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☆（一）名词
★名词单数变复数的规则：
1、 一般情况下直接在词尾加 s ，如：boy-boys
2、 以 s，x，sh，ch 结尾的，在词尾加 es。如： glass-glasses bus-buses box-
boxes dish-dishes sandwich –sandwiches
3、 以 o 结尾的加 es hero-heroes tomato –tomatoes potato-potatoes
其余以 o 结尾的加 s， 如：photo- photos
4、 以 f 或 fe 结尾的，变 f，fe 为 v ，再加 es 。如：shelf-shelves
5、 单 复 数 同 形 ， 死 性 不 改 。 fish-fish sheep-sheep Chinese-Chinese
Japanese-Japanese
6、 辅音字母加 y 结尾，变 y 为 i，再加 es。如： baby-babies lady-ladies
family-families
7、 不规则
A. 把 a 变成 e。如：man-men woman-women policeman-policemen
B. 把 oo 变成 ee。如：foot-feet goose-geese tooth-teeth
C. 不规则：mouse-mice child-children
★练习：写出下列单词的复数形式。
1. boy _____________ 2. child ________________ 3. baby __________
4. shelf ____________ 5. man _______________ 6. woman _____________
7. bus _____________ 8.box ______________ 9. glass ______________
10.sandwich ____________________ 11. girl _____________________
12. goose ___________ 13. sheep _________________ 14. fish _______
15. hero ___________ 14. tomato ______________ 15. photo _________
16. piece ____________ 17. bottle ____________ 18. bowl ____________
★不可数名词的量的表示方法
不可数名词有：bread toast pasta noodles chips chicken fish pork beef beefsteak
porridge soup salad rice water juice tea coffee milk broccoli
量词有：bowl bottle plate cup glass piece bag kilo half a kilo
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单数： a + 量词 + of + 不可数名词 如： a cup of tea 一杯茶
复数： 数词+ 量词的复数形式 + of +不可数名词
如： two cups of tea 两杯茶
★练习：
1. 一片面包 a p__________ of b_____________
2. 两杯咖啡 two c___________ of _______________
3. 三碟牛肉 _________ _____________ ______ _______________
4. 四碗汤 ____________ ____________ ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿
5. 一杯水 ______ ______________ ＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
6. 两瓶牛奶 _______ _____________ ________ ______________
7. 三袋薯条 _________ ____________ _____ ________________
★ 可数名词的量的表示方法：
数词+ 名词的复数形式 如： three apples 三个苹果
数词+ 量词 + of +可数名词的复数形式 如 a kilo of apples 一公斤苹果
数词+量词的复数形式+of +可数名词的复数形式
如 two kilos of apples 两公斤苹果
练习：三袋西红柿 three b_________ of ___________________
2. 半公斤鸡蛋 h_________ a __________ of ______________
☆（二）动词
★动词加 ing 的规则
1. 一般情况下直接在词尾加 ing 如：jump-jumping， study-studying
2. 以哑巴 e 结尾，去 e 加 ing， 如 write-writing
3. 一元一辅，买一送一，如 sit-sitting， put-putting，begin-beginning
练习：给下列动词加 ing
swim_________________ begin___________________
run _________________ sit _____________________
get ________________ dance ___________________
come ________________ have ___________________
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jump ________________ climb ___________________
sing _________________ eat __________________
★ 现在进行时的特征、结构
★ 句子中有 now, look, listen, it’s +时间，动词要加 ing，
be + 动词+ ing， 一家三口不分离，少了一个出问题。
问句：be + 人物+ 动词+ing 否定句：be not +动词+ing
练一练：请用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. Look, the boy ____________________(run) fast.
2. They are ______________________(play) basketball now.
3. Listen! The girl ___________________(sing) a birthday song.
4. It’s ten o’clock. We __________________(have) a P.E. lesson.
5. Are you ______________________(swim) in the swimming pool?
6. My mother ____________________(not cook) now.
★ 动词第三人称单数的变化规则
1. 一般情况下，直接在词尾加 s，如：live- lives, get—gets
2. 辅音字母加 y 结尾，变 y 为 i，再加 es，如：study-studies
3. 以 o, sh，ch，结尾的动词，加 es， 如：go-goes, wash-washes， watch-watches
练一练：写出下列单词第三人称单数的形式
come _______________ do ______________ brush _________________
study _______________ live _____________ watch _________________
play _______________ run ______________ jump __________________
★一般现在时的特征、结构：
句子中有 often, usually, sometimes, never，always , every day，
一见 he, she, it, s 就到，问句加 does ，动词用原形否定句 doesn’t+动词原形
不见 he, she, it, s 就逃，问句加 do，动词用原形，否定句 don’t+ 动词原形
★ 练一练：用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. The lady usually ______________ (get) up at 6:30 in the morning.
2. The man often ______________(go) to work by underground.
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3. _________ they __________ (take) exercise in the park every morning?
4. The children __________________(not sleep) in class.
5. My mother ___________________ (not cook) every evening.
★选择题
( ) 1. My father always _______ up at half past six.
A. get B. gets C. getting
( ) 2. ________ the boy ________ TV every day?
A. Do … watch B. Does … watches C. Does … watch
( ) 3. Ben and Janet _________ Chinese and other subjects at school.
A. learn B. learns C. learning
( ) 4. A: ________ does Yongxian go to school? B: By bus.
A. How B. What C. Where
( ) 5. My mother _______ the housework every day.
A. did B. do C. does
( ) 6. The lion doesn’t _________ meat three times a day.
A. eats B. eat C. eating
( ) 7. He ________ a model every week.
A. makes B. is making C. made
( ) 8. Does the cat ________ a mouse every hour?
A. catch B. catching C. catches
( ) 9. What does he do? He usually ________ the earth to the hill.
A. carry B. carries C. carrys
( ) 10. My mother always _______ up at half past six.
A. get B. getting C. gets
( ) 11. She often _______ under a big tree and ________ books in the morning.
A. sit … reads B. sits … read C. sits …. Reads
( ) 12. ________ the boy _______ TV on weekdays?
A. Do … watches B. Does …. watch C. Do … watch
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( ) 13. Their friend ______ to the park every two days.
A. go B. goes C. going
( ) 14. He never ______ a lot of water after he ______ football.
A. drinks … play B. drinks … plays C. drink …plays
( ) 15. ________ your mother ______ a car to get there every day?
A. Does … drive B. Do … drive C. Do … drives
( ) 16. He seldom _____ anything.
A. forget B. forgot C. forgets
( ) 17. She often ______ over when she _______ the baton.
A. falls … gets B. falls … get C. fall … gets
( ) 18. Janet ______ the dog every morning.
A. feed B. feeding C. feeds
( ) 19. My father _______ well every night.
A. doesn’t feel B. don’t feel C. doesn’t feels
( ) 20. A: ______ Ben’s grandmother often _________ VCD in the evening?
B: No, she doesn’t. She often ________ TV.
A. Do, watch, watch B. Does, watches, watches
C. Does, watch, watches
( ) 21. A: ______ John’s uncle usually ______ exercise at this time of day?
B: Yes, she ________.
A. Do, take, do B. Does, takes, does C. Does, take, does
( ) 22. A: Ann’s uncle often ________ tennis after school.
B: Yes. Look, he _____ tennis over there.
A. plays, is playing B. plays, plays C. play, is playing
( ) 23. A: My father usually _______ green tea.
B: My father ________ tea too. But he _______ black tea.
A. drink, likes, drink B. drink, like, drink C. drinks, likes, drinks
( ) 24. Kate ______ feel good today. She ______ take plenty of rest.
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A. doesn’t, should B. doesn’t shouldn’t C. isn’t, should
( ) 25. A: Does your mother _______ swimming?
B: No, she ______.
A. like, doesn’t B. likes, doesn’t C. like, does
( ) 26. A: How often does Janet feed the cat?
B: ___________________.
A. She sometimes feed the dog. B. She feed it three times a day.
C. She feeds it three times a day.
( ) 27. The girl often _______ her homework at seven.
A. does B. doing C. do
( ) 28. He _________ the piano for one hour every day.
A. practice B. practices C. practicing
( ) 29. I like animals, so I _______ go to the zoo.
A. never B. often C. seldom
( ) 30. How does your mum go to work?
A. By car. B. In a bank. C. At 8:00.
★ 试一试，请你写一写爸爸或妈妈一天的作息时间。
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☆ （三）比较级、最高级
★ 形容词、副词比较级、最高级的规则
1. 一般情况下，直接在词尾加 er，est， 如 fast –faster-fastest
2. 以 e 结尾，直接在词尾加 r，st， 如： nice –nicer-nicest
3. 辅音字母加 y 结尾，变 y 为 i，再加 er，est 如： pretty-prettier-prettiest
4. 一元一辅，买一送一，再加 er，est，如： hot-hotter-hottest
5. 多音节词，more + 原形，most+原形
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如： beautiful- more beautiful-most beautiful
6. 不规则： many-more-most much-more-most
good-better-best well-better-best
★ 练一练，写出下列单词的比较级和最高级形式
cold ___________ ___________ small _________ ___________ new ________ _________
tall ___________ __________ short__________ ___________ old________ _________
weak _________ ___________ strong ___________ _________ high________ ________
fat___________ ___________ hot __________ ___________ big _________ ________
thin ________ ___________ wet _____ _ ___________ large____________________
nice ___________________ cute _________ __________ fine_________ __________
much ___________________ well ___________________ good ___________________
easy___________________happy___________________pretty____________________
dirty______________________ lovely_____________________heavy ___________________
ugly ________ ___________ long________ ___________ bright________ ___________
low________ ___________ clean________ ___________ young _______ ____________
cheap__________ ___________ early_________ ___________ tidy__________ __________
famous_____________ _____________ boring _____________ ____________
interesting ____________ _____________ important ___________ ______________
★ 句子中两者的比较用比较级，er 和 than 不分离
★ 句子中有三个以上，用最高级，如：of all，of the three，in the ……
练一练：
1. Fred is the __________(short ) in his class .
2. My book is ________( new ) than my sister’s .
3. That piece of chicken is the ___________( heavy )in the fridge .
4. Her rule is ______(long), and it’s the _______(long)of ours all .
5. Is a fish _________(thin) than a bird ?
6. A rose tree isn’t _______( short ) than a pear tree .
7. The leopard can run _______( fast), but the cheetah can run _____( fast) than it . It
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can run ________( fast ) in the world .
8. Is she the ________(old ) woman in the world ?
9. Which is _______( big ), a dinosaur or a blue whale ?
The blue whale is _________( big ) than a dinosaur , it is the _______(big) animal
in the world . And elephant is the ________(big) animal on land .
10. My father leaves home _______(early ) than me .
11. This zoo is much _______(good ) than the old one .
12. My brother is much _______(tall ) than my cousin .
13. The shoe shop is _________(near) the park .
14. This bag is very ________( heavy), but that one is _______(heavy) than this one .
It’s the ________( heavy) of all .
15. Jiamin is _______( tall ). But Yongxian is _______( tall ) than him .
16. Our library has ________(many ) books than before .
17. I sing the _________( good ) in class .
18. The woman is the ________( fat ) of the three .
19. The cat is _________(fast), the horse is _______(fast) than the cat . The leopard
is the _______(fast) of the three .
20. Chinese homework is ________(easy). Maths homework is _______(easy) than
it . And English homework is the ______(easy)of all .
21. Which is ___________(heavy), a tiger , a lion or a bear ?
22. Which jumps ________(high ) , a kangaroo or a monkey ?
☆（四）一般将来时
★句子中有 tomorrow，next，this evening, this morning , this afternoon, on your
holiday
be going to +动词原形 或者 will+单词原形
练一练：
1. What _________ you ____________________( do ) on your holiday?
2. I ______________________(play) football with my friend tomorrow afternoon.
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3. My mother and I __________________(clean ) our garden tomorrow afternoon.
4.Next Saturday all the pupils in my class ________________(go) to Mike’s party.
5.Where ________your parents __________________(have ) lunch tomorrow?
请根据下面的时间，写出自己要做的事情。
1) I’m going to ___________________________________ after school.
2) _____________________________________________ this weekend.
3) I will __________________________________________ this evening.
4) _________________________________________ on school holiday.
请根据下面的时间，写出爸爸、妈妈要做的事情。
1) My father is going to _______________________________ after work.
2) My father ___________________________________ this weekend.
3) My mother will ___________________________________ tomorrow.
4) My mother ____________________________________ this Sunday.
☆（五）序数词
★基数词变序数词的规则
基变序，有规律，1,2,3，特殊记，1st， 2nd， 3rd，从 4 起，
加 th，ve 用 f 代替，8 去 t， 9 去 e，ty 变成 tie，遇到几十几，变各位就可以。
请根据缩写的提示，仿照例子完成下面的表格。
1st first 11th 21st
2nd 12th 22nd
3rd 13th 23rd
4th 14th 24th
5th 15th 25th
6th 16th 26th
7th 17th 27th
8th 18th 28th
9th 19th 29th
10th 20th 30th
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31st
★序数词的前面一定要用 the
★序数词与基数词的区别：序数词表示顺序，基数词表示数量。如 three apples
三个苹果，the third apple 第三个苹果（表示的数量只有一个）
练一练: 1.I have _______________(four) friends.
2. The __________(two) boy is my brother.
☆（六）have， has ，there is ，there are 的用法
Have has 表示某人有某物 there is ，there are 表示某处有某物
have, has 都是有，可是用法却不同，
I，you，we ，they 用 have，
只有 he，she， it 用 has
there is +单数或不可数名词
there are + 复数
☆（七）some , any, still ，yet, too，either，also 的用法
some， any still ，yet too， either， also
some 用于肯定句
any 用于否定和疑问句
Is there any water in the
bottle?
There are some beef in
the fridge.
still 用于问句和肯定句
yet 用于否定句
如：Are you still working
there？
Dinner isn’t ready yet.
Too 用于问句和肯定句
either 用于否定句
too 和 either 放于句末
also 放于句子中
如： We also have seven
gold medals.
☆（八）at， on， in 表示时间时的用法
at 用于点钟的前面
at+地点
on +星期
on 用于具体日期的前面
in 用于一天的某段时间
in+季节，in+月份
in +年 in+颜色
如 at seven o’clock
at school
at Jimmy’s
如： on Sunday
On February 1st
如 in the morning
in autumn
in January
in 1990 in red
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☆（九）句子的回答技巧
1、问人用 who
男单数： Who is the man? the man 是男的，用 he 代替， 再采用交换原则
He is ……
女单数： Who is the lady？the lady 是女的， 用 she 代替， 再采用交换原则
She is……
复数 Who are the women？the women 是复数，用 they 代替，再采用交换原则
They are …….
2、问物主用 whose
单数： Whose is the cap? 或 Whose cap is this？物品的单数用 it 代替，
It’s +人名’s. 或直接写人名’s
复数：Whose are the caps？ 或 Whose caps are these？物品的复数用 they 代替
They are +人名’s. 或直接写人名’s
3、问职业
男的：What does your father do？=What’s your father’s job?
He’s a/an + 职业的词.
女的： What does your mother do?=What’s your mother’s job?
She’s a/an + 职业的词.
复数： What do they do? They are + 职业的词的复数形式.
4、 问理想
What do you want to be when you grow up?
I want to be a/ an +职业的词.
5、 问价格
单数： How much is the blouse? =How much does the blouse cost?
It’s + 数词+货币单位. 或直接写数词+ 货币单位.
复数： How much are the carrots?= How much do the carrots cost?
They are + 数词+ 货币单位. 或直接写数词+ 货币单位.
6、 问哪个更便宜
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Which is cheaper？ The …….
7、 问加法
What is 数词 and 数词？ It’s + 数词. 或直接写数词.
8、 问正在干什么
问你：What are you doing？ are you 变 I am I am +动词+ing.
问男的：What is the man doing? the man 变成 he He is +动词+ing.
问女的： What is the lady doing? the lady 变成 she， She is+动词+ing.
问复数： What arethey doing？ They are +动词+ing.
9、 问经常干什么，答句人物+动作。
问你：What do you usually do on Sunday?
I usually play football.
问男的： What does he often do after scholl？
He often plays tennis.
问女的： What does she usually do on Monday?
She usually skips.
问复数： What do they do every day? They watch news on TV.
10、 问喜欢的体育运动
（1）What’s your favourite sport? My favourite sport is running.
或直接写运动 Running.
（2） Which sport are you good at? I am good at running.
或直接写运动 Running.
11、 问喜欢的食物
What’s your favourite food? My favourite food is toast. 或直接写食物：Toast.
12、 问喜欢的科目：
What’s your favourite subject？ My favourite subject is P.E..或直接写学科：P.E..
13、 问喜欢的季节 What’s your favourite season? Summer.
14、 问喜欢的节目
What programme does your mother like? She likes news.
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What programme does your father like? He likes sports programme.
What programme do you like？ I like cartoon.
或直接写节目名称.
15、 问想法
物品单数：What do you think of salad? I think it’s delicious. 或 It’s horrible.
物品复数： What do you think of the films?
I think they are fun. 或 They’re fun.
人单数： What do you think of your English? I think she is kind. 或 She is kind.
What do you think of your parents? I think they are funny. 或 They are funny.
16、 问什么时间做事情
What time do you have breakfast? = When do you get up?
At +时间.
17、 问时间 What time is it？ It’s+ 时间. 或直接写时间.
18、 问星期几
What day is it today? It’s +星期. 或直接写星期.
19、 Would you like some coffee? No, thanks./Yes, please.
20、 What would you like for breakfast? would you like 采用交换原则，
变成 I’d like +食物.
21、 问年龄用 How old are you? I’m …..years old.
How old is your father? He is ……years old.
How old is your mother? She is ……years old.
或直接写数字.
22、 选择问句，关键词 or
Do you like coffee or tea? you 变 I , I like coffee. 或直接二选一，Coffee.
Is he jumping high or low? 采用交换原则，He is jumping high.
或直接二选一，High
注意：不能 do 问 do 答，is 问 is 答。还要注意大、小写
23、 Do you like skipping? Do 问 do 答， Yes， I do. No, I don’t.
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24、 Does your mother like TV plays? Does 问 does 答。
Yes， she does. No, she doesn’t.
25、 Can you play tennis? Can 问 can 答， Yes, I can. No, I can’t.
26、 问频率 How often…….? 用 Every day. 或者 Never.
27、 问生日：When is your birthday? On +月日.
28、 问用什么交通工具到达目的地：
How do you go to school? By +交通工具. 或者 On foot.
29、 打电话：May I speak to…….? Speaking.
30、 看病：What’s the matter? I feel ill. /I have a headache.
31、 问说什么语言： What language do you speak？ I speak English.
32、 问外貌：What does the cheetah look like? It looks like a leopard.
33、 问更喜欢哪个：Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? I prefer……
或者直接选一个：Tea.
34、 问天气： What’s the weather like today? It’s sunny. 或者直接写 Sunny.
35、 问明天的天气： What will the weather be like tomorrow?
It will be sunny.或者直接写 Sunny.
36、 问温度：What’s the temperature? It’s 30℃.或者直接写 30℃.
37、 问明天的温度： What will the temperature be tomorrow?
It’s 30℃.或者直接写 30℃.
38、 问多快: How fast can a cheetah run? More than 95 kilometres an hour.
39、 问原因：Why……? Because……
如：Why do you like summer best?
Because I can swim in summer.
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