2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（全国乙卷）

2021 年高考全国乙卷（河南高考）英语试题及答案 河南省 2021 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 注意事项: 1．答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动， 用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力（共两节,满分 30 分) 做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡 上。 第一节(共 5 小题:每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分) 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听 完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。 每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B.£9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是 C。 1.What is the man doing? A. Asking the way. B.Giving directions. C. Correcting a mistake. 2.What dress size does the woman want? A.8. B.10. C.12. 3.What is the woman likely to do? A. Make a phone call. B. Handle the problem. C. Have a rest. 4.Which tour does the man seem to be interested in? A. The evening tour. B. The half-day tour. C.The full-day tour. 5.Where are the speakers? A.At a canteen. B.At a clinic. C.At a bank. 第二节(共 15 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分) 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选 出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟;听完后，各小题将给 出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料,回答第 6、7 题。 6. What does the woman think of the match? A.Entertaining. B.Discouraging. C. Boring. 7.What do the speakers plan to do on Tuesday afternoon? A.Watch a game. B. Play tennis. C. Go to the cinema. 听第 7 段材料,回答第 8 至 10 题。 8. What does the man advise Mrs.White to do? A.Go on a diet. B. Do more exercise. C. Get enough sleep. 9.Which can be included in Mrs. White's breakfast? A.Eggs. B.Sausages. C.Porridge. 10.What is the man? A. A teacher. B.A physician. C.A chef. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 14 题。 11.How does Nancy look to Daniel? A.Confused. B. Excited. C. Anxious. 12.Why does Daniel mention his performance in a play? A.To comfort Nancy. B. To express his regret C. To show his pride. 13.What is Nancy going to do next week? A.Take a school test B.Have a check-up. C.Go in for a competition. 14.What does Daniel offer to do for Nancy? A.Rewrite her lines. B.Drive her to the theatre. C.Help her with the practice. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 15 至 17 题。 15.What was Prof. Stone's grandfather afraid of? A.Leaving his home. B.Parting from his son. C.Taking early retirement. 16.What does old age mean to many elderly Americans? A.Lack of moral support. B. Loss of self-worth. C. Change of living habits. 17.What will Prof Stone talk about next concerning elderly people? A.Public services they ask for. B.Health care available to them. C.Contributions they can make. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 18 至 20 题。 18.What does the speaker's mother want her to be? A.A confident person. B. A warm-hearted person. C. A humorous person. 19.Why did the speaker feel lonely in her childhood? A.She often traveled by herself B.Her family moved frequently. C.Her mother was busy working. 20.What does the speaker mainly talk about? A.Importance of home schooling. B.Mother-daughter relationship. C.A role model in her family. 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The Biggest Stadiums in the World People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. Inaround 8 A.Q., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world's bestknown stadium arecontinues toinform contemporary design. Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with thecity’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people. These days, safetyregulations-not to mention the modern sports fan ’ s desire for a good view and acomfortable seat-tend to keep stadium capacities（容量）slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend tohave a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match. For the biggeststadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list sofar, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updatedinformation from official stadium websites. All these stadiumsare still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in worldsport. •Rungrado 1st of MayStadium, Pyongyang,D.P.R-Korea. Capacity. 150,000. Opened. May 1,1989. • Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S. Capacity:107,601. Opened. October 1, 1927. •Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U.S.Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, I960. •Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. Capacity: 104,944.Opened: October 7, 1922. •Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U.S. Capacity:102,512. Opened: September 24,1927. 21.Howmany people could the Circus Maximus hold? A.104,944.B. 107,601. C. About 150,000. D. About 250,000. 22.Ofthe following stadiums, which is the oldest? A.Michigan Stadium. B.Beaver Stadium. C.Ohio Stadium. D.Kyle Field. 23.Whatdo the listed stadiums have in common? A.They host big games. B.They have become tourist attractions C.They were built by Americans. D.They are favored by architects B When almosteveryone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes stillpaying for a landline (座机) These days you'dbe hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn ’ t owna mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket.Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. Still, 55 percentof Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only ontheir smartphones, according to a survey （调查）.Of those Australians who still have alandline, a third concede that it's notreally necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket - 19 percent saythey never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. Ithink my home falls into that category. More than half ofAustralian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age isnaturally a factor（因素）-only 58 percent of Generation Ys stilluse landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who'veperhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn't the only factor; I'dsay it's also to do with the makeup of your household. Generation Xerswith young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have ahome phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. Thatsaid, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our BabyBoomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is callingbefore we pick up the phone （using Caller ID would take the fun out ofit）. How attached areyou to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps andmorning milk deliveries? 24.What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones? A.Their target users. B.Their wide popularity. C.Their major functions. D.Their complex design. 25.What does the underlined word "concede" in paragraph 3 mean? A.Admit. B.Argue. C.Remember. D.Remark. 26.What can we say about Baby Boomers? A.They like smartphone games. B.They enjoy guessing callers’ identity. C.They keep using landline phones. D.They are attached to their family. 27.What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph? A.It remains a family necessity. B.It will fall out of use some day. C.It may increase daily expenses. D.It is as important as the gas light. C You’ve heard thatplastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter oceanecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make adifference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He buildsmassive sculptures out of plastic garbage, foreing viewers to re-examine theirrelationship to single-use plastic products. At the beginningof the year, the artist built a piece called“Strawpocalypse,”a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plasticstraws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made itsfirst appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam. Just 9% of globalplastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源)of plastic pollution,but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them todrink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled.Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink thatsomeone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw willtake centuries to disappear. In a piece from2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明)a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic entersthe ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic, "Von Wong anda group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which werethen tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒)froma truck all at once. Von Wong hopesthat his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plasticfootprint. 28. What are VonWong’s artworks intended for? A. Beautifying thecity he lives in. B. Introducingeco-friendly products. C. Drawing public attentionto plastic waste. D. Reducinggarbage on the beach. 29. Why does theauthor discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3? A. To show thedifficulty of their recycling. B. To explain whythey are useful. C. To voice hisviews on modern art. D. To find asubstitute for them. 30. What effectwould "Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers? A. Calming. B. Disturbing C Refreshing D. Challenging. 31. Which of thefollowing can be the best title for the text? A. Artists'Opinions on Plastic Safety B. Media Interestin Contemporary Art C. ResponsibilityDemanded of Big Companies D. Ocean PlasticsTransformed into Sculptures D During aninterview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think aboutoften. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰)inhis open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworkingspace across the street—soI can focus. "His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworkingspaces also typically use an open office layout (布局).But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works The researchersexamined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests ofcreative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed tovarious noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝),70 decibels, and 85 decibels.The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant;however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—thoseexposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffeeshop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small,this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in responseto total silence and 85 decibels of background noise. But since theresults at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the rightlevel of background noise—nottoo loud and not total silence—mayactually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of backgroundnoise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow ourimaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of "distractedfocus" appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks. So why do so manyof us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can'tstop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re tryingto focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions andconversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or acoffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom frominterruptions. 32.Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space? A.It helps him concentrate. B.It blocks out background noise. C.It has a pleasant atmosphere. D.It encourages face-to-face interactions. 33.Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability? A.Total silence. B.50 decibels. C.70 decibels. D.85 decibels. 34.What makes an open office unwelcome to many people? A.Personal privacy unprotected. B.Limited working space. C.Restrictions on group discussion. D.Constant interruptions. 35.What can we infer about the author fromthe text? A. He's a news reporter. B. He’s on office manager. C. He's a professional designer. D. He's a published writer. 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it'snot difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party. ___36___,if you're out of your comfort zone or if you're wandering into somebody's housefor the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous,trying different foods and talking to strangers. People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversationwith a question other than “ What do you do for a living?", you'll be ableto get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you're talkingto. ____37 ___. it can bring in "I have this old, broken-downvehicle" or "I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughingat silly jokes in the back." It just opens up conversation. ____38___?If you can't take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away theirsoapbox （讲台）.If you're the host,you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove themfrom the situation.___39_____ And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? Ifyou're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing thatalways gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬).__40___. Justquickly tun around and say, "This cake is extremely delicious and you haveto tell me all about it.” So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard. A. Howdo you know the host B. Thefirst step is to go exploring C. Ifyou ask the question "How did you get here?', D. Beprepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E. Orturn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F. Whatabout that person who has had too much to drink or won't stop talking G. Heor she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most 第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分） 第一节（共 20 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A 、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations.I was considering this while working as a ___41__ Just a few weeks ago. And itcame to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words thatexpress different ____42___ of gratitude (感谢). My thoughts were soon ___43___. We had awoman patient who was ___44____ from a knee replacement operation. Oneafternoon, while __45___to get into bed she collapsed (倒下 ) from what was ____46_____ discovered to be a heart attack. Thecollapse was disastrous, ___47____ the emergency medical team and goodteamwork. But she recovered, though ___48___ ,and was ready for discharge (出院)after four weeks. She was __49____ for everything that the medical and nursing teamhad done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her ___50____ at herrecovery. As she was ____51___ she was eager to say___52____ to each of us inthe nursing team. When she ___53______ one nurse, she tried to press afive-pound note into her hand. My colleague ____54___ to accept it, saying thatwe were all just ___55___ our job. The patient looked puzzled, andthen____56____: "Oh this isn't for the ___57___ I had. I take that as a____58____. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.'' And there you have it. To many people, ___59____lives is part ofthe job but styling hair is an ___60____ and should be rewarded. 41. A. cleaner B. chemist C.nurse D.doctor 42. A. grades B. meanings C.needs D.expectations 43. A. brushed aside B. put to the test C. brought under discussion D.taken into account 44. A. departing B. escaping C.retiring D. recovering 45. A. attempting B. choosing C.pausing D. promising 46. A. eventually B. fortunately C. casually D. secretly 47. A. assessing B. requiring C.forming D. proving 48. A. slightly B. accidentally C.slowly D. happily 49. A. grateful B. thoughtful C.sorrowful D.fearful 50. A. surprise B. delight C.curiosity D.disappointment 51.A. operating B. thinking C.hesitating D. leaving 52.A. sorry B.hello C. goodbye D.yes 53.A. reached B.consulted C. introduced D.persuaded 54.A. wished B. pretended C.failed D. refused 55.A. enjoying B.doing C. securing D.starting 56.A. repeated B.recited C. replied D.reported 57.A. courage B.patience C. duty D. care 58.A. goal B.given C. push D.greeting 59. A. risking B.changing C.saving D. building 60.A. honour B. ability C. opening D.extra 第二节(共 10 小题：每小題 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响)travel to undisturbedplaces. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the travelerto become 61 (educate) about the areas - both in terms ofgeographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides moneyfor conservation and benefits the 62 (develop) of the local areas. Ecotourism has 63 (it) origin with the environmental movement ofthe 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 64 the late1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable. Due to 65 growing popularity of environmentally-related andadventure travel, various types 66 trips are now being classified asecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the followingprinciples: Minimize the impact of 67 (visit) the place. Build respect for and awareness of the environmentand cultural practices. Provide 68 (finance) aid and other benefitsfor local peoples. Make sure that the tourism provides positiveexperiences for both the visitors and the hosts. Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular forecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 69 (activity) there range from whalewatching to hiking ( 远 足) and accommodations aim 70(have) a low impact on the natural environment. 第四部分写作（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语 言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 I love doing housework. I always assist my parentsin doing the dish after meals. I also water the flowers in the yard and tidyingup my own bedroom whatever necessary. In my opinion, students can benefit a lotdoing some housework. Firstly, doing housework was helpful for us to be aresponsible person. Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they arelike and it improves the family relationship. What's most, doing housework canbe a form of mentally relaxation from study. That’s our view on housework. Andhopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic! 第二节书面表达（满分 25 分） 你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以 Besmart online learners 为题写一篇发言稿参赛，内容包 括： 1.分析优势与不足: 2.提出学习建议。 注意： 1.词数 100 左右； 2.题目和首句已为你写好。 参考答案： 阅读 21-23 DCA 24-27 BACB 28-31 CABD 32-ACDD 36-40BCFEG 完型 41-45CABDA ABCAB DCADB CDBCD 语法填空 61 educated 62. development 63. its 64. until 65. the 66. of 67 visiting 68 financial 69 Activities 70 to have 改错 Line 1: dish—dishes Line2: tidying—tidy; whatever—whenever Line 3: benefit a lot doing—benefit a lot fromdoing Line 4: was—is Line 5: are 删掉 Line 6：most—more ; mentally—mental Line 7: our—my ; hopes—hope