2020-2021年中考英语阅读理解试题

2020-2021 年中考英语阅读理解 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Confidence is very important in daily life. It is helpful to develop a healthy attitude. If people are more confident, they are much happier. And they can have more chances to be successful. Here are some suggestions to be more confident. Speak loudly! When you are not confident, you can't do what you want to do well. You speak in a voice so low that other people can hardly hear you. Try to speak loudly in order that people can hear you clearly. The high voice can help you become more confident. Play sports! Physical exercise makes you tired but completely relaxed. A strong body helps you full of confidence. Encourage yourself! Write down a list of things you did during the day to see how many things you have done well. Give yourself praise for the good things you've done. Keep a hobby! If you like drawing, draw as much as you can. In some ways, a hobby can make you perfect. And it will make you happy and confident. （1） What does "It" mean in the first paragraph? A. Attitude. B. Confidence. C. Happiness. D. Sadness. （2）can make you perfect, happy and confident. A. A hobby B. Sports C. Encouragement D. Labour （3） What can make you tired but strong according to the passage? A. Travel. B. Exercise. C. Hobbies. D. Reading. （4） Which suggestion is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Speak loudly. B. Encourage yourself. C. Make progress. D. Keep a hobby. 【答案】 （ 1） B （2） A （3） B （4） C 【解析】 【分析】大意 :本文讲述信心的重要性，就如何提高信心给出了一些建议。 （1）词义猜测题。根据 Confidence is very important in daily life. It is helpful to develop a healthy attitude. 可知，信心在日常生活中很重要，它对发展健康的态度很有益。 it 在此处 指代 confidence ，信心，故选 B。 （2）细节题。根据 a hobby can make you perfect. And it will make you happy and confident. 可知，爱好可以是你完美， it 会使你开心自信，故选 A。 （ 3）细节题。根据 Physical exercise makes you tired but completely relaxed.A strong body helps you full of confidence. 可知，体育锻炼使你累但是强壮，故选 B。 （4）细节题。文章提到了 Speak loudly!Play sports! Encourage yourself!Keep a hobby! 但是没提 到 Make progress ，故选 C。 【点评】考查阅读理解能力，细节题和词义猜测题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题要从 文中寻找答案；词句猜测题需要联系上下文，推出词句的意思。 2．阅读理解 Students at a primary school in Fuzhou, East China's Fujian Province were required to clean the school toilets to help them develop good habits. But some parents are strongly against the idea. They can't see the advantages of students doing such chores （杂事） . They think that the school should provide students with a proper education, not the chance to be school cleaners. In fact, parents, schools and society play an equally （同等地） important role in developing the character of students. It is good for schools to give students such tasks, because few of the students will do them at home. Their parents want them to do homework only. In recent years, some parents will make mountains out of molehills when students are asked to do some chores in schools. Some complain about the teachers if their kids get hurt in schools; some even challenge the schools' teaching methods and management. As a result, many primary schools, especially those in big cities, do not let students join in outdoor activities during breaks, fearing that they might get hurt. This is bad for the development of students' best qualities. What the primary school in Fuzhou is doing is worth praising. Doing chores can put a sense of responsibility into students' minds and teach them the spirit of rules as well as teamwork. Also, it can make students' in-school experiences more meaningful. （1） A primary school in Fuzhou required the students to . A. do homework only B. finish homework at school C. clean the playground D. clean the school toilets （2） Some parents don't think that the school should provide students with A. a proper education B. a chance to be cleaners C. a chance to be teachers D. more housework （3） The underlined phrase "make mountains out of molehills" means" ". A. 愚公移山 B. 山穷水尽 C. 小题大做 . D. 眉飞色舞 （4） What is the main idea of the passage ？ A. Students shouldn't do any chores in school. B. Parents require students to do some chores in school. C. Some parents think doing some chores is harmful to students. D. Doing some chores can develop students' good qualities. 【答案】 （ 1） D （2） B （3） C （4） D 【解析】 【分析】主要讲了福州一所小学让学生们打扫厕所来朋友学生的好习惯，对此一 些父母的意见及其好处。 （1）细节题。根据 Students at a primary school in Fuzhou, East China's Fujian Province were required to clean the school toilets to help them develop good habits 可知福州一所小学让学生 们打扫厕所来朋友学生的好习惯，故选 D。 （2）细节题。根据 They think that the school should provide students with a proper education, not the chance to be school cleaners. 可知一些父母认为不应该让学生成为学习清洁工，故选 B。 （3）推断题。根据后句 Some complain about the teachers if their kids get hurt in schools; some even challenge the schools' teaching methods and management. 一些家长抱怨老师是否 孩子在学校受伤，甚至挑战老师的教学方法和管理，所以一些家长容易小题大做，故选 C。 （ 4）主旨题，根据 Doing chores can put a sense of responsibility into students' minds and teach them the spirit of rules as well as teamwork. Also, it can make students' in-school experiences more meaningful. 可知做家务可以培养学生的责任心、团队精神、让学生的在校 经历更有意义，故选 D。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意 从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了 解大意之后找出中心思想。 3．阅读理解 I live on the twelfth floor of a building. One afternoon I was coming home from a friend's house. It was just after four o'clock. I got quickly into the lift and pressed Button （按钮） 13. The lift started to go up, but very slowly. And then, halfway up, it suddenly stopped between two floors. I couldn't understand it. I pressed all the buttons from 1 to 14.I called for help very loudly. But nobody answered. Then suddenly the lights went out, and I was alone in the dark. I started to cry and beat the walls of the lift. I cried and cried until I had no voice left. Then, I felt hopeless, and pressed all the buttons with my hands. And at the same time, there was a bell far away. It rang and rang. It was the fire alarm. I thought the whole building was on fire. I said to God quietly, "Just get me out of here. I'll never be bad again." Just then, I realized the lift was moving very slowly. On the ground floor it stopped, and the door opened. A man was standing there. "How long have you been there? It is good that you pressed the alarm bell. But haven't you learned to read at your school?" He pointed at a small piece of paper on the wall beside the lift. It said: "Attention: This lift will be stopped for repairs between 4 p.m. and 5p.m. on Thursday, March 13." （1） What happened to the lift? A. It had a fire accident. B. It stopped halfway. C. It was turned off by the writer. D. It moved fast up to the top floor. （2） As the situation went on, the writer became . A. more and more scared B. calmer and calmer C. more and more bored D. clearer and clearer （3） Why did a bell ring from far away? A. The lift was to start again. B. The repair worker rang the fire alarm. C. The building was on fire. D. The writer pressed the fire alarm bell. （4） Who most probably made the lift move again and go down to the ground floor? A. The writer. B. The writer's friend. C. The man. D. The writer's father. 【答案】 （ 1） B （2） A （3） D （4） C 【解析】 【分析】主要讲了作者从朋友家里回家时遇见电梯因为修理不能使用，作者起初 不知道，最终被困电梯。 （1）细节题。根据 And then, halfway up, it suddenly stopped between two floors. 可知电梯上到半 路就停止了，故选 B。 （ 2）细节题。根据 I cried and cried until I had no voice left. Then, I felt hopeless 可知作者喊 叫直到没有声音，作者感到无望的，所以作者感到越来越害怕，故选 A。 （3）细节题。根据 And at the same time, there was a bell far away. It rang and rang. It was the fire alarm. 可知作者按到了火灾报警器，故选 D。 （4）细节题。根据 On the ground floor it stopped, and the door opened. A man was standing there. 可知男士最有可能让电梯再次移动，故选 C。 【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。 4．阅读理解 What could a poem writer and a film director share? More than you think ！ Langston Hughes began writing poems in high school and soon became one of America's greatest writers. Most of his writing is about his experiences as an African American. He wrote poems about people who worked hard through life but still found things to be happy about. He wrote plays and books about justice （正义） for all people, and he wrote kids' books, too. The Sweet and Sour Animal Book is a book of his animal poems. Pictures and photos were used in the book." Hold fast to dreams" is a line in a famous Hughes poem. That's exactly what he did throughout his life. When Steven Spielberg was in middle school, he wanted to make a film. He had an idea for a film, but no money. He started a tree-planting business and made his film with the money he earned. Spielberg never stopped making films, even after many film schools refused him. Today he is one of the most popular and important filmmakers in the world. His films are about people who are adventurous （爱冒险的） , brave, kind. His characters often fight for what is good. Some of his films are about his Jewish background, such as Schindler's List. Spielberg once said, "I don't dream that much at night because I dream for a living." In different ways, both Hughes and Spielberg have encouraged people of all ages to reach for their dreams. （1） What is the best title for the passage? A. Two men who were afraid to dream B. Two filmmakers who were afraid to dream C. Two writers who weren't afraid to dream D. Two men who weren't afraid to dream （2） When Langston Hughes became great he was Steven Spielberg, who becomes popular. A. as old as B. as young as C. younger than D. older than （3） Which of the following is Langston Hughes' writing not about? A. His experiences as an African American. B. The fair treatment of animals. C. Hard-working and happy people. D. The fair treatment of people. （4） What did Langston Hughes do in his whole life? A. He never gave up his wish. B. He sometimes had a wish to achieve. C. He always had no wish to achieve. D. He always wrote poems for films. 【答案】 （ 1） D （2） C （3） B （4） A 【解析】 【分析】主要讲了兰斯顿休斯高中时开始写诗，很快成为美国最伟大的作家之 一，史蒂文 ·斯皮尔伯格上中学时，他想拍一部电影，今天他是世界上最受欢迎和最重要的 电影制片人之一，他们用不同的方式鼓励人们实现他们的梦想。 （ 1）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了兰斯顿休斯和史蒂文 ·斯皮尔伯格用不同的方式鼓励 人们实现梦想，即两个不害怕梦想的人，故选 D。 （ 2）推断题。根据 Langston Hughes began writing poems in high school and soon became one of America's greatest writers. When Steven Spielberg was in middle school, he wanted to make a film. He had an idea for a film, but no money 可知兰斯顿休斯高中时开始写诗，很快成 为美国最伟大的作家之一，而史蒂文 ·斯皮尔伯格上中学时，他想拍一部电影但是没有钱， 所以中学时没有受欢迎，所以兰斯顿休斯变得受欢迎时更年轻，故选 C。 （3）细节题。根据 Most of his writing is about his experiences as an African American. He wrote poems about people who worked hard through life but still found things to be happy about. He wrote plays and books about justice （正义） for all people, and he wrote kids' books, too. 可 知他的大部分作品都是关于他作为非裔美国人的经历。他写了一些诗，描写那些在生活中努 力工作，但仍能找到快乐的事物的人。他为所有人写剧本和关于正义的书，他也写儿童 读物，没有关于动物的公平对待的，故选 B。 （4）细节题。根据 Pictures and photos were used in the book." Hold fast to dreams" is a line in a famous Hughes poem. That's exactly what he did throughout his life. 书中使用了图片和照 片。 “紧紧抓住梦想 ”是休斯一首著名的诗中的一句话。这正是他一生所做的。即从不放 弃梦想，故选 A。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意 从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了 解大意之后找出中心思想。 5．阅读理解 He was an old man who fished alone in a small boat on the sea and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish. In the first forty days a boy had been with him. But after forty days without a fish, the boy's parents had told him that the old man was now salao, which was the worst form of unluck, and the boy had gone with another boat which caught three good fish the first week. It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his boat empty. The sail looked like the flag of failure forever. The old man was thin with deep wrinkles （皱纹） in the back of his neck. His face was terribly brown because of the strong sunlight on the sea every day and his hands had the deep scars （伤 疤） from dealing with heavy fish on the lines. But none of these were fresh. Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same colour as the sea and were cheerful. "Santiago," the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from the sea. "I could go with you again. We've made some money." The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him. "No, "the old man said." You're with a lucky boat. Stay with them." "But remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks." "I remember," the old man said. "It was papa who made me leave. I am a boy and I must follow him." "I know," the old man said. "It is quite normal." "He hasn't much faith （信心） ." "No," the old man said." But we have. Haven't we?" "Yes," the boy said. "Can I offer you a beer on the Terrace?" "Why not?" the old man said. "Between fishermen." （1） In the story the old man was the boy's . A. grandfather B. friend C. boss D. host （2） The word "they" in Paragraph 2 refers to of the old man. A. the hands B. the scars C. the eyes D. the wrinkles （3） The old man refused the boy to go fishing with him again because . A. he wanted to fish by himself B. he could really understand his parents C. the boy asked for some money D. the boy had already learnt how to fish （4） From the story we can know that . A. the old man was always full of hope B. the boy's parents believed in the old man C. everyone laughed at the old man's bad luck D. the boy was worried about the old man's health 【答案】 （ 1） B （2） C （3） B （4） A 【解析】 【分析】主要讲了一个老人 84 天没有捕到鱼了，男孩的父母不让小男孩和老人一起 捕鱼，认为老人运气不好，老人比较理解男孩的父母。 （ 1）细节题。根据全文可知小男孩和老人一起去捕鱼，他们的关系是朋友关系，故选 B。 （2）细节题。根据 Everything about him was old except his eyes 除了他的眼睛，他周围的一切 都很老，所以 they 代指眼睛，即 eyes，故选 C。 （3）细节题。根据 "It was papa who made me leave. I am a boy and I must follow him." "I know," the old man said. "It is quite normal." 可知老人理解男孩爷爷的想法，所以拒绝小男孩 再次和他一起去捕鱼，故选 B。 （4）细节题。根据 "He hasn't much faith （信心） ." "No," the old man said." But we have. Haven't we?" 可知男孩爷爷对老人没有信心，但是老人和男孩有信心，故选 A。 【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。 6．阅读理解 Bob was only seven years old. One night Bob was at home alone while his parents were out for a party. He had often stayed alone before, so he wasn't afraid. As he waited for his parents to return home, he watched a film on TV. His eyes became heavier and heavier as time passed by. Suddenly Bob's eyes opened wide- what was the sound in the next room? Bob heard the window being opened slowly. For a minute, Bob was so frightened that he could not move, and his body felt like ice. He knew that he couldn't lose his head and began to think of the things he could do. Again he heard the sound of someone trying to climb into his home through the window. Bob's drums were standing in the corner near the TV. "Wait, maybe there is something I can do," thought Bob. He beat his drums as hard as he could. The sound was so terrible that Bob surprised even himself. He also surprised the man in the window, who ran away as fast as possible. How clever he was! （1） What did Bob do when he waited for his parents? A. He played the drums. B. He watched TV. C. He fell asleep. D. He did nothing. （2） The person who wanted to come into the room might be _________________. A. a friend B. a stranger C. an animal D. a thief（贼） （3） What does the underlined phrase "lose his head" mean in Chinese? A. 冷静 B. 生气 C. 惊慌失措 D. 喜出望外 （4） What did Bob do to make the man run away? （5） What do you think of Bob? A. Foolish. B. Lovely. C. Funny. D. Clever. 【答案】 （ 1） B （2） D （3） C （4） C （5） D 【解析】 【分析】本文介绍了 Bob 用敲鼓的方式吓跑了小偷的故事。 （1）细节题。根据 As he waited for his parents to return home, he watched a film on TV 当他等待父母回家时，他在电视上看了一部电影， 可知 鲍勃等父母时看了电视 ， 故选 B。 （2）推理题。根据 Again he heard the sound of someone trying to climb into his home through the window. 他再次听到有人试图从窗户爬进他家的声音 可知， 想进房间的人可能 是小偷 ， 故选 D。 （3）词义猜测题。根据 Bob was so frightened that he could not move, and his body felt like ice. 鲍勃吓得动弹不得，他的身体感觉像冰一样， 可知 lose his head 是惊慌失措 ， 故选 C。 （4）细节题。根据 He beat his drums as hard as he could. The sound was so terrible that Bob surprised even himself. He also surprised the man in the window, who ran away as fast as possible 他尽最大努力敲鼓。声音太可怕了，鲍勃甚至连自己都感到惊讶。他还 让橱窗里的那个人大吃一惊，那个人跑好 ，可知 他敲鼓吓跑了小偷 ， 故选 C。 （ 5）细节题。根据 How clever he was ， 可知鲍勃很聪明，故选 D。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题，细节题要注意从文中寻 找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相 关信息锁定词意。 7．阅读理解 When his mum fainted （昏厥） and knocked herself out, unconscious, four year old Henry Davies knew just what to do — thanks to a storybook. He calmly dialled 999 and told the emergency services how to get to his home and then phoned his father. The boy told the doctors what had happened and directed them to the house in Coundon, Coventry, and even offered the doctors a drink When they arrived. Henry also offered to look after his 12 — month old brother Noah. His father, Iran, 35, said, "Chloe has been unwell with a high fever which has made her feel quite poorly. I left for work early at about 7:30 am and as she got up after I left she felt quite dizzy and faint. The next thing she remembers is fainting down on the floor and hearing Henry talking to someone. He had seen her fall and hit her head on the table, but he couldn't wake her up. So he picked up the phone and dialled 999 for an ambulance." Chloe said, "Henry has a storybook, Ambulance Crew, on what to do in an emergency, which we've read a few times. He even put a blanket over me. The ambulance crew were amazed. We're very proud of him." （1） How old was Henry? A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. （2） What was the matter with Henry's mother? A. She fainted on the floor. B. She was shot by a gun. C. She was badly ill. D. She was hurt badly. （3） How did Henry know the knowledge of saving his mother? A. By watching TV. B. By reading a book. C. His teacher taught him. D. By WeChat. （4） The underlined words" emergency services" mean "_________" in Chinese. A. 紧急应变机构 B 突.发事件 C 急.诊室 （5） Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? D 医.疗 A. There are 4 people in Henry's family. C. Henry's father is very proud of Henry. 【答案】 （ 1） D （2） A （3） B （4） A （5） D B. Henry prepared a drink for the doctors. D. His father is 29 years old. 【解析】 【分析】本文介绍了 Henry 凭借《救护人员》书上的内容，救了他的妈妈。 （ 1）细节题。根据 four year old Henry Davies... 可知， Henry4 岁了，故选 D。 （ 2）细节题。根据 The next thing she remembers is fainting down on the floor 可知， 亨利 的母亲晕倒在地板上，故选 A。 （3）推理题。根据 Henry has a storybook, Ambulance Crew, on what to do in an emergency 亨利有一本故事书《救护人员》 ,讲述在紧急情况下该怎么做 可知， Henry 是通过读书知道救他母 亲的知识，故选 B。 （ 4）词义辨析题。根据 He calmly dialled 999 他平静地拨打了 999 ，可知 999 是个紧急应变机 构，故 emergency services 是紧急应变机构的意思，故选 A。 （ 5）细节题。根据 His father, Iran, 35 ， 可知他的父亲 29 岁是错的，故选 D。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题和主旨题四种常考题型， 细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题 需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思 想。 8．阅读理解 Want to enjoy some extreme sports （极限运动） ? Here are a small number of the extreme sport clubs across universities in the UK. Octopush （水中曲棍球） Oxford, York. Aberdeen and Warwick are only some of the universities that offer this rather unusual sport. Anyone who is able to swim can play. It is played by two teams of six players. Everyone wears a mask and carries a small wooden stick. Skiing and snowboarding Nearly every university in the UK has a skiing and snowboarding club. For example, Brumski 8. Board Club of Birmingham University has run for 30 years and has about 500 members. They hold Christmas and Easter ski trips every year and take part in competitions. Skateboarding Warwick University is home to the Longboarding Club. A longboard is two or three feet longer than a usual skateboard and has a wider wheel base. Instead of offering club T-shirts, the Longboarding Club lets members have their personal socks. BASE jumping The University of Lincoln offers BASE jumping. In BASE jumping, players jump from fixed objects and use a parachute（降落 伞） to break their fall. They go on weekly trips to Skydive Hibaldstow. （ 1 ） If a student wants to take part in Octopush, he or she should be able to _________________. A. ski B. swim C. skate D. skydive （2） How many members are there in Brumski &. Board Club? A. About 30. B. About 300. C. About 50. D. About 500. （3） A usual skateboard is _________________than a longboard. A. shorter B. longer C. wider D. bigger （4） Which university offers BASE jumping? A. Oxford. B. York. C. Lincoln. D. Warwick. （5） According to the passage, which of the following is the most common sport in UK universities? A. Octopush. B. Snowboarding. C. Skateboarding. D. BASE jumping. 【答案】 （ 1） B （2） D （3） A （4） C （5） B 【解析】 【分析】本文介绍了英国各大学的少数极限运动俱乐部。 （ 1）细节题。根据水中曲棍球的介绍 Anyone who is able to swim can play 可知如果一个学 生想参加水中曲棍球，他或她应该会游泳，故选 B。 （2）细节题。根据 Brumski 8. Board Club of Birmingham University has run for 30 years and has about 500 members 布鲁姆斯基 8 和伯明翰大学董事会俱乐部已经运作了 30 年，可知 大约有 500 名成员，故选 D。 （ 3）推理题。根据 A longboard is two or three feet longer than a usual skateboard 通滑板长两到三英尺 可知普通的滑板比长板短，故选 A。 长板比普 （4）细节题。根据 The University of Lincoln offers BASE jumping 可知 Lincoln 提供基础跳跃，故 选 C。 （5）推理题。根据 They hold Christmas and Easter ski trips every year and take part in competitions 他们每年都举行圣诞节和复活节滑雪旅行，并参加比赛 可知 滑雪板运动是英 国大学最常见的运动 ， 故选 B。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断 题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。 9．阅读理解 Different countries have different customs. When you are in different countries, you should follow their customs. In China, it's impolite to talk when eating dinner. And you're not supposed to start eating first if there are older people at the table. Very often people who travel to the United States forget to tip （付小费） . It is usual to tip waiters, taxi drivers and porters who help carry your bags. Waiters expect to get a 15% tip on the cost of your meal. Taxi drivers expect about the same amount. In England, make sure to stand in line even if there are only two of you. It's important to respect （尊重） lines there. It's a good idea to talk about the weather. It's a favorite subject of conversation with the British. In Spain（西班牙） , it's a good idea to have a light meal in the afternoon if someone invites you for dinner. People have dinner very late, and restaurants do not generally open until after 9:00 p. m. In Saudi Arabia（沙特阿拉伯） , men kiss one another on the cheek. Your host may welcome you with a kiss on both cheeks. It is polite of you to do the same. In Japan, people usually give personal or business cards to each other when they meet for the first time. When a person gives you a card, don't put it into your pocket （口袋） as soon as you get it. The person expects you to read it. Don't forget to be careful about your body language to express something in conversations. A kind of body language that is acceptable in one culture may be impolite in another. （1） What does the underlined word "porters" mean in Chinese ？ A. 搬运工 B. 水电工 C. 建筑工 D. 环卫工 （2） If you travel to the US, and you spend $ 200 on a taxi ride and $ 320 on a meal, you are supposed to tip in total. A. $520 B. $78 C. $156 D. $60 （3） Which of the following is TRUE ？ A. You are expected to kiss your host on the cheek in Japan. B. Generally, restaurants don't offer dinner after 9:00 p. m. in Spain. C. It's impolite to eat first if there are older people at the table in China. D. You don't need to stand in line if there are two people waiting for a bus in England. （4） What does the passage mainly talk about ？ A. Where to travel. B. How to tip in different countries. C. When to use body language. D. Customs in different countries. 【答案】 （ 1） A （2） B （3） C （4） D 【解析】 【分析】本文介绍 不同的国家有不同的习俗。当你在不同的国家时，你应该遵循 他们的习俗。 （ 1）词义猜测题。根据 who help carry your bags 帮你搬东西的人可知， porters 是搬运 工的意思，故选 A。 （ 2）细节题。根据 服务员希望得到 15%的餐费小费。出租车司机期望大约相同的数额 服 务员希望得到 15%的餐费小费。出租车司机期望大约相同的数额 可知， 如果你去美国旅 行，坐出租车花 200 美元，吃饭花 320 美元，你应该总共付小费是（ 200+320） *20%=78 美元 ， 故选 B。 （3）推理题。根据 you're not supposed to start eating first if there are older people at the table 如果餐桌上有老年人，你不应该先吃饭 可知， 如果中国的餐桌上有老年人，先吃饭是 不礼貌的正确 ， 故选 C。 （4）细节题。根据本文介绍 不同的国家有不同的习俗。当你在不同的国家时，你应该遵循 他们的习俗 可知，文章主要讲述 不同国家的风俗 ， 故选 D。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题和主旨题四种常考题型， 细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题 需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思 想。 10． 阅读理解 When he was small, Hill was a famous bad boy. At the age of 9, his father married his stepmother. At that time they lived poorly in the countryside while his stepmother was from a wealthy family. His father introduced Hill to his stepmother as he said, "Dear, I hope you notice in the entire shire this is the worst boy, who has made me have no other way. Maybe before tomorrow morning he will throw a stone at you, or do a bad thing you will never imagine." To Hill's surprise, his stepmother went up to him with a smile, held up his head and looked at him carefully. She then turned around to tell her husband, "You're wrong. He is not the worst boy in the entire shire, but the cleverest and most creative boy. Only he doesn't find a place to show himself." His stepmother's words warmed his heart, his eyes full of tears. Then he started building friendship with his stepmother. And this became the drive of his life, making him create 28 successful golden rules, which helped tens of thousands of ordinary people walk on the road to success. Before his stepmother came, no one praised him smart, and his father and neighbors considered him as a bad boy. However, his stepmother's words changed his life. When Hill was 14 years old, his stepmother bought him a used typewriter and said to him, "I believe you will become a writer." Hill accepted his stepmother's gift and expectation, and started writing things to a local newspaper. He understood his stepmother's strong feeling of interest in his family while he saw with his own eyes she had changed his family. Therefore, he would do as well as she expected him to. The strength from his stepmother made him a rich man and famous writer in the United States and one of the most important persons in the 20th century. Praise will never be unnecessary, especially for children. Sincere （真诚的） praise may be better than 10,000 bad words. （1） What did people think of Hill before the age of nine? A. lever. B. Creative. C. Unfriendly. D. Stupid. （2） Which of the following is WRONG about Hill? A. He accepted his stepmother's typewriter. B. He failed to do as he was expected. C. He started writing to a local newspaper. D. He understood his stepmother. （3） The writer is most probably an expert of _________. A. house building B. diet C. news writing D. education （4） The passage was written mainly to tell us that _________. A. children should be praised B. Hill's father married again C. Hill's stepmother was kind to him D. Hill's father was cruel to him 【答案】 （ 1） C （2） B （3） D （4） A 【解析】 【分析】大意 :一个在别人眼里是最坏的男孩的 Hill ，他继母的来临后，继母几句 表扬的话改变了聪明的一生，他继母的力量让他成为一名富人作家和美国最重要的人物， 作者以 Hill 事例向我们展示了表扬的重要性。 （1）推断题。根据 When he was small, Hill was a famous bad boy. 可知，他九岁之前，人们 认为他是一个出了名的坏小孩，可推出坏小孩一般对他人都是不友好的，故选 C。 （2）细节题。根据 started writing things to a local newspaper.and famous writer in the United States 可知， Hill 没有辜负继母的期望， B 选项与原文不符，故选 B。 （3）推断题。作者以 Hill 事例向我们展示了表扬的重要性，可推出作者应该是教育方面的 专家，故选 D。 （ 4）主旨题。作者以 Hill 事例向我们展示了表扬的重要性，故选 A。 【点评】考查阅读理解能力，细节题、推断题和主旨题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题 要从文中寻找答案；推断题需要根据上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文， 了解大意之后找出中心思想。 11． 阅读理解 Learn English in New Zealand Learn English in New Zealand at Language Schools New Zealand （LSNZ） . Our Christchurch and Queenstown schools in the South Island of NZ are the perfect places to learn English. What is your dream? Do you dream of speaking English very well? Do you dream of travel, making friends, a lifestyle using English? LSNZ will help you to achieve your dream! Language Schools New Zealand Christchurch and Queenstown are in the fascinating South Island of New Zealand. Both English schools are fully recognized （认证） by NZQA and are in beautiful NZ places. LSNZ offers many kinds of English courses including General English, Exam Preparation 9 Study & Ski and more. Our friendly hard-working staff have helped many students from all over the world achieve their dream of using English in their lives. We invite you too to become a member of the LSNZ family. Enroll （注册） now for a LSNZ English course—we promise your English will improve and offer 2 NZ schools with excellent teachers and small class sizes. ● General English ● IELTS ● Study & Ski ● Combo Course Cambridge, Toeic & Pitmans Exam preparation courses are also offered at both schools. （1） According to the text, Chrlstchurch and Queenstown schools ______. A. lie in the North Island B. are members of LSNZ C. own the perfect places to visit D. teach only local students （2） The text tells us that LSNZ ______. A. provides over four courses B. practices large-class teaching C. designs lots of exams D. has many teachers from abroad （3） Those who want to ______ will most probably be interested in this text. A. look for jobs at LSNZ B. build language schools C. improve their English D. learn about New Zealand 【答案】 （ 1） B （2） A （3） C 【解析】 【分析】主要讲了在 LSNZ 学习英语将帮助实现你的梦想及 LSNZ 课程。 （1）细节题。根据 Our Christchurch and Queenstown schools in the South Island of NZ are the perfect places to learn English. 可知 Christchurch 和 Queenstown 学校是 LSNZ 学习英语的好地 方，即是 LSZN 的成员，故选 B。 （ 2）细节题。根据 ● General English ● IELTS ● Study&Ski ● Combo● CourseCambridge,Toeic & Pitmans Exam preparation courses are also offered at both schools. 可知提供了 5 个课程，故选 A。 （3）细节题。根据 Enroll （注册） now for a LSNZ English course —we promise your English will improve 可知 LSNZ 许诺会提高学生们的英语，所以想提高英语的人对本文感兴趣，故 选 C。 【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。 12． 阅读理解 The main difference between China and Western countries on the dinner table is chopsticks instead of a knife and fork, but that's just a small difference. Besides, in decent （像样的） restaurants, you can always ask for a knife and fork, if you find the chopsticks not helpful enough. The real difference is that in the West, you have your own plate of food, while in China the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares. If you are being treated to a formal （正式的） dinner and particularly if the host thinks you're in the country for the first time, he will do his best to give you a taste of many different types of dishes. The meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes, followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes. Soup will then be served （ unless it is a Guangdong-style restaurant ） , followed by rice, noodles or dumplings. Perhaps one of the things that surprise a Western visitor most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food onto their guests' plates. In formal dinners, there are always "public" chopsticks and spoons for this purpose, but some hosts may use their own chopsticks. This is a sign of real friendship and politeness. It is always polite to eat the food. If you do not eat it, just leave the food on the plate. People in China tend to over-order food, for they will find it embarrassing （令人 尴尬的） if all the food is consumed （吃光） . When you have had enough, just say so, or you will always overeat! （1） What's the real difference between Chinese and Western table manners? A. The tools people use to eat. B. Whether people share food on the same plate. C. The things people like to eat. D. How to begin the dinner politely. （2） If a foreigner first comes to have dinner in a Chinese family, he may be _____. A. given little food B. served with rice first C. served with many dishes D. asked to use "public" chopsticks （3） Which of the following is the RIGHT order for most Chinese formal dinners according to the passage? （4） What's the best title for this passage? A. Having dinner with foreigners B. How to use chopsticks C. The importance of table manners D. Chinese table manners 【答案】 （ 1） B （2） C （3） C （4） D 【解析】 【分析】本文介绍了中西方的餐桌礼仪的区别。 （1）推理题。根据 The real difference is that in the West, you have your own plate of food, while in China the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares 真正的区别在于，在西 方，你有自己的盘子，而在中国，盘子放在桌子上，大家分享可知， 中西餐桌礼仪的真正 区别是人们是否在同一个盘子里分享食物，故选 B。 （2）细节题。根据 if the host thinks you're in the country for the first time, he will do his best to give you a taste of many different types of dishes 可知，如果主人认为你是第一次来到这个 国家，他会尽力让你尝到许多不同类型的菜肴，故选 C。 （3）细节题。根据 The meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes, followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes. Soup will then be served （ unless it is a Guangdong-style restaurant ） , followed by rice, noodles or dumplings. 这顿饭通常以一套至少四 道凉菜开始，然后是热肉和蔬菜的主菜。随后将提供汤（除非是广东风味餐厅），然后 是米饭、面条或饺子可知，中国正式晚餐的正确顺序是冷盘 -热肉 -汤-米饭，故选 C。 （ 4）主旨题。根本文介绍了中西方的餐桌礼仪的区别据可知 Chinese table manners 的标题，故选 D。 是合适 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找 答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后 找出中心思想。 13． 阅读理解 Sometimes I really doubt whether there is love between my parents. Every day they are very busy trying to make money for my schooling. One day, my mother was sewing a quilt （缝被子） .I silently sat beside her. "Mom, is there love between you and Dad? "I asked in a very low voice. With surprise in her eyes, she stopped her work for a while. Then she said, "Susan, look at this thread （线） .It can hardly be seen, but it's really there. It makes the quilt strong. If life is a quilt, love should be a thread. Love is inside." I couldn't understand her until the next spring. At that time, my father suddenly got sick seriously. My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month. After they were back, my mother helped my father walk slowly on the country road every day. They were so kind to each other and it seemed they were the happiest couple. After two months my father still couldn't walk by himself. "Dad, how are you feeling now? "I asked him one day. "Susan, don't worry about me, "he said. "I just like walking with your mom. I like this kind of life." Reading his eyes, I knew he loves my mother deeply. Now I understand that love is just a thread in the quilt of our life. Love is inside, making life strong and warm. （1） Susan's father stayed in hospital for _________. A. one day B. one month C. two months （2） Susan came to understand her mother _________. A. while her mother was sewing a quilt B. before her father was in hospital C. when she was sitting beside her mother D. after her father was seriously sick （3） What can we know from the passage? A. Susan's father is very lazy. B. Susan's mother is a nurse. C. Susan's parents love each other. D. Susan doesn't like her father. （4） Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A. How to make a quilt strong B. Love is just a thread C. Walking on the country road D. A seriously sick father D. three months 【答案】 （ 1） B （2） D （3） C （4） B 【解析】 【分析】文章大意：作者通过讲述妈妈缝被子的事，明白了爱只是我们生活被子 里的一根线。爱是内在的，让生活变得坚强和温暖。 （ 1）细节理解题，根据 My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month. 可知 爸爸在医院待了一个月，故答案是 B。 （2）细节理解题，根据 I couldn't understand her until the next spring. At that time, my father suddenly got sick seriously. My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month. 可知，当爸爸生了重病时，作者才理解了她的妈妈，故答案是 C。 （ 3）逻辑推理题，根据 I just like walking with your mom. I like this kind of life. 可知作者 的父母是彼此相爱的，故答案是 C。 （4）标题判断题，根据 Now I understand that love is just a thread in the quilt of our life. 可知文章的标题是：爱就是一条线，故答案是 B。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、逻辑推理题和标题判断题几种常考题型，细节 题要注意从文中寻找答案；逻辑推理题需要联系上下文，按照一定的逻辑推理方式推断出 需要的信息；标题判断题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想，最后凝练句式获取 答案。 14． 阅读理解 Bike-sharing has swept across China, with an increasing number of people choosing bike riding instead of driving. The bike that the service company provides has GPS or Bluetooth on it, and those bikes can be easily unlocked with a smartphone and left anywhere in public. Bike- sharing allows people to borrow a bike from one place and return it at another place easily. In some cities, we can see more and more people riding this kind of sharing-bikes. It's very convenient to use the bikes if you have a smartphone. First, you have to download such an app on your smartphone. Then what you need to do is find a nearest hike through the app, scan the QR code on the bike or connect your phone with the bike over a Bluetooth wireless connection. You will find the bike can be unlocked itself. Then you can enjoy your trip. What's more, the greatest advantage of hike- sharing is that you can easily find one and never worry about where to park it. The cost of riding depends on the time that you spend. Normally, every hour you ride, you need to pay one yuan. It doesn't cost so much, does it? At the same time, some people park the hikes in their own homes. Besides, some people don't value the bikes. Now service companies are trying to solve the problems like being stolen. Technology and science have changed our social lifestyles. We have to say bike- sharing brings us more convenience without doubt. And we also hope that people can not only enjoy it but also put it to good use. （1） From the first paragraph, we know ______. （2） II you want to use a sharing-bike, you must _________ first. （3） Which of the following is NOT mentioned in this passage? （4） The passage probably comes from a ________. A. science textbook B. tourist guide C. website news report D. restaurant menu 【答案】 （ 1） B （2） A （3） D （4） C 【解析】 【分析】本文是讲述了共享单车在中国越来越受欢迎。如果想使用共享单车，必 须要有一个智能手机并下载一个应用程序。它使用起来非常方便，而且价格也很便宜。但 是现在有的人不爱惜自行车，到处乱放，还有自行车被偷盗现象，服务公司正试图解决这个 问题。毫无疑问自行车共享给我们的出行带来了更多的便利，我们要很好地利用它。 （1）推理题。根据 Bike-sharing allows people to borrow a bike from one place and return it at another place easily 自行车共享让人们可以很容易地从一个地方借自行车，然 后在另一个地方归还， 可知 一些人使用共享自行车 ， 故选 B。 （ 2）细节题。根据文中句子 “ It's very convenient to use the bikes if you have a smart phone. First, you have to download such an APP on your smart phone. （如果你有智能”手机，使用自 行车非常方便。首先，你必须在智能手机上下载这样的应用程序。）可知，如果你想使用 共享单车，你必须先有一个智能手机并下载一个应用程序，故选 A。 （ 3）细节题。根据文中句子 “ Thebike that the service company provides has GPS or Bluetooth on it. And those bikes can be easily unlocked with a smart phone and left anywhere in public. 可”知，共享单车很容易解锁；根据 “ Now service companies are trying to solve the problem like being stol en. ”可知，共享自行车可能会被盗；根据 “ The cost of riding depends on the time that you spend. Normally, every hour you ride, you need to pay one yuan. It doesn't cost so much, does it? 可知”，使用共享单车比较便宜； Bike-sharing is a kind of green transport ， 自行车共享是一种绿色交通工具，文章没有提及，故选 D。 （ 4）推理题。 A 科学教科 ，B 旅游指南， C 网站新闻报道，D 餐馆菜单 ， 根据本文是讲 述了共享单车在中国越来越受欢迎。如果想使用共享单车，必须要有一个智能手机并下载 一个应用程序，可知短文来自 网站新闻报道 ， 故选 C。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断 题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。 15． 阅读理解 Have you noticed your life becoming a little easier? Now, when you go to a certain shopping mall, you can enjoy its free Wi-Fi there. When you want to take a taxi, you can book one with your phone. In fact, all these can be seen as the basic parts of a smart city. The idea of a smart city was brought up by US company IBM in 2010. Generally, a smart city is a city that uses digital technologies such as the Internet to improve city planning, save money and resources, and make our life convenient. How smart can a city be? Here are great examples that we can learn from. In 2009, Dubuque became the first smart city in the US. The city used smart water meters to take the place of traditional water me tens. They can detect （探测） water waste and leakage （泄 漏） and send data to let the house owner know. The same system is used for other city resources like electricity and natural gas. In this way, people know how they use their resources and are glad to help reduce waste. Santander in Spain also gives us a look at the future. If people point a phone toward a nearby bus stop, the phone immediately shows all bus lines that serve the stop as well as their arrival times. The government organized a research team and provided an App （应用程序） that collects data on almost everything: light, temperature, and the movements of cars and people. Opening the App near a supermarket provides immediate information on special offers. （1） The underlined word "convenient" is closest in meaning to "______". A. useful B. normal C. suitable D. easy （2） Compared with traditional water meters, smart water meters do better in ______. A. cleaning water B. supplying water C. saving water D. producing water （3） The example of Santander shows the use of smart systems in aspects （方面） EXCEPT ______. A. business B. health care C. traffic controlling D. public transportation （4） What's the main idea of the passage? A. Digital technologies help improve city planning. B. Smart cities will make our future life better and smarter. C. Smart cities are very common in both Dubuque and Santander. D. Spain and the US take the leading position in building smart cities. 【答案】 （ 1） D （2） C （3） B （4） B 【解析】 【分析】文章大意：文章主要对智能城市进行了基本介绍，又通过迪比克和桑坦 德的例子介绍了智能城市为生活所带来的便捷。 （1）猜测词句题。由语句 Generally, a small city is a city that uses digital technologies such as the Internet to improve city planning, save money and resources 可知，总的来说，小城市就是使 用数码科技例如互联网去提高城市计划，节省金钱和资源。由此可推知，节省金钱、能 源，可以使我们的生活更加轻松便捷。 easy 意为 “轻松的 ”，符合题意。 useful 意为 “有用 的”， normal 意为 “普通的 ”， suitable 意为 “适合的 ”，均不符合题意。故正确答案为 D。 （2）细节理解题。由文中语句 This way, people know they use their resources and are glad to help reduce waste 可知，通过这种方式，人们就可以知道他们使用的资源并愿意减少资源 的浪费。由此可知，智能水表可以在节约水资源方面做的比传统水表更好。 save water 意 为“节约水资源 ”，符合题意。故正确答案为 C。 （3）细节理解题。 A 项，由第四段第四句 Opening the App near a supermarket provides immediate information on special offers 可知，在超市旁边打开这个应用程序，可以马上推送 特价商品的信息。由此可推知，智能系统在商业（ business）中有所应用。 B 项， health care 意为 “健康管理 ”，文章没有提及。 C 项，由第四段第二句 If people point a phone toward a nearby bus stop, the phone immediately shows all bus lines that sever the stop as well as their arrival times 可知，如果人们用手机指向一个附近的公交车站，手机就会马上展示出所有的 会在这站停的公交车路线。由此可推知，智能系统在交通控制（ traffic controlling ）方面有 所应用。 D 项，由第四段第二句 If people point a phone toward a nearby bus stop, the phone immediately shows all bus lines that sever the stop as well as their arrival times 可知，如果人们用 手机指向一个附近的公交车站，手机就会马上展示出所有的会在这站停的公交车路线。 由此可推知，智能系统在公共交通（ public transportation ）方面有所应用。故正确答案为 B。 （ 4）主旨归纳题。 A 项，意为 “电子科技帮助提升了城市规划 ”，只在第一段中有所提及。 故 A 项错误。 B 项，意为 “智能城市使我们未来的生活更好更智能 ”，文章主要对智能城市进 行了基本介绍，又通过迪比克和桑坦德的例子介绍了智能城市为生活所带来的便捷。故 B 项正确。 C 项，意为 “智能城市在迪比克和桑坦德非常普遍 ”，文章第三段和第四段主要介 绍了智能应用在两座城市中的应用，并没有提到普及型。故 C 项错误。 D 项，意为 “西班牙 和美国在建设智能城市方面处于领导地位 ”，文章提到美国的迪比克是第一个智能城市，西 班牙也采用了智能城市，但是并没有提到领导地位。故 D 项错误。故正确答案为 B。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意 从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了 解大意之后找出中心思想。