Unit 5 Period 2 Important Language Points

  Unit 5　Nelson Mandela—a modern hero   Period 2　Important Language Points 整体设计 从容说课 This is the second teaching period of this unit. The teacher can first check the students’ homework and offer chances for the students to review what they learned during the first period. The emphasis of this period will be placed on the important new words, expressions and sentence patterns in the parts Warming up, Pre-reading, Reading and Comprehending. In order to make the students understand these important points thoroughly, we can first get the students to understand their meanings in the context, then give some explanations about them, later offer some exercises to make the students master their usages. Some words and expressions, such as fight, advise, accept, continue, active, lose heart, in trouble, in prison, as a matter of fact, etc. are very useful and important. So are the sentence patterns “Do you easily lose heart when you are in trouble? ”. . . only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. ”“. . . we were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government. ”, and so on. We ought to pay more attention to them and design special exercises. At the end of the class, the teacher can make the students do more exercises for consolidation. In doing so, they can learn, grasp and use these important language points well.  教学重点 1. Enable the students to grasp the usages of such important new words and expressions as fight, advise, accept, continue, active, lose heart, in trouble, in prison, as a matter of fact, etc. 2. Get the students to master the patterns:“. . . only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. ” and “. . . we were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government. ”  教学难点 1. Let the students learn the usage of the word “advise”. 2. Enable the students to master the usage of the pattern “. . . only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. ” and understand some difficult and long sentences.  教学方法 1. Discussing, summarizing and practicing 2. Cooperative learning  教具准备 The multimedia and other normal teaching tools Knowledge aims: 1. Get the students to learn and grasp the important new words and expressions:hero　quality　willing　active　republic　fight　peaceful　prison prisoner　period　law　advise?continue　fee　gold　youth　league　stage vote　position accept violence　equal　lose heart　in trouble　worry about　out of work　Youth League　as a matter of fact　blow up?put. . . in prison 2. Get the students to learn the following useful sentence patterns: 1)Do you easily lose heart when you are in trouble? 2)The time when I first met him was a very difficult period of my life. 3)As a matter of fact, I was worried about whether I would be out of work. 4)The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 5).. . only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 6)The parts of town where they lived were places decided by white people. Ability aims: 1. Enable the students to use some useful words and expressions correctly. 2. Enable the students to make sentences after the useful sentence patterns. Emotional aims: 1. Stimulate the students’ interest in learning English. 2. Develop the students’ spirit of cooperation and teamwork. 教学过程 设计方案（一） →Step 1 Revision 1. Check the homework exercises. 2. Ask some students to retell the reading passage Elias’ Story. →Step 2 Reading and finding Get the students to read the reading passage again to underline all the new words and useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Collocations:a poor black worker, South Africa, a very difficult period of one’s life, open a law firm, advise sb. on. . . , three kilometers away, pay the school fees, the bus fare, get a job, a gold mine, be worried about, out of work, one of the happiest days of one’s life, the ANC Youth League, as soon as one could, have almost no rights at all, grow food, in fact, break the law, with violence, as a matter of fact, blow up, put. . . in prison, be happy to do. . . , realize one’s dream  Read them aloud and copy them down in the exercise book after class. →Step 3 Discovering useful words and expressions Show the following form on the screen and allow the students several minutes to finish them. 1. Look at the reading passage again to find words and expressions that mean the same. Alternative expressions Words and expressions from the text group of people organized for a special purpose   feel hopeless   lose one’s job   brave man   in fact   have some difficult problems   be taken to prison   some time   be ready to   money paid for going to school   tell somebody what to do   go on   always doing new things   what people do in war   a yellow metal for making a ring   agree to take   go against a law   quiet and calm    2. Complete the following passage with some of the words or expressions above. When Elias lost his job and was______________, his wife was very unhappy. She knew this meant he was______________ when all she wanted was a______________ life with enough money every month. She tried to______________ him not to fight the government as she thought it was better to______________ that in South Africa black people were not as important as white people. But he was willing to______________ the fight and help Nelson Mandela with equal rights for black people. For a______________ of time she felt helpless and______________, but Elias encouraged her with stories of how good life would be when white and black people and played together. Explain the problems the students meet while checking the answers. Suggested answers: 1. Alternative expressions Words and expressions from the text group of people organized for a special purpose league feel hopeless lose heart lose one’s job out of work brave man hero in fact as a matter of fact have some difficult problems be in trouble be taken to prison be put in prison some time period be ready to willing money paid for going to school school fees tell somebody what to do advise go on continue always doing new things active what people do in war fight a yellow metal for making a ring gold agree to take accept go against a law break the law quiet and calm peaceful   [NextPage]   2:out of work; in trouble; peaceful; advise; accept; continue; period; lost heart →Step 4 Language Points 1. quality n. something typical of a person or material质量（不可数）；品质，性质（可数）；才能（可数） Quality is more than quantity. 质量比数量重要。 This new model is of high quality and is not expensive either. 这种新型号质量非常好, 而且也不贵。 2. willing adj. ready (to do sth. )愿意帮助的；乐于……的 Are you willing to help? 你愿意帮忙吗？ I’m willing to concede that I have hurt her, but that’s not my real intention. 我可以承认我是伤害了她, 但那并不是我的本意。 3. active adj. able or ready to take action 积极的；能起作用的 He is an active member of the club. 他是俱乐部的积极分子。 She is very active in school activities. 她积极参加学校的各种活动。 4. lose heart v. to become discouraged; to feel hopeless灰心；泄气；丧失信心 Don’t lose heart; you still have more chances. 别灰心，你还有更多的机会。 lose one’s heart to爱上, 喜欢 at heart从内心来说 heart and soul全心全意 break one’s heart心碎 put one’s heart into把全部心思放在 learn/know by heart记熟 5. in trouble in a situation that involves danger, punishment, pain, worry, etc. 有麻烦；处于困境中 The boy caused a lot of trouble to his parents; he was always in trouble. 这个男孩给他的父母招来很多麻烦，他甚为苦恼。 ask for/look for trouble找麻烦 make trouble制造麻烦 take trouble to do sth. 费心做某事 get into trouble遇到麻烦 have trouble (in)doing sth. 做某事有困难 save/spare trouble省事 Complete the following sentences. 1)He never comes except when he is______________ (有麻烦). 2)Don’t imagine that you’re the only person______________ (不幸). 3)The boy______________ (出事了)when he left home to live in London. 4)That’s none of your business. Please don’t______________ (找麻烦) 5)Students growing up from nursery school to college______________ (有困难)dealing with realities. 答案： 1)in trouble　2)in trouble　3) got into trouble 4)ask for/look for trouble?5)have trouble 6. fight vi. & vt. (fought, fought)struggle打仗；战斗；斗争 He and his wife are always fighting about who will take after the children. 他与他妻子总是在为由谁来照看孩子而吵架。 The boxer has fought many opponents. 这名拳击手已与许多对手交锋。 fight+n. 与……作战/打架 fight for为了……而战 fight against与……作战/斗争 fight with与……作战；与……并肩作战 fight about/over因……而争吵/打斗 fight back反击，还击；克制，忍住 fight a battle战斗 fight a fire救火 fight one’s way打/挤/杀出一条路 Complete the following sentences. 1)They told the workers to______________ their rights. 2)We will have to______________ difficulties. 3)If the enemy comes, we’ll______________　. 4)We had to______________ through the crowded streets. 答案： 1)fight for　2)fight against　3)fight back　4)fight our way 7. in prison在狱中；在坐牢 He was in prison for ten years. 他在狱中待了10年/他坐了十年牢。 go to prison入狱 put/sb. in prison把某人投入监狱 send sb. to prison把某人投入监狱 throw sb. into prison把某人投入监狱 be taken/sent to prison被关进监狱 Note：以上短语prison前不带冠词，若表示在监狱工作或去办事则需加冠词。 8. advise vt. give advice to sb. ; recommend 劝告，忠告；建议 The doctor advised (me to take)more exercise. 医生嘱咐我多加锻炼。 She advises the government on economic affairs. 她向政府提出经济方面的建议。 We advised that they should start early/them to start early. 我们建议他们及早开始。 Can you advise (me)what to do next? 你看（我）下一步怎么办？ advise+n. advise sb. to do advise doing. . . advise sb. on sth. advise+wh-+to do advise+that. . . (should))+do. . . 1)We are often advised______________ notes in class, but few do so. A. taking? B. take? C. to take? D. took 2)My sister advised me that I______________ accept the job. A. would? B. might? C. could? D. should 3)The old man often advised the young workers on______________ the machine and they learned quickly. A. to operate? B. how operate? C. how operating? D. how to operate 4)I advised______________ until the right time but they wouldn’t listen. A. to wait? B. waiting? C. waited? D. on wait 答案： 1)C　2)D　3)D　4)B 9. continue vt. & vi. (cause sth. to)go or move further继续；延续 They decided to continue their research. 他们决定继续他们的研究。 The fighting continued for a week. 这场战斗持续了一星期。 After that they continued to fight for their equal rights. 从那以后，他们继续为争取平等权利而斗争。 Anne continued setting down how she felt in her diary. 安妮继续在日记中记下她的感受。 Although he is over 90, he______________ very healthy. A. goes on?B. keeps on?C. carries on?D. continues 答案：D [NextPage]   10. accept vt. take (sth. offered)willingly接受 Tom accepted a present from his friend. 汤姆接受了朋友的礼物。 Please accept my apologies. 请接受我的歉意。 receive & accept: receive表示客观上的收到，不涉及主观上接受与否；accept表示主观上愿意接受。 I’ve received a gift from him, but I’m not going to accept it. 我收到了他送的礼物，但是我不准备接受。 11. choose vt. (chose, chosen)pick out or select; decide选择，挑选，选取；选定 Who did you choose as the new member of the construction committee? 你选谁当建设委员会的新委员? After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop. 过了一会儿，她选定了店里最贵重的一件衣服。 She chose to study chemistry. 她选择了学化学。 choose + n. ?选中；选定 choose from/between?从……选择 choose sb. as/for?选某人当…… choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. ?为某人选某物 cannot choose. . . but to do. . . ?只好做…… 1)Some people say that they______________ to live in the countryside. A. enjoy? B. feel like? C. choose? D. don’t 2)No doubt her husband could have told her, but he didn’t______________　. A. choose? B. choose to? C. choose from? D. choose to do 3)There are five pairs______________　, but I’m at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing 答案：1)C　2)B　3)B →Step 5 Sentence focus 1. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. 第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候是在我一生中非常艰难的时期。 句子中的when I first met Nelson Mandela是定语从句，修饰先行词the time。 I shall never forget the day when we first visited the beautiful island. 我永远也忘不了第一次参观那美丽小岛的日子。 He came at a time when we were badly in need of help. 正当我们急需帮助的时候，他来了。 2. The school where I studied only two years was three kilometers away. 我仅仅在那里读了两年的学校，有三千米远。 句子中的where I studied only two years是定语从句，修饰先行词the school。 There can be few streets in London where you cannot buy books. 在伦敦几乎没有哪条街是不能买到书的。 The room where my grandfather once lived is not far from here. 我祖父从前住的屋子离这儿不远。 3. Sadly I did not have this passbook because I was not born there and I was worried about whether I would be out of work. 遗憾的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心我会不会失业。 这是一个并列复合句。第一分句中的because I was not born there是原因状语从句；第二分句中的whether I would be out of work是宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。 短语be worried about的意思是“为……忧虑/担心/烦恼”。 I have been worried about your health these days. 这些天来，我一直在担心你的健康。 短语out of work的意思是“失业”。 What can I do if I am out of work? 我如果失业了该怎么办呢？ 4. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 这是一个比较复杂的复合句。句子的主干是The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws；stopping our rights and progress为现在分词作定语，修饰laws；until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all是时间状语从句，其中where we have almost no rights at all是定语从句，修饰a stage。 当先行词是stage, situation等词时，定语从句常用where, when或in which来引导。 At that time we had reached a stage where we had more black readers than white ones. 那时候我们已到了黑人读者比白人还要多的阶段。 Increasing poverty has led to a situation where the poorest openly admit that they cannot afford to have children. 日益严重的贫困处境使得最为贫穷的人们只得公开承认他们养不起孩子。 另外，动词see除了用来表示“看见”以外，还可表示“遇见”“会晤”“理解”“发觉”“经历”等。在本句中，它的意思是to be the time when (an event)happens; witness（某事）发生之时；目睹。 This year sees the hundredth anniversary of the composer’s death. 今年是那位作曲家逝世一百周年。 5. The parts of town where they lived were places decided by white people. 他们在城里的住宅区都是由白人决定的。 句子中的decided by white people是过去分词短语作定语，修饰places，其语法功能相当于定语从句which were decided by white people。 The book given to him is an English grammar. 给他的那本书是一本英语语法书。 Your letter dated September 10 has been received. 你9月10日发出的信已收到。 6. . . . we were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government. 我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么我们跟政府作斗争。 句子中的in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government是定语从句，修饰position，关系代词which用作介词in的宾语。通常介词既可以置于关系代词前，也可以置于定语从句中。但是，who和that不用在介词后面。 The official to whom we applied for a visa was very kind. 我们向他申请护照的那位官员非常友善。 He was respected by the people with whom he worked/He was respected by the people (whom/that/who)he worked with. 他受到与他一起工作的人的尊重。 7. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed. . . only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律；而当这种方式也得不到允许时，……只有到这个时候我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。 句子中的in a way which was peaceful 相当于in a peaceful way，which was peaceful是定语从句；only then did we decide to answer violence with violence是倒装结构。当only修饰副词或其他状语置于句首时，句子要部分倒装。 Only after the lesson did she discover that she had lost her handbag. 下了课她才发现自己丢了手提包。 Only recently have I thought of them. 直到最近我才想起他们。 Only when the war was over was he able to return home. 只有战争结束，他才能回家。 虽然only置于句首但所修饰的成分不是状语时，句子就不用倒装。 Only some of the children seemed to have understood it. 好像只有一部分孩子明白（这个道理）。 Only then______________　how much damage had been caused. A. had she realized B. she realized C. did she realize D. she had realized 答案：C [NextPage]   8. As a matter of fact, I do not like violence. . . but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings. 事实上，我并不喜欢暴力，……但是在1963年的时候我帮他炸毁了一些政府大楼。 句子中的短语as a matter of fact相当于in fact，意思是“事实上；实际上”，一般用作插入语；blow up意思是“爆炸；炸毁”。 They often say they are too busy, but as a matter of a fact, they have enough free time. 他们常说太忙，而事实上，他们有足够的时间。 The bomb blew up. 炸弹爆炸了。 They blew up the old bridge and then built a new one across the river. 他们炸毁了那座旧桥，然后在河上建了座新桥。 →Step 6 Workbook Do the exercises in Using words and expressions on Page 70.  →Step 7 Consolidation Show the exercises on the screen or give out exercise papers. 1. Translate the following phrases. 1)愿意做某事 2)在某方面活跃 3)灰心；泄气 4)担心；着急 5)失业 6)事实上 7)炸毁；爆炸 8)把某人关进监狱 2. Translate the following sentences. 1)我们将与村民们一起与污染作斗争。 2)爸爸建议我多读英语报纸。 3)别泄气，你会成功的。 4)我们应尽力阻止这种事再次发生。 5)我第一次听这首歌就喜欢上了。 6)只有那时，他才意识到自己错了。 7)她昨天没来上学的原因是她病了。 8)我永远不会忘记我见到曼德拉的那天。 First get the students to do the exercises. Then the answers are given. The teacher can give them explanations where necessary. Suggested answers: 1. 1)be willing to do. . . 2)be active in　3)lose heart　4)be worried about 5)out of work　6)as a matter of fact/in fact　7)blow up　8)put sb. in prison/throw sb. into prison/send sb. to prison 2. 1)We will fight with the villagers against pollution. 2)Father advised me to read more English newspapers. 3)Don’t lose heart, and you will succeed in time. 4)We should try to stop such a thing (from)happening again. 5)The first time I heard the song, I liked it. 6)Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 7)The reason for which/why he didn’t come to school is that he was ill. 8)I will never forget the day when I saw Mandela. →Step 8 Homework 1. Finish off the Workbook exercises. Write down Exercise 2 in the exercise book. 2. Learn the new words and expressions by heart. 设计方案（二） →Step 1 Revision 1. Check the homework exercises. 2. Ask some students to retell the reading passage Elias’ Story. →Step 2 Reading and finding Get the students to read the reading passage again to underline all the new words and useful expressions in the passage. →Step 3 Discovering useful words and expressions Do the exercises in Discovering useful words and expressions on Pages 27-28. Explain the problems the students meet while checking the answers. →Step 4 Language Points Explain to the students some important new words and useful expressions and do some related exercises. →Step 5 Sentence focus Explain to the students some difficult long sentences and the important language points in them. →Step 6 Workbook Do the exercises in Using words and expressions on Page 70. →Step 7 Consolidation Do some consolidation exercises. →Step 8 Homework 1. Finish off the Workbook exercises. Write down Exercise 2 in the exercise book. 2. Learn the new words and expressions by heart.   板书设计 Unit 5　Nelson Mandela—a modern hero Important Language Points Alternative expressions Words and expressions from the text group of people organized for a special purpose league feel hopeless lose heart lose one’s job out of work brave man hero in fact as a matter of fact have some difficult problems be in trouble be taken to prison be put in prison some time period be ready to willing money paid for going to school school fees tell somebody what to do advise go on continue always doing new things active what people do in war fight a yellow metal for making a ring gold agree to take accept go against a law break the law quiet and calm peaceful 活动与探究  Work in groups. Make a research into the racial discrimination in South Africa. First, search for as much information as you can from the library or the Internet. Second, write out your research report and share with your partners.