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第一讲 音素、音标、音节
陈 Lala 批注：学好英语的最重要的基础就是语音掌握的是否熟练，尤其是对于背记单词有困难的同学而
言，利用音节记忆单词将是未来记单词最快速最有效的一个方法。甚至，当你小升初结束，进入到七年级的
第一课，就是从这一节内容开始学习。所以，现在就努力让自己掌握的更加熟练，是当务之急！
音素：语音中的最小单位。
音标：就是记录音素的符号。它的制定原则是：一个音素只用一个音标表示，而一个音标并不
只表示一个音素（例如双元音）。
辅音和元音在语言中的作用，就相当于汉语中的声母和韵母。
每一个元辅音的结合就是一个音节。
英语国际音标（48 个）
元音（20 个）
辅音（28 个）
轻辅音 /p/ / t/ / k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/
浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/
轻辅音 /ʃ/ / h/ /ts/ /tʃ/ /tr/
浊辅音 /ʒ/ / r/ /dz/ /dʒ/ /dr/
鼻音 /m/ /n/ /ŋ/
半元音 / j/ / w/
边音 / ǀ/
基础练习：
1. 英语中共有______个元音，______个辅音。
2. 元音分为单元音，共_____个；双元音，共_____个。
音标练习题：
一．Same or different.划线部分读音相近的填 S，不同填 D。
( )1.ground turn ( )2.good too ( )9.volleyball key
( )3.clean leader ( )4.sign nice ( )10.play paper
( )5.park card ( )6.make have
( )7.candy stamp ( )8.meat bread
长元音 /ɑ:/ /ɔ:/ / ɜ:/ /i:/ /U:/
短元音 / ʌ/ /ɒ/ /ə/ /ɪ/ /ʊ/ /e/ /æ/ /eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/
双元音 /ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/ /əʊ/ /aʊ/
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二．Find the different word in pronunciation.找出划线部分读音不同的单词。
( )1. A. ask B. basket C. table D. grass
( )2. A. name B. grade C. that D. late
( )3. A. like B. kite C. my D. city
( )4. A. second B. mess C. cinema D. February
( )5. A. season B. beach C. read D. great
( )6. A. month B. sixth C. with D. birthday
( )7. A. he B. egg C. dress D. bed
( )8. A. duck B. much C. music D. lunch
( )9. A. go B. hot C. not D. coffee
( )10. A. room B. school C. look D. goose
( )11. A. flower B. how C. brown D. yellow
( )12. A. house B. young C. out D. ground
( )13. A. any B. animal C. many D. friend
( )14. A. water B .want C. what D. watch
( )15. A. walked B. jumped C. kicked D. wanted
( )16. A. rain B. train C. said D. paint
( )17. A. forty B. worker C. born D. horse
( )18. A. today B. play C. stay D. Sunday
( )19. A. goat B. old C. don’t D. hot
( )20. A. try B. my C. why D. happy
( )21. A cool B.afternoon C. school D. book
( )22. A good B. book C. food D. foot
( )23. A their B. father C. maths D. with
( )24. A other B. these C.mouth D.clothes
( )25. A keep B see C coffee D meet
( )26. A meat B bread C breakfast D dead
( )27. A, blow B show C how D know
( )28. A cake B come C circle D biscuit
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( )29. A class B fast C ask D hat
( )30. A only B some C mother D love
( )31. A word B horse C short D sport
( )32. A year B july C june D january
( )33. A mouse B young C around D found
( )34. A actively B game C late D take
( )35. A go B box C home D photo
( )36. A mess B never C he D seldom
( )37. A will B trip C visit D bike
( )38. A hot B wrote C whole D photo
( )39. A where B who C whale D when
( )40. A where B there C here D air
( )41. A born B forty C sorry D story
( )42. A walked B wanted C jumped D liked
( )43. A played B talked C learned D lived
( )44. A liked B planted C counted D wanted
( )45. A used B enjoyed C learned D watched
( )46. A warm B hard C card D car
( )47. A from B come C love D worry
( )48. A speak B teacher C great D meat
( )49. A happy B has C many D palace
( )50. A buses B classes C houses D glasses
( )51. A. tea B. meat C. weather D. beach
( )52. A. back B. fast C. have D. map
( )53. A. warm B. garden C. market D. party
( )54. A. school B. tooth C. choose D. good
( )55. A. book B. boot C. look D. cook
( )56. A. June B. ruler C. put D. menu
( )57. A. push B. fun C. sun D. ugly
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( )58. A. tiger B. her C. officer D. over
( )59. A. go B. no C. cold D. hot
( )60. A. like B. lion C. pizza D. Friday
二．根据音标写单词：
[blu:] [da:ns] [mu:n]
[fa:] [laik] [geit]
[tju:b] [flai] [lend]
[priti] [lesn ] [hæpi ]
[fæmili] [plei] [fɔks]
[tə′geðə] [meni] [taigə]
三．音标综合练习
1./i:/ /i/ /e/ /æ/
/bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/ /riəl/ /kid/ /dig/ /kwik/ /tip/ /zip/ /rid/ /wil/ /fil/
bit week deal real kid dig quick tip zip rid will fill
/pet/ /pæk/ /gæp/ /kæg/ /næg/ /ræm/ /bætl/ /sed/ /′hæpi/ /ten/ /red/ /′setl/ /træʃ/ /di′pend/
pet pack gap cap nag ram battle said happy ten red settle trash depend
2./a:/ / ɔ:/ / ɔ / /u:/ /u/
/a:sk/ /ma:sk/ /pa:st/ /fra:ns/ /ɔd/ /lɔ:n/ /nɔ:t/ /pɔ:z/ /fɔks/ /sɔk/
ask mask past France odd lawn naught pause fox sock
/fa:/ /la:dʒ / /ma:k/ /lɔ:d/ /tɔ:/ /stɔ:m/ /pɔt/ /krɔp/ /θɔt/ /prɔmis/
far large mark Lord torch storm pot crop thought promise
/huk/ /lu:s/ /sut/ /tuk/ /mud/ /θru:/ /pul/ /wud/
hook loose soot took mood through pull wood
3./ʌ/ /ə/ /ə/
/bʌz/ /dʌl/ /′hʌri/ /gʌlf/ /′trʌbl/ /ə:n/ /sə:f/ /′begə/ /tʌk/
buss dull hurry gulf trouble earn surf beggar tuck
/kə:b/ /ə:k/ /ə′merik / /′sɔkə/ /sə′vei/ /pə′hæps/
curb irk America soccer survey perhaps
3./ei/ /əu/ /ai/ /au/ /ɔi/
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/keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /prəpəuz/ /′məuʃən/ /stəun/ /′əuvə/ /sait/
kape great main propose motion stone over sight
/raim/ /daut/ /′taipist/ /aust/ /mɔist/ /′ɔistə/
rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster
4./iə/ /ɛə/ /uə/
/viə/ /ə′fɛə/ /dɛə/ /skɛə/ /buən/ /guəd/ /′ruərəl/ /ə′piə/ /kəlʌmbiə/ /mətiəriəl/ /mistiəriəs/
veer affair dare scare bourn gourd rural appear Colombia material mysterious
5./θ/ /ð/
/mʌnθ/ /θi:f/ /ðæt/ /ðæn/ /feiθ/ /tə′geðə/ /θæŋk/ /ðəm′selvz/
month thief that than faith together thank themselves
四、从下列四个选项中选出所给单词的正确读音。
( ) 1.set A、[set] B、[sit] C、[sət] D、[sæt]
( ) 2.court A、[kut ] B、[kəut ] C、[kɔ:t] D、[sit]
( ) 3.better A、[΄betз: ] B、[΄bætə ] C、[be΄ta:] D、[΄betə ]
( ) 4.duck A、[dΛk] B、[dæk] C、[duk] D、[du:k]
( ) 5.tank A、[sæŋk] B、[tiŋk] C、[teŋk] D、[tæŋk ]
( ) 6.mouse A、[maus] B、[məus] C、[mus ] D、[mΛs]
( ) 7.cry A、[srai] B、[krai] C、[kri ] D、[ krei]
( ) 8.where A、[wiə ] B、[wi:] C、[ heə] D、[weə ]
( ) 9.deep A、[di:p] B、[dip] C、[dep] D、[dəp]
( ) 10.echo A、[ə΄kəu ] B、[΄ekə] C、[΄ekəu ] D、[æ΄kəu]
五、 根据音标，选择正确的单词。
Apple feet bear keep head white desk elephant lamp mouse
/ beə / / wait /
/ ΄æpl / / ki:p /
/ hed / / ΄elifənt /
/ maus / / fi:t /
/ desk / / læmp /
余下练习参照《46 天》P8—P16
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第二讲 词汇、短语
陈 Lala 批注：现阶段的小升初，重点初中的择校考试中，已经考查到了八年级的词汇量，所以，大量
积累更多的词汇和短语是突破阅读理解、完形填空以及翻译句子最直接有效的方法。同时，择校考试之所以
英语知识要考到初中二年级的知识，更多的是为了中考做一个铺垫和积累。
关于三、四、五年级的必备词汇在《46 天》已经列出了一部分，下面本讲义列举的词汇和短语将是六
年级及七、八年级的基础词汇、短语。这些通过近三年的小升初真题搜列出来的高频考词，堪称精华中的精
华，只要你下功夫，日积月累，英语成绩的提高，指日可待。
补充词汇短语：
1. put down 放下 shut down 把…关上 cut down 砍掉 come down 下来、落下
slow down 减缓、放慢 sit down 坐下 write down 写下 get down 下来,降落
2. after all 毕竟.终究 after that 于是.然后 day after day 日复一日地 one after another 相继.挨次
soon after 不久以后 the day after tomorrow 后天
3. come up with 找到、提出 catch up with 赶上 wake up 弄醒、醒来 send up 发射
open up 开设、开办 grow up 长大 pick up 拾起、捡起 hands up 举手 eat up 吃光
clean up 打扫干净 give up doing sth.=stop doing sth.放弃做某事
4. arrive at/in + n. 到达 = get to +n.到达 = reach + n.到达
arrive / get +adv.到达
5. get…back 退还, 送回去.取回 give back 归还 come back 回来
at the back of 在…的后面 on the way (back)home 在回家路上
6. at least 至少 at breakfast 早餐时 at desk 在桌前 at once 立刻,马上 at school 在上学
at the same time 同时=meanwhile at work 在工作 at the doctor’s 在医务室
at first 起初 at night 在晚上 at noon 中午 at the age of // when sb. was…years old 在…岁时
laugh at sb 嘲笑 sb at last / in the end / finally 最后、终于 at the end of 在…终点、结尾
at the beginning of (the twenty-first century) 在(21 世纪)初 at the moment= now 现在
at the foot of 在…脚下 at Christmas 在圣诞节 at any moment 任何时候
at times(sometimes)有时, 偶尔
not…at all= not any more = not any longer 一点也不
be bad at 不擅长做 sth be good at=do well in 擅长做 sth
7. for example 例如 for ever 永远 be good for 对…有益 be bad for 对…有害
for long=for a long time 长期 for short 简称 be short for 是…的简称 TV is short for
“television”
8. come true 实现 come down 下来 come from=be from 来自, 出生于
come in/into 进入,进来 come on 赶快 come over 过来 come along 走吧,过来,快点
come and go 来来去去 come up 上来 come out 出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来
9.even though=even if 即使、虽然、尽管
10. be pleased with 对…感到满意 be covered with 被…覆盖
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be expected to do sth.被期望做某事 be proud of 以…自豪
speak highly of 称赞 be afraid of 害怕 hear of 听说 (hear from sb.收到某人的来信)
of course=certainly 当然可以 plenty of= a lot of 许多
11.by the way 顺便说 by oneself 单独,独自 by the end of 到…为至
by the time (引起时间状语从句) 到…的时候 one by one 依次
by air / plane 乘飞机 by bus / train / car 乘公共汽车/ 火车/轿车
(catch a bus 赶公交车 get on / off the bus 上/下车 take a bus to…=go to …by bus 乘车去)
12.do / try one’s best 尽力 do one’s homework 做家庭作业 do (the/some) shopping 购物
do the cooking 烹饪 do some cleaning 打扫 do the / some washing 洗衣服 do sport 做运动
do with sb / sth.= deal with 处理 well done 干得好= good job
13.early in the morning 一大早 in the early spring 初春 in my early days 我幼年时期
early bus 早班车
14. make a contribution to 贡献给、捐献
make a telephone call to sb. /ring sb. up /give sb. a call /phone sb. 给某人打电话
connect…to…把…与…连接起来
be close to 靠近(某地)
give birth to 生(孩子)
lose to sb 输给 sb .
15.either…or…或者…或者.. on either side of the stree t 街道任何一边
(on each side of the street 街道每一边 on both sides of the street 街道两边)
16.keep doing sth.不停地做某事 (表示状态继续)
keep on doing sth. 坚持做某事(表示动作反复进行)
practice doing sth. 练习做某事 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 finish doing sth.做完某事
go on doing sth.继续做某事(同一件事)
17.go on to do sth.接着做某事(另一 事) go straight along 沿着…一直往前走 go down 下降,
go for a walk 散, go over 复习 go shopping 买东西, go to the cinema 去看电影
go well 进展顺利 go off to 动身前往, go out 外出, go to work 去上班, go up 上升,
want a go 想试一试
18. think about 考虑 (think of 认为、想起、考虑、想到 think over 仔细考虑 think out 想出)
talk about 谈论, worry about 担心, How / What about…?…怎么样?
19.borrow…from …从…借…. (lend…to…把…借给…)
from door to door 挨家挨, from time to time 时时 from now on 从今以后
from then on 从那以后 be different from 与…不同 learn…from…向…学习
20.get dressed 穿衣 get into 进入 get / be lost 丢失 get off / on 下/上车
get on well with sb. 与某人相处得好
get out of 从…出来 get ready for +n.为…做准备 get ready to do sth.准备做某事
get / go to sleep (fall asleep) 入睡 (be asleep 睡着) get warm 变暧 get well 康复
get a chance 有机会、得到机会
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21. look for 寻找 wait for 等候 look after=take care of 照看 look like 看起来像
look over 检查,复习 look out 小心,从里向外看 look the same 看起来一样
look up 向上看,查单词, look around 环视 look forward to 期望 look through 温习,检查
22. set off 出发、动身 put off 推迟 keep off 避开、不靠近… drop off 放下(某物)
turn off 关 jump off 跳离, take off 脱(衣) (飞机)起飞
23. half a kilo 半千克 half an hour 半小时 in half 分成两半 half of the day 半天
24. do eye exercises 做眼保健操 do morning exercises 做早操
take (more) exercise (多)参加体育锻炼 an exercise book 练习本
25. take part in 参加 hand in 上交 in hospital 住院 in surprise 吃惊地 in the sun 在阳光下
in trouble 处于困境 in a minute / moment 马上
26. leave for… 动身去某地
27 feed on 以…为主食 live on 继续活着 base on 以…为根据 carry on 坚持、继续下去
and so on 等等 on the other hand 另一方面 on foot 步行
28. be famous for 以..著名 be excited about +n./V-ing 对…感到兴奋 be interested in 对…感兴趣
be born 出生 be busy with sth.— be busy doing sth. 忙于 …be amazed at 对..感到惊讶
29. move away 移开 move to (搬)移到
30. search the Internet 上网
31. make sure 确信 make a dialogue 编对话 make a mistake 犯错误 by mistake 由于疏忽
make a noise 吵闹 make faces 做鬼脸 make friends (with) 和..交朋友
make room for 给..让地方 make tea 沏茶 make money 赚钱 make a decision 作出决定
32.used to do sth 过去常常做某事 be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
33. leave sth+介词短语 “把……忘记在某处”
34.forget to do sth. 忘记做某事
35.hear sb. to do (doing)sth. 听见某人做某事
36.help sb. (to) do sth .//help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
with pleasure 乐意
37.the summer holiday(s) 暑假 the winter holiday(s)寒假
38.step into 走进 pour into 倒入…
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39. for the first time 第一次 at first 起初 at first language 母语 first of all 首先
40. leave a message for sb. 给某人留条 give / take sb. a message 给某人捎口信
41. take photos / pictures 照像 take away 拿走 take out 取出 work out 算出 take care 当心 take
place 发生
take medicine 服药 take one’s temperature 量体温 take one’s time 别着急 take a walk 散步
42. learn by oneself / teach oneself 自学 learn by heart 背熟
43. a year and a half (one and a half years ) 一年半
44. have a try 尝试,努力 try out 尝试、试验 find out / about 找出,查明
have a good / wonderful / great / time 玩得开心 have a (bad) cold (重)感冒
have a meeting / walk / watch 开会/散步/比赛 have sports 进行体育活动
have nothing / sth. to do with 与..无(有)关 have no idea 不知道 have (one’s) medicine 服药
45. offer sb sth. 某人提供某物
46.win first prize 获一等奖
47.all over the world= around the world =throughout the world 全世界
48. all kinds of 各种各样的
49. neither… nor 既不…也不….
50. not only … but also …不但…而且 , both… and ……和…都
51. the more , the better 越多越好
52. all one’s life 一生
53. as soon as 一…就… as soon as possible 尽可能早地、尽快 as well = too 也
as much as 至多 as little as 至少 regard …as 把…当作… as if 好像
54. no matter 无论…
55 ever since 从那以后,此后一直
56.so far 到目前为止 or so 大约
57. another two hours (=two more hours ) 又(再) 2 个小时
58. three times a week 一周三次
59. the number of …的数量 a (large / good) number of / large numbers of / many 许多
60.less than 少于 less and less 越来越少
61.…is another way of saying …什么是..的另一说法
Quick is another way of saying fast. Bike is short for bicycle.
62. not…until…直到…才…
63.be like 像 feel like +n./V-ing 想要 like sth best 最喜欢 would like to 想要
64.the 24 hour clock 24 小时制
65.wash away 冲走 run away 逃跑 take away 带走
66.before long 不久 long before / ago 很久以前
67.more or less = about 或多或少 ，大约 more than = over 多于,超过
68.every year 每年 every four years 每隔四年 every other day 每隔一天
everyday English / life 日常英语/生活
69. next to 紧挨着 next door 隔壁,邻居 next year 明年 next time 下次
70.receive / get / have a letter from sb. = hear from sb 收到某人的来信
71.on show = on display 展览
72.be filled with / be full of 充满…
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73. thank to =because of 由于
74.some day =one day (将来)某一天 all day 终日 day and night 日日夜夜
in a day or two 一两天内 in the old days 从前,旧社会 from day to day (day after day)日复一日
the day before yesterday 前天 the day after tomorrow 后天 Tree Planting Day 植树节
Women’s Day 妇女节
75. keep / stop / prevent… (from) doing sth. 防止(阻止)…做某事
stop to do sth.停下来去做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事
76.nice and +adj. = very +adj.很,非常
77. a place (places) of interest 名胜
78.three quarters of the information on the Internet 因特网上四分之三的信息
two thirds of the books 三分之二的书
79. credit card 信用卡
80. the increasing population 增长着的人口
81 a path of travel 旅行路线
82. point at / to 指向
83. by sea = by ship 乘船 by the sea = on the sea 在海边 at sea 在海上
84. set one’s mind to do sth. 一心想做某事
decide to do sth = make a decision to do sth=make up one’s mind to do sth 下定决心做某事
85 .multiply…by… 乘以…
86. See you! 再见 You see. 你知道你明白, 你瞧 Let me see.让我想想
see sb. off 给某人送行 see a / the doctor 看病 see sb . do / doing sth. 看见某人做某事
87 some…others 一些(人,物)…其他(人,物) one…another 一个..另一个(三者或以上 )
one…the other 一个…另一个(总数二个)
88. be worn out 穿旧，磨坏 check out 核实，检查 write out 写出
take sth. out of 从…拿出/取出某物
89. in this way 用这种方法 in a few year’s time 几年以后 in space 在太空
in and out of class 在课内课外 in the last fifteen minutes 在最后十五分钟里
in the second half 在下半场 later in one’s life 在某人后半身 in the air 在空中
in the open air 在户外
90.give sb. an injection 给某人打针 get an injection 打针
91.have been to 去过某地 have gone to 到某地去了
92.here + be+ 名词+ for+某人 ( Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信.)
93.be far behind +某人 (He is far behind others. 他落后于别人)
94. one of + adj.最高级+复数名词
95. take +某物+with +某人 (You’d better take an umbrella with you.你最好带上雨伞)
96. prefer to= like…better than 宁愿,更喜欢
prefer + V-ing (to do sth.) ( I prefer doing (to do) it myself .我喜欢自己做那件事).
Would / should 等情态动词 + prefer +不定式.
(I would prefer to do it myself.我宁愿自己做那件事) ,
prefer +名词(v-ing) + to+名词 (v-ing)
(I prefer learning English to playing football.我愿意学英语而不愿踢足球) ;
prefer +不定式(名词)+ rather than + 不带 to 的不定式,
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(I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.我喜欢走着去那里,而不愿乘车) ,
prefer + 名词(代词) to do sth. (We prefer her not to come.我们宁愿她不来)
97. 人+ spend +time (money) +(in) doing sth.
(I spent over two hours (in) finishing my homework. 我花了两个多小时完成家庭作业.) ,
人 + spend + time (money) + on +名词,
(He spent 1,000 on the TV set .他花了一千元买电视机).
人 + pay + money +for +sth.
( He paid ten yuan for the book .他花了 10 元钱买那本书.)
It + takes (will take, / took…) + sb. + time (money) + to do sth.
(It’ll take you only ten minutes to get there by bus.乘车去那里只花你 10 分钟).
物+ cost + (sb.) + money, (The dictionary cost me 20 yuan .我花 20 元钱买了那本词典)
98. do with + sb. / sth. (What have you done with the pork ? 那些肉你怎么处理了?)
99. mind + if 从句, (Do you mind if I open the window?我开窗你不反对吧?)
mind + V-ing, (Would you mind turning on the TV?打开电视你不反对吧?)
100. what…for? / why…? (What do you learn English for? = Why do you learn English?)
101. need + 名词 (v-ing), 表被动语态= need to be done
(The students need some help.学生们需要帮助.This pair of shoes needs mending.这双鞋需要修理)
102. “be used for+ 名词(v-ing),”被用来做.. (A writing brush is used for writing.)
“be used as+名词”, 被作为…使用
(English is used as the first language in none of these countries. )
“be used by+动作执行者”, 被…使用,
103.be made of 由…制造 (This table is made of wood .这张课桌是木制的)
be made from 由…制成 (This kind of paper is made from wood . 这种纸是用木材制成的)
be made in+地点, “某地制造”(These cars are made in Germany)
be made by+人, “由谁制造的” (This kite is made by Kate . )
104. more developed countries 发达国家 less developed countries 不发达国家
developing countries 发展中国家
105.be worth + money (V-ing), 值…钱.值得做…
This car is worth more than two million yuan in China.
This book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读.
106. the Summer Palace 颐和园 Tian’anmen Square 天安门广场 the Palace Museum 故宫
the Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂 the Temple of Heaven 天坛
the Great Green Wall 绿色长城 PLA 中国人民解放军 PRC 中华人民共和国
the Party 中国共产党 the League 共青团 Peking Opera 京剧
107 a digital camera 数字照相机 a doctor for animals = an animal doctor 动物医生
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108. so + 形/副+that 从句
(The place is so cold that nothing can grow in winter.这地方太冷，冬天什么都不长)
so + many / few+ 复数名词 +that 从句
(He has so many books that I don’t know which one to borrow. 他有那么多书,我不知道借哪一本)
so + much / little+ 不可数名词+that 从句
(She has so little money that she can’t buy anything .她钱太少,什么也买不到.)
so+ 形容词 +a / an +单数名词 +that 从句 (This is so good a book that all of us like reading it ) ,
such +a / an+ 形容词+单数名词+ that 从句 (This is such an interesting story that all of us like it) ,
such +形容词+复数名词+that 从句.
such +形容词+不可数名词+that 从句
(It is such fine weather today that many children are playing outside)
109 .tell sb about sth. 告诉某人关于某事 tell sb+从句 tell sb. to do sth.让某人做某事
tell a lie 说谎 tell a story 讲故事 thank you for +n ./V-ing 谢谢你 …
too +adj. / adv. + to + v.太…而不能
too much (修饰名词)太多,过分 much too(修饰 adj./adv.)太
110. hope / wish+不定式(或从句),wish sb. to do sth.
What do you mean by…?= What does… mean?…是什么意思？
必背动词短语及部分句型：
1. allow sb to do sth 允许某人去做某事（后接动词不定式）
My father allowed me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework.
2. asked sb (not) to do sth 叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）
My father asked me to study hard.
He asked me not to swim alone.
be asked to do sth 被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事
I was asked to have a dinner with them yesterday.
3. be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事
She is afraid to ask me questions.
4. be afaid of doing sth 害怕做某事
I am afraid of going out at night.
5. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人去做某事
6. be busy doing/with sth 忙于做某事（常考
7. be excited to do sth 对做……感到兴奋 Jacky was excited to travel there by plane.
be excited at sth 对……感到兴奋 Lily was excited at his words.
be excited about doing sth. He was excited about passing the exam without going overing books.
8. be interested in sth/doing sth 对某事感兴趣/对做某事感兴趣
She is interested in swimming in the river.
My btother is interested in Chinese.
9. enjoy doing sth 乐意去做某事
10. be frightened to do sth 害怕去做某事
Sam is frightened to ride a horse.
11. be glad/happy to do sth 高兴去做某事
She is happy to clean the blackboard with me.
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be pleased to do sth 高兴做某事
She was pleased to help the old man yesterday.
be pleased with sth 对某事感到高兴/满意
The teacher was pleased with my answer
12. be sorry to do sth 对做某事感到抱歉
13. be/get ready for/to do sth
Be ready for sth 为某事做好了准备
We are ready for the exam.
Be ready to do sth 为做某事做好了准备
We are ready to have a birthday party for her.
get ready for sth 为某事在做准备
We are getting ready for the exam.
get ready for sth 为做某事而做准备
14. be surprised to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇
be surprised at sth 对某事感到惊奇
15. be worth doing sth 值得做某事（worth 后接动词-ing 形式，常考）
16. begin to do sth 开始去做某事
begin/start to do/doing sth
17. can/be able to afford (to buy) sth 有能力购买（供）……
18. can/may/must do sth could/would/should/might do sth
19. can’t wait to do sth 迫不急待地去做某事
20. can’t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事
余下参考《46 天》P17—P37
词汇短语练习：
一、将下列汉语翻译成英语。
1. 起立 2.黄色 3.白色
4.窗户 5.指向 6.英语老师
7.桌子下面 8.多大 9.舞蹈演员
10.感觉无聊 11.足够的 12.危险的
13.谁的 14.伦敦眼 15.明信片
16.头疼 17.在树上 18.快点
19.多少钱 20.山脉 21.冰激凌
22.跌落 23.流行音乐 24.有一天
25.做家务 26.长城 27.颐和园
28.首都 29.淘气的 30.跳高
31.饼干 32.当然 33.二月
34.乘坐飞机 35.快餐 36.下棋
37.上车 38.有趣的 39.电脑游戏
40.吃早饭 41.春天 42.新年
43.圣诞节 44.直着走 45.向右转
46.和…. 交谈 47.打扰了 48.拥有
49.中学 50.棒球 51.小时
52.字母 53.模范 54.大笑
55.每个人 56.借书卡 57.汉堡
58.美元 59.春节 60.总是
61.筷子 62.飘走 63.特别的
64.非常好的 65.笔友 66.八百万
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67.月饼 68.到处 69.历史
70.购物单 71.在机场 72.牙刷
73.假日 74.传统的 75.美味的
76.一封电子邮件 77.节目 78.不同的
79.擅长 80.早操 81.运动日
四、写出下列词的完全形式。
Can’t _________ I’d_________ aren’t________
they’re ___ _ Let’s_________ wasn’t_____ __
that’s________ don’t ___ __ When’s___ ____
didn’t________ you’re_______ doesn’t _ __
He’s________ she’s________ I’m______ _
isn’t _________ I’ve________ shouldn’t_______
I’ll_________ who’s ______ it’s ____ ___
五、写出下列各词的反义词
yes_________ black________ here_______
new ________ different_______ small_______
go____ __ early ________ right__________
down________ ask______ clean_ _____
fat_ _____ noisy________ happy_________
long__________ hot__________ big______ _ _
bad________ up ___________ heavy_________
fast________ short____ ___ stand ________ _
tall_________ young_____ ___ easy __ ____
六、写出下列各词的同音词。
too________ by_______ for________
there ________ see______ right__ _____
who’s________ I ________ aren’t_______
here_________ father________ son__________
pear_______ no__________ be___________
hi__________ dear____ __ _ our ___ ____
where ___ __ __ won ___ __ __ meet ___ ____
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第三讲 词性—名词
名词分类及数的变化规则（参考 46 天 P38-P39）
区分可数名词和不可数名词的方法：
特殊规则：
名词所有格
基础练习
1）选择填空
1. They come from different ______
A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys
2. How many ______ do you see in the picture?
A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato
3. They are______.
A . woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher
4. Would you like _______ ,please?
A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water C. two glass of waters D. two
glasses of waters
5. Most of ______ live in _______.
A. Germans, German B. German, Germen C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany
6. There are some ______ in these _______.
A.knifes…pencil-boxes B.knives…pencils-box C.knives…pencil-boxes
D.knives…pencils-boxes
7. ______ like ______ by air.
A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens,
travelling
8. I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).
A. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples
9. There is no ______ in the plate. A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs
2）.填入所给名词的正确形式
1. I have two_____ (knife)
2. There are many _____ here. (box)
3. There are many _____ on the road. (bus)
4. A few _____ are drawing on the wall. (boy)
5. The _____ are playing football now. (child)
3) 写出下列名词的复数形
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1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey
5、piano 6、child 7、shelf 8、bed
9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot
13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army
17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife box ______
cap ___ tomato _____ bus _____ story _____boy ______baby ____
that _____ watch _ ___ class ____ foot ______house _____ pen __
car _____ horse ___ dish _____city _______deer ____ child ___
fish ____ postman ____ water ____ juice_________ dictionary
I _____ snowman _____ this _____ people ___ cake ______ day _____
book ____ dress _____ tooth _____ sheep ____ Chinese __
leaf ______ German match __ sandwich ____man_____ paper___
4)、选择填空
1. There on the wall .They are very beautiful.
A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos
2. This kind of car made in Shanghai.
A. is B .are C .were D .has
3. There are four and two in the group.
A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans
4. That’s art book.
A. an B. a C. the D are
5. The boys have got already.
A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread
6. The old man wants .
A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples
7. There some in the river.
A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish
8. There two in the box.
A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches
9. We should clean twice a day.
A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth
10.The _____ meeting room is near the reading room.
A. teacher B. teacher’s C. teachers’ D. teachers
11. In Britain _____ are all painted red.
A. letter boxes B. letters boxes C. letter box D. letters box
5)、单项选择
( )1．The girls’________ are Lily and Lucy．
A．name B．names C．names’
( )2．Is that in English?
A．a car B．car C. cars
( )3．How many ________ can you see?
A．a colour B．colour C．colours
( )4．I have three ________.
A. a sister B. sisters C. sister
( )5．One，two，three •••five. Five _________.
A. monkey B. monkeies C. monkeys
( )6. Are you a ________?
第 17 页 共 22 页
A. doctor B. air-hostess C. pen
( )7．This is a _________.
A．box B. bread C．paper
( )8．She is a good _________.
A．postman B．Germany C．policeman
( )9．They are _________．
A．woman teacher B．womans teachers C．women teachers
( )10.My uncle has three _______.
A.child B.childs C.children D.childrens
( )11. The __ in our yard are very beautiful.
A. cloth B. water C. flowers
( )12. Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our school.
A. boy B. boys C. boies
( )13. A cat has four ____ , doesn't it?
A. foots B. feet C. feets
( )14. There are three ____ and five _____ in the room.
A. American, Japanese B Americans, Japanese C. American, Japanese
( )15. Can you see nine ____ in the picture?
A. fish B. book C. horse
( )16. The _____ has two______.
A. boy; watch B. boy; watches C. boys; watch
( )17. The _____ are flying back to their country.
A. Germany B. Germanys C. Germans
( )18. The girl brushes her _____ every day before he goes to bed.
A. tooths B. teeth C. teeths
( )19.I saw many _____ in the street.
A. peoples B.people C.people’s
( )20.The green sweater is his _________.
A.brother B.brothers C.brother’s
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第四讲 冠词、代词
冠词
代词
一、人称代词
人称 单数 复数
主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称
he him
they themshe her
it it
人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。
I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student, too. We/You/They are students.
人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。
Give it to me. Let’s go (let’s =let us)
二、物主代词
数
人称
类别
单数 复数
第一
人称
第二
人称
第三
人称
第一
人称
第二
人称
第三
人称
形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their
名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词（用于修饰名词）
名词性物主代词(mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs 则相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。如：
Is this your book? No,，it isn’t， it’s hers(her book) (Jim’s ， Tom’s， Maria’s )
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三、课堂练习
（1）按要求写出下列代词的形式
1、I（宾格）________
2、he（形容词性物主代词）________
3、 us（主格）________
4、they（宾格）________
5、she（宾格）________
6、you（名词性物主代词）________
7、it（宾格）________
8、him（复数）________
9、her（形容词性物主代词）________
10、my（复数）________
11、they（名词性物主代词）________
12、we（单数）________
（2）选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。
1. This is（my / I）mother.
2. Nice to meet（your / you）.
3.（He / His）name is Mark.
4. What’s（she / her）name?
5. Excuse（me / my / I）.
6. Are（your / you）Miss Li?
7.（I/ My）am Ben.
8.（She / Her）is my sister.
9. Fine , thank（your / you）.
10. How old is （he / his）?
（3）用所给代词的正确形式填空。
1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers.
2. That is _______( she ) sister.
3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister.
4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary.
5. Now _____________(her parent) are in
America.
6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I )
father’s students.
7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name?
8. Mike and Tom __________ ( be ) friends.
9. Thanks for helping ________( I ).
10. ______(Ann 安 )mother is ______(we)
teacher.
2013 届睿乐希望小升初英语备考计划----内部讲义
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（4）填上正确的人称代词和物主代词
1._____ is my friend. 他是我的朋友。
2. My dog likes _____. 我的狗喜欢她。
3. Who is there? It’s _____. 是谁啊？是我。
4. Come with _____. 跟我来。
5. ______ classroom is bigger than ____. 你们的教室比我们的要大。
6. _____ are Chinese. 我们是中国人。
7.I want to buy some balloons for ______. 我想买些气球送给他。
8. These are ______ photos. 这些是我们的照片。
9. _____ like ______ very much. 他们非常喜欢它。
10. Let _____ give _____ a book. 让我给你一本书。
11. This is _____ father. 这是我的爸爸。
12. Is that bike ______? Yes, it’s ______. 那辆自行车是你的吗？是，它是我的。
13. _____ like ______ car. 我喜欢他们的小汽车。
14. Our school is here, and _theirs______ is there. 我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿.
15. Whose bike is this? It’s _hers_____ (= ___her bike__ ______). 这是谁的自行车？是她的。
16. Is that car ______? Yes, it’s ______. 那辆车是你的吗？是的，它是我的。
（5）用物主代词填空:
1. I own（拥有） that cat; that cat is ____ .
2. You own that cat: that cat is ____ .
3. He owns that cat; that cat is ____ .
4. She owns that cat; that cat is ____ .
5. They own that cat; that cat is ____
（6）根据给出的汉语，用恰当的形式填空。
1. (她) is a student. (她) sister is a student too.
2. (我) want (你) to do it today.
3. (他) twin brother is a worker. (他们) are twins.
4. (你们) are from England. (我们) are from China.
5. All of (我们) love (我们) teachers.
6. This is (我) book. That is (你).
7. These pens are (他们). (你们) are over there.
8. Can (你) read it for (我们).
（7）选择题。
（ ）1. Look at .
A. him B. he C. his
（ ）2. I drive to the park every day.
A. they B. their C. them
（ ）3. classroom is big.
A. we B. us C. Our
（ ）4. I love .
2013 届睿乐希望小升初英语备考计划----内部讲义
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A. she B. her C. hers
（ ）5. Do you know ?
A. I B. my C. me
（ ）6. I am son.
A. they B. their C. them
（ ）7. This is not _____ desk.. My desk is over there.
A. I B. my C. me
（ ）8. －Can you spell _____ name, Harry? －Sorry.
A. you B. your C. yours
（ ）9. Tom and Jack are brothers. This is _____ room.
A. they B. them C. their
（ ）10. We are in the same class. _____ classroom is very nice.
A. our B. my C. ours
（ ）11. Mrs Green is my teacher. I’m _____ student.
A. he B. his C. him
（ ）12. That’s a cat. _____ name is Mimi.
A. It B. It’s C. Its
（8）用括号里的代词的适当形式填空
1,Mr Yang is _______(we) teacher.________(him) is from Beijing. _______(his) teaches______(our)
English.
2,Look,there is a cat._______(they) is Lily's.____(it) name is Mimi.
3,Let______(I) tell ______(she) about_____(he) life at school.
4,This is ______(they) rooom.Where is _____(our)?
5,Don't use the eraser.______ is ______(me).
6,The lady under the tree is ______(me) aunt._____(her) often sings with _____(she) husband
2013 届睿乐希望小升初英语备考计划----内部讲义
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