八年级(下)英语知识讲解(人教)
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Unit 1
Will people have robots?
I. 词汇
more, less, fewer
I don’t agree. = I disagree.
I agree (with you)
in five years on compute
on paper besides
on vacation many different kinds
a gold fish no more be free
live in as a reporter free time
fall in love with like doing sth
keep a parrot look smart
be able to do…. Are you kidding?
II. Grammar:
·一般将来时
·there will be ·few,a few,little,a little,
much,many
语法小结:
一、一般将来时
1.用 be doing 表示将来:主要意义是表
示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,常用于位置
转移的动词。 如:go,come,leave,arrive,
start,fly 等,也可用于其他动作动词。
We are having fish for dinner.
We are moving to a different hotel the
day after tomorrow.
2.用 be going to do 表示将来:主要意义,
一是表示“意图”,即打算在最近的将来或将来
进行某事。
Are you going to post that letter?
How long is he going to stay here?
I am going to book a ticket.
另一意义是表示“预见”,即现在已有
迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。
It’s going to rain.
George is putting on weight; he is
going to be quite fat.
3. 用 will/ shall do 表示将来:主要意义,
一是表示预见。
You will feel better after taking this
medicine.
Do you think it will rain?
二是表示意图,意愿
I will not lend the book to you.
Take it easy,I will not do it any longer.
二、There be 结构
1. there be 结构中的 be 是可以运用各
种时态的。
There is going to be a meeting tonight.今晚有个
会议。
There was a knock at the door. 有人敲门。
There has been a girl waiting for you. 有个女
孩一直在等你。
There will be rain soon. 不久天就要下雨
了。
2. 动词 be 单复数形式要跟 there be 之后
的真正的主语一致。并且要根据就近一致
原则来变换 be 的单复数形式。
如:There is a book on the desk. 课桌上有一
本书。
How many people are there in the city?
这个城市里有多少人口?
There is a pen and two books on the desk.
课桌上有一个钢笔和两本书。
There are two books and a pen on the desk.
课桌上有两本书和一个钢笔。
三、课文难句解析
1. Will people use money in 100years? 一百
年后人们还会使用钱币吗?
1) money 金钱;货币
eg. What's the money? 价钱是多
少?
paper money 纸币;钞票
2) in 100 years 在 100 年之后
“in+一段时间”常用在将来时态中
eg. I'll come in an hour. 我一小时后
来。
I'll see you again in three days. 三天后我再见
你。
2. There will be less leisure time.空闲时间会
更少。
1) less 形容词:较少的(是 little 的比较
级),修饰不可数名词,其最高级是 least;反
义词是 more。
eg. Jane's less beautiful than Mary.
简不如玛丽漂亮。
Five is less than six. 5 比 6 少。
2) leisure time =spare time 空闲时间
eg.What do you do in your leisure time?
你空闲时间做些什么?
3. I think there will be more
pollution. 我认为将会有更多的污染产
生。
1) think 后跟的是宾语从句,且宾语从句
是 there be 句型的一般将来时,结构为“there
will be+物+其他成分”。
eg. I think it will rain tomorrow.
我认为明天会下雨。
八年级(下)英语知识讲解(人教)
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I think there will be fewer trees.
我认为将来树木会更少。
2) pollution 表示“污染”,用作不可数名
词。
例如:They did a lot to stop water
pollution.他们采取大量措施制止水污染。
4. I don't agree. 我不同意。
agree 在本句中作动词,I don't agree.是
一句交际用语,表示“不赞成某人或某人的观
点”,如果表赞成,则为 I agree。
1) 表示“同意某人意见”时用 agree with
sb,该短语不能用于被动语态。
eg.Did you agree with him? 你同意他的意见
吗?
I don't agree with what she said 我不同意她所
说的。
2) 表示“同意(某计划、办法、建议、条
件)”时,用 agree to(to 在此用作介词,其后接
名词、代词或者相当于名词的成分),该短语
可以用于被动语态。
eg.I agree to your idea. 我同意你的想法。
My plan was agreed to by all of them.
他们所有的人都同意我的计划。
3) 表示“就……取得一致意见”用 agree
on(或 upon),指“两者或两者以上的商定,达
成协议”。
eg.They both agreed on the date for the
meeting.
他们双方都同意开会的日期。
4) agree 后还可以接不定式,不接动名词,
表示“同意做某事”。
eg.They agreed to leave tomorrow afternoon.
他们同意明天下午动身。
5. What do you think Sally will be in five
years? 你认为萨莉 5 年之后将会是什么样子?
此句中的 do you think 是插入语,其
后接的宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。
eg. Which book do you think she will like?
你认为她会喜欢哪本书?
Who do you think did it? 你认为是谁干的那
件事?
6. I went to Shanghai last year and fell in
love with it. 我去年去了上海,并且喜欢上了
这座城市。
1) go 表示“去”,过去式是 went,“go to+
地名”表示“到某地去”。
eg.When will you go to school? 你什
么时候去上学?
He will go to the factory tomorrow.
他明天要去那所工厂。
如果 go 后面接副词,不用 to。
eg.He went home at before six yesterday
evening.
他昨天晚上 6 点前回家的。
2) last year 意为“去年”,用于一般过去时
态中。
eg.He went to London last year.去年他去了
伦敦。
3) love 爱,热爱,其反义词是 hate;fall in
love with 是“喜爱;爱上;与……相恋”的意思。
eg.He went to Harbin last year and fell in love
with it.去年他去了哈尔滨,并且喜欢上了那
里。
7. I can't have any pets because my mother hates
them. 我不能养宠物,因为我妈不喜欢他们
1) because 在这句中用作连词,引导原因
状语从句,表示“因为”。注意在英语中 because
不能和 so 同时使用。
eg.John didn't go to school because he was ill.
约翰没有上学,因为他病了。
2) hate 表示“不喜欢,憎恨”,后可跟名词
或代词作宾语,也可用词组 hate doing sth.,
表示“讨厌做某事”。
eg.He hated flowers. 他讨厌花朵。
I hate swimming in the lake.
我讨厌在那个湖里游泳。
8. I'll probably go skating and swimming
every day. 我会每天都去滑冰和游泳。
1) go doing sth. 结构,表示“去做……
go skating 去滑冰 go swimming
去游泳 go shopping 去买东西
go fishing 去钓鱼 go boating
去划船
eg.My father goes fishing every
week. 我爸爸每周都去钓鱼。
I like going skating.我喜欢去滑
冰。
2) every day 与 everyday 区别:every day
表示“每天”,通常与一般现在时连用;而
everyday 表示“日常的,每天发生的,每日所
用的”,是形容词。例如:
eg.I get up at six every day. 我每天 6 点起
床。
He wears everyday clothes today.
今天他穿一身便服。
9. During the week I’ll look smart,and
probably will wear a suit.
在工作日里,我会看上去很精神,也
许会穿一身套装。
八年级(下)英语知识讲解(人教)
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1) during 表示“在……期间”,during the
week 是介词短语,意为“在工作日里”。
eg.The sun gives us light during the
day. 太阳在白天给我们阳光。
He fell asleep during the lesson.
他在上课时睡着了。
2) look 表示“看上去”,用作连系动词,其
后接形容词作表语。
You look very beautiful today.
今天你看上去很漂亮。
3) wear 表示“穿”,表示状态,用一般现
在时表示经常状态,用现在进行时表示暂时状
态。
eg.We wear our rain boots on a rainy day. 我
们在下雨天穿雨鞋。
put on 是“穿上”,“戴上”的意思,强
调动作。
eg.She put on a red coat and went out.
她穿上红色大衣出去了。
注意:put on 是一时的动作,不能跟
表示一段时间的状语连用。
他整天戴着草帽。误:He puts on a hat
all day. 正:He wears a hat all day.
10. I'll go to Hong Kong on vacation. 我
会去香港度假。
on vacation 意为“在度假”,on 表示
“处于……状态中”。
eg. He will go to Hangzhou on
vacation. 他要到杭州度假。
11. What do you think the weather will be
like tomorrow? 你认为明天的天气怎样?
1) What's the weather like? 是询问天气怎
么样,相当于 How is the weather?What be …
like?可以用来征求对方对某事的看法或意见,
意思是“……怎么样?” 类似的说法还有 What
do you think of…? How do you like…?等句型。
eg.What is the book like? =What do
you think of the book?
=How do you like the book? 你觉得这本书
怎么样?
What's the weather like today?=How is the
weather today? 今天天气怎么样?
2) What is/are…1ike? 可用来提问天气
情况,也可用来对人(或物)的外观、外貌提问,
还可以用来对其特性提问。
eg.What's the weather like today?
今天天气怎么样?
What's the young girl like?
那个年轻女孩长什么样?
What was the book like? 那本书怎么样?
12. There were many famous predictions
that never came true.(过去)有许多从没成为现
实。著名的预测
1) 本句中 that never came true 是个定语
从句,用于修饰先行词 predictions,that 为引
导词,作定语从句的主语,不可省略。
2) come true 指“理想,梦想等实现”。come
是连系动词;true 是形容词,做连系动词 come
的表语。
eg.My dream will come true someday.
有一天我的梦想会实现。
Her dream to go to university has come
true. 她上大学的愿望实现了。
Unit 2 What should I do?
【单元目标】
1.单词与短语 loud, argue,
original, serious, style, wrong, argument,
either, teen, talk, family, tutor, haircut,
caller, except, upset 1.want sb. to do sth.
2.play one’s stereo 3 stay at home 4.argue
with sb / have an argument with sb. 5.be out
of style 6.write sb a letter/write to
7.talk about 8.on the phone9. surprise sb.
10.pay for 11.get a part-time job
12.borrow sth. from sb. 13.ask sb. for…
14. have a bake sale 15.find out
16.be upset 17. call… up 18.the
same as 19. get on well with sb. 20. return
sth. 21.have a fight with sb.
22.from…to… 23. drop off 24.prepare
for 25.after-school clubs 26.be
used to 27.fill up 28.take the
middle road
2.目标句型: 1. What should I do?
2. Why don’t you…? 3. You could … 4.
You should… 5. You shouldn’t…
3.语法 情态动词的用法 Ⅰ
【重难点分析】 情态动词(Modal
Verbs )Ⅰ* 情态动词 情态动词和动词原
形连用* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
一、九大情态动词的时态关系:
八年级(下)英语知识讲解(人教)
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1. can -- could 2. may -- might
3. shall -- should 4. will -- would
5. must -- 过去式 must(常用 had to 代
替)
二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测”
(1)can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“预
测”:
1. He can't be at home. (否定句) 他不可能
在家。
2. Can the news be true? (疑问句)这消息可能
是真的吗?
3. Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理论上
的可能性) 任何人都可能犯错误。
(2)may 和 might 用于表示“事实上的可
能性”或“预测”:1. It may rain tomorrow. (表
示可能会发生) 明天可能会下雨。
2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测)
今天下午可能会下雪。
3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你
可能是对的。
高分突破:can 多用于否定句和疑问句中
肯定句中多用 may
(3)must 用于表示“一定”,“必定”:
1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定)
这肯定对你是有益的。
2. All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事)
所有的人一定会死的。
Must 表示推测时用于肯定句中否定句中
用 can’t
三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求”
(1)can 和 could 用于表示“许可”、“请
求”:
1. Can I go with you? 我能跟你一起去吗?
2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去
的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影。
3. Could I ask you something ? (请求,用 could
比 can 更婉转) 我可以问你一件事吗?
(2)will 和 would 用于表示“请求”
1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post
office? 请问到邮局怎么走?
2. Would you give me your address? ( would
更客气)请你告诉我你的地址,好吗?
(3)shall 和 should 用于第一人称,表示征
求对方的意见
1. Shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗?
2. What should we do next? (用
should 比 shall 表示更客气) 下一步我们该
怎么做?
(4)may 和 might 用于表示“许
可”(口语中多用 can )
1. You may take a walk. (表示给予许
可) 你可以散散步。
2. You might read the story for me.
(比 may 更婉转) 是否请给我读一读这故事。
3.May I make a suggestion? 我可
以提个建议吗?
4. Students may not make noise in the
library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止) 学生不
得在图书馆里吵闹。
5. If I may say so, you are not right. (用
于条件句,表示请求)
八年级(下)英语知识讲解(人教)
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你是不对的,如果我可以这么说的话。
(5)must 用于表示“禁止”,“不准”:
1. Cars must not be parked here. (must
not 表示不许可) 此地不准停车。
2. All of you mustn't fishing in the
pool. (must not 语气方面比 may not 更强)
你们不准在池里钓鱼。
四、重要短语和表达法(Key Words)
1.argue v.争论;争吵 argue with sb.与
某人吵架
I argued with my best friend.我和
我的好朋友吵架了。
2.① either adv.(用于否定句)也
He doesn’t have any money, and I
don’t, either.他没有钱,我也没有。
② too 也(用于肯定句末)=as well
I’m a teacher.He is a teacher,
too.我是老师,他也是老师。
3.ask (sb.)for sth.向某人寻求某物;
要……
Don't ask for food every day.Go and
find some work. 别天天要饭,找点儿工
作做。
If you have any problems, you can ask
the policeman for help. 如果你有困难,
可以向警察求助。
Ask sb to do sth
4.the same as... 与……相同
Tom is the same age as Anna.= Tom is
as old as Anna. 汤姆和安娜一样大。
Her backpack is the same as
mine. 她的背包与我的一样。
5.except 除……以外;(不包括……
在内)
My class has been invited except me.=
Only I haven't been invited.
除我以外,我的同学都被邀请了。
besides 除……以外(包括在内)
We all went there besides him.= He
went there.We went there, too.除他
去以外,我们也都去了。
6.wrong adj.错误的;有毛病的;不合
适的
Is there anything wrong with you?
你哪儿不舒服?
─ What's wrong with you?
你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?)
─ I've got a headache.我头痛。
adv.错误地;不正确地;不对地
He answered wrong.他答错了。
They knew they did wrong. 他们知道
他们做错了。
7.get on well with sb.与某人相处融
洽
We get on well with each other.我们
彼此相处融洽。
8.have a fight with sb.= fight with
sb.与某人打架
I don‘t want to have a fight with my
cousin. 我不想和我的堂兄打架。
They never fight with each other.They
are really good
friends.
他们从不打架,他们的确是好朋友。
五、主要句型(Key Sentences
Structures)
What should I do? You could write him
a letter.
What should he do? Maybe he should say
sorry to him
What should they do? They shouldn't
argue.
六、词语辨析
1. borrow sth. from sb.从某人处借进某
物
例:He borrowed the dictionary
from Lucy yesterday. 他昨天从露西处借
了那本字典.
八年级(下)英语知识讲解(人教)
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lend sth. to sb. = lend sb.
sth.
把某物(往外)借给别人用
例如:Could you lend me your car? 请
你借给我你的车用一下好吗?
2. ①get sb. to do… 使……做(以人
为对象时,有“说服……使做……”的含
义)
He could get a tutor to come to
his home. 他可以请一位家庭教师来他
家。
You’ll never get her to
agree. 你决不可能使她同意。
②ask sb. to do… 邀请(人)做……
We asked her to come to our party.
我们请她来参加聚会
③ tell sb. to do…让某人做某事 例
如:
The teacher told him to finish
the work that day. 老师那天让他完成那
项工作。
3、be in style 时髦的,流行的 =be in
fashion
be out of style 过时的,不时髦
的 =be out of fashion
例: Look! Her new dress is in style.
她的新裙子很时髦。
Those clothes are out of
style.
那些衣服过时了。
七、课文解释
1、I don’t want to surprise him. 我
不想让他感到意外。
surprise sb. 使某人感到吃惊
eg. My friend always surprises
me.
2、talk about it on the phone 用
电话就此事进行交流
eg. Call Jim on the phone.
找吉姆听电话。
Lily, you are wanted on the
phone.
莉莉,你的电话
3、call sb. (up) =give sb. a
call 给某人打电话
He called me (up) from New
York. 他从纽约给我打来电话
=He gave me a call from New York.
4、write sb. a letter = write a letter
to sb.=write to sb 给某人写信
5、give him a ticket to a ball game.
给他一张观看球赛的入场券
eg. They got two tickets to
tonight’s show. 他们搞了两张今晚表
演的入场券。
6、She has the same haircut as I
do. 她和我有相同的发型。
eg. Tim has the same clothes as his
brother does.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的
衣服。
7、find out (研究、努力的结果)发
现,查出,找出
You should find out (the answer)
for yourself.你应该自己去找答案。
8、Everyone else in my class was
invited except me.
除了我以外,我们班其他别的人都接到
了邀请(信)
else 一词不能单独使用它必须跟在不定
代词像“someone, anyone nobody”或特
殊疑问词像“what, where”等词的后面使
用,意思是“别的”
eg. What else do you know about it? 关
于此事你还知道什么别的方面
9、I can’t think what I did
wrong. 我真想不出我做错了什么。
此句中 what I did wrong 是宾语从句,
作 think 的宾语应用陈述语序。
10、I’m very upset and don’t know
what to do.我很沮丧,不知该干什么。
此句中 what to do 是不定式作 know 的宾
语,可用宾语从句来代替。可以说成“I
don’t know what I should do.”
11、There are a lot of things you
could do. 有许多你能做的事。
此句中 you could do 是定语从句,修饰
前面的名词“things”
八年级(下)英语知识讲解(人教)
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12、You left your homework at home.
你把你的作业落在家里了。
Leave sth. +介词短语,是“把……忘在,
落在(某处)的意思。
eg. He left his umbrella on the bus.
他把伞忘在公交车上。
13、You should try to be funny. 你
应该试着幽默一些。
Try to do…努力做,试着做,尽量
做
而 try not to do 是尽量不做……
eg. Please try not to be late
again. 请尽量不要再迟到。
14、Their school days are busy
enough. 他们的学校生活是够忙的。
enough 必须放在形容词/副词的后面,
表示“足够……的”
eg. He is tall enough to reach that
apple. 他足够高的可以够着那个苹果。
15、be under too much pressure. 在
太多的压力下
16、see other children doing a lot
of things 看别的孩子在做许多事
see sb. doing 看见某人正在
干某事
eg. We saw them playing basketball at
that time.那时我们看见他们在打篮球
17、find it hard to do sth. 发现
做……(事)很难
He found it hard to learn math well. 他
发现学好数学很难
Unit 3 What were you doing when the
UFO arrived?
【单元目标】
1.单词与短语
well, buy, cut, land, while, experience,
strange, around, follow, climb, shout, run,
anywhere, happen, accident, modern,
bright, silence, destroy, meaning,
souvenir
1.get out (of) 2.in front of / in the front of
3. take off 4.buy for 5. land on
6. shout to / at 7.run away 8.come in
9.hear about 10.the Museum of Flight
11.happen to 12.stop doing 13.take place
14.as... as
2.目标句型:
1. What were you doing when...?
2. I was doing sth. when...
3. How about... / What about...?
4. What happened next?
5. While sth./sb. was doing sth., I did...
3.语法
1. 过去进行时
2. 情态动词的用法Ⅱ
【重难点分析】
一. 过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段
时间正在进行或发生的动作,常和表过去的时
间状语连用,如:
I was doing my homework at this time
yesterday.
昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。
1.常与过去进行时连用的时间状语有,at
that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last
night/Sunday/week…), at+点钟+yesterday (last
night / Sunday…),when sb. did sth 等时间状语
从句,如:
What were you doing at 7p.m. yesterday?
昨天晚上七点你在干什么?
I was cooking when she knocked at the
door. 她敲门时我正在做饭。
2. when 后通常用表示暂短性动词,while
后通常用表示持续性动词,因此它所引导的状
语从句中,谓语动词常用进行时态,如:
When the car exploded I was walking past
it.= While I was walking past the car it
exploded.
3.when 用作并列连词时,主句常用进行
时态,从句则用一般过去时,表示主句动作发
生的过程中,另一个意想不到的动作发生了。
如:
I was walking in the street when someone
called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。
4. when 作并列连词,表示“(这时)突
然”之意时,第一个并列分句用过去进行时,
when 引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如:
I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在
散步,突然遇见了他。
5 while 表示对比翻译成“而”例如:
八年级(下)英语知识讲解(人教)
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My mother was cooking while I was
watching TV.
二. 情态动词(Modal Verbs )Ⅱ
(1)shall 和 should 用于提出建议
例如:Shall we play basketball.
You should lie down and rest.
(2)must 用于表示“必须”、“务必”:
①. You must keep the place clean. (务必)
你务必保持地方干净。
②. We must obey orders. (表示有义务)
我们必须服从命令。
③. Must I pay now? (用于疑问句) (如回
答不必时,需用 needn't 或 don't have to)
我现在就得付款吗?
5、情态动词表示“意图”、“打算”
(1)will 和 would 用于表示某种意图:
①. I'll call you as soon as possible. (will
主要用于第一人称) 我会尽快打电话给你。
②. Will/would you accept this invitation?
(用 would 则表示更客气) 你愿意接受这邀请
吗?
(2)shall 和 should 用于表示说话人的意
图:
①. We shan't (shall not) go if it rains. (shall
not 也可用 will not)
如果下雨,我们就不打算走了。
②. I shan't go with you. (shall 只用在第
一人称) 我不打算和你一同走。
6、情态动词表示“意愿”
(1)will 和 would :
①. She will do it if you ask her.(表示主语
的意愿) 如果你问她,她会做的。
②. Would you have another cup of tea?
(用 would 比 will 客气) 你想再来一杯茶
吗?
③. Will you have some cookies?
你想吃些烤饼吗?
三. 重点词汇
1.cut v.切;剪;割
cut (one’s)hair 理发
Be careful.Don't cut yourself.
小心,别切到自己。
2.alien n.外星人
Nobody knows whether there are aliens
or not.没人知道到底有没有外星人。
3.land v.登岸;登陆;降落
A UFO landed in the middle of the
field.. 一个不明飞行物降落在田野中间。
4.while conj.当……的时候;在……
之时
While I danced, she sang.我跳舞,她唱
歌。
While he was singing, I was playing baseball.
他当时在唱歌,而我在打棒球。
5.right adv.正好;恰好
He lives right in the center of the city.
他恰好住在市中心。
6.surprised adj.惊奇的;吃惊的
I was surprised that he was late for the
party.
我很惊讶他聚会居然迟到了。
7.kid v.欺骗;哄骗
I'm not kidding you.我没有骗你。
You’re kidding = No kidding. 别开玩笑了。
8.anywhere adv.到处;无论哪里(用
于否定句和一般疑问句中)
Did you go anywhere yesterday?
你昨天去没去过什么地方?
They didn’t go anywhere the day before
yesterday. 他们前日天哪里也没去
9.happen v.发生
A funny thing happened in the subway
yesterday. 昨天地铁里发生了一件有趣的
事。
sth. happen to +名词 发生于……身上
What happened to him on that day?
那天他怎么了?(发生了什么事?)
10.get out of 从……出去
She tried to get out of helping her
mother.
她尽量逃避帮助她的妈妈。
Tom got out of the lift and walked to the
station. 汤姆走出电梯然后往车站走去。
11.run away 跑开;迅速离开;逃走
The thief ran away when someone
noticed him.当有人注意到他的时候,那个
贼立刻逃走了。
12.at the doctor's 在诊所;在医院
I'm thinking of going to the tailor's.在表
示诊所、店铺或某人的家时,经常用名词所
有格的形式。
Mr. Cool’s = Mr. Cool’s clothes store
at Jason’s = at Jason’s store
She is staying at Mary's.她住在玛莉家。
I want to go to the tailor’s.
我想到裁缝店去一趟。
四.词语辨析
1、in front of 与 in the front of
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in the front of 在……的前面(表示“有
距离的前面”,在一个参照物的前面)
e.g.: There is a car in front of the house.
房子前日面有一辆车
in the front of 在……的前部(在一个范
围内的前面部位)
eg. She sat in the front of the bus.
她坐在公交车的前排
2、get out of 与 get into 是反义词
get into 走进,进入 =enter
eg. He get out of the car and get into
the building.
3、be amazing 与 be amazed
be amazing 令人惊奇的(修饰事物的,
指某事令人惊奇,比 surprising 更具意外性
e.g.:She has an amazing talent
for music.她在音乐方面有惊人的才华。
be amazed (at sth./to do …/that 从句)
(某人)对…(因…而)大感惊讶(指人作主语)
eg. We were amazed at the news.=We
were amazed to hear the news.
我们对这个消息感到非常惊讶.
4、be surprising 与 be surprised
be surprising 令人惊奇的(用法与 be
amazing 一样,也是修饰事物的)
e.g.:a surprising ending 一个令人惊奇
的结局
be surprised (at sth./to do…/that 从句)
(某人)对…(因…而)感到惊奇,用法与 be
surprised
一样,也是人作主语。
eg. They were surprising that he was
badly hurt in the audient. 他们很吃惊他在那
次事故中伤得很重。
5、in a tree 与 on a tree
eg. Are there any birds in the tree?
树上有些鸟吗?
on a tree 在树上(指长在树上的东西)
Look! There are many apples on the tree.
6、my flight to New York 与 fly to
New York
前者是一个名词短语,后者是一个动词
短语。
eg. Her flight to Paris is taking off at 2
p.m.
She is flying to Paris at 2 p.m.
五.课文解释:
1. You can imagine how strange it was!
你可以想象这事有多惊奇!
eg. You can imagine how fast he runs!
2. I followed it to see where it was
going
follow sb. to do sth. 跟随…去做…
eg. Mr White followed his wife to
see what was happening there.
3. She didn’t think about looking
outside the station.
Think about (doing) sth.=consider 她
未想到去车站外看看.
4. say to sb. 对某人讲 say to
oneself 自言自语
e.g.: He said to himself, “Don’t be
afraid.” 他自言自语,“不要害怕”
5. look for 寻找(强调找的“过程”)
find 找到(强调找的“结果”)
eg. He looked for his lost key
everywhere but couldn’t find it.
6. It was difficult to get out of bed. 从
床爬起来很难。
It is difficult/hard to do sth. 做某事很
难。
He found that it was difficult to learn
physics well.
7. be killed 被杀害 be destroyed
by… 被……摧毁……
8. walk home together in silence 沉默
着一起走回家
in silence 状语(状态)=silently
9. Not all events in history are as
terrible as this.
并不是所有的历史上的大事件都像此
事这样可怕。
Not all 并不是所有的(部分否定)
As…as… 与……一样(as 与 as 之间用
形容词、副词的原级,做题时需判断用形容词
还是副词)
10. become the first Chinese astronaut
in space. 成为中国首位进入太空的宇航员
11. His flight around the Earth Lasted
about 22 hours. 他的环绕地球的飞行持续
了 22 个小时。
12. Do you think sth. good can come
out of sth. terrible? 你认为坏事能变为好事
吗?
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working
【单元目标】
1.单词与短语
八年级(下)英语知识讲解(人教)
第 10 页 共 33 页
ever mad anymore
snack
message suppose hard-working
nervous
semester true
disappointing
lucky copy hers decision
start influence peace border
danger
first of all 首先
pass on 传递
be supposed to 被期望或被要
求... ...
do better in 在......方面做得
更好
be in good health 身体健康
report card 成绩单
get over 克服;恢复;原
谅
open up 打开
care for 照料;照顾
have a party for sb. 为某人举行一次聚
会
be mad at sb
2.目标句型:
转述他人话语
What did sb. say?
He said I …
She said she…
They said…
3.语法
直接引语和间接引语(不做考试要求)
【词汇学习】
1.mad adj.极为愤怒的;十分恼火的
She was mad at me for losing my
keys.她为我丢了钥匙而生我的气。
2.anymore adv.再;还(用于否定句)
He doesn't come here anymore.他再也
不到这儿来了。
3.however adv.无论如何
He can answer the question however hard
it is.不管问题有多难他都能回答。
4.suppose v.假定;认为;料想;期
望
What do you suppose you will do after
school? 你放学后想干什么?
5.nervous adj.紧张的;神经质的
I felt very nervous when I went into his
office.
当我走进他的办公室时,我感到很紧
张。
6.semester n.一学期;半年 =term
We will have ten subjects in this
semester.
这个学期我们将学十门功课。
7.disappointing adj.令人失望的
Maybe this news is disappointing .也许
这是一个令人失望的消息。
8.be supposed to 认为必须;认为应
该
You are supposed to be successful 你应
该成功。
9.get mad 变疯;变得着迷
She gets mad about going to dance.
她对跳舞着了迷。
10.get over 恢复,克服困难
Can we get over this difficulty?
我们能克服这个困难吗?
【重点句型分析】
1. What are some soap operas you
know? 你所知道的有哪些肥皂剧?
you know 是定语从句,修饰前日面的名
词 soap operas
2. What are some things that happen on
soap operas? 肥皂剧里发生了些什么事?
That happen on soap operas 是定语从
句,修饰前日面的名字 something.
3. Lana said she wasn’t mad at Marcia
anymore. 拉娜说她不再生玛西娅的气了。
be mad at (with) sb. 对某人恼火
be mad at (about) sth. (doing sth.) 对
某事恼火
eg. Mother got mad at (with) me for
watching TV for hours.
(此处的 got mad at = was mad at)
not… anymore 不再……
eg. She didn’t cry anymore. 她不再哭
了。
4. bring some books to her house. 给她
带来一些书
bring sth. to 从(远处)带来,拿来(到
近处)
而其反义词为:take… to “从(近处)
拿(走)到(远处)
eg. Could you bring some water to me?
Please take the chair to Jim’s room.
5.pass this message to sb.将这个消息(信
息)传给某人
pass on sth. to sb 把某物传递给某人
八年级(下)英语知识讲解(人教)
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eg. She said she would pass the dictionary
to Tom.
6.You want to know why C didn’t return it
and where it is.你想知道为什么 C 未将它还回
来并想知道它在哪里。
7.You were supposed to meet at the bus
stop this morning to return it.
你应该今早上在车站去见面并把它还给
人家。
be supposed to do …被期望,应该
(做……)
eg. He is supposed to be there on time.按
理他应该准时到哪里。
【课文解析】
1. In English, I’m better at reading than
listening.
在英语方面,我的阅读比听力更好。
be better at doing (than doing)是 be good
at ……的比较级,意思为“更擅长……”
eg. Are they better at playing football than
basketball?
2. I can do better in math.在数学方面我
能做得更好。
better 是 well 的比较级
do well in 在…方面做得好 eg. Does she
do well in physics?
3. I finished my end –of –year exams last
week. 我上周结束了期末考试。
finish sth. (doing sth.) eg. Did he
finish doing his homework before he went to
bed?
4. I had a really hard time with science
this semester. 这学期我的科学学科学得的确
不好。
5. It’s not right to copy other’s homework.
抄袭别人的作业是不对的。
请记住这一句型:It’s right for sb to
do …
It’s right for sb to do…
6. I said I didn’t think it was a good idea
for her to copy ma homework.
我说我认为对她来说抄我的作业不是个
好办法。
注意 1:此句中的三个动词都是过去时,
即时态的一致性
注意 2:中英文语序(否定词的位置)
的不同
7. She said it was much better if she din
her own work.
她说如果她自己做作业就会好多了。
much +比较级,意思是“…得多”
e.g. He runs much faster than I.
8. Teaching high school students in a poor
mountain village in Gansu Province may not
sound like fun to you. 在甘肃省一个贫困的
山村里教中学学生在你听起来可能不算什么
有趣的事。
此句中 may+ 动词原形,表示“可
能……”
sound like +名词,意思为“听起来
像……”
9. Every year they send 100 volunteers to
teach in China’s rural areas.
每年他们都往中国的乡村地区派 100 名
志愿者去教书。
send …to …派,送…到…
10. Her village was 2000 meters above sea
level. 她的村庄位于海拔 2 千米。
11. the thin air made her feel sick 稀薄的
空气使她病了
make sb. do 使某人干某事(此处只能
用动词原形,不能+to)
12.They love heaving volunteer teachers
there. 他们喜爱让志愿者老师教他们。
love doing (to do)
13.There often isn’t money for
education. 经常没有钱来受教育。
14. I can open up my students’ eyes to the
outside world.
我能开阔学生们的视野,把他们带到外
部世界。
15. give them a good start in life 给他
们一个生活的新起点
give sb. sth.给某人某物
16. She said she likes being a good
influence in the children’s lives.
她说她愿意给孩子们的生活中起一
个好的影响。
17. Yang Lei enjoyed her time as a
volunteer very much. 杨蕾很愿意做一个志
愿者。
18. care for “Mother Earth” 关心“地球
母亲”
19. care for wild animals in danger 关心
处于危险中的野生动物
20. I can’t do anything about that. 我对于
那件事无能为力。
【词语辨析】
1. hard working 与 work hard
八年级(下)英语知识讲解(人教)
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前者是形容词,可作表语、定语;如:a
hard-working student ; He is hard-working.
后者是一个动词短语,“努力工作”hard
是副词,修饰动作 work.
eg. Alice works hard.
2. forget to do 与 forget doing…
前者是“忘记做……”(to do 表示将来的
动作)
e.g. Don’t forget to call me.别忘了打电话
给我。
She forgot to mail the letter.她忘了寄信。
后者是“忘记曾做……”(通常与 will,
shall, never 连用)
eg. I’ll never forget seeing the musical in
New York.我永远忘不了在纽约看过的那出
歌舞喜剧。
Unit 5 If you go to the party,you’ll
have a great time!
【单元目标】
Ⅰ.单词与短语
Late sorry organi
professional against chance
injured consequence explain
improve
all the time 一直,始终 in order to 为
了
have a party 举行聚会 go to college 上
大学
be famous for 因…而著名 in fact 事实
上
laugh at 嘲笑 too much 太多 get exercise
锻炼 travel around the world 周游世
界
work hard 努力工作 wear jeans 穿牛仔
裤
get an education 获得教育
Ⅱ.Sentence structures:
1. If you do, you’ll…
2. I’m going to …
3. You should…
4. Don’t you want to …?
5. Don’t you think … ?
Ⅲ.语法小结
一. if 条件句
1. if 条件句:条件句用于陈述语
气,表示假设的情况可能发生,其中 if 是
“如果”的意思。 遵守“主将从现”的原则
If you leave now, you will never
regret it.
If it rains tomorrow, I shan’t climb
the hills.
高分突破:注意宾语从句中的 if 与条件
状语从句 if 的区别。宾语从句中的 if“是
否”相当于 whether,引导宾语从句,时态
需根据语境确定。
I don't know if it will rain tomorrow.
我不知道明天是否会下雨。
IV. 重点难点分析
1. too much 和 much too
too much 后接不可数名词,用来表
示数量,意思是“……太多了”;much too
后接形容词,用来说明程度,意思是“太…”
如:
much too heavy 太重了 (表程度)
He has drunk too much water.
他喝了太多的水(修饰不可数名词,表数量)
2. be famous for 和 be famous as
be famous for 表示“因……而出
名”, for 后接表示出名的原因;be famous
as 则表示“以……身份而著名”,as 后接
职业、身份或地位,表示作为……职业、身
份或地位是著名的,如:
France is famous for its fine food
and wine. 法国以其佳肴和美酒著名。
France is famous as a romantic
country.
法国作为一个浪漫的国家而出名。
3. I want you to remember the rules
for school parties.
我想让你记住参加学校聚会的规则。
want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某
事
4. travel around the world 周游世界
e.g. Her dream is to travel around
China. 她的梦想是周游全中国。
5. If we have it today, half the class
won’t come.
如果我们今天开聚会,全班有一半的同
学将不来参加。won’t 是 will not 的缩写
if 从句用一般现在时,表示假设,主语
用一般将来时。
6.reasons for becoming a
professional athlete 赞同成为一名职
业运动员的理由
for prep. (表示赞成、支持),
其反义词为 against
eg. Are you for his plan or against
it?
你是赞成还是反对他的计划?
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7.reasons against becoming a
professional athlete 反对成为一名职业
运动员的理由。
against prep. 反对,与…对抗
注意:介词后面用名词或动词 ing 的形
式
eg. Are you against my plan? 你反对
我的计划吗?
He is against going there.他反对去
哪里。
8.begin the story with the words.
以这些话开头讲这个故事。
begin … with… “以…开始(开
头)”
eg. The word begins with “s”.
这个词以“s”开头。
9. consequence 后果、结果
eg. We should consider the
consequences before doing.
10. have a great time 玩得高兴
11. take away 运走,取走
eg. Don't take it away. I'll
use it. 不要将它拿走,我要用。
12. make a living 谋生 v eg.
He makes living as a driver. 他以开车
谋生。
13. make money 挣钱
eg. After he became famous, he
made lots of money.
14. let in 允许……进入,嵌入
eg. Don’t let the beggar in.
不要让那个乞丐进来。
Ⅴ.课文详解
1. For many young people, becoming a
professional athlete might seem like a
dream job.
对许多年青人来说,成为一名职业运
动员可能似乎是一份理想的职业。
might (表示可能性,推测)
might do 或许,说不定(一般表示比
may 较低的可能性)
eg. She might win the prize .她或许
会获得那个奖。
The child might be home
already.那孩子说不定已回家了。
seem like+ 名词 好像…,似乎…
e.g. It seems like years since we
last met. 我们似乎好几年不见了。
2. You'll be able to make a living
doing something you love. 你能做你喜
欢的事来谋生。
be able to +动词原形,“有能力做
某事”
e.g. She is able to learn English
well. 她能学好英语。
Doing something you
love.做你喜爱的事。
you love 定语,修饰前面的 something。
3. People all over the world will
know you.全世界的人将会认识你。
all over the world 作定语,修饰
它前面的名词 people。
4. This is a great chance that many
people do not have.
这是一个许多人所不能得到的难得的机
会。
that many people do not have 是一个
定语从句,修饰它前面的 chance。
great (表示程度,放在名词之前)非常
的,异乎寻常的
eg. a great talk 健谈的人
She is a great friend of mine. 她
是我非常要好的朋友。
5. Watch you all the time and follow
you everywhere.一直看着你,你走到哪都
跟着你。
all the time 一直
eg. Look! The monkeys are running and
jumping all the time.看,猴子们一直在跑
在跳。
everywhere 副词(adv.)到处
I've looked everywhere for it.为了
找它,我到处找了个遍。
The dog followed him everywhere.无
论在哪,那狗都跟着他。
6. get injured =be injured 受伤
injured (adj)
eg. He was badly injured in the
accident.他在那次事故中受了重伤。
7. You'll have a difficult time
knowing who your real friends are.
你将很难知道谁是你真正的朋友。
who your real friends are 是一个宾
语从句,它作 knowing 一词的宾语,这是一
种“特殊疑问词+陈述语序的”宾语从句。又
如:
Can you tell me how old he is? 你能
告诉我他多大吗?
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8.I can’t remember how to get to your
house.我记不起来怎样去你家了。
这个不定式短语可以用宾语从句来替换
如下:
I can’t remember how I can get to your
house.
9.get enough exercise 得到充分的锻
炼
exercise 名词,意为“锻炼”是
为不可数名词,但是前面有 morning 和 eye
等词修饰时多用复数如: do morning
exercises 意为“练习题”时为可数名词。
10.go back home 回到家,此句可以换
成 return home
11. laugh at you 嘲笑你 laugh at
sib.嘲笑某人
E.g. Don’t laugh at a person who is in
trouble.
我们不要嘲笑陷于困境的人。
12. How many aliens dye their hair
brown? 多少外星人把他们的头发染成棕
色?
dye v.把…着色,染色
She dyed her white skirt green.
她把白色裙子染成绿色的。
Ⅵ.词语辨析
1.get to 与 arrive
get to 与 arrive 均为“到达”之意。
①get to 后面接名词,e.g. get to
Shanghai/New York
但“到达这里/那里”则为 get here/ get
there。因为 here 和 there 为副词,所以它
们前面不加 to。
②arrive 是不及物动词,它后面不能直
接跟名词,必须与介词 in/或 at 连用之后+
名词。
e.g. They arrived at Jim’s house at
2p.m. (小地点之前用介词 at)
When did they arrive in Beijing?
(大地点之前用介词 in)
I didn’t know when he arrived.
我不知道他何时到达的。
此处 arrived 后面不需要宾语,故也不
要加 in 或 at。
“到达这里/那里”则改为 arrive here/
there
“到家”则为”arrive home”,因为
here, there, home 均为副词,所以不加
in/at。
2. join 和 take part in
join 与 take part in 均为“参加”之
意,是动词
①但 join 后面跟一个组织,政党,社团,
团体等,“参加并成为其中一名成员”
eg. join the Party 入党
join the League 入团
She wants to join the
singing club.
另外,join sb. 是“参加到某人的
行列”之意
eg. Won’t you join us in a tennis
match? 你不想参加我们网球比赛吗?
He joined us for
dinner. 他与我们共进晚餐。
②take part in (动词短语)指参加(某
种活动)
eg. Are you going to take part in the
discussion? 你要参加讨论吗?
He took part in the speech
competition?
他参加了演讲比赛。
Did they take part in that meeting last
Monday? 他们上周一参加那次会了吗?
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting
shells?
一.【单元目标】
Ⅰ.单词与短语
collect marathon skate pair
since raise several stamp
kite monster globe anyone
store cake particularly collector
common extra topic capital thousand
quite certain miss
in fact 其实;实际上 run out of 用完;用
尽
by the way 顺便;附带说说 be interested in
对……感兴趣 more than 比……多
make a list of 列清单 thanks for doing
sth. 感谢某人做了某事 think of / about sth.
想起某事
Ⅱ.目标句型:
1. How long have you been doing…?
2. I’ve been doing…since…
3. How long did sb. do…?
4. He / She did sth. for…
5. What do you collect?
6. When did you start?
7. How many do you have?
8. What do you like to collect in the
future?
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9. What is the most
common/unusual/interesting hobby?
Ⅲ.语法
现在完成进行时
二.【重难点分析】
1. 现在完成进行时
构成:
肯定句:主语 + have / has been + doing
否定句:主语+have/has+not+been+doing
一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语
+been+doing?
现在完成进行时表达“某一动作从过去开
始一直持续到现在,有可能还要持续下去”,
现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词,
如:live,learn,study,work 等。
(1)I have been learning English for ten
years. 我学英语已经十年了。
(2)Has he been writing the letters to his
friend? 他是一直在给他的朋友写信吗?
(3)I haven’t been seeing films for a long
time. 我有很长时间没有看电影了。
(表明没有看电影这个动作从过去一直持续
到现在,还要继续持续下去。)
2.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别:
(1)现在完成时强调动作的完成,而现在
完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行。如:
I have read a book about birds. (已经读
完)
I have been reading a book about birds.
(一直都在读,现在还在读,有可能会继续读
下去)
(2)两种时态都有延续性, 但现在完成时
往往只说明一个事实,一种影响或结果,无感
情色彩;现在完成进行时表示一个动作的延
续、重复,有时有一定的感情色彩。 如:
She has been singing all the day. 她都
唱了一整天了。(抱怨、厌烦)
三.【重点词汇】
1. since 的用法:
(1)conj.
①(引导时间状语从句,从句中常用过去
时,主句用一般时态或完成时)自从……以
来;……以后 eg.
It was years since l had seen her.自从我
见到她(到那时)又过去好几年了。
②(引起原因状语从句,通常置于句
首)既然;因为 eg.
Since he says so,it must be true. 既
然他这么说,那一定是真的。
(2)prep. 自……以来 eg.
I have lived here since childhood.自小
我就住在这儿。
He hasn't been home sincel993.1993
年以来他还没有回过家。
(3)构成短语:ever since 从那以后(一
直)
2. since,from 和 for
(1)from 是介词,后接名词、动名词,表
示事情的开始点,以 from 短语作状语时,句
中的谓语动词可用一般现在、过去和将来时,
如:
The movie is on from 8:00 p.m. to
10:00 p.m. 这个电影在晚上 8 点到 10 点上映。
(2)since 则为介词或从属连接词,其
后接名词、动名词或从句,表示从某一特定时
间起直至现在或过去某一特定时间为止,依然
继续着的事情的开始点,在以此为时间状语的
句子中,谓语动词常用完成时。如:
Many things have happened since they
came here.自他们来这儿以后,发生了许多
事情。
The teacher said that John had made
great progress since last semester.
老师说从上个学期以来约翰取得了很
大的进步。
(3)for 是介词,后接名词,可以用来计算
持续的时间,表示事情从开始到结束所持续的
时间,谓语动词常用过去时或完成时,for 与
一般现在时连用,表示时间一直持续到将来。
如:
The meeting lasted for hours. 会议持续了几个
小时。
I've known her for five years. 我认识她已经五
年了。
3. favorite 作名词,指“最爱的物品”,favorite
也可作形容词,作形容词比较级和最高级形
式。例如:
My favorite food is dumpling.我最喜
欢的食物是饺子。
4. stop 表示“停止,结束,阻止”
The light turned red.I have to stop.红
灯亮了,我不得不停下来。
(1)stop 作名词,意为“车站,站点”。 例
如:
I get off at the next bus stop.我在下一
站下车。
(2)stop 作动词,意为“停止”,常用于 stop
doing sth.结构中,表示“停止做某事”,指停止
正在做的事。例如:
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The students stop talking.学生停止了
讲话。(动名词 talking 作宾语)
(3)stop to do sth. 则表示“停下来去做某
事”,指停止原来的事去做另外一件事。
例如:
The students stop to talk.学生们停下
来(开始)讲话。(不定式 to talk 作目的状语)
We should stop to have a rest.我们应
该停下来休息一会儿。
(4)stop sb.(from)doing sth. 表示“叫某人
停止做某事,阻止某人做某事”。
例如:
What can stop me(my)going? 有什
么能阻止我去呢?
Nothing shall stop us from studying.什
么都不能阻止我们学习。
5. have to do sth. 表示“不得不做某事”,
指客观条件的“不得不”
I have to finish the work by
myself. 我不得不自己完成这项工作。
6. run out of… 意为“从……地方跑出
来;用光……”
Class is over.The students run out of the
classroom. 下课了,学生们从教室里冲了出
来。
四.【课文解析】
1. How long have you been in class today?
你今天上了多长时间的课?(或你在
课堂多长时间?)
(1)how long “多长”或“多长时间”。对长度
或时间段提问。
-- How long have you learned English?
你学英语多长时间了?
-- For two years. 两年了。
(2)in class 在上课;在课堂上,其反义
词为 out of class “在课外”。
We should read more books out of
class. 我们在课外应该多读些书。
I have been in class for one hour. 我上
了一个小时的课。
2. Alison was the first one to start.艾丽森
是第一个开始(滑)的。
(1)“be the first / second…+n. + to do…”表
示“……是第一/ 二个做某事的”。
She was the first one to get to the school.她是
第一个到校的。
(2)to start 在这里是动词不定式作定语。
3. I'd like to collect stamps because they
are interesting.我喜欢集邮,因为它们特别有
趣。
(1)would like to do 表示“想要做某事”。例
如:
Would you like to come to join my
birthday party? 你愿意来参加我的生日晚会
吗?
(2)collect 意为“收集,搜集”,常用作及物
动词,后跟名词或代词作宾语。例如:
I like collecting all kinds Of Chinese
stamps very much.我非常喜欢收集各种中国
邮票。
4.Thanks for sending me the snow globe
of the monster. 非常感谢您送我怪兽雪花球
形玻璃器。
(1)thanks for…相当于 thank you for…意
为“为……感谢你”,后多跟名词短语或动名
词。
例如:
Thanks for your last letter. 谢谢你的上封
来信。
(2)send sb. Sth.相当于 send sth. to sb. 表
示“送给某人某物”
He sent me a present for my birthday.
He sent a present to me for my
birthday.我过生日他送了我一件礼物。
5. By the way,what's your hobby? 顺
便提一下,你的个人爱好是什么?
(1)这是一个特殊疑问句的简单句,by the
way 在句中作插入语。介词短语 by the way 意
思是“且说,顺便提一下,还有”,常用来介绍
一般性的话题,或在脑子里突然想起的事情。
例如:
We shall expect you,by the way,dinner will be
at eight.我们正在等着你,还有晚饭是八点开。
By the way,have you seen her lately?
顺便问一下,你近来见过她吗?
(2)名词 hobby 表示“爱好”是可数名词。
例如:
Your hobby is reading. 你的爱好是看书。
One of my hobbies is astronomy.
我的爱好之一是天文学。
6.It made me think about differences in
food cultures between China and western
countries.它使我想起了中国和西方国家在饮
食文化方面的差异。
(1)make 使役动词“使;让”,后面接不
定式作宾语补足语时,不带 to,类似的还有
let 和 have。eg.
He made the students laugh.他把同学们逗笑
了。
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The children must be made to clean their own
room. 必须叫孩子们打扫自己的房间。
Aunt Li tried to make us stay for supper. 李大
婶要留我们吃晚饭。
(2)think about 考虑;回想,想起;认
为 eg.
think about a plan 考虑一项计划
I always think about her when it
snows.每当下雪的时候,我总是想起她。
What do you think about the film last
night? 你认为昨晚的电影怎么样?
He was thinking about the time he
spent in the army.他正在回想他在部队度过的
日子。
We need to think about the plan.我们
需要考虑一下这个计划。
(3)介词 between 表示在二者之间
There is a fence between his garden
and our garden. 在他的花园和我们的花园之
间有一道栅栏。
You're to sit between Moira and
me. 你坐在莫伊娜和我之间。
五.【词语辨析】
1. every 和 each
(1)each 一定数目中的“每一个”;“个别”
意义较重,表示各有不同,更强调个人或个别。
eg. Each one has his
weakness. 每人都有每人的弱点。
(2)every 数目不确定的许多人或物中间
的“每一个”;“总合”意义较重,表示“大家一
致”。
eg.Every one of us is here.我们都到了。
(3)each 可作主语、同位语、定语和状语,
而 every 只能作定语。
2. interest,interesting 与 interested
(1)interest 作名词,意为“兴趣,趣味”,
用作动词时指“使(人)产生兴趣”。
例如:He shows an interest in music 他对音乐
感兴趣。
What you said interests me 你的话引起了我的
兴趣。
(2)interesting 作形容词,指“有趣的,引
起兴趣的”,可作表语或定语,指物或人本身
能引起兴趣。 例如:
The film is very interesting.电影非常有趣。
He is an interesting man. 他是一个有趣的
人。
(3)interested 是由动词 interest 加-ed 构成
的形容词。意为“感兴趣的”,其主语一般是人,
常用于 be/get/become interested in 结构中,
表示“对……感兴趣”。 例如:
When he was only a child,he got interested in
science.当他还是个孩子时,就对科学产生了
兴趣。
3. how long,how often 与 how soon
(1)how long 的意思是“有多长”,用来提
问有多长时间,答语通常是 more than two
weeks 等表示一段时间的话。例如:
--How long are you going to stay here?
你打算在这里待多久?
--Five days. 5 天。
--How long did he live in China?
他在中国住了多长时间?
--More than two years. 两年多。
(2)how often 的意思是“多长时间一次”,
用来提问在某一特定的时间内进行某个动作
的次数,答语通常是 never,sometimes,quite
often,usually,three times a year 等表示频度
的副词或短语。
例如:
--How often do you go to the library?
你多长时间去一次图书馆?
--Once a day. 一天一次。
(3)how soon 用来询问“需要多长时间能,
过多久”,谓语动词多用终止性动词,即某一
动作要花多长时间才能完成或发生,常与将来
时连用,答语常用 in a week/month/year 等。
例如:
--How soon can you finish the work?
你完成那项工作还要多久?
--May be in three days. 大概 3 天后。
--How soon will he get here?他到这儿需要多
久?
--In half an hour. 半小时。
4. have to 与 must
have to 与 must 都有“必须”的意思,但
有其不同之处:
(1)have to 有时态和人称变化,带有客观
因素,意思是“不得不”;must 无时态和人称
变化,后面接不带 to 的不定式,带有主观因
素,意思是“必须,一定”。 例如:
I have to go now.我必须得走了。
I must go. 我得走了。
(2)must not 表示“不许,一定不能”;don't
have to 表示“不必”。例如:
You mustn't go now. 你现在不许走。
You don't have to go so early.你不必走那么
早。
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(3)Must I…?的否定回答是 No,you
needn't.或 No,you don't have to. 例如:
--Must I stay here now? 我必须留在这吗?
--NO,you needn't./you don't have
to. 不,你不必。
5. fairly 与 rather
fairly 与 rather 同义但用法不同:
fairly 一般指(褒义的)理想的情形,rather
一般指(贬义的)不太理想的情形。例如:
It is a fairly easy question.
这是一个相当容易的问题。(容易而适当)
It is a rather easy question.
这是一个相当容易的问题。(大容易了而
不适当)
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the
music?
【单元目标】
Ⅰ.单词与短语
mind dish task clothing poster
solution annoy line return voice
etiquette normal Asian Europe
allow
public impolite cough smoke
sneeze
criticize drop litter behave perhaps
polite uncomfortable
not at all 一点也不 turn down 调小(收音机等)
right away 立刻;马上 wait in line 排队等候
cut in line 插队 keep down 控制
at first 首先 break the rule 不服从;不
遵守
put out 熄灭 put on 穿上
pick up 捡起 even if 即使
Ⅱ.目标句型:
1. Would you mind doing…?
2. Do you mind doing…?
3. Could / Can / Will / May you please do…?
4. Would you mind not doing…?
5. Not at all. I’ll do it right away.
6. Sorry,I’ll do it right away.
7. Please do / don’t…
8. You’d better do…
Ⅲ.重点句型
1. Would you mind turning down the
music?
2. whether 和 if 引导从句的用法。
3. get 的用法
【重难点分析】
1. Would you mind…?和 Do you mind…?
用于询问或请求别人做某事,或请求他人的许
可。
(1)mind 后面可以用-ing 形式,复合结构
one’s doing 或 if 引导的从句。例如:
Would you mind doing the dishes? =
Do you mind doing the dishes?
= Please do the dishes.
请把餐具洗了好吗? (表示请求别人做
事)
Would you mind turning down the
radio?
= Do you mind turning down the
radio? 请把收音机关小点好吗?
(2)Would you mind my doing…? = Do you
mind if I do…?
这个句型用于询问他人意见或请求他人的许
可。
例如:Would you mind my smoking here?
= Do you mind if I smoke here?
你介意我在这里吸烟吗?
Would you mind my asking you a
question?
= Do you mind if I ask you a question?
我问你一个问题好吗?
Would you mind my opening the
window?
=Do you mind my opening the
window?
= Can I open the window? 我
可以开窗吗?
注意:
在美国口语中还可以将这个句型用
Would you mind me doing sth.?来表达,但是
在书面表达中要用 my。
Would you mind me using your car?
我用一下你的车好吗?
(3)询问有关人们感觉的一般性问题,可
以用 Do you mind…?通常不用 Would you
mind…?
如:
Do you mind people smoking in your
house? 你介意别人在你家里吸烟吗?
这里不能说 Would you mind people
smoking in your house?
(4)这个句型的否定形式是在 mind 后加
not,即 Would you mind not…?或 Do you mind
not…?
如:
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Would you mind not playing basketball
here? 你不要在这打篮球好吗?
Would you mind not wearing those old
jeans?
(5)回答 Do/Would you mind…? 提出的
问题时,表示允许要说 No 或 Not at all 等;
如果介意要做肯定回答 Yes. 或 Yes,I’m
sorry,but I do.等,如:
-Do you mind if I ask you a question? 我可以
问你的一个问题吗?
--No,please do.可以,请问吧。
2. 通常既可用 whether 也可用 if 表示
“是否”来引导从句,常置于 see,ask,learn,
tell,wonder,doubt,find out 等动词之后。
如: I'm not sure whether /if I'll have time. 我
不敢肯定我是否会有时间。
He asked me whether/if I could help
him.
I want to know whether/if he lives there.
只能使用 whether 的场合
(1)只有 whether 能用在介词后面 如:
Success depends on whether we make
enough effort.
(2)在英语中与 or (not) 连用的词通常是
whether 如:
Whether we help him or not,he will
fail. 不论我们帮助他与否, 他都将失败。
(3)带 to 的动词不定式前用 whether,而不
用 if 如:
Please tell us whether to go or stay here.
请告诉我们是走还是留。
(4)whether 可置于句首引导主语从
句,而 if 不能如:
Whether the meeting will be in Beijing
is not known yet. 会议是否在北京举行还不得
而知。
记忆法:不定式前介词后,or not 随
其后。还有句头携我手,都有 whether 随我
走
3. get on / get off ( a / the bus,train,boat,
plane) 上/下(公共汽车、火车、船、飞机)
如: She got on / off the bus quickly.
get on 还可以表示为:相处融洽、继
续。 如:
Get on with your work! 继续工作吧!
I get on well with all my classmates.
我和所有的同学相处都很融洽。
get 的其它的用法:
(1)表示“到达,抵达”,如果后接表示到
达某地的名词,get 后面要接介词 to,地点是
副词 home,here,there 等时去掉 to 如:
She got there at six.
她六点钟到达那里。(there 为地点副
词)
When we got to the station, the bus was
waiting.
当我们到达车站时,汽车还在等着。(the
station 是名词)
(2)get sth. done 使---被---
I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll
come. 我得把盘子洗了,然后就来。
I must get the television fixed.
我必须请人修理一下这台电视机。
(3)get 与宾语+形容词连用,其意思是“使
某物/某人成为”如:
I got my feet wet. 我把脚弄湿了。
It's time to get the kids ready for school.
该给孩子们收拾好去上学了。
(4)变成,成为如:
The food's getting cold. 菜凉了。
This skirt is getting dirty 这件短裙脏
了。
He is getting old. 他渐渐老了。
(5)获得,取得 如:
I must get some fruit in the market.
我得在市场上买点水果。
I'll get something to eat before I got out.
我出去之前要找点东西吃。
Unit 8 Why don’t you get her a scarf?
【单元目标】
Ⅰ.单词与短语
suggestion choose enter
advantage receive besides comment
encourage present trendy special album
personal instead mouse perfect
company asleep progress bench
Sweden native nearly
fall asleep 入睡 give away 赠送
rather than 而不是 hear of 听说
suggest v. 提议;建议 take an interest
in 对……感兴趣 make friends with 与……
交友
Ⅱ.目标句型:
1. What should I get for sb…?
2. How about sth./doing sth.?
3. How do you like sth.?
4. What about sth./doing sth.?
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5. Why don’t you buy/get…?
6. Why not buy/get…?
7. They’re too expensive/cheap/personal…
8. Great!/Good idea!/OK…. I’ll get/buy…
9. My best gift is…
10. It’s good for sb. to…
11. It can make sb….
Ⅲ.重点句型
1. Why don’t sb. do sth.? 2. How about
结构 3. too…to 结构
【重点词汇】
1. improve
作不及物动词,表示“改进,改善” 例如:
His work is improving slowly. 他的工作提高
得很慢。
也可作及物动词,表示“使某物改进,改善”。
例如:
He studies harder to improve his English.
他更加努力提高英语水平了。
This is not good enough. I want to improve it.
这还不够好,我要加以改进。
2. remember v. 记住,记起
I can’t remember your name. 我记不起你的名
字。
As far as I can remember,this is the third time
we’ve met.
我记得这是我们第三次会面了。
remember doing sth 表示“记得做某事”;动名
词 doing 具有完成的意义
I remember taking (having taken) the medicine
at the right time.
我记得已按时服过药了。(吃过了)
remember to do sth 表示“记住去做某事”;不定
式 to do 表示未做的动作
I remember to take the medicine at the right
time. 我记住要按照服药。(还没吃)
3. too…to,这个短语虽然是肯定的形式,
但是表达的是否定的意思:“太…以至于(不
能)…”。 如:
He is too old to work. 他太老了,不能工作
了。
The box is too heavy for the little girl to carry.
这箱子太重,小女孩搬不动。
如在 too 前面或者后面有否定词 not,则整个
句子表达肯定。 如:
This question is not too difficult to answer.
这道题不太难回答。
He is too clever not to see that. 他很聪
明,不会不懂这一点。
4. spend…on 在…上花(时间或金钱)
如:
He spends a lot of money on books.
他花许多钱买书。
I spend half an hour on my homework every day.
我每天要花费半小时做作业。
I always spend weekends with my
family. 我经常和我的家人一起过周
末。
spend…(in) doing sth.花(时间或金
钱等)做某事。
如:
The government will spend money
looking after the patients.政府要花钱去照料那
些病人
5. instead 代替,替代
作副词,常放在句首或句末
It’s too hot to walk,we’ll go swimming instead.
太热不宜散步,我们改去游泳。
The girl stopped watching TV,she danced
instead now. 那个女孩不看电视了,而去跳舞
了。
He is tired,let me go instead. 他累了,让我
替他去吧。
instead of 后跟名词、代词或动名词,表示“代
替……,而不是……”。例如:
He’ll go to Italy instead of France.
他要去意大利而不去法国。
I’ll go instead of him. 我将代替他去。
He played the whole afternoon instead of doing
his homework.
他玩了一下午而没做作业。
6. touch 触,碰
Don’t touch that pot;it’s very hot.
不要摸那口锅,它很烫。
常用短语:in touch with 有联系;对某事熟
悉
lose touch 失去联系,停止联系
out of touch 无联系;生疏
7. native 本地的,本族的,本国的
Chinese is our native language.汉语是我们的
母语。
It’s a native fruit. 这是一种当地产的水果。
one’s native country / land 本国,祖国
native place 出生地
one’s native language 本国语,本族语
反义词:foreign 外国的;外交的;外
国产的;外来的
8. increase 增加,增大,增多
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Travel increases one’s knowledge of the
world. 旅游提高一个人对世界的认
识。
He increased the size of his farm year by
year. 他逐年扩大他的农场规模。
The population of this town has
increased by 5 percent. 这个镇的人口已经增
长了 5%。
常用短语: increase by 增加
了……
increase to…… 增加
到……
9. support 支持;继续;养活
He has a large family to support.
他有一大家子人要养活。
He was supported home by the man.
他被那个人扶回了家。
support 还可作名词,表示“拥护;支
持”
There is strong public support for the
change. 公众大力支持这一变革。
10. enough 意为“充足,足够”
enough 作副词,可用于修饰形容词、
副词、动词等,通常置于被修饰语之后。
I don’t know him well enough to ask
him for help. 我和他不够熟悉,不好请他帮
忙。
This room is big enough for five of us
to live in. 这房间给我们 5 个人住够大了。
enough 还可作形容词,用于修饰可
数名词复数或不可数名词,置于名词前或后均
可。
Do you have enough time? 你的时间够用
吗?
We have money enough to buy the
house. 我们有足够的钱买这所房子。
11. take care of 表示“照顾,照料,爱惜”
是及物的动词短语。
During the illness of their mother the
children were taken care of by a neighbor.
在孩子们的母亲患病期间,他们由一位邻居
照顾。
A good car should last you a long time if you
take care of it.
如果你爱惜的话,一部好汽车会让你长时间
使用。
She ought to take care of her health
more than she does. 她该比现在更注意健康。
【重难点分析】
1. Why don’t you do sth.?
这是给别人提建议,建议某人做什么
事情的句型。 如:
Why don't you come more often?
咱们为什么不经常来这里呢?'
这个句子还可以写成 Why not do…?
如:Why not get her a camera? 为什么不给她
买个相机呢?
这个句型还有发出礼貌地邀请的用
法。
如:Why don’t you have a drink of tea? 请喝
茶。= Why not have a drink of tea?
2. How/What about…? 表示“……怎么样
/好吗?”
这个句型是询问听话这一方对某事物
的看法或者意见。about 是个介词,它后面要
接名词或者 doing。 如:
How about his playing football?
他足球踢得怎么样?
What about swimming with us?
和我们一起游泳怎么样?
How about her English?
她的英语怎样?
3. —When did Joe get it?乔是什么时候收到的
礼物?
—On his sixth birthday.在他 6 岁生日
时。
(1)on one’s …… birthday 表示“在某人
的……岁生日时”,要用序数词。
On his tenth birthday,his parents gave
him a new bike as birthday present.
在他 10 岁生日那天,他的父母给他买
了一辆新的自行车作为生日礼物。
(2)介词 on 表示“在具体的某一天或某一
天的上、下午”。
We will have a party on Christmas Day.
圣诞节那天,我们将要举行一个晚会。
4. Is it someone in your family?
是你家里的什么人吗?
句中 it 用来确指身份不明的人。
--Who is it? 是谁呀?
--It's me,Mary. 是我,玛丽。
--Who is at the door? 谁在门口?
--It's the postman. 是邮递员。(主语
是 who,身份不明,故用 it 指代)
Mr Smith is at the door.He wants to
see you.
史密斯先生在门口,他想见你。(主语
是 Mr Smith,身份明确,故用 he 指代)
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5. The movie was boring,I fell asleep half
way through it. 这部电影令人厌烦。在放映
了一半时我就睡着了。
(1)boring 表示“令人厌烦的”,bored 表示
“厌烦的”
The book was boring. When he read the
book,he felt bored. 这本书很令人厌烦。当
他读的时候,觉得很烦。
bored 在这里是过去分词作形容词用,
许多动词的现在分词和过去分词均可作形容
词,区别在于过去分词有被动意味,常指“……
对……感到……”,主语通常是“人”,后面多
接介词;而现在分词有主动意味,指“使人……
的”,常用作表语,而主语通常是“物”。
例如:
He is interested in science. 他对科学很感兴
趣。
The story is very interesting.这个故事很有趣。
(2)fall asleep 意为“睡着了”,fall 是连系动
词,asleep 是形容词,作表语。
When he was reading,he fell asleep.
他看书时睡着了。
6. In the USA,some people ask their
families and friends to give money to charity
rather than buying them gifts. 在美国,一些人
要求他们的家人和朋友把钱捐给慈善机构而
不是给他们买礼物。
(1)本句中两个 to,第一个 to 为不定式符
号,后为动词原形,第二个 to 作介词。 例如:
The teacher asked me to take the books
to the classroom 老师让我把书拿到教室里
去。
(2)rather than 表示“与其……(不如……),
不是……(而是……)”是连词词组,可在两个
并列的成分中选择,也可连接两个谓语、两个
表语、两个主语等。当主句有动词不定式,
rather than 后可接带 to 的动词不定式或不带 to
的动词不定式,也可以用动名词形式。 例如:
Things fall to the earth rather than go
up into the air.东西落到地面上而不是飞向天
空。
These shoes are comfortable rather than
pretty. 这些鞋子谈不上漂亮但穿起来很舒
服。
I rather than you,should do the work.
该做这工作的是我,而不是你。
I think I’ll have a cold drink rather than
milk. 我想喝冷饮,不想喝牛奶。
The color seems like yellow rather than
green. 这颜色看上去更像黄色而不
像绿色。
7. People don’t need to spend too much
money.
人们不需要花费太多的钱。
(1)need 在本句中作实义动词,表示“需
要”,有人称、数和时态的变化,其后常接名
词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。
Do you need any help? 你需要帮助吗?
(名词)
I can give you some help. Do you need it?
我可以帮助你,你需要吗?(代词)
I need to go right now 你需要现在就走。(不
定式)
need 表示“必须”,还可作情态动词,
没有人称、数和时态的变化,接动词原形作谓
语,直接加 not 构成否定形式。只用在否定句
和疑问句中。
例如:
I needn’t finish that work today.
我今天不必把那项工作做完。
Need you go right now? 你一
定得现在走吗?
(2)too much 意为“太多”,用于修饰不可
数名词。
There is too much time left. 还
剩下太多的时间。
8. Later,the same gift may be given away
to someone else.
后来,同样的礼品可能被赠送给别人。
该句为含有情态动词的被动语态。
give away 表示“赠送,捐赠”是固定的短语动
词。
例如:
He has decided to give all his money
away to charity. 他已决定把所有的钱都捐赠
给慈善机构。
I've given the books away to a library.
我已经把那些书捐赠给一家图书馆。
Her little boy had cried so heavily
when they had given the dog away.
他们把狗送给别人时,她的小儿子哭
得很厉害。
They are giving away free toys when
you spend more than $30 in the store.
如果你在那家商店消费超过 30 美元,
他们免费赠送玩具。
9. Twenty-four singers from across China
recently competed by singing a number of
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popular English songs.来自全中国的 24 名歌
手最近通过唱若干首流行英语歌曲来比赛。
(1)句中“by+动名词”表示“通过某种方式
或手段”,在句中作方式状语。
I did not think she would do any good
by coming over. 我认为她过来不会有什么好
处。
There is nothing to gain by waiting.
等待将一无所获。
He taught himself to play the violin by
practising all night.
通过整夜练习他自学拉小提琴。
(2)a number of 表示“许多,大量,若干”
是量词词组,其后只跟可数名词。
The parents were invited to see the
program,and a number“people came,too.
父母应邀来看节目,不少人也来了。
There were a number of people out this
afternoon. 今天下午许多人出去了。
A number of accidents always occur on
such days. 在这种日子里常常有事故发
生。
10. If there were new words in a song,I
looked them up in the dictionary.
如果在歌曲里有生词,我就查字典。
这是一个含有条件状语从句的主从
复合句。主句中 look up 表示“(在词典、书籍
中)查找”。
按照英语习惯用法,“查字典”为 look
up the words in the dictionary,不说 look up the
dictionary。另外,look up 是“动副”结构的及
物的短语动词,名词作宾语置于副词前后皆
可,代词作宾语要置于副词之前。
If you don't know the meaning of a
word,look it up in a good dictionary.
如果你不知道一个词的意义,就去查
一本好词典。
You can look up her telephone
number in the book.
你可以在电话簿里查找她的电话号
码。
Will you look up a train for me in the
timetable?
你可不可以帮我在行车时刻表中查
找一个列车车次?
11. As you go to your home by the ocean
may you never forget those sweet hours that we
spent in the Red River Valley and the love we
exchanged mid the flowers.当你通过海洋到你
家时,祝你永远不会忘记我们一起在红河谷度
过的那些甜蜜时光以及我们一起在花丛中交
换的爱情。
这是一个含有时间状语从句的主从
复合句,主句中又含有两个定语从句。hours
和 love 既在主句中作 forget 的并列宾语,又
分别是其后定语从句所修饰的先行词。在前一
个定语从句中,关系代词 that 既引导定语从
句,又在从句中作 spent 的宾语;在第二个定
语从句的主语 we 前,省略了既引导定语从句,
又在从句中作 exchanged 宾语的关系代词 that
或 which。主句中 may 用倒装语序表示祝愿。
例如:
May you succeed! 祝你成功!
May you be happy! 祝你幸福!
May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑
你!
as 用作连接词表示时间关系,用来
引导时间状语从句,意思也是“当……的时
候”,往往可与 when 或 while 通用,但它着重
指主句和从句中的动作或事情相并发生。例
如:
I saw him as he was getting off the
bus. 当他下公共汽车时,我看见了
他。
As he walked on,he felt himself
getting more and more tired. 他继续往前走的
时候,感到越来越疲乏。
As the day went on,the weather got
worse. 随着时间的推移,天气变得更糟。
I was coming in as he was going out.
我进来时他正出去。
My pen trembles as I write it.
我一边写,笔一边颤抖。
Helen heard the story as she washed.
海伦洗衣服的时候听到这个故事。
As I left the house I remembered the
key. 当我们离开房间的时候,我想起了钥
匙。
【词语辨析】
1. spend,cost,take,pay 表“花费”
(1)spend 的主语必须是“人”,宾语可以是
钱、精力、时间等。
如:
He spends much money on
books. 他平时将很多钱用在买书上。
He spent a lot of money(in)buying a
new car. 他花很多钱买了一辆新车。
(2)cost 的主语必须是“物”或“事”,表示
“费用”、“耗费”,后接 life,money,health,
time 等,侧重于“花费”的代价。
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如:
The book cost him one
dollar. 这本书用了他一美元。
It costs you 12 pounds to go to London
by ship. 乘船到伦敦要用 12 英镑。
(3)take 表示“花费”时,其主语一般是“一
件事”,有时主语也可以是人,它说明事情完
成“花费了……”。
如:
It took me ten minutes to go to the post
office. 到邮局用用了我十分钟时间。
It takes a lot of money to buy a house
as big as that. 买一座像那样的房子要花很多
钱。
(4)pay 的基本意思是“支付”,作为及物动
词,宾语可以是“人”、“钱”,
如:
He paid the taxi and hurried to the
station. 他付了出租车的钱,急忙向车站赶
去。
They had to pay two hundred
francs. 他得付一百法郎。
We'll pay you in a few
days. 几天后我会给你钱。
(5)pay for 的宾语为“物”、“事”,for 表示
支付的原因。
如:
You'll have to pay me ten dollars a
week for your meals. 你得每周付给我十美元
饭钱。
注意:
下面两句中 pay for 的意义不同。
Of course we have to pay for what we
buy. 当然我们买东西得付钱。
Don't worry about money;I'll pay for
you.别担心钱,我会替你付的。
2. other 与 else 两者都有“别的,其他的”
的含义,但用法有区别:
(1)other 是形容词,用于名词的前面;else
作副词或形容词用时,常修饰不定代词或疑问
代词,并置于其后。
Some are playing football. Other
students (或用代词 Others) are watching.
一些学生在踢足球,其他的学生在观
看。
What else can you see in the classroom?
在教室里你还能看见其他的什么东西?
(2)other 与 else 有时可相互转换。
He is taller than any other student in his
class.
= He is taller than anybody else in his
class. 他比班里的其他学生都要高。
What else can you see?
=What other things can you see? 你
还能看见其他东西吗?
3.receive 与 accept 两者都做“收到”讲,
但具体含义有所不同。
(1)receive 的意思是“接到”“收到”“受到”。
它指“接”“收”的动作或事实,并不包含接收者
本人是否“接受”的意思。
I received a letter from my mother.
我收到了母亲的一封信。
We received a warm welcome there.
我们在那里受到了热烈的欢迎。
(2)accept 的意思是“接受”“领受”“承
认”“接纳”。指经过考虑,同意或愿意接受强
调“收到”的结果是“接受”了。
We received the present,but we did not
accept it.我们收到了那份礼物,但没有接受
它。
He accepted the invitation with
pleasure. 他愉快地接受了邀请。
Unit 9 Have you ever been to an
amusement park?
【单元目标】
Ⅰ.单词与短语
neither amusement discover especially
attendant travel population character
fear type awake environment
temperature theme attraction route
board cruise boat southeast quarter
brave excellent natural whenever
season dark
have a great time 玩的愉快
take a ride 兜风
end up 结束
on board 在船(飞机、火车)上
exchange student 交换生
take a holiday 休假;度假
three quarters 四分之三
all year round 一年到头;终年
have…problem(in) doing sth. 做某事遇到问
题
be close to 接近,靠近
think of/about doing sth. 考虑或打算做某
事
argue with sb. 与人争吵
Ⅱ.目标句型:
八年级(下)英语知识讲解(人教)
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1. —Have you ever been to…?
—Yes,I have. /No,I haven’t.
2. I/He/She has / have never been to…
3. Where have you been?
4. Where do you want to go?
5. How long have you been doing…?
6. What do you like best about doing sth.?
7. What kind of job do you want?
8. How do/did you do sth.?
9. How do you spell your name?
Ⅲ.语法
现在完成时
A.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现
在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,
持续到现在的动作或状态。
如:
The car has arrived. 车子来了。
(结果:车子已在门口)
Someone has broken the window.
有人把窗户打破了。(结果:窗户仍破着)
现在完成时句子通常有 recently,
lately,since,for,in the past few months/years
等词做时间状语。
肯定形式:have/has + done
否定形式:have/has + not +done
一般疑问句:have 或 has 放于句首。
B.现在完成时的用法
1)现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前
已完成,而对现在有影响。所以常常后面不用
时间状语。现在完成时所表的动作离说话人的
说话时刻可近可远。 如:
He has gone to London. (说话人认为
他不在该地)
He has been to London. (说话人认为
他在该地)
2)现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去,
持续到现在,也许还会持续下去。常用 for 和
since 表示一段时间的状语或 so far,now,
today,this week (month,year)等表示包括现
在时间在内的状语。
例如:
He has studied English for 5 years.
He has studied English since 2001.
Now I have finished the work.
注意:
表示短暂时间动作的词,如:come,go,
die,marry,buy 等的完成时不能与 for,since
等表示一段时间的词连用。
3)现在完成时还可用在时间和条件状语
从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作。
例如:
I’ll go to your home when I have
finished my homework.
If it has stopped snowing in the
morning,we will go to the park.
【重点词语】
1.record
(1)record 作名词,表示“记录”
This is a record of school attendance.
这是一份学生考勤记录。
He kept a record of what the speaker
sail. 他把说话人所说的话都记录了下
来。
(2)record 作名词还可表示“有关某人或某
物过去的已知事实;档案记录”。
He has an honorable record of service.
他有光荣的服务记录。
(3)record 作动词,表示“写出以作参考、
记录”。
例如:
The tape recorder has recorded his voice
录音机已经录下了他的声音。
Listen to the speaker carefully and
record what he says. 仔细听讲,然后记下他所
说的话。
2. have been to 表示“到(去)过某处”,现
在已不在那个地方。
如:
He has been to England. 他曾
到过英国。(现在已经不在英国了)
Have you ever been to the Great
Wall? 你到过长城吗?(现在已经不在
长城上)
have gone to 表示“去了某处”,“到某
处去了”,现在已不在说话的地点了。
如:
He has gone to England。
他已去英国了。(已经不在说话的地
方,到达英国或者在去英国的路上)
3. time
n. [U] 时间,时候 如:
Time never stands still. 时间不会停滞不
前。
The time has come for us to speak out.
是我们大胆讲话的时候了。
n. [C] 一段时间,时刻 如:
You have taken a long time writing the letter.
你用了很长时间写这封信。
We had a good time together.
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我们一起度过了愉快的时光。
n. (多用复数)时代 如:
He is one of the best actors in modern times.
他是现代最好的演员之一。
n. 次;倍 如:
This is the first time that I have ever been
abroad. 这真是我第一次出国。
Your room is three times the size of mine.
你的房间是我的三倍大。
注意: 作“倍,次”,必须用于“三次(倍)”
以上,一、二次(倍)用 once,twice 表示。
4. attract
(1)用作及物动词,可直接跟名词或代词
作宾语。
The noise attracted his attention.
喧嚷声引起了他的注意。
(2)attract 常用于 be attracted to sb / sth 结
构,意为“喜爱某人或某物”。
I’m very attracted to her. 我非常喜欢
她。
5. discover
(1)作“发现”讲时,作及物动词,后跟名
词作宾语,指的是那些原来已存在的,但不为
人知的物或事等
They discovered him stealing public
property. 他们发现他盗窃公共财产。
Who discovered the America?谁发现了
美洲?
(2)discover 还可意为“知道事实,答案”
I soon discovered the truth.
不久我便知道了真相。
6. one…the other 表示“(两者中的)一
个……另一个”,该短语是代词短语,强调两
个当中的一个……另一个……。注意其基数必
须是两个。
I have two sister. One is a doctor, and
the other is a teacher. 我有两个姐姐,一个是
医生,一个是老师。
Hold it in this hand,not the other.
用这只手握着,不要用那只手。
7. for example 表示“例如……”,该短语常
用在句中作插入语,用于举例说明情况,可放
在句首、句中或句末,但常用逗号与正文隔开。
常置于句首。
We feed many animals,for example,
cows,pigs,dogs,horses etc.我们喂养很多的
动物,例如奶牛、猪、狗、马等等。
For example,I know the film star
Zhang Ziyi. 譬如,我认识电影明星章
子怡。
8. mean
(1)mean 作及物动词,意为“意思是,意
味着”。
What does this word mean? 这个单词是什么
意思?
(2)mean 意为“意思是……”,还可跟 that
引导的宾语从句。例如:
The teacher meant that you must listen carefully
in class.老师的意思是你上课必须认真听讲。
(3)mean 还可意为“意味着……”,后跟动
名词作宾语。
What he said means sending you to the
hospital. 他说的话得意思着要送你去
医院。
(4)mean 还可意为“打算,意图”,后跟动
词不定式作宾语。例如:
I don’t mean to hurt you. 我并无意伤
害你。
What do you mean to do next? 你下一步打
算做什么?
9. own
(1)own 意为“自己的,特有的”,常与名
词所有格连用,起加强语气的作用。
It’s nice if I can have my own room.
我要是能有自己的房间就好了。
(2)own 作代词,意为“属于某人之物”,
相当于一个名词性物主代词。
Those books belong to the library but
this is my own.
那些书是图书馆的,但这本是我自己
的。
(3)own 还可作动词,表示“拥有,有”。
We don’t rent our house; we own it.
我们的房子不是租的,是我们自己的。
(4)own 作动词,还可表示“承认,自白”。
He owned to have done it. 他承
认曾经干过这件事。
10. ask for 表示“要求,请求”。
Bill did a lot for me without asking for
any reward 比尔为我做了许多事,没要任何报
酬。
【重难点分析】
1.——Have you ever been to a water park?
你曾去过水上公园吗
——No,I haven’t. 不,没去过。
——Me,neither. 我也没去过。
(1)have been to 表示某人“去过某地,现在
已经回来了”,可用于各种人称。
I have been to the Summer Palace.我去过颐
和园。
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I have never been to the city.我从没去过那
座城市。
(2)副词 ever 意为“曾经,以前,无论何时”
表示一个不确定的时间。主要用于否定句、疑
问句、条件句、比较句等。
Have you ever been to Paris?你曾去过巴
黎吗?
We hardly ever go out at night.我们晚上很少
出去。
(3)本句中 Me,neither. 是口语化的简略
回答。一般情况下用 Neither have I,为“neither
+ 系/助/情态动词+主语”结构,neither 在此意
为“也不……”,表示主语所做的动作与前面提
到过的人或事相同,是为了避免语言重复,其
中的系/助/情态动词在时态上与前一句保持
一致,而在数上要与其后的主语一致。例如:
— I can’t swim. 我不会游泳。
— Neither can I. 我也不会。
He didn’t go to school. Neither did she.
他没去上学,她也没去。
(4)若在肯定句中表示“也……”,则要用
“so +系/助/情态动词”。
I am a student,so is my sister.
我是学生,我妹妹也是学生。
He can swim,so can I.他会游泳,我也
会。
I feel happy,so does he.我高兴,他也
高兴。
2. All the houses look like houses in
Holland.
所有的房子看起来像荷兰的房子。
句子 look 是系动词,后跟介词短语作
表语。look like 表示“像,与……相似”是一动
词短语。
He looks so much like his brother that
people often mistake them for each other.
他和他弟弟十分相像,人们常错认他
们。
These houses look exactly like each
other,which makes the street look very dull.
这些房屋一模一样,使这条街显得单调
乏味。
3. Most of us have probably heard of
Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, and many other
famous Disney characters. 我们大部分人可能
都听说过米老鼠、唐老鸭还有其他许多有名的
迪士尼人物。
(1)hear of 为动介结构,后面常接名词、
代词或动名词作宾语,表示听到有关某事的消
息或情况。
They have never heard of that. 他们从
未听说过那件事。
hear of 后一般不接从句,要接从句时,
则不用 of。例如:
I heard our Chinese teacher was ill.
我听说我们的语文教师病了。
(2)probably 表示“可能”,是一种推测。
He will probably succeed.他很可能会
成功。
4. I want to study in an English-speaking
country. 我想到一个说英语的国家深造。
(1)want to do sth 意为“想要做某事”。
Did you want to tell me something?
你想告诉我些什么吗?
(2)English-speaking 是合成形容词,表示
“说英语的”,注意 spoken English 表示“英语口
语”。
5. I've never been to an amusement park
like it before. 我以前从未去过那样的露天游
乐场。
(1)副词 never 作“永不,决不”解,表示全
部否定,一般指经常性的状态,不用于修饰一
次性的具体动作;一般位于系动词及助动词之
后,实义动词之前,如修饰动词不定式或分词,
则要放在不定式或分词之前;never 可用于句
首加强语气,其后的句子要主谓倒装。
I can never understand why Mary said
nothing about her wrongs.
我绝不理解玛丽说的她什么也没有做错。
I hope never to see him
again. 我希望再也不要见到他。
He is never late for class 他上课从不迟到。
Never have l seen such a strange person.
我从来没看见过这样的怪人。
(2)before 用作副词表示“以前”。泛指“以
前”时,谓语动词可用一般过去时表示过去发
生过,,也可用现在完成时则表示对现在的影
响。用于特指时通常置于表示具体时间的名词
之后。
We saw that film before. 那部电影我们以前
看过。
I have never seen such a beautiful scene.
我从来没有见过这样美丽的景象。
It came across my mind that l had met him
somewhere before.
我突然意识到我曾在什么地方见过
他。
6. Here's what two of our students said
about our school.
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第 28 页 共 33 页
这里就是两个我们的学生所说的关于
我们学校的情况。
(1)这是一个含有主语从句的倒装的主从
复合句。连接代词 what 既引导主语从句,又
在从句中作 said 的宾语。
What he said is true 他所说的是真的。
What l need most is your
help. 我最需要的是你的帮助。
What we need badly are more
teachers. 我们急需的是更多的老师。
(2)副词 here 置于句首要用倒装语序,主
语为代词部分倒装,主语为名词全部倒装。
Here it is. 给你。
Here is a letter for you.这是给你的来
信。
Here comes the bus! 汽车来了!
Here's the book you're looking for.
这就是你正在找的书。
Here he comes! 他来了!
7. It was because I could speak English that
I got the job.
正是因为我会讲英语我才得到了这份
工作。
这是一个强调结构,强调原因状语从
句。强调结构的句式是“It+be+被强调成分
+that…”。被强调的是简单句的主语、宾语、
宾补或状语,不能强调谓语、定语或表语。强
调对象是人作主语时可用 who,作宾语时用
whom,其余一律用 that。
It was my father who/that did the
experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
正是父亲昨天晚上在实验室作实验。
It was at the gate of the school I met
Tom. 正是在校门口我见到汤
姆。
It was last week that l attended an art
exhibition for the first time.
是上周我才第一次参观一个艺术展
览。
【词语辨析】
1. hear,hear of 与 hear from
(1)hear 为及物动词,意为“听见,听到”,
后可跟复合宾语,hear sb do sth 表示“听见某
人做了某事”或 hear sb doing sth 表示“听见某
人正做某事”。
We listened but could hear nothing.
我们留心听,却什么也没有听见。
I heard her singing in her room. 我听见她
正在房间里唱歌。
(2)hear 还可作“听说”讲,后常跟 that 引
导的宾语从句。
I heard that he was ill. 我听说他病
了。
(3)hear of 意为“听说”,后跟人或物作宾
语。
I’ve never heard of that place. 我从未
听说过那个地方。
(4)hear from 意为“收到某人的来信”,后
跟人作宾语。
How often do you hear from your sister?
你多长时间收到你姐姐的一次信?
I heard from him last week.我上周收到他
的信。
2. find,find out 与 look for 都含有“寻找,
找到”的意思,但其含义和用法却不同。
(1)find 意为“找到,发现”,通常指找到或
发现具体的东西,也可指偶然发现某物或某种
情况,强调的是找的结果。
Will you find me a pen?你替我找支钢笔好
吗?
He didn’t find his bike.他没找到他的自行
车。
(2)look for 意为“寻找”,是有目的地找,
强调“寻找”这一动作。
I don’t find my pen;I’m looking for it
everywhere. 我没有找到我的钢笔,我正到处
找。
He is looking for his shoes. 他在找他的鞋
子。
(3)find out 意为“找出,发现,查明”,多
指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚,
弄明白”,通常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义,
指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。
Please find out when the train leaves.
请查一下火车什么时候离站。
Read this passage,and find out the
answer to this question.
读这篇短文,找出这个问题的答案。
3. already,still 与 yet
(1)already 用于肯定的陈述句,也可用于
疑问句,表示期待肯定回答,或表示惊讶。或
用于否定句,也带有否定含义。
When I arrived, he was already there.
我到达时,他已在那儿了。
Is it six o’clock already?已经到 6 点钟了
吗?
(2)still 通常置于句子中间,意为“仍然,
依旧”。例如:
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She still doesn’t understand. 她仍然不明
白。
(3)still 还可作形容词,意为“静止”。例如:
The soldier stood there still.
那位士兵站在那一动不动。
(4)yet 与 already 意思相近,一般用于否
定句和疑问句中,常置于主要动词之前或句
末。例如:
We have not yet been there.我们还没有到过
那儿。
4. other,others,the other,the others,
another,any other,any others
(1)other 作形容词,通常用在单数或复数
名词的前面,意为“别的;其他的;另外的”。
I'll come again some other day. 我改
日再来。
(2)others(=other+复数名词) 泛指“部分”
含义,用于已知的一些人或物中,除去某些后
余下的人或物中的一部分。
The students of Class Four are cleaning
the classroom. Some are carrying water,others
are sweeping the floor. 四班的学生们在打扫
教室。一些人在打水,另一些人在扫地。
(3)the other
the other 表示已知的两个(或两部分)
人或事物中,特指的“另一个”或“另一些”,其
后可跟单数或复数名词。
I have two brothers. One is a doctor,
and the other is a teacher.
我有两个兄弟。一位是医生,另一位
是教师。
(4)the others(=the other+复数名词)指一
定范围内除去一个或一部分后,“余下的人或
物的全部”。
This composition is better than the
others. 这篇作文比其他那些都好。
(5)another 泛指不定数中(三者或三者以
上)的“另一个”。another 前面不能用定冠词
the,它作为限定词(定语)通常与单数名词
连用,但是它后面可以跟 few 或基数词的复数
名词。
This glass is broken,get me another
please. 这只玻璃杯坏了,请给我再拿
一个。
I'll stay here in another few days.
我要在这儿再呆几天。
注意:other 和 another 都可以用来修
饰数词,表示“另外的;附加的”,但是结构不
同。other 的位置是“数词+other+复数名词”,
相当于 more 的用法;而 another 则是“another+
数词+复数名词”。
今天下午我又写了两封信。
I wrote another two letters this
afternoon.
=I wrote two other letters this
afternoon.
=I wrote two more letters this
afternoon.
(6)any other 表示一个之外的其它任何
一个,而不是两个之中的另一个。后面跟单数
名词
(7)any others 表示一些之外的其他一些。
Unit 10 It's a nice day,isn't it?
【单元目标】
Ⅰ.单词与短语
cost cross low sandy slow
somewhere review traffic note
holiday elevator
bookstore umbrella noon look through
浏览 get along 事情进展---
at least 至少
be careful 小心;当心
hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事
tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事
Ⅱ.目标句型:
1. It’s a nice day,isn’t it?
2. What a nice day,isn’t it?
3. It looks like rain,doesn’t?
4. I hope so / not. 5. So do I.
Ⅲ.语法
反意疑问句
反意疑问句是对陈述句所叙述的事实提
出看法,问对方同不同意。它的结构由两部分
组成:陈述句+简短问句。如果前一部分为肯
定形式,后一部分用否定形式;前一部分为否
定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式。一般来说,
简短问句主语人称的数、动词时态应和陈述部
分的主语人称的数、动词时态相一致。如:
Mary likes reading,doesn’t she? 玛
丽喜欢读书,是吧?
【重点词汇】
1. last 持续,为延续性动词,可与一段
时间及 How long 连用 如:
America Civil War lasted for four years.
美国内战持续了四年。
2. always 频度副词,意思是:永远,
一直,总是
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(1)always,usually,often,sometimes,
hardly ever和never是频度副词,与疑问词how
often 对应。它在句中位于实义动词之前,情
态动词(may,can,would,could 等)、助动词
(do,did,does,have,had 等)、连系动词(be)
之后。
He is always wearing that blue shirt.
他总是穿着那件蓝色的衬衣。
I always think of her in that dress.
我总是想起她穿着那件连衣裙的样子。
(2)always 与进行时连用,常带有感情色
彩。
The boy is always telling lies. 这孩子总是说
谎。(表示生气)
He is always talking to his father like
that 他老是那样和他父亲说话。(表示
不满)
3. alone
(1)alone 形容词,意为“单独的;独一无
二的”,只可作表语。
I am not alone in this opinion.不只我一个有这
想法。
(2)alone 也可作副词,意为“单独,独自”。
He alone knows the secret.只有他一人知道秘
密。
She lived alone. 她独居。
The key alone will open the door.
只有这把钥匙能开这个门。
He did it all alone. 这事是他一个人干的。
4.cross
(1)cross 作动词,意为“横渡,渡过;越过”。
They crossed the road. 他们过了马
路。
(2)cross 作动词时,还可表示“交叉,相交;
错过”。例如:
We crossed each other on the way.
我们在途中错过了。
(3)近义词:pass 穿过
5. along
(1)along 作副词(与动词连用),意为“往
前,向前”
Let us walk along. 让我们往前走。
(2)along 作副词时,还可表示“共同,一
起”。例如:
I took my brother along. 我带着弟
弟。
(3)along 还可作介词,意为“沿着”。例如:
We walked along the river. 我们沿着
河走。
6. feel like 表示“感觉是,似乎”
What’s this in my pocket? It feels like a
nut.
什么东西在我口袋里?摸上去像是个坚
果。
feel like 后可接 doing sth,表示“喜欢
(愿意)做某事”。
I feel like staying at home to the
weekends. 我喜欢周末待在家里。
7. enjoy 是带有欣赏性质的“喜欢,喜爱”,
且含“享受”之意。例如:
I think everyone enjoyed your wonderful
party 我想所有的人都非常欣赏你们
的精彩晚会。
enjoy doing 表示“喜欢,乐意做某事”,
指从某件事中享受到乐趣。例如:
I enjoy listening to music.我很喜欢听
音乐。
8. be good at 表示“擅长,在……方面做得
好”,at 后面跟名词、代词或动名词。
He is good at swimming. 他擅长
游泳。
What subjects are you good at?你擅长哪些科
目?
She is good at math. 她擅长数学。
He is good at singing. 他擅长唱歌。
近义词组:do well in,更强调一次性
做得好。
You did well in the Chinese exam.
你这次语文考试考得好。
9. clean 表示“打扫”,及物动词,还有形
容词词性。
(1)clean 作动词,意为“打扫,弄干净”。
The students are cleaning the classroom.
学生们在打扫教室。
(2)clean 还可作形容词,意为“干净的”,
其反义词为 dirty。
Please keep the classroom clean and
tidy. 请保持教室干净整齐。
【重难点分析】
1. He sure is!
他确实很好!
(1)此处 sure 是副词,意为“的确,一定”。
It sure was a cold day. 的确是个冷
天。
(2)口语中可以单独使用,表示“同意”。
——Are you going? 你去吗?
——Sure. 当然啦。
(3)sure 还常用作表语。其用法如下:
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be sure of 表示“对……有把握,肯
定……”。
I’m sure of his coming.我确信他能来。
be sure that… 表示“确定,确信……”。
I’m sure that he will come.我确信他能
来。
2. It looks like rain,doesn’t it? 看
起来要下雨了,不是吗?
(1)it 作代词,在本句中指“天气”,it 还可
指“时间,距离”。例如:
It’s a fine day today. 今天天气很好。
It’s seven o’clock. 现在 7 点了。
It’s two kilometers away from my home to
school. 从我家到学校有 2 千米远。
(2)本句中 look 作系动词,后可接形容词、
名词。
She looks very sad. 她看上去很伤心。
You look very happy today.今天你看上去很高
兴。
3. Do you think it’ll stop by noon?
你认为到中午雨会停吗?
(1)think 后引导的是一个宾语从句,用陈
述句语序。
Do you think she can carry the box?
你认为她能搬动这个箱子吗?
(2)by 表示时间,指“在……前,不迟于,
到……时(为止)”,相当于 before。
Can you finish your work by 6 pm?
下午 6 点前你们能完成工作吗?
By the time we got there,the bus had
already gone. 当我们到达那儿时,公共汽车
已经走了。
by 也可以表示方法、手段,意为“同,
靠,用,通过”。
by phone 用电话
by bus 乘公共汽车
by 还可以表示位置,意为“在……旁,
靠近”相当于 beside,near 等。
I sit by the window. 我坐在窗子旁。
4. I hope the bus comes soon. 我希望公共
汽车很快就来。
(1)soon 表示“不久,很快”,指的是时间
上的“快”。
I want to get your letter soon.
我想尽快收到你的来信。
The winter comes soon.冬天马上就要来了。
(2)hope 意为“希望”,表示的是“有把握、
有信心实现某一愿望”,它后面常接动词不定
式或从句作宾语。
I hope to hear from you soon.
我希望不久收到你的来信。
I hope it will be fine tomorrow.
我希望明天是好天气。
5. Thank you so much for inviting me.
非常感谢你邀请我。
(1)这是对别人提出邀请的礼貌答语。
thanks for 后接名词或动名词形式,用 for 引起
要表示致谢的原因,表示“因为……而感谢
你”。表示感谢最简单最常用的方式是说
Thank you 或 Thanks(这是更随便的说法)。
Thank you for telling me.谢谢你告诉
我。
Thank you for a delicious lunch.
谢谢你的美味午餐。
(2)invite 作及物动词,后常跟“人”,也常
与 to 连用,表示“邀请某人去……”。
She invited us to her party.
她邀请我们参加她的聚会。
如果你当面邀请人,不可用 invite,
需用 would you like 来表达。例如:
Would you like to come to the party?
你们愿意来参加聚会吗?
6. I’m going to ask my cousin,Tommy,to
go with me.我打算要我的表兄汤米和我一起
去。
(1)Tommy 在本句中作 my cousin 的同位
语,是对 my cousin 的补充说明。
My sister,Jane,is a student.我妹妹,简,是
一名学生。
(2)to go 在这里是 ask 的宾语补足语,即
ask sb to do sth,表示“要求某人做某事。”例
如:
My boss asked me to finish the work
before six o’clock.
老板要求我在下午 6 点前完成这项工
作。
He always asks me to help him with his
homework. 他经常让我帮助他做作业。
(3)本句中 with 是指“和某人在一起”,后
常跟名词或代词作宾语,其后若跟人称代词
时,要用宾格形式。
I am going to the park with my mother.
= My mother and I are going to the
park. 我打算和妈妈一起去公园。
I spend a good time with my students.
我和学生们共度美好时光。
7. He said he'd help me with my math
project. 他说他将帮助我做数学作业。
(1)这是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合
句,宾语从句为过去将来时。不管是什么人称
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后,这个时态均由“would+动词原形”构成,这
个时态常常用在宾语从句中,特别是用于宾语
从句中,其主语应是一般过去时。
I knew you would agree.我知道你会同意的。
I asked if he would come and mend my
television set. 我问他可否来修我的电视机。
(2)help sb. with sth.是固定搭配。
May I help you with your luggage?
我帮你拿行李好吗?
(3)句中 project 意为“作业”。
In their geography class,the children
are doing a special project on North American
Indians. 在地理课上,孩子们正在做一个有
关北美印第安人的特别作业。
8. Paul and I are good friends. We get
along well because we both like sports.
我和保罗是好朋友,我们相处得很好,
因为我们俩都喜欢运动。
(1)both 表示“(两者)都”,在句中常用在系
/助/情态动词之后,行为动词之前。
We are both tall. 我们俩都很高。
We both have short hair 我们俩都留短发。
They both go to this school.他们俩都在这所学
校读书。
(2)both 常与 and 连用,意为“不但……而
且……;既……又……”,用于连接两个并列
成分。若连接两个主语时,谓语动词须用复数
形式。 Both New York and London have
traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问
题。
The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish
这位秘书不但能说而且能写西班牙语。
Both teaching and research work are
making great strides.教学与科研都在大踏步前
进。
(3)get along也可写作get on,表示“相处”。
例如:
How do you get along with your classmates?
你和同学们相处得怎么样?
【词语辨析】
1. 时间介词 in,on,at
in
(1)表示在较长的时间里(如周/月份/季
节/年份/世纪等)。 如:
in a week;in May;in spring/summer/
autumn/winter;in 2008;in the 1990’s 等。
(2)表示在上午、下午或晚上。如:in the
morning/afternoon/evening。
(3)in the daytime(在白天) 属于固定搭
配,指从日出到日落这一段时间,反义词组是
in the night。
(4)“in + 一段时间”表示“多久以后/以
内”,常与将来时连用。 如:
in half an hour;in ten minutes;in a few days
等。
on 后面所接的时间多与日期有关。具体用
法有:
(1)表示在具体的某一天(如日期、生日、
节日或星期几)。 如:
on May 4th,1919;on Monday;on
Teachers’Day;on my birthday;on that day 等。
(2)表示某一天的上午、下午或晚上。 如:
on the morning of July 2;on Sunday
afternoon;on a cold winter evening 等。
at 具体用法有:
(1)表示在某一具体时刻,即几点几分。
如:
at six o’clock; at half past nine; at a
quarter to six; at this time 等。
(2)表示在某一短暂的时间。如:
at noon;at this moment;at the end of a
year;at the start of the concert 等。
(3)It lasts from June to August.
2. borrow,lend 和 keep 的区别:
这三个词在汉语中都可译为“借”,但其用
法不同,不能互换。对于动词的主语是“借进”
则用 borrow,其句型为“borrow…from…”如:
I borrowed a book from the school library
this afternoon.
今天我从图书馆借了一本书。
对于动词的主语是“借出”则用 lend,其句
型为“lend…to…” 如:
I can lend my bike to you,but you mustn't
lend it to others.
我可以把我的自行车借给你,但你一定不
要把它借给别人。
如果所借的东西要保留一段时间,用
keep。 如:
“How long can I keep the book?”“Two
weeks.” “这本书我可以借多久?”“两个星
期。”
3. hope 与 wish 均可表示“希望,想”,均
可用 to do 不定式作宾语,不可用 doing。其
不同之处在于:
(1)“wish+宾语+to do”还可表示“命令”;
hope 不能这样用。例如:
I wish you to go. 我要你去。
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(2)hope 后不能直接跟名词作宾语,但能
跟“for+名词”,表示可能实现的“希望”;wish
虽也能跟“for+名词”,但表示难以实现的“愿
望”。例如:
I hope for success. 我希望成功。(可能性很大)
I wish for a car.我很想得到小汽车。(难以实现
的愿望)
(3)hope 和 wish 都可跟 that 从句,但
“hope+that 从句”表示“希望”;“wish+that 从句”
表示“愿望”,但从句用过去时表示虚拟语气,
即不太可能实现的愿望或与事实相反。例如:
I hope you will be better soon.
我希望你尽快好起来。
I wish I were ten years younger.
但愿我能年轻 10 岁。
(4)wish 可跟双宾语,表示祝福。例如:
We wish you a happy life. 祝你
生活幸福。
4. enjoy,like 与 love 都可表达“喜爱”的
意思,但含义和用法有所不同。
(1)enjoy 在意思上侧重于“享受某种乐
趣”,后接名词或动名词作宾语,不能接不定
式。enjoy 还可以与反身代词连用,即 enjoy
oneself,表示“玩得很高兴”(=have a good
time)。例如:
The man is enjoying his dinner.
那个男人正津津有味地吃饭。
My father enjoys listening to the radio.
我父亲爱听广播。
Did the children enjoy themselves in
the park? 孩子们在公园里玩得愉快
吗?
(2)like 意为“喜欢,喜爱”,是一般用语,
主要是指对某人或某物产生好感或发生兴趣,
不带有感情色彩,后面可接名词、代词、动名
词、动词不定式作宾语。例如:
Everyone in China likes Mid-Autumn Festival.
在中国,每个人都喜欢中秋节。
He likes his students to work hard.
他喜欢他的学生努力学习。
(3)love 表示“爱,热爱,爱戴”,有强烈
的感情,相当于 like…very much,侧重于对祖
国及较亲近的人的深厚感情。在口语中它往往
又指一般的喜爱,这时与 like 的意思很相近,
可以互换。后面也可接名词、动名词或动词不
定式。例如:
We love our motherland. 我们热爱我们的祖
国。
They love playing / to play basketball.他们爱打
篮球。
(4)like 和 love 都可与 would,should 连用,
表示“愿意做某事”。例如:
I’d like / love to go with you.我愿意和你们一
起去。
元。
6. across,through 与 cross
都有“穿过,通过”之意。across 和
through 是介词,cross 是动词。
(1)cross 相当于“动词+across”,常用于指
“横穿”。
Be careful when you cross the road.
= Be careful when you go across the
road. 当你横穿马路时一定要小心。
(2)across 指从物体的一侧到另一侧或从
某个范围的一边到另一边。它和 on 有关,表
示从“面上”穿过。
Can you swim across the river?
你能游过这条河吗?
(3)though 指“从……中通过”,着重指从
空间的一头纵穿到另一头,含义与 in 有关。
It took him one hour to walk through the
forest.他花费了一个小时的时间穿过那片森
林