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译林版高中英语模块七第二单元自主学习任务单
Period 1 Welcome & Reading 1
I. Learning Objectives
After this class, students should be able to:
1. know the process of discovering aspirin and penicillin and their effects.
2. appreciate expository writing and understand medical terms in medical articles.
3. be inspired to have a stronger sense of social responsibility and even devote themselves to
searching more life-saving medicines.
II. Learning Procedure
Lead in
Questions:
1. We are enjoying the longest winter holiday. Can we go out to enjoy ourselves? Why or why
not?
2. What do we need most at this moment?
Step 1. Skimming
Skim the text and find out the answers to these questions:
1. What are the two medicines mentioned in the article?
_____________________________________________
2. What award did Fleming, Florey and Chain share?
______________________________________________
Step 2. Scanning:
Task 1. Scan the text and write down the correct information about these two medicines in
each box.
The development of aspirin and penicillin:
Task 2. Scan the text and fill in the blanks about the effect of aspirin:
Aspirin can:
reduce ____________ and _______________.
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help stop________________
reduce the risk of ________________.
prevent_______________.
reduce the risk of some ______________.
increase _____________of people’s lives.
reduce _____________and help people ____________.
Task 3. Scan the text and fill in the blanks about the effect of penicillin:
Penicillin can be applied to treat illness _______________.
Task 4. Scan the text and find out the problems the development of penicillin as a drug
faced after it was discovered:
a.________________________________________________________________
b.________________________________________________________________
Task 5. Scan the text and match the people and their contributions:
Step 3. Discussion:
1.What conclusion can you draw after you get to know the development of aspirin and
penicillin ?
2. What would have happened had aspirin and penicillin not been invented?
3. What can we students do to maintain a safe and enjoyable environment?
Step 4. Reading strategy
1. How can we understand medical terms？
2. How many kinds of similar words are included in a medical article? what are they?
a. from the same stem （写出与下列单词同一词根的单词）
beneficial (L4) ______________ chemical (L7) ______________
trial (L13) _______________ relief (17) _______________
length (L28) _______________ abnormal (L36) _______________
application (L40) _______________ effective (L45) _______________
approval (L49) ________________
b. compound words （写出下列单词的汉语意思）
1. Hippocrates
2. Dr. Felix Hoffmann
3. Lawrence Craven
4. Smith and Willis
5. Dr. Thun
6. Dr. Yuan Minsheng
7. Alexander Fleming
8. Howard Florey and Ernst
A. discovered penicillin
B. found aspirin could reduce blood sugar level
C. made a juice containing salicylic acid
D. produced aspirin
E. showed aspirin could reduce the risk of some cancers
F. introduced aspirin could reduce the risk of heart attacks
G. proved aspirin could reduce the risk of heart attacks
H. made and tested penicillin in large quantities
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salicylic acid(L11)_________________ life-saving _______________________
best-selling(L17) __________________ heart attack(L21) _________________
blood sugar(L29) __________________ widespread(L50)__________________
c. irregular plural forms （写出下列单词的复数形式）
bacterium(L39)_________________
Step 5. Writing
假如你是李华，给你的朋友张明写一封信，介绍一下现在连云港目前抵抗新冠状病毒的
情况，内容包括：
1. 政府采取的措施。
2. 学生如何学习。
3. 自己未来的打算。
注意：1. 词数 80 词左右。
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 结束语已为你写好。
Dear Zhang Ming,
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
Step 6. Homework
1. Finish the writing after class.
2. Preview the language points in the text.
III. Self-assessment
1. Find out the phrases in the text and write them down.
(1)心脏病发作_________________
(2)大量地 ________________
(3)批量生产 _________________
(4)血管 ________________
(5)减轻痛苦___________________
(6)以……形式_________________
(7)把……分配给_______________
(8)有……的潜力/可能性_________
(9)减少……的风险______________
(10)使……长寿________________
(11)集中于_____________________
(12)打开橱柜 _________________
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(13)看起来不正常______________
(14) 诺贝尔医学奖_____________
(15)应用于……领域_____________
(16)挑选出_____________________
(17)治愈某人某种疾病__________
(18)对……有好处_______________
(19)凑巧；偶然地________________
(20)被认为是……______________
(21)在现代社会 _______________
(22) 在某人身上试验某物______
(23)设法做出某事________________
(24) 共同获得诺贝尔奖________
(25) 由于……的广泛使用________
(26) 用作药品 ________________
2. 根据方框内所给短语的适当形式完成句子
be beneficial to open up in the form of mass production
try out carry out by accident focus on
(1) The doorman ______________ the school gate at six every morning.
(2) At present, the hospital _______________ tests to find out what’s wrong with the patient.
(3) The idea seems good but it needs to ________________.
(4) The standardized _______ of raw milk will improve its quality as well as lowering its cost.
(5) —How did you find your lost key?
—Totally ________________. I was cleaning the drawer when it turned up.
(6) The government welcomes foreign aid ____________________ materials and cash.
(7) Reading, _________________________ our mind, makes us knowledgeable.
(8) With his attention ______________________ his experiment, he didn’t notice my arrival.
3. Reading comprehension （课后拓展阅读说明文两篇：医学类）
A
Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly
wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But
the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation
that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA,
compared with 189 for all of last year.
The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When
vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This
is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t
be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the
vaccine doesn’t work.
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse
vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.
That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange
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County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a
17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk.
Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are
supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering KS5U kindergarten. Seventeen states
allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally
object to a vaccine.
Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no
one does enough to limit exemptions.
Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal
opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll
exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.
1．The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________.
A．a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend
B．the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention
C．anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons
D．information about measles spreads quickly
2．Herd immunity works well when ____________.
A．exemptions are allowed
B．several vaccines are used together
C．the whole neighborhood is involved in
D．new regulations are added to the state laws
3．What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?
A．The overuse of vaccine.
B．The lack of medical care.
C．The features of measles itself.
D．The vaccine opt-outs of some people.
4．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To introduce the idea of exemption.
B．To discuss methods to cure measles.
C．To stress the importance of vaccination.
D．To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.
B
That competition keeps prices down is well known. But it is hard to measure by just how much,
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because prices vary for all sorts of reasons, from differences in labour costs and rents to taxes.
Rising to the challenge is a new paper in The Economic Journal by Giacomo Calzolari, Andrea
Ichino, Francesco Manaresi and Viki Nellas, economists at the European University Institute,
Bologna University and the Italian central bank. They looked at pharmacies(药房) and specifically
at customers who may be particularly easy to rip off: new parents.
Using data for 2007 to 2010 covering about a fifth of pharmacies in Italy, the researchers
measured the way in which prices of hygiene products for babies changed as the number of babies
varied. They took advantage of a peculiar law from the 1960s, according to which regions with at
most 7,500 people are allowed just one pharmacy (supposedly to keep the quality of services high).
They compared prices in places with populations just below this threshold, and just above.
The products studied included some 3,000 varieties of shampoos, bath foams, baby wipes,
creams and so on. Many are also used by adults on themselves. Some people, for example, prefer
sun-cream labeled “for children” because of its high level of protection. When raising prices for
these products, even a pharmacist with a monopoly(垄断) must consider the risk that adult users
will switch to products that are not aimed at children. But a rise in the number of babies, and hence
buyers who are parents, could tip the scales towards price increases. By contrast, the pharmacist
should already be charging as much as parents are willing to pay for products without adult users,
such as nappies.
The scholars found that pharmacists raised prices when there were more new parents----but only
in regions with a single pharmacy, and not for nappies. In monopoly areas a doubling of the number
of babies from one month to the next (not unusual in a small population) coincided with a 5%
increase in the price of the basket of baby-hygiene products.
The study is timely. Italy’s government has started to loosen some of the many restrictions that
stop competition in the pharmacy sector (though not yet the one that the researchers relied on). But
such regulations are plentiful in many other lines of business, and not just in Italy. The consumers
who pay the price are often those who find it hardest to travel to shop around----for example, people
with crying babies on their hands.
5. What’s the purpose of the study?
A. To review the function of the special law for pharmacies.
B. To make clear the relation between competition and prices.
C. To collect the information on pharmacy business in Italy.
D. To gather the data on hygiene products for babies in Italy.
6. “tip the scales” in Paragraph 3 means “_____”.
A. Push the move B. Keep the level C. Control the rise D. Break the balance
7. The government’s new measures will greatly benefit _____.
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A. pharmacy owners B. local merchants C. new parents D. adult users
附录 1：
本课课文内容：
M7U2 Reading
Two life-saving medicines
This article will focus on two drugs that started revolutions in medicine. If you open up any
medicine cupboard or go to any medicine counter in the world, it is likely that you will find aspirin
and penicillin. Both of these medicines have saved millions of people’s lives and have proved
beneficial to mankind since they were invented.
Aspirin
Aspirin was invented in 1897. However, the basic chemical used to make aspirin can be found
in nature. Nearly 3,500 years ago, people chewed on leaves or drank a kind of tea made from leaves
possessing a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever. About 2,500 years ago, the Greek
physician Hippocrates, father of all doctors, made a juice from a tree bark containing salicylic acid
for the same effect. It was in 1897 that a European chemist called Dr Felix Hoffmann produced
aspirin from this chemical. The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899, when the company
Hoffmann worked for began distributing the medicine in powder form to physicians to use with
patients. A year later, in 1900, aspirin was sold in shops in the form of tablets. Within a short time,
aspirin became the best-selling medicine in the world for pain relief.
Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain, but there are also
other things that aspirin can help with. Lawrence Craven, a doctor from the USA, introduced the
idea in 1953 that aspirin had the potential to reduce the risk of heart attacks, because it helped the
blood circulate better. The report was ignored. However, in 1971, Smith and Willis from the UK
proved that aspirin could have that effect, and in 1977 a study carried out in the USA showed that
aspirin could prevent strokes, as well. Eleven years later, Dr Thun from the USA showed that
aspirin could reduce the risk of some cancer by 40 percent. In 1999, aspirin was over 100 years old,
and yet there have been more discoveries on how it can help increase the length of people’s lives. In
2003, a Chinese doctor, Dr Yuan Mingsheng, found that aspirin could reduce blood sugar levels and,
therefore, help people with diabetes.
Penicillin
Another drug that has helped increase the standard of people’s health is penicillin, which is
considered by many to be one of the most important medicines in contemporary society. It was
discovered by a Scottish scientist named Alexander Fleming in 1928. He noted that a dish in which
he was trying to grow bacteria for an experiment looked abnormal - there was blue mould in it. It
astonished him to see the bacteria surrounding the mould dead, which meant that the mould had
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killed them. Fleming tried this mould out on another bacterium and found that it killed the
bacterium too. He immediately realized that the mould might have an application in treating
illnesses caused by bacteria. He named the liquid made from the mould ‘penicillin’. However, the
development of penicillin as a drug faced two problems. First, he was unable to find a procedure to
make penicillin pure enough to work as a medicine. Second, it was difficult to produce penicillin in
the ample quantities needed to be effective. In 1940, two other scientists, Howard Florey
(Australian) and Ernst Chain (German-born English), helped solve these problems, and managed to
make and test the new drug in large quantities. Since the new drug was needed for World War II, the
government approval process for penicillin was accelerated, and mass production began in 1944.
Due to the widespread use of penicillin, many lives were saved during the war. If penicillin had not
been available, many people would have died from sickness or even small wounds. Penicillin
became the greatest drug of 20th century, saving millions of lives.
In 1945, the three scientists, Fleming, Florey and Chain, shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine for
their work.
附录 2：任务单部分答案
Step 1.Skimming
1. Aspirin and penicillin.
2. The Nobel Prize in Medicine.
Step 2. Scanning
Task 1. Scan the text and write the correct information about these two medicines in each box.
The development of aspirin and penicillin:
Aspirin:
1900：sold in shops in the form of tablets
1971：proved to reduce the risk of heart attacks
1977：used to prevent stokes
2003：used to reduce blood sugar levels
Penicillin：
1928：discovered by Alexander Fleming
1940：made and tested in large quantities
1944：mass production began :
Task 2.Scan the text and fill in the blanks about the effect of aspirin:
reduce body pains and fever
help stop pain
reduce the risk of heart attacks
prevent strokes
reduce the risk of some cancers
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increase the length of people’s lives
reduce blood sugar levels and help with diabetes
Task 3. Scan the text and fill in the blanks about the effect of penicillin:
Penicillin can be applied to treat illness caused by bacteria.
Task 4. Scan the text and find out the problems the development of penicillin as a drug faced
after it was discovered:
a. Fleming unable to find a procedure to make penicillin pure enough to work as a medicine.
b. It was difficult to produce penicillin in large quantities.
Task 5. Scan the text and match the people and their contributions:
1.C 2. D 3. F 4. G 5. E 6. B 7. A 8. H
Step 3. Discussion (possible answers)
1. It takes much time and efforts to develop a new medicine and many people contributed to the
development of aspirin and penicillin.
2. Many people would have died from sickness or even small wounds.
3. First, we should keep ourselves safe and healthy; second, if we are ill with infectious diseases,
we should withdraw from others to avoid infecting them. Furthermore, we can devote ourselves to
searching more life-saving medicines.
Step 4. Reading strategy
1. We can guess the meaning by the words from the same stem or the meaning of the single
word in the compound ones.
2. a. benefit chemist try relieve long normal apply effect approve
b. 水杨酸 救命的 畅销的 心脏病 血糖 广泛传播的
c. bacteria
Step 5. Writing
Dear Zhang Ming:
I’d like to introduce to you the situation in Lianyungang now. Firstly, our government declares
that everyone should stay at home to prevent the virus from spreading. Secondly, it has taken
positive and effective measures to treat those people who have already been infected with the
disease. Finally, we students stay at home studying from the Internet with our teachers helping us.
I have decided to become a doctor in the future and I will devote myself to finding more
life-saving medicines to benefit people around the world.
Yours
Li Hua
Self-assessment 答案:
1. Previewing: 短语预习
(1) heart attack (2) in large quantities
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(3) mass production
(4) blood vessels
(5) reduce (relieve) pain
(6)in the form of
(7) distribute…to
(8) have the potential to do sth.
(9) reduce the risk of
(10)increase the length of one’s life
(11) focus on
(12) open up the cupboard
(13) look abnormal
(14) the Nobel Prize in Medicine
(15) have an application in
(16) pick out
(17) cure…of some illness
(18) be beneficial to
(19) by accident
(20) be considered to be
(21) in contemporary society
(22) try sth. out on sb.
(23) manage to do sth.
(24) share the Nobel Prize
(25)due to the widespread use of
(26) work as a medicine
2. 选词填空
(1)opens up (2)is carrying out (3)be tried out (4)mass production
(5)by accident (6)in the form of (7)beneficial to (8)focused on
3.拓展阅读：
ACDC BAC
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