeping the peace in
the group when there were tense moments, and he would do something funny to get everybody to laugh, which
would break the tension. Lindstrøm 在团队里在保持平静这方面扮演了一个至关重要的角色，当面对紧张时刻
时，他会做一些有趣的让每个人都笑，将这紧张打破。Lindstrøm 被视为一个关键人物是因为除了烹饪美味
佳肴，他还能在紧张情绪出现时缓解紧张情绪。故选 C。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据第一段的 Psychological stress is likely to surface during a human mission
to Mars. Prof Jeff Johnson thinks an on-board “comedian” could keep spirits up during the long journey. 在人类的
火星任务中，心理压力很可能会浮出水面。杰夫•约翰逊教授认为，一名机上的“喜剧演员”可以在长途旅行
中保持精神抖擞。可知“喜剧演员”，登上火星的关键可以是文章最好的标题，故选 A。
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