2020-2021年英语中考英语阅读理解专题试题

2020-2021 年英语中考英语阅读理解专题 1 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Radio and television are very popular in the world today. Millions of people watch TV. Perhaps more people listen to the radio. The TV, of course, is more useful than the radio. On TV you can see and hear what is happening in the world. Now the radio is not disappearing. It's still with us. And the number of listeners is becoming larger. One reason for this is the invention of the transistor （晶体管） radio. The transistor radio is sometimes very small. It is very easy to carry. You can put one in your pocket and listen to it on the bus when you go to work. It is better for blind people. Many old people don't have good sight （视力） to watch TV. When people are working ， they can't watch TV but they can listen to music or news over the radio. What's more ， the radio is much cheaper than the TV. （1） After the television was invented ， people ____. A. think it is unnecessary to use the radio B. don't want to use the radio any more C. are still using the radio D. find the radio is disappearing （2） One of the reasons for the larger number of listeners of the radio is that ____. A. the TV was invented B. the transistor radio was invented C. people don't like watching TV D. millions of people watch TV （3） ____ listen to the radio more because their sight isn't good enough. A. Children B. Young people C. Old people D. Adults （4） Usually ____ can be used easily while people are moving or working. A. the radio B. the TV C. both the TV and the radio D. neither the radio nor the TV 【答案】 （ 1） C （2） B （3） C （4） A 【解析】 【分析】大意：本文讲述收音机和电视机在世界上的很受欢迎，电视与收音机 比，电视更有用，然而收音机由于体积小便宜，便于携带，听众也越来越多，深受老年人 喜爱。 （1）细节题。根据 Perhaps more people listen to the radio. 可知，电视发明后，人们依然使用 收音机，故选 C。 （ 2）细节题。根据 One reason for this is the invention of the transistor （晶体管） radio. 可 知，收音机听众的数量更多其中一个原因是晶体管收音机被发明，故选 B。 （ 3）推断题。根据 Many old people don't have good sight （视力） to watch TV. 可知，老年 人由于视力不好听广播的人更多，故选 C。 （4）细节题。根据 When people are working ， they can't watch TV but they can listen to music or news over the radio. 可知，通常人们移动或者工作时可以听收音机，故选 A。 【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题和推断题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题需要从文中寻 找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。 2．阅读理解 Wonder what it is like to be a chef out. Two local chefs, Monica Sallier restaurants this Saturday. （厨师） ? This weekend you will have your chance to find and Andrew Gleason, will hold an "open kitchen" at their Monica's restaurant, The Blue Hen, is small but comfortable. Wooden tables and chairs cover the dining area, and sweet music is always on. "I like to laugh and always tell jokes while I cook," Monica said. "Cooking brings people together. The cooks who work with me have become my best friends." At Monica's "open kitchen", she plans to teach her guests how to prepare country- style fried chicken. For it, she will use her family's secret spice （香料） . She learned how to make it from her father. Monica seldom uses a measuring cup （量杯） when cooking. By doing so, she hopes to offer her guests a special dining experience. "If you come to my restaurant, you'll never get the same dish twice, "she said. Also opening his kitchen this Saturday in Shreveport is Andrew Gleason. He is the head chef at Quarter Bistro. "I am not the most talkative chef in the business," Andrew said. "Mostly because I prefer to give my full attention to the food. Every ingredient （食材） must be carefully measured. " Andrew's food also makes the dining experience special. He makes every dish look like a piece of art. At his "open kitchen", Andrew plans to teach his visitors how to prepare blackened catfish, a dish of his that has won much praise throughout the city. （1） While Monica is cooking, she ____. A. is never quiet B. seldom uses spice C. sometimes sits on a wooden chair D. always listens to her favorite songs （2） At Andrew's "open kitchen", he will ____. A. invite Monica to try his dish B. work with another head chef C. tell lots of jokes while cooking D. cook one much-praised dish （3） What do Monica and Andrew have in common? A. They work in the same restaurant. B. They both like using measuring cups. C. They graduated from the same cooking school. D. They both let guests have a special dining experience. （4） The passage is probably from ____. A. a city newspaper B. a restaurant notice C. a cookbook D. a chef's diary 【答案】 （ 1） A （2） D （3） D （4） A 【解析】 【分析】本文讲述本周六，两位当地厨师莫妮卡 ·萨利尔和安德鲁·格里森将在他们 的餐厅举行开放式厨房活动。 （ 1）推理题。根据 I like to laugh and always tell jokes while I cook 我喜欢笑，做饭时总 是讲笑话 可知 莫妮卡做饭时，她从不安静 ， 故选 A。 （2）细节题。根据 Andrew plans to teach his visitors how to prepare blackened catfish, a dish of his that has won much praise throughout the city 安德鲁计划教他的游客如何准 备熏制鲶鱼，这是他的一道菜，在全城广受好评 可知 在安德鲁的 “开放式厨房 ”，他会做一 道备受称赞的菜 ， 故选 D。 （ 3）推理题。根据 she hopes to offer her guests a special dining experience 她希望为客人提 供一种特殊的用餐体验和 Andrew's food also makes the dining experience special 安德鲁的食 物也让用餐体验与众不同可知， 莫妮卡和安德鲁的共同点是他们都让客人有一个特殊的用 餐体验 ， 故选 D。 （ 4）推理题。根据本文讲述本周六，两位当地厨师莫妮卡 ·萨利尔和安德鲁 ·格里森将在他 们的餐厅举行开放式厨房活动，可知这是新闻报道，故本文来自城市报纸，故选 A。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断 题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。 3．根据短文内容选择正确答案。 C Grace, usually known as the Home of Microsoft, is inside an office building in Redmond, Washington. Once you come into the building, you will feel that you're in a modern and future home. When you enter the building, Grace's voice, coming from a hidden speaker, tells you your messages. In the kitchen, you set a bag of flour （面粉） on a flat stone table. Grace sees what you're doing and makes a menu of flour-based foods on the table. Once you choose one, Grace gives you ingredients （配料） . There's also a notice board in the kitchen made of （智能“的 intelligent）cloh ” that works like a touch screen computer. You can deal with postcards and invitations and surf the net with the touch of a finger. The invitations could be encoded （编码） . You can deal with them on the computer. It's part of Microsoft's Smart Personal Objects Technology, whose aim is to make every object more efficient （有效率的） . “ The day when your house becomes a member of your family is not far, ” says Pam Heath, a manager of Microsoft. At the Andersen Windows Company, Jay Libby imagines that windows made of intelligent glass can be changed into TVs. “ Nobody wants a television set, ” says Libby. “ What you want is the service it provides. TV isn't improved, it will disappear in the future. Home entertainment is one consideration for the future. At the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, scientists are designing systems that will allow old people to live better on their own. So Grandma's home can be cleverly designed to recognize （识别） her ways of waking, sleeping and movement. Family members will be told any change by their computers. （1） We can know from the passage that Grace _________. A. is an idea known as the Microsoft Home B. is a machine that works like a TV C. can understand what its master does D. can cook meals for its master （2） According to the passage, all the following are true EXCEPT________. A. Grace can help you in the kitchen B. you can use the computer with a touch screen C. windows will take the place of TV sets in the near future D. TV technology needs improving （3） It can be inferred （推断） from the passage that ________. A. the building in the future will be intelligent B. your windows will be changed into TVs C. few people will like watching TV in the future D. all the old people will live without others ’ help （4） Which would be the best title for the text? A. Modern Home B. Popular Home C. Future Home D. Smart Home 【答案】 （ 1） C （2） C （3） A （4） D 【解析】 【分析】你走进厨房， Grace 会告诉你相关的留言，你看见面粉， Grace 会给你提 供面食的菜单，你选择一个菜单， Grace 会给你相关的配料，这些都是智能家庭给我们带 来的便利，高效。在未来智能家庭还会提供更多更便利的科技，计算机正改变着我们的生 活。 （1）推理判断。根据第一段的描述和第二段 tells you your messages 告诉你信息； makes a menu of flour-based foods on the table 制定面食菜单； gives you ingredients 给你配料等，可 知 Grace 应该是一台家庭智能机器，它会看懂你做的事情，并提供必要的帮助，故选 C。 （ 2）推理判断。根据第二段在厨房的活动可知 A 是对的；根据第二段 that works like a touch screen computer 和 You can deal with them on the computer 可知 B 是对的；根据第三 段 windows made of intelligent glass can be changed into TVs 用智能玻璃做成的 Windows 可以 变成电视，并没有要取代电视的意思，故 C 是错误的；根据第四段 If the TV isn ’t improved, it will disappear in the future 可知如果电视没有改进，它在将来会消失，故 D 也是对的。因 此选 C。 （3）推理判断。根据最后一段 Home entertainment is one consideration for the future 和 scientists are designing systems that will allow old people to live better on their own 可知科学家 们正努力使未来的建筑智能化。故选 A。 （4）主旨大意。根据本文举到的例子 “智能厨房 ”可知，未来的家庭智能化必将是一种趋 势。故选 D.智能家庭。 【点评】阅读理解考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键 词，在文章中寻找答案。 4．阅读理解 One day, when I arrived at school, an ice cream truck was parked in the schoolyard. Ice cream men usually drove their trucks to primary schools. I had never thought one ice cream truck would come to bring ice cream to us older kids. When I went up to the truck, I was quite surprised to hear the man call out, "Free ice cream!" To make sure of his words, I asked, "I'm sorry. What did you say?"" Free ice cream. Choose whichever you like," he said, smiling. After I was certain that the man was just giving away the ice cream, I talked with him for a long time. He told me that his dream was to travel around, giving away ice cream, and that's what he was now doing. With his mother's support, he kept doing what he loved even during hard times. Now, some large companies were helping him with his plan. The man said he wanted to encourage people to do exactly what their hearts told them to do during their lives. I kept asking him, "So your dream was just to drive around and give away ice cream? It seems like a very unusual goal." "Yes, just meeting people and making them smile," he replied. At that point he handed me my ice cream. I thanked him, but what I got from him was much more than just ice cream. It can't easily be expressed in words. I believe what he was doing is exactly what great people do all the time: small acts of big love. （1） From the story we know that the writer was most probably at that time. A. a middle school student B. a primary school student C. a middle school teacher D. a primary school teacher （2） Why did the writer ask the ice cream man to say what he had said again ？ A. Because he was not sure whether what he had heard was true. B. Because the ice cream truck had never been here. C. Because the ice cream man said in a low voice. D. Because his hearing was very poor. （3） With his mother's help and some large companies' support, . A. the man became rich B. the man could produce ice cream C. the man could drive D. the man realized his dream （4） What's the best title for this story ？ A. A great man B. Small acts of big love C. A kind of charity D. My dream 【答案】 （ 1） A （2） A （3） D （4） B 【解析】 【分析】文章大意：通过作者在上中学免费领取冰淇淋的事，给我们讲述了一个 大道理：小行动大爱。 （1）逻辑推理题，根据 Ice cream men usually drove their trucks to primary schools. I had never thought one ice cream truck would come to bring ice cream to us older kids. 可知作者是一个中学生，故答案是 A。 （2）细节理解题，根据 When I went up to the truck, I was quite surprised to hear the man call out, "Free ice cream!" To make sure of his words, I asked, "I'm sorry. What did you say?" 可知，作者对于卖冰淇淋人的活不太相信，故答案是 A。 （3）细节理解题，根据 With his mother's support, he kept doing what he loved even during hard times. Now, some large companies were helping him with his plan.可知，在妈妈的帮助 下，作者实现了自己的梦想，故答案是 D。 （4）标题判断题，根据 I believe what he was doing is exactly what great people do all the time: small acts of big love. 可知本文的标题应该是：小行动大爱，故答案是 B。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、逻辑推理题和标题判断题。细节理解题可 以直接从文中寻找答案；逻辑推理题需要结合具体语境，有已知内容推出未知的可能的事 实；标题判断题需要在充分理解文章的基础上归纳文章中心，凝练句式得出结论。 5．阅读理解 I felt very sad not to be able to get the ticket to the film Titanic last Friday. I learned in the newspaper that tickets could be bought at the cinema box office in Richland Hills every day between 10 ： 00 a.m. and 4 ： 00 p.m. Because I work from 9 ： 00 a.m.to 5 ： 30 p.m., the only time I could go to the cinema was during my 45-minute lunch time. It is a pity that the cinema is on the other side of the town, and the bus service between my office and Richland Hills is not very good. But if you are lucky, you can make the round （往返） trip in 45 minutes. Last Monday I stood at the bus stop for fifteen minutes, waiting for a bus. By the time I saw one coming around the corner, there was not enough time left to make the trip-so I had to go back to the office. The same thing happened on Wednesday. On Thursday my luck changed, I got on a bus right away and arrived at the cinema in twenty minutes. But when I got there, I found a long line of people at the box office. I heard one man say he had been waiting in line for fifty-five minutes. I found that I would not have enough time to wait in line. I caught the next bus and went back across the town. Then on Friday I understood my only hope was to make the trip by car. It was not cheap, but I felt it would be worthwhile to see the film. The trip by car only took 10 minutes, but it felt like one hour to me. When I reached the cinema, I was delighted to see that nobody was waiting in line. But I quickly found out that it was because they had already sold out all the tickets. （1） It seems that the writer of the story works . A. in a small town B. in Richland Hills C. on a farm near the town D. at a bus service centre （2） The writer tried to go to the cinema to buy a ticket, but he really go there . A. five times B. four times C. three times D. twice （3） The underlined word "delighted" means" ". A. sure B. sorry C. surprised D. pleased （4） What's the best title for the story ？ C. A wonderful film D. The way to the cinema 【答案】 （ 1） A （2） D （3） D （4） B 【解析】 【分析】主要讲了作者坐公交车去城镇买电影票时发现票已经全部卖完。 （ 1）细节题。根据 It is a pity that the cinema is on the other side of the town 可知遗憾的是 电影院在城镇的另一边，所以作者在一个小城镇工作，故选 A。 （2）细节题。根据 The same thing happened on Wednesday. On Thursday my luck changed, I got on a bus right away and arrived at the cinema in twenty minutes. 星期三也发生了同样的事 情。星期四我的运气变了，我马上上了公共汽车，二十分钟后到了电影院，所以作者去了 两次，故选 D。 （ 3）推断题。根据 nobody was waiting in line 可知没人排队买票，所以作者是高兴的， delighted 意思是高兴的，即 pleased，故选 D。 （4）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了作者坐公交车去城镇买电影票时发现票已经全部卖 完，故选 B。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意 从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了 解大意之后找出中心思想。 6．阅读理解 Almost every Chinese can recite the famous poem, "Every grain on the plate comes from hard work （谁知盘中餐 , 粒粒皆辛苦） ."But sadly, many of us don't actually get the real meaning of these lines：Don't waste food. A CCTV programme, News One Plus One, reported that the food Chinese people throw away every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year. Do we have too much food? No, according to the UN World Food Programme, there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2010, especially in developing countries.6 million children die of hunger every year. Chinese people are well-known for being generous. Many even feel that they will lose face if their guests have eaten all the food on the table. Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food. In November, 2011, Li Hong, a waitress in a restaurant in Nanjing, became famous because she took some leftover （剩 余的） food home for her son. Many people stood by her side and agreed that it was not right to waste food. What should we do in our daily lives to save food? Here are some tips ： Do not order too much in a restaurant. Only order what you want to eat. If you cannot eat all the food you ordered, take the rest of it home. Don't be too picky （挑剔的） about food. Some food may not taste great, but your body needs it. Keep an eye on what food you have at home. Don't buy too much, especially vegetables and fruit. （1） According to News One Plus One, Chinese people . A. save enough food to feed 200 million people for a year B. throw away lots of food every year C. get enough food to feed millions of people every year D. have to feed 200 million hungry people every year （2） In the third paragraph, we know that . A. we have too much food to feed people in the world B. there were 925 million people in developing countries C. because of hunger, 6 million children die every year D. there are only a few people getting hungry every year （3） From the fourth and fifth paragraphs, we can conclude （得出结论） that A. all Chinese people are generous B. Chinese people always waste food C. Li Hong became famous because she wasted food D. everyone should get into the habit of saving food . （4） What's the main topic of the passage? A. Don't waste food. B. Many people die of hunger. C. Don't be picky about food. D. Eat all the food you order. 【答案】 （ 1） B （2） C （3） D （4） A 【解析】 【分析】主要讲了许多人现在已经意识到节约食物食的重要性及在日常生活中节 约食物的方式。 （1）细节题。根据 A CCTV programme, News One Plus One, reported that the food Chinese people throw away every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year. 可知央视节目《新 闻一加一》报道说，中国人每年扔掉的食物足以养活一年 2 亿人，即中国人每年扔掉许多 食物，故选 B。 （2）细节题。根据 there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2010, especially in developing countries.6 million children die of hunger every year. 可知 2010 年，全世界有 9.25 亿饥饿人口，特别是发展中国家，每年有 600 万儿童死于饥饿。故选 C。 （3）推断题。根据 Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food. 可 知人们已经意识到节约食物的重要性，所以每个人应该养成节约食物的习惯，故选 D。 （ 4）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了许多人现在已经意识到节约食物食的重要性及在日 常生活中节约食物的方式。即不要浪费食物，故选 A。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意 从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了 解大意之后找出中心思想。 7．阅读理解 On 26 February, I got an email from my friend David, asking me to go to Tanzania to train their software engineers. The company is located in Dares Salam, a beautiful coastal city to the west of the Indian Ocean. I stayed for about two weeks in that city last time I was there. During my stay there, David took me to the nearby beach and we had a wonderful walk along the coast which had left a deep impression on me. I was impressed by the ocean water and the deep blue sky. After more than 19 hours of air travel, I was finally here at Dares Salaam Airport. The temperature here was high as usual- over 30 degrees. I felt short of breath because of the unbearable heat in this tiny hall. When I finally got my turn, I handed my passport to the officer in front of me, He had a close look at my passport. Then he asked the purpose of my stay, I told him I just wanted to travel here. "Where do you want to visit?" he asked again. "Dares Salsam." "What's your job?" he asked. "I'm a software engineer. I will never forget this experience that I had. I still love this country. （1） Where did the writer go? A. New Zealand. B. Nepal. C. India. D. Tanzania. （2） The writer stayed in the city for about ______ last time. A. one week B. two weeks C. three weeks D. four weeks （3） The weather was ______ when the writer arrived at the airport. A. snowy B. foggy C. sunny D. windy （4） Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? （5） What's the best title for the passage? A. A famous company B. A trip to Tanzania C. Some customs in Tanzania D. A good friend of mine 【答案】 （ 1） D （2） B （3） C （4） D （5） B 【解析】 【分析】主要讲了作者受好朋友 David 的邀请去坦桑尼亚旅行。 （1）细节题。根据 On 26 February, I got an email from my friend David, asking me to go to Tanzania to train their software engineers.可知作者受好朋友 David 的邀请去坦桑尼亚旅行， 故选 D。 （ 2）细节题。根据 I stayed for about two weeks in that city last time I was there. 可知作者待 了大约 2 周，故选 B。 （ 3）细节题。根据 The temperature here was high as usual- over 30 degrees. 可知温度在 30 度以上，所以天气是晴朗的，故选 C。 （ 4）细节题。根据 I will never forget this experience that I had. I still love this country. 可知作 者从不忘记这次经验，仍然喜欢这个国家，所以作者喜欢这次旅行，故选 D。 （ 5）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了作者受好朋友 David 的邀请去坦桑尼亚旅行。故选 B。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和主旨题常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答 案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。 8．阅读理解 The word, "photography", was first used in 1839. It comes from the Greek words that mean "to write with light". But photography could only give people static pictures. So scientists were trying hard to find ways to make pictures that can move. They made lots of experiments, but failed again and again. It was Eadweard Muybridge who finally succeeded. He was the first photographer to try this successfully. But how did he make it? It was an interesting story. Back in 1872, people didn't know exactly（确切地） whether all four of a horse's hooves （蹄） left the ground at the same time when it was running. A gentleman called Leland Stanford made a bet with his friend about it. Most people believed that a horse always had one hoof on the ground, or it would fall over. But Stanford didn't think so. At that time, it was hard to know who could win the bet, because a horse's legs move so fast that it is impossible to tell just by looking. So they needed a way to record the movement of a running horse. Then Stanford offered $ 25,000 to the famous photographer, Muybridge, to help find the answer. In the beginning, Muybridge failed to get clear images, but he didn't give up. He continued to improve his cameras. In 1878, after many experiments, he managed to get a sequence（连续） of 12 photos. One of them clearly showed that all four of the horse's hooves were off the ground at the same time. And when the photos moved fast, people could see a horse running. Though Edison is usually considered as the person who created the first movie in 1889, it was the work of Eadweard Muybridge and the bet that led to Edison's invention. （1） The underlined word "static" in Paragraph 1 most probably means . A. pretty B. dark C. moving D. still （2） What did Leland Stanford make a bet with his friend about? A. Whose horse ran faster. B. Whether a horse would fall over while running. C. Whether it was possible for scientists to make moving pictures. D. Whether a horse's hooves all left the ground at the same time while running. （3） Muybridge finally found the exact answer to the bet in . A. 1839 B. 1872 C. 1878 D. 1889 （4） The passage mainly tells us . A. that Thomas Edison created the first movie B. that Eadweard Muybridge created the first static pictures C. how photography helped people know more about animals D. how Eadweard Muybridge got pictures of motion （移动） successfully 【答案】 （ 1） D （2） D （3） C （4） D 【解析】 【分析】大意：文章主要介绍了 Eadweard Muybridge 拍到移动的照片的故事。 （1）词义猜测题。根据下文 So scientists were trying hard to find ways to make pictures that can move. 所以科学家很努力地尝试找到让照片动起来的方法，可知以前的照片是静止的， static 意为 still 静“止的 ”。故选 D。 （ 2）细节理解题。根据第二段 Back in 1872, people didn't know exactly （确切地） whether all four of a horse's hooves （蹄） left the ground at the same time when it was running. 可知， Leland Stanford 和朋友打赌马在奔跑的时候是不是四只马蹄都离地。故选 D。 （3）细节理解题。根据第三段 In 1878, after many experiments, he managed to get a sequence（连续） of 12 photos. 可知，直到 1878 年， Muybridge ，才设法拍到连续的 12 张照片。故选 C。 （ 4）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了 Eadweard Muybridge 拍到移动的照片 的故事。故选 D。 【点评】考查阅读理解，首先快速浏览、分析问题，抓住关键词；其次带着问题通读全 文，了解文章大意，找到依据，确定答案；最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。 9．阅读理解 SAFETY RULES ON THE MTR TRAINS At the station: ?Be patient. Line up on the platform （站台） and wait for the train. ?Be polite. Let passengers get off first. ?Do not rush onto the train. It is dangerous. ?When you hear a "beep" sound, do not get on the train. The door is closing. Wait for another train. On the train: ?Do not eat or drink on the train. It makes the train dirty. ?Do not run on the train. ?Give your seat to old men or women, the disabled or women carrying babies. （1） The text is mainly about how to __________. A. be a careful driver B. buy MTR tickets C. be a good passenger D. keep safe at home （2） People who will get on the train should __________. A. wait in line B. open the door C. ask for help D. leave the seats （3） When you hear a "beep" sound, ____________. A. close the door B. rush onto the train C. get off the train at once D. stop and wait for the next train （4） The text is probably a __________. A. report B. notice C. diary D. poem 【答案】 （ 1） C （2） A （3） D （4） B 【解析】 【分析】文章介绍了地铁站的一些应遵守的规则。 （ 1）细节理解题。根据 SAFETY RULES ON THE MTR TRAINS 可知，本文主要告诉读 者如何成为一名乘客，故答案是 C。 （2）细节理解题。根据 Be patient. Line up on the platform （站台） and wait for the train. 可知，上火车应该排队等候，故答案是 A。 （3）细节理解题。根据 When you hear a "beep" sound, do not get on the train. The door is closing. Wait for another train. 可知，当你听到了警示声音，不能上车，要等下一 趟车，故答案是 D。 （4）主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，这是一则通告或者告示，告诉乘客有关乘车安全 事宜，故答案是 B。 【点评】考查阅读理解题，本文涉及到了细节理解题和和主旨大意题。细节理解题比较简 单，可知直接从文章中找到答案，主旨大意题则需要根据结合文章的主要内容确定中心意 思。 10． 阅读理解 Big data（数据） is lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program. The computer program looks for different kinds of answers or patterns in the data. Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources, such as information that comes from schools, social media sites（社交媒体网站） , companies and governments. One set of data can have people's names and addresses. Another set can have what they like, where they go to school, and how much time they spend on the computer. Big data can be used in many ways. The government uses it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains. This information is then used to make bus or train systems better. Some schools use big data to understand which children may need more help in class. The teacher can then give certain students more help or support so those students can succeed in school. Companies use big data, too. It helps them understand who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream. Big data can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby who is born too early will get sick. The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he, she does not get sick. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to break the law or hurt others, even if they have not done anything wrong. How can big data be used for good and bad things? It is because the computer programs used to look at big data and understand it are written by people. People think a certain way. Because they think a certain way, they build a model of those ideas. These ideas are then used to look at the data. Sometimes, these ideas are helpful for people or businesses. Other times, bad ideas can cause problems for certain groups of people. （1） This reading is about ______. （2） One company uses weather information to ______. A. help children in need B. know when people will visit the hospital C. find out who tides the bus or train D. understand when people will need ice cream （3） The main idea of Paragraph 3 is ____. （4） The overall tone （总基调） of this reading is _________. A. sad and personal B. personal and scientific C. informative but silly D. scientific and informative 【答案】 （ 1） A （2） D （3） C （4） D 【解析】 【分析】文章大意：这篇文章主要讲的是什么是大数据以及如何使用它。 （1）主旨大意题，根据文章第一段第一句 Big data （数据） is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program. 和第二段第一句 Big data can be used in many ways. 可知，大数据是将许多信息集合在一起，以便计算机程序使用，而且 大数据可以以多种方式使用。由此可知，这篇文章主要讲的是什么是大数据以及如何使用 它。故选Ａ。 （２）细节理解题，根据文章第二段最后一句 For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream. 可知，一家公司使用天气数据来查看人们什么时候 吃的冰激凌最多。故选Ｄ。 （３）段落大意题，根据文章第三段第一句 Big data can be used for good reasons. 和第四句 Big data can also be used for bad reasons. 可知，大数据既可以用于良性的改善救助，也可以 用于预防恶性的行为。故选 C。 （4）推理判断题，这篇文章主要讲的是什么是大数据以及如何使用它。而且文章使用了 很多例子，让读者更容易理解。整篇文章具有科学性且信息丰富，具有教育意义。故选 D。 【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及细节题、推断题、段落大意题和主旨题常考题型，细节 题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；段落大意题是通 读整段，找出主题句；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。 11． 阅读理解 This August, we'll welcome guests from all over the world. Some of them follow their own special cultural traditions. It's important for us to know about them. In many countries, such as Thailand, India and Malaysia, people believe that the left hand is unclean. So, it's not proper to use one's left hand to hold food, touch others or pass objects. Doing so may offend some guests. Some Westerners may be offended if you touch them or their personal things-even by accident. If this happens, say sorry politely. Some elderly Westerners may be offended if you try to help them without their agreement. People think numbers can be lucky or unlucky. Some Westerners avoid the number 13 because they believe it is unlucky. Muslims（穆斯林） do not eat pork, and words like pigs are not considered proper. People from Brazil, Italy and Pakistan do not give handkerchiefs （手帕） as gifts. They believe a handkerchief is closely connected with unhappy feelings. Wine is not sent as a gift in many parts of western and middle Asia, where most Muslims live. （1） Indians don't hold food with the left hand because they consider it _____. A. unclean B. useless C. valueless D. unimportant （2） The word "offend" in the second paragraph might mean"______". A. honor B. help C. hate D. hurt （3） Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? （4） What does the passage mainly talk about? A. lucky numbers. B. Traditional food. C. Culture differences. D. Hands and handkerchiefs. 【答案】 （ 1） A （2） D （3） C （4） C 【解析】 【分析】本文介绍了世界各地的独特的文化传统。 （1）细节题。根据 In many countries, such as Thailand, India and Malaysia, people believe that the left hand is unclean 可知， 印度人不会用左手拿食物，因为他们认为食物不干净， 故选 A。 （2）词义猜测题。根据 So, it's not proper to use one's left hand to hold food, touch others or pass objects 所以，用左手拿食物、触摸别人或传递物品是不合适的，可知 offend ，冒犯， 故是 hurt ，伤害的意思，故选 D。 （3）细节题。根据 Some Westerners avoid the number 13 because they believe it is unlucky 可知， 一些西方人认为数字 13 不吉利正确，故选 C。 （ 4）主旨题。根据本文介绍了世界各地的独特的文化传统，可知 Culture differences 文化 差异是合适的标题，故选 C。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，词义猜测题和主旨题四种常考题型，细节题要 注意从文中寻找答案，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通 读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。 12． 阅读理解 The main difference between China and Western countries on the dinner table is chopsticks instead of a knife and fork, but that's just a small difference. Besides, in decent （像样的） restaurants, you can always ask for a knife and fork, if you find the chopsticks not helpful enough. The real difference is that in the West, you have your own plate of food, while in China the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares. If you are being treated to a formal （正式的） dinner and particularly if the host thinks you're in the country for the first time, he will do his best to give you a taste of many different types of dishes. The meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes, followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes. Soup will then be served （ unless it is a Guangdong-style restaurant ） , followed by rice, noodles or dumplings. Perhaps one of the things that surprise a Western visitor most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food onto their guests' plates. In formal dinners, there are always "public" chopsticks and spoons for this purpose, but some hosts may use their own chopsticks. This is a sign of real friendship and politeness. It is always polite to eat the food. If you do not eat it, just leave the food on the plate. People in China tend to over-order food, for they will find it embarrassing （令人 尴尬的） if all the food is consumed （吃光） . When you have had enough, just say so, or you will always overeat! （1） What's the real difference between Chinese and Western table manners? A. The tools people use to eat. B. Whether people share food on the same plate. C. The things people like to eat. D. How to begin the dinner politely. （2） If a foreigner first comes to have dinner in a Chinese family, he may be _____. A. given little food B. served with rice first C. served with many dishes D. asked to use "public" chopsticks （3） Which of the following is the RIGHT order for most Chinese formal dinners according to the passage? A. Rice-soup-hot meat-cold dishes. B. Vegetable dishes-soup-dumplings-cold dishes. C. Cold dishes-hot meat-soup-rice. D. Cold dishes-soup-hot meat-rice. （4） What's the best title for this passage? A. Having dinner with foreigners B. How to use chopsticks C. The importance of table manners D. Chinese table manners 【答案】 （ 1） B （2） C （3） C （4） D 【解析】 【分析】本文介绍了中西方的餐桌礼仪的区别。 （1）推理题。根据 The real difference is that in the West, you have your own plate of food, while in China the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares 真正的区别在于，在西 方，你有自己的盘子，而在中国，盘子放在桌子上，大家分享可知， 中西餐桌礼仪的真正 区别是人们是否在同一个盘子里分享食物，故选 B。 （2）细节题。根据 if the host thinks you're in the country for the first time, he will do his best to give you a taste of many different types of dishes 可知，如果主人认为你是第一次来到这个 国家，他会尽力让你尝到许多不同类型的菜肴，故选 C。 （3）细节题。根据 The meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes, followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes. Soup will then be served （ unless it is a Guangdong-style restaurant ） , followed by rice, noodles or dumplings. 这顿饭通常以一套至少四 道凉菜开始，然后是热肉和蔬菜的主菜。随后将提供汤（除非是广东风味餐厅），然后 是米饭、面条或饺子可知，中国正式晚餐的正确顺序是冷盘 -热肉 -汤-米饭，故选 C。 （ 4）主旨题。根本文介绍了中西方的餐桌礼仪的区别据可知 Chinese table manners 的标题，故选 D。 是合适 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找 答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后 找出中心思想。 13． 阅读理解 Many scientists find that colors can change people's feelings. It's very interesting. Some colors can make people feel relaxed, and some colors can make people feel nervous. Now, this kind of knowledge is being used in many places. For example, school walls are always painted green because green makes students feel relaxed. It is also good for the students' eyes. Some books are also green or light blue for the same reason. Restaurant owners not only have to know how to make food, but also have to know how to make money. Here are some things they've learned from scientific studies. The color red makes people hungry. Many fast food restaurants have red furniture or walls. Soft colors like pink and light blue make people feel relaxed, so they spend more time eating. Loud music may be nice at first, but it soon makes people want to leave. Hard seats also make customers want to eat quickly and leave. Many restaurants, especially fast food restaurants, use this knowledge to make customers eat faster. （1） How does the color green make the students feel? A. Hungry. B. Nervous. C. Angry. D. Relaxed. （2） Which color isn't mentioned in this passage? A. Green. B. White. C. Light blue. D. Red. （3） What do many fast food restaurants do? ① Play loud music. ② Play soft music. ③ Have hard seats. ④ Paint their walls red. A. ①②③ B. ①③④ C. ①②④ D. ②③④ （4） What's the best title for this passage? A. Color and Restaurant C. Color and Science B. Use Color to Make Money D. Use Color to Change Feelings 【答案】 （ 1） D （2） B （3） B （4） D 【解析】 【分析】文章大意：这篇文章讲述的是颜色可以改变人们的感觉，不同的颜色给 人们不同的感觉，颜色现在被使用于各种场合。 （1）细节理解题。根据文章 For example ， school walls are always painted green because green makes students feel relaxed. 学校墙面粉刷成绿色，能够使学生很放松。故选 D （2）细节理解题。通读全文可知，文章中提到了绿色，红色，粉色，浅蓝，但是没有提 到白色。故选 B。 （3）细节理解题。根据文章可知，快餐店的老板他们会把墙面粉刷成红色，把音乐放的 很大，使用硬质椅子。这样人们就会吃饭吃的很快。而轻音乐会让人们放松，吃饭花费更 多的时间。故选 B。 （4）标题推断题。这篇文章主要讲的是颜色可以改变人们的感觉，不同的颜色给人们产 生不同的感觉。故选 D。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题和主旨题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住 关键词寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出主题句。 14． 阅读理解 I believe that we can have an important effect on anyone we meet. The right words at just the right time could change someone's life. When I was three years old, my parents discovered I was deaf. After asking many doctors and parents of other deaf children, they decided to put me in a normal school. On my first day in the school, the other kids made fun of me because of my hearing aid. And then I saw myself as an ugly kid. Mrs. Jordan, my teacher changed all of that with a simple three-word phrase. One morning, she asked the class a question. I read her lips （嘴唇） and raised my hand right away. She called me. I took a deep breath and nervously answered Mrs. Jordan's question. I will never forget what happened next. Mrs. Jordan pointed directly at me. With a big smile she cried, "That's right, Stephen! "For the first time in my young life, my confidence soared （剧增） .At that moment, I decided that no matter how many difficulties I may face, I can overcome （克服） them. Just from those three simple words, my life changed from that moment. When I was three years old, my parents discovered I was deaf. After asking many doctors and parents of other deaf children, they decided to put me in a normal school. On my first day in the school, the other kids made fun of me because of my hearing aid. And then I saw myself as an ugly kid. Mrs. Jordan, my teacher changed all of that with a simple three-word phrase. One morning, she asked the class a question. I read her lips （嘴唇） and raised my hand right away. She called me. I took a deep breath and nervously answered Mrs. Jordan's question. I will never forget what happened next. Mrs. Jordan pointed directly at me. With a big smile she cried, "That's right, Stephen!" For the first time in my young life, my confidence soared （剧 增） . At that moment, I decided that no matter how many difficulties I may face, I can overcome （克服） them. Just from those three simple words, my life changed from that moment. （1） The writer felt when he answered the question. A. excited B. happy C. afraid D. nervous （2） What is TRUE about the writer? （3） What did the writer want to tell us in the story? （4） What is the best title for the passage? A. We Should Be Confident B. Mrs. Jordan Is My Teacher C. The Words That Changed My Life D. The Deaf Boy Has a Good Chance 【答案】 （ 1） D （2） B （3） B （4） C 【解析】 【分析】文章大意：一个不自信的听力障碍孩子，因为老师的一句话改变了她的 生活。 （1）细节理解题，根据 I took a deep breath and nervously answered Mrs. Jordan's question. 可知，当作者回答问题的时候很紧张。故答案是 D。 （ 2）逻辑推理题，根据 For the first time in my young life, my confidence soared （剧增） 可 知，作者第一次增加了自信。可知原来是没有自信的。故答案是 B。 （ 3）细节理解题，根据 The right words at just the right time could change someone's life. 可 知，作者想告诉我们的是，正确的时间正确的语言可以改变一个人的生活。故答案是 B。 （ 4）标题判断题，文章主要讲述老师的一句话对作者的改变。故答案是 C。 【点评】考查阅读理解，本题涉及到了细节理解题，标题判断题，逻辑推理题三种题型，细 节理解题可以直接从文中找到答案，标题判断需要充分理解文章的意思，提炼中心，凝练句 式得到正确答案。逻辑推理题则需要根据关键句进行科学严谨的推理得出正确答案。 15． 阅读理解 Public holidays in the United States Dates Official Names Remarks January 1 New Year's It celebrates the beginning of the year. Festivities include Day counting down to midnight on the preceding night, New Year's Eve, even with fire-work display and party. Last Monday Memorial Day It honors the nation's war dead from the Civil War onwards, and marks the beginning of the summer season. July 4 Independence It celebrates the signing of the Declaration of Independence （独 Day 立宣言） from British rule, also called the Fourth Day of July. Firework celebrations are held in many cities throughout the nation. First Monday Labor Day It celebrates the achievements in September of workers and the labor movement ； marks the unofficial （非官 方的） end of the summer season. Second Columbus Day It honors Columbus, traditional discoverer of the Americas. In Monday in some areas it is Second, also a celebration of Italian culture. October （ Traditionally October 12） .In some states, it is celebrated as"Indigenous （土生土长的） People's Day"as a celebration of Fourth Thursday in November the Native Americans, not Columbus. Thanks-giving Traditionally it celebrates the giving of thanks for the autumn Day harvest. raditionally it includes the sharing of a turkey dinner. Traditional start of the Christmas and holiday season. （1） Memorial Day is . （2） Which day is to honor the discoverer of the Americas? A. Labor Day. B. Columbus Day. C. Thanksgiving Day. （3） Traditionally Thanksgiving Day is a day of thanking for A. parents B. god C. the autumn . D. Independence Day. D. the autumn harvest （4） Which holiday is in September? A. Memorial Day. B. Columbus Day. C. Labor Day. D. Independence Day. 【答案】 （ 1） C （2） B （3） D （4） C 【解析】 【分析】本文介绍了几个美国节日 。 （1）推理题。根据 Last Monday 和 and marks the beginning of the summer season. 可知纪念 日在 5 月份最后一个周一，故选 C。 （ 2）细节题。根据 It honors Columbus, traditional discoverer of the Americas. 可知哥伦布日 向美洲的发现者致敬，故选 B。 （ 3）细节题。根据 Traditionally it celebrates the giving of thanks for the autumn harvest. 可 知，传统上，它庆祝对秋收的感谢，故选 D。 （ 4）细节题。根据 First Monday in September 可知劳工节在九月的第一个星期一 ，故选 C。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断 题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。